J2EE Overview: Ian Cole Orlando Java User's Group February 28, 2002

J2EE Overview
Ian Cole Orlando Java Users Group February 28, 2002
Presentation Overview
Introduction
to J2EE Explain the major technologies within the J2EE designation J2EE applications J2EE servers
The Java 2 Platform

Platform introduced June, 1999 J2SE Java 2 Standard Edition
Java for the desktop / workstation http://java.sun.com/j2se Java for the consumer device http://java.sun.com/j2me Java for the server http://java.sun.com/j2ee
J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition

J2EE - Java 2 Enterprise Edition

The Java 2 Platform
http://java.sun.com/java2/
J2EE Technologies
Java Servlets JSP EJB JMS JDBC JNDI JTA / JTS JavaMail JAAS XML
J2EE Components
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/overview3.html
Java Servlets
Servlets are the Java platform technology of choice for extending and enhancing web servers. Servlets provide a component-based, platform-independent method for building web-based applications, without the performance limitations of CGI programs.
http://java.sun.com/products/servlets/index.html
Java Servlets
Servlets have access to the entire family of Java APIs, including the JDBCTM API to access enterprise databases. Servlets can also access a library of HTTPspecific calls and receive all the benefits of the mature Java language, including portability, performance, reusability, and crash protection
http://java.sun.com/products/servlets/index.html
Anatomy of a Servlet

init() the init() function is called when the servlet is initialized by the server. This often happens on the first doGet() or doPut() call of the servlet. destroy() this function is called when the servlet is being destroyed by the server, typically when the server process is being stopped.
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets/lifecycle/index.html

doGet() the doGet() function is called when the servlet is called via an HTTP GET. doPost() the doPost() function is called when the servlet is called via an HTTP POST.
POSTs are a good way to get input from HTML forms
http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets/lifecycle/index.html
HTTPServletRequest object
Information about an HTTP request

Headers Query String Session Cookies
HTTPServletResponse object
Used for formatting an HTTP response

Headers Status codes Cookies
Sample Servlet
import java.io.*; //Apache Tomcat sample code import javax.servlet.*; import javax.servlet.http.*; public class HelloWorld extends HttpServlet { public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setContentType("text/html"); PrintWriter out = response.getWriter(); out.println("<html>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("<head>"); out.println("<title>Hello World!</title>"); out.println("</head>"); out.println("<body>"); out.println("<h1>Hello World!</h1>"); out.println("</body>"); out.println("</html>"); } }
JSP JavaServer Pages
JavaServer Pages technology uses XML-like tags and scriptlets written in the Java programming language to encapsulate the logic that generates the content for the page. Any and all formatting (HTML or XML) tags are passed directly back to the response page. By separating the page logic from its design and display and supporting a reusable component-based design, JSP technology makes it faster and easier than ever to build web-based applications.
http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/index.html
Sample JSP
<html> <!- Apache Tomcat Samples ->  <body bgcolor="white"> <jsp:useBean id='clock' scope='page' class='dates.JspCalendar' type="dates.JspCalendar" /> <font size=4><ul> <li> Day of month: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfMonth"/> <li> Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="year"/> <li> Month: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="month"/> <li> Time: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="time"/> <li> Date: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="date"/> <li> Day: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="day"/> <li> Day Of Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="dayOfYear"/> <li> Week Of Year: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="weekOfYear"/> <li> era: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="era"/> <li> DST Offset: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="DSTOffset"/> <li> Zone Offset: is <jsp:getProperty name="clock" property="zoneOffset"/> </ul> </font>
EJB Enterprise Java Beans

Enterprise JavaBeansTM is the server-side component architecture for the J2EETM platform. EJBTM enables rapid and simplified development of distributed, transactional, secure and portable Java applications. Current Specification: 2.0 4/16/2001
http://java.sun.com/products/ejb/index.html

Enterprise Java Beans are components that are deployed into containers The container provides services
Loading / Initialization Transactions Persistence Communication with EJB clients Enterprise Naming Context (JNDI name space)
Anatomy of an EJB
Remote Interface

Methods that can be accessed by the outside world. Extends javax.ejb.EJBObject Life-cycle methods (create, findByPrimaryKey) Extends javax.ejb.EJBHome which extends java.rmi.Remote The class performing the actual business process Implements an interface based on type of bean
Remote Home Interface

Bean class

Anatomy of an EJB
EJB
2.0 New Interfaces
New
Interfaces allow bean to bean method calls within the same container Local Interface
Similar to the remote interface, but without RMI Extends javax.ejb.EJBLocalObject
Local
Home Interface
Similar to the remote home interface, but without RMI Extends javax.ejb.EJBLocalHome
Client / EJB Relationship
How does a client application (Java class) utilize EJBs?

Lookup - JNDI ENC Network protocol - RMI EJB container creates object with RemoteHome and Home interfaces this object passes calls to the bean class

Entity
Beans Session Beans Message Beans
New in EJB 2.0
EJB Entity Beans
Entity beans are classes that map to individual entities typically, an Entity bean references a row in a database table, providing an object representation of that database object.
For example, an entity bean could represent a customer, and changing the values in that entity bean would cause updates to that database row
Entity beans provide an abstraction layer so that working with the entity is not specific to the storage mechanism for that entity.
Entity Beans - Persistence
Container Managed Persistence (CMP)
The EJB container automatically persists the EJB objects, usually to a relational database where each type of object is represented as a table, and each instance of the object is a row in that table The EJB container calls bean methods when it is appropriate for the bean to load, save or update data, enforcing transactions without transaction code written by the bean developer
Bean Managed Persistence (BMP)
EJB Session Beans

Session
For
beans perform work for a client application

example, a session bean could charge a credit card for a specific transaction.
Session Beans State

Stateful A stateful bean maintains a conversational state with a client. The client perceives that it is only talking to one bean, and that bean maintains information between calls Stateless A stateless bean maintains no client information between method calls the container can substitute beans as necessary between method calls
EJB Session Bean Example

package org.jboss.docs.interest; import javax.ejb.EJBObject; import java.rmi.RemoteException; /** This interface defines the `Remote' interface for the `Interest' EJB. Its single method is the only method exposed to the outside world. The class InterestBean implements the method. */ public interface Interest extends EJBObject { /** Calculates the compound interest on the sum `principle', with interest rate per period `rate' over `periods' time periods. This method also prints a message to standard output; this is picked up by the EJB server and logged. In this way we can demonstrate that the method is actually being executed on the server, rather than the client. */ public double calculateCompoundInterest(double principle, double rate, double periods) throws RemoteException; }

package org.jboss.docs.interest; import java.io.Serializable; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import javax.ejb.CreateException; import javax.ejb.EJBHome; /** This interface defines the 'home' interface for the 'Interest' EJB. */ public interface InterestHome extends EJBHome { /** Creates an instance of the `InterestBean' class on the server, and returns a remote reference to an Interest interface on the client. */ Interest create() throws RemoteException, CreateException; }

package org.jboss.docs.interest; import java.rmi.RemoteException; import javax.ejb.SessionBean; import javax.ejb.SessionContext; /** This class contains the implementation for the 'calculateCompoundInterest' method exposed by this Bean. It includes empty method bodies for the methods prescribe by the SessionBean interface; these don't need to do anything in this simple example. */ public class InterestBean implements SessionBean { public double calculateCompoundInterest(double principle, double rate, double periods) { System.out.println("Someone called `calculateCompoundInterest!'"); return principle * Math.pow(1+rate, periods) - principle; } public public public public public void void void void void ejbCreate() {} ejbPostCreate() {} ejbRemove() {} ejbActivate() {} ejbPassivate() {}

<?xmlversion="1.0"encoding="UTF-8"?> <ejb-jar> <description>JBossInterestSampleApplication</description> <display-name>InterestEJB</display-name> <enterprise-beans> <session> <ejb-name>Interest</ejb-name> <home>org.jboss.docs.interest.InterestHome</home> <remote>org.jboss.docs.interest.Interest</remote> <ejb-class>org.jboss.docs.interest.InterestBean</ejb-class> <session-type>Stateless</session-type> <transaction-type>Bean</transaction-type> </session> </enterprise-beans> </ejb-jar>

package org.jboss.docs.interest; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject; class InterestClient { /** This method does all the work. It creates an instance of the Interest EJB on the EJB server, and calls its `calculateCompoundInterest()' method, then prints the result of the calculation. */ public static void main(String[] args) { try { InitialContext jndiContext = new InitialContext(); ref = jndiContext.lookup("interest/Interest"); InterestHome home = (InterestHome) PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ref, InterestHome.class); Interest interest = home.create(); //Create an Interest object from the Home interface System.out.println(interest.calculateCompoundInterest(1000, 0.10, 2)); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.toString());
EJB Message Beans

Message
beans are classes that receive asynchronous notification from a Java Message Service server
For
example, a message bean could be activated when vendor sends a purchase order to a JMS queue.
JMS Java Message Service
Enterprise messaging provides a reliable, flexible service for the asynchronous exchange of critical business data and events throughout an enterprise. The JMS API adds to this a common API and provider framework that enables the development of portable, message based applications in the Java programming language.
http://java.sun.com/products/jms/index.html

JMS Queue
JMS Topic
The JMS API in the J2EE 1.3 platform has the following new features:

A new kind of enterprise bean, the message-driven bean, enables the asynchronous consumption of messages. Message sends and receives can participate in Java Transaction API (JTA) transactions.
Why should I use JMS?
Loosely-coupled systems

Connectionless Removes dependence on client and server platform / programming language / version Send / receive information with many, unknown clients IBM MQ-Series Microsoft Message Queue
Publish / Subscribe metaphor
Integration with other messaging systems

JDBC Data Access API
JDBCTM technology is an API that lets you access virtually any tabular data source from the JavaTM programming language.
Cross-DBMS connectivity to a wide range of SQL databases Access to other tabular data sources, such as spreadsheets or flat files.
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/index.html
JDBC Driver Types

Level 1 - A JDBC-ODBC bridge provides JDBC API access via one or more ODBC drivers. Level 2 - A native-API partly Java technologyenabled driver converts JDBC calls into calls on the client API for Oracle, Sybase, Informix, DB2, or other DBMS. Level 3 - A net-protocol fully Java technologyenabled driver translates JDBC API calls into a DBMS-independent net protocol which is then translated to a DBMS protocol by a server. Level 4 - A native-protocol fully Java technologyenabled driver converts JDBC technology calls into the network protocol used by DBMSs directly.
http://java.sun.com/products/jdbc/driverdesc.html
JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface

JNDI is an API specified in Javatm that provides naming and directory functionality to applications written in Java. It is designed especially for Java by using Java's object model. Using JNDI, Java applications can store and retrieve named Java objects of any type. JNDI provides methods for performing standard directory operations, such as associating attributes with objects and searching for objects using their attributes. JNDI allows Java applications to take advantage of information in a variety of existing naming and directory services, such as LDAP, NDS, DNS, and NIS(YP), and allows Java applications to coexist with legacy applications and systems.
http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/overview.html
JNDI - Layers
JNDI Common Uses

JNDI ENC enterprise naming context
EJB lookup within a J2EE app server
LDAP integration Dynamic registration of services and clients Peer to Peer computing
JNDI Session Bean Example

package org.jboss.docs.interest; import javax.naming.InitialContext; import javax.rmi.PortableRemoteObject; class InterestClient { /** This method does all the work. It creates an instance of the Interest EJB on the EJB server, and calls its `calculateCompoundInterest()' method, then prints the result of the calculation. */ public static void main(String[] args) { try { InitialContext jndiContext = new InitialContext(); ref = jndiContext.lookup("interest/Interest"); InterestHome home = (InterestHome) PortableRemoteObject.narrow(ref, InterestHome.class); Interest interest = home.create(); //Create an Interest object from the Home interface System.out.println(interest.calculateCompoundInterest(1000, 0.10, 2)); } catch(Exception e) { System.out.println(e.toString());
JTA / JTS Transactions
The Java Transaction API (JTA) and the Java Transaction Service (JTS) allow J2EE application servers to take the burden of transaction management off of the component developer. Developers can define the transactional properties of Enterprise JavaBeansTM technology based components during design or deployment using declarative statements in the deployment descriptor. The application server takes over the transaction management responsibilities.
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/transactions.html
JavaMail

The JavaMailTM 1.2 API provides a set of abstract classes that model a mail system. The API provides a platform independent and protocol independent framework to build Java technologybased mail and messaging applications. J2EE contains JAF JavaBeans Activation Framework since it is required by JavaMail Supports common mail protocols

IMAP POP SMTP MIME
http://java.sun.com/products/javamail/index.html
JAAS Java Authentication and Authorization Service
Authentication of users, to reliably and securely determine who is currently executing Java code, regardless of whether the code is running as an application, an applet, a bean, or a servlet; and Authorization of users to ensure they have the access control rights (permissions) required to do the actions performed. Sample authentication modules using: JavaTM Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) Unix Operating Environment Windows NT
Kerberos Keystore
http://java.sun.com/products/jaas/index.html
XML
J2EE 1.3 includes JAXP 1.1 support, as well as Servlet Filters and XML JSPTM documents. The JavaTM API for XML Processing ("JAXP") supports processing of XML documents using DOM, SAX, and XSLT. The portability and extensibility of both XML and Java make them the ideal choice for the flexibility and wide availability requirements of this new web.
http://java.sun.com/xml/index.html http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/index.html
J2EE Connectors

The J2EE Connector architecture defines a standard architecture for connecting the J2EE platform to heterogeneous EISs (Enterprise Information Systems). Examples of EISs include ERP, mainframe transaction processing, database systems, and legacy applications not written in the Java programming language.
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/connector/index.html
J2EE Applications
http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/1_3-fcs/doc/Oveview3.html
J2EE Deployment
JAR Java ARchive

Java class file EJBs Servlets JSPs Contains other JARs and WARs to form an entire application XML Required for EJB JARs, WARs, EARs
WAR - Web ARchive

EAR - Enterprise ARchive
Deployment descriptors

J2EE Servers
Application Server
As of Sept 01 - MetaGroup Survey by sales $$

BEA Weblogic - 37% IBM Websphere 22% Oracle 11% Iplanet 5% Other- 12% Jboss www.jboss.org
Open-source
Suns listing of J2EE compatible servers http://java.sun.com/j2ee/compatibility.html
J2EE Servers
Servlet
Most
/ JSP Servers
of the commercial application servers also include servlet / JSP support Open-Source
Apache Tomcat Jetty
Suns
listing of servlet / JSP servers -
http://java.sun.com/products/servlet/industry.html
J2EE Development Tools

Major
IDEs support J2EE in some form
Wizards
for EJB / Servlets Custom editors for JSP Deployment descriptor support Deployment support for application servers Embedded servers for testing within IDE
Learning more
Enterprise JavaBeans 3rd Edition

Richard Monson-Haefel OReilly 2001 http://www.jboss.org/online-manual/HTML/index.html
JBoss documentation
Designing Enterprise Applications with the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition

Nicholas Kassem and the Enterprise Team Addison Wesley 2000 Marty Hall Prentice Hall 2000
Core Servlets and JavaServer Pages (JSP)

Learning more

J2EE Tutorial - http://java.sun.com/j2ee/tutorial/1_3-fcs J2EE Developers Guide - http://java.sun.com/j2ee/sdk_1.2.1/ techdocs/guides/ejb/html/DevGuideTOC.html JNDI - http://java.sun.com/products/jndi/tutorial/ JMS - http://java.sun.com/products/jms/tutorial/ JDBC - http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/jdbc Servlets - http://java.sun.com/docs/books/tutorial/servlets JSP - http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/docs.html JAXP - http://java.sun.com/xml/jaxp/dist/1.1/docs/tutorial

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J2EE Overview

Ian Cole Orlando Java Users Group February 28, 2002

The Java 2 Platform

J2ME Java 2 Micro Edition

J2EE - Java 2 Enterprise Edition

The Java 2 Platform

POSTs are a good way to get input from HTML forms

Information about an HTTP request

Headers Query String Session Cookies

Used for formatting an HTTP response

Headers Status codes Cookies

JSP JavaServer Pages

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

Remote Home Interface

2.0 New Interfaces

Client / EJB Relationship

How does a client application (Java class) utilize EJBs?

EJB Enterprise Java Beans

Beans Session Beans Message Beans

New in EJB 2.0

EJB Entity Beans

Entity Beans - Persistence

Container Managed Persistence (CMP)

Bean Managed Persistence (BMP)

EJB Session Beans

beans perform work for a client application

Session Beans State

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Session Bean Example

EJB Message Beans

JMS Java Message Service

JMS Java Message Service

JMS Java Message Service

JMS Java Message Service

Why should I use JMS?

Publish / Subscribe metaphor

Integration with other messaging systems

JDBC Data Access API

JDBC Driver Types

JNDI Java Naming and Directory Interface

JNDI Common Uses

JNDI ENC enterprise naming context

EJB lookup within a J2EE app server

JNDI Session Bean Example

JTA / JTS Transactions

IMAP POP SMTP MIME

JAAS Java Authentication and Authorization Service

JAR Java ARchive

WAR - Web ARchive

EAR - Enterprise ARchive

As of Sept 01 - MetaGroup Survey by sales $$

Suns listing of J2EE compatible servers http://java.sun.com/j2ee/compatibility.html

listing of servlet / JSP servers -