FAULTLEVELCALCULATIONS

ACASESTUDY

STEP1:SINGLELINEDIAGRAM
TRANSFORMER
1600kVA

PCC

13

F
22 ) 1

12

350A

11
21

STANDBY GENERATOR
1250kVA

F2

)
23

24

300A

300A

MCC

BUSBAR
31

M1

50HP

F
3

U/G CABLE

M2

M3

M4

100HP

30HP

150HP

CB
SDF
STARTER

STEP2:SYSTEMDATA
i) TRANSFORMER :

11/0.433kV
1600kVA
%R = 0.94
%X = 5.46
%Z = 5.54

ii) STANDBY GENERATOR :

UrG = 415V
1250kVA
%xd = 20
Cos rG = 0.8
Un = 415V

STEP2:SYSTEMDATA
iii) CABLE :

R = 0.062 /kM
X = 0.079 /kM
LENGTH OF CABLE,
21 TO 31= 100M

iv) INDUCTION MOTORS : M1, IrM = 70A

M2, IrM = 135A
M3, IrM = 40A
M4, IrM = 200A
(UrM = 415V; ILR = 6 IrM)

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step3:Conversionof%RintoOhmic
values,toobtainRT.
10x(0.94)x(0.433)2
RT (in) =
1600
=0.001102

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step4:Conversionof%XintoOhmic
values,toobtainXT.
10x(5.46)x(0.433)2
XT (in)=
1600
=0.006398

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step5:Conversion%xd ofthegenerator
intoOhmic values,toobtainXG.
10x(20)x(0.415)2
XG (in)=
1250
=0.027556

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step6:Theresistanceofthegenerator,
RGis:
RG (in) =

0.15XG

0.15x0.027556

0.0041334

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step7:Calculatingthecorrectionfactor
KG.

KG

415
1.05

415
1+[(0.2)(0.6)]

0.9375

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step8:FindingouttheCorrected
GeneratorResistance(RGK)&the
CorrectedGeneratorReactance(XGK):
RGK =
XGK

0.9375x0.0041334
=
0.003875
=
0.9375x0.027556
=
0.025834

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step9:Findingoutthecableresistance
&reactancefortheactuallengthofcable
useduptothepointoffault:
RL

0.062x0.1

0.0062

XL

0.079x0.1=

0.0079

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step10(F1):AddingofallR&allX
values&findingoutZk(forFaultatF1):
Zk(F1) =
=
=
=
=

[(RT)2 +(XT)2]
[(0.001102)2 +(0.006398)2]
[(0.000001214)+(0.00004093)]
[(0.00004214)]
0.006492

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step11(F1):Findingouttheinitial
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (forFault
atF1):
Ik(F!) =
=

1.05x415

3x0.006492
38752Aor38.75kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step12(F1):DeterminingtheX/Rratio
uptothepointoffault(forFaultatF1):
(XT)/(RT)=(0.006398)/(0.001102)
=5.8058

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step13(F1):CalculatingtheAsymmetry
Factor(forFaultatF1):
(F1)

(1.02+0.98e3RT/XT)

1.6045

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step14(F1):Calculatingthepeakcurrent,
(forFaultatF1):

ip(F1)

1.6045x 2x38752

87932Aor87.93kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step10(F2):AddingofallR&allX
values&findingoutZk(forFaultatF2):
Zk(F2) =
=
=
=
=

[(RGK)2 +(XGK)2]
[(0.003875)2 +(0.025834)2]
[(0.00001502)+(0.0006674)]
[(0.0006824)]
0.026123

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step11(F2):Findingouttheinitial
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (for
FaultatF2):
Ik(F2)

1.05x415

3x0.026123

9631Aor9.63kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step12(F2):DeterminingtheX/Rratio
uptothepointoffault(forFaultatF2):
(XGK)/(RGK)

=(0.025834)/(0.003875)
=6.6668

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step13(F2):CalculatingtheAsymmetry
Factor(forFaultatF2):
(F2)

(1.02+0.98e3RGK /XGK)

1.6449

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step14(F2):Calculatingthepeakcurrent,
(forFaultatF2):

ip(F2)

1.6449x 2x9631

22404A or22.40kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step10(F3):AddingofallR&allX
values&findingoutZk(forFaultatF3):
Zk(F3) =
=
=
=
=

[(RT+ RL)2 +(XT+ XL)2]

[(0.007302)2 +(0.014298)2]
[(0.00005332)+(0.00020443)]
[(0.0002576)]
0.0160546

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step11(F3):Findingouttheinitial
symmetricalshortcircuitcurrent,Ik (for
FaultatF3):
Ik(F3)

1.05x415

3x0.0160546

15670Aor15.67kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step12(F3):DeterminingtheX/Rratio
uptothepointoffault(forFaultatF3):
=

(XT+ XL)/(RT+ RL)

(0.014298)/(0.007302)

1.9581

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step13(F3):CalculatingtheAsymmetry
Factor(forFaultatF3):
(F3)

(1.02+0.98e3(RT +RL) /(XT +XL)

1.2318

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step14(F3):Calculatingthepeakcurrent,
(forFaultatF3):

ip(F3)

1.2318x 2x15670

27298Aor27.30kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step15:Calculatingtheaggregateofthe
ratedfullloadcurrentsofallthemotors
(IrM):
70+135+40+200=445A

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod
Astepbystepapproach
Step16:This(445A)isdefinitelymore
than1%ofthecontributionat:
F1:
F2:
F3:

38752x0.01
9631x0.01
15670x0.01

=387.52A
=96.31A
=156.70A

So,motorscontributiontofaultshastobe
considered.

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod Astep

bystepapproach
Step17:TheR.M.S.Currentcontributionto
theshortcircuit,fromthisgroupofmotors
willbe:
IkM

1.05x5x445

2336A

(Ascablesareinvolved)

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod A
stepbystepapproach
Step18:And,thepeakcurrentcontributionfromthis
motorgroupwouldbe:
ipM

M 2IkM =1.2980x1.414x2336

4288A

where,
M =

1.2980foranR/Xratioof0.42,asinthe
caseofLVInductionmotors

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod A
stepbystepapproach
Step19(F1):Now,calculatethetotalfaultlevel,
bothR.M.S.(IKT)andthePeak(ipT)atthefault
Location(ForFaultatF1):
IKT(F1)

38752+2336=41088A
=
41.09kA

and
ipT(F1)

=
=

87932+4288=92220A
92.22kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod A
stepbystepapproach
Step19(F2):Now,calculatethetotalfaultlevel,
bothR.M.S.(IKT)andthePeak(ipT)atthefault
Location(ForFaultatF2):
IKT(F2)

9631+2336=11967A
=
11.97kA

and
ipT(F2)

=
=

22404+4288=26692A
26.69kA

FaultLevelCalculations DirectMethod A
stepbystepapproach
Step19(F3):Now,calculatethetotalfaultlevel,
bothR.M.S.(IKT)andthePeak(ipT)atthefault
Location(ForFaultatF3):
IKT(F3)

15670+2336=18006A
=
18.01kA

and
ipT(F3)

=
=

27298+4288=31586A
31.59kA

TotalFaultLevel
Fault Location

IkT

ipT

F1

41.09 kA
(R.M.S.)

92.22 kA
(peak)

F2

11.97 kA
(R.M.S.)

26.69 kA
(peak)

F3

18.01 kA
(R.M.S.)

31.59 kA
(peak)