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    Power Systems Formulae

    Uploaded by

    Hari Krishna
    This formula sheet provides formulas and definitions for electric power systems analysis including: - Per-unit definitions for three-phase base values - Zero sequence networks of transformers - Fault current calculations for different fault types - Synchronous machine short-circuit current formulas - Newton-Raphson power flow solution method - Complex power injection calculations using bus admittance matrix - Δ-Y and Y-Δ transformations for impedance conversions

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Power Systems Formulae

    Uploaded by

    Hari Krishna
    1K views3 pages
    This formula sheet provides formulas and definitions for electric power systems analysis including: - Per-unit definitions for three-phase base values - Zero sequence networks of transformers - Fault current calculations for different fault types - Synchronous machine short-circuit current formulas - Newton-Raphson power flow solution method - Complex power injection calculations using bus admittance matrix - Δ-Y and Y-Δ transformations for impedance conversions

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    This formula sheet provides formulas and definitions for electric power systems analysis including: - Per-unit definitions for three-phase base values - Zero sequence networks of transformers - Fault current calculations for different fault types - Synchronous machine short-circuit current formulas - Newton-Raphson power flow solution method - Complex power injection calculations using bus admittance matrix - Δ-Y and Y-Δ transformations for impedance conversions

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1K views3 pages

    Power Systems Formulae

    Uploaded by

    Hari Krishna
    This formula sheet provides formulas and definitions for electric power systems analysis including: - Per-unit definitions for three-phase base values - Zero sequence networks of transformers - Fault current calculations for different fault types - Synchronous machine short-circuit current formulas - Newton-Raphson power flow solution method - Complex power injection calculations using bus admittance matrix - Δ-Y and Y-Δ transformations for impedance conversions

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Formula Sheet Electric Power Systems

    The allowed tools at the exam are: this formula sheet, TEFYMA (or equivalent) and a pocket calculator.

    9D 9 = E 9F

    1 1 90 9 $ 1 where $ = 1 D 2 1 D 92

    1 D with D = H D2

    2 3

    1 1 1 ; $ = 1 D 3 1 D 2
    1

    1 D2 D

    Three-phase per-unit base definitions according to Glover-Sarma:

    6 EDVH 3 = 36EDVH1 9EDVH/1 = 9EDVH// / 3 <EDVH = 1 / = EDVH

    , EDVH = = EDVH =

    6 EDVH1 9EDVH/1

    9EDVH/1 , EDVH

    39EDVH// 2 9 9EDVH// = = 6EDVH1 6EDVH 3


    2 EDVH/1

    6EDVH 3

    Zero sequence networks of transformers, neglecting phase shift and shunt admittance:

    Zn1

    Zn2

    Zn

    3Zn1 Zeq 3Zn2

    3Z n Zeq

    Zeq

    Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

    Zero, positive and negative sequence fault currents (In-0, In-1, In-2) for a fault at bus n Three-phase fault
    , Q 1 = , Q 0 = , Q 1 = , Q 2 = , Q 1 = , Q 2 = 9) ; , Q0 = , Q2 = 0 = QQ 1

    Single line-to-ground, phase a

    9) = QQ 0 + = QQ 1 + = QQ 2 + 3= ) 9) ; , Q 0 = 0 = QQ 1 + = QQ 2 + = )

    Line-to-line fault, phases b and c

    Double line-to-ground fault, phases b and c

    9) , Q 1 = = (= + 3= ) ) = QQ 1 + QQ 2 QQ 0 = QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= ) = QQ 0 + 3= ) , Q 2 = , Q 1 = QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= ) = QQ 2 , Q 0 = , Q 1 = QQ 2 + = QQ 0 + 3= )

    Znn-0, Znn-1 and Znn-2 denote element (n,n) of zero, positive and negative sequence bus impedance matrix Zbus.

    If prefault currents are neglected, bus voltages during fault at bus n, V bus = V F Z bus IF where IF only has one nonzero element being In the fault current leaving bus n.

    rms short-circuit current unloaded synchronous machine Symmetrical (ac)


    1 1 , DF (W ) = (J ; "G ; G W / 7 "G 1 1 H + ; ; G G W / 7 G 1 H + ;G
    2 2

    Asymmetrical (ac+dc) Asymmetrical (ac+maximum dc) , UPV (W ) = , DF (W ) +


    2

    , UPV (W ) = , DF (W ) + LGF (W )

    2 , " H W / 7$

    ( ] where , " = ; "


    2

    J G

    Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

    Salient pole rotor synchronous generator

    3H ( ) = 4H ( ) =

    (T9 ;G (T9

    sin +

    92 1 1 sin 2 2 ;T ;G

    cos 2 sin 2 cos 9 2 + ; ;G ;G T

    Newton-Raphson solution of y=f(x) , iteration i:

    [ (L + 1) = [ (L ) + - 1 (L ){\ I [[ (L )]} I Matrix element - (L ) = = ( ) [


    P PQ [ [ L Q

    Complex Power injected at bus k calculated using bus admittance matrix, bus voltage vector:
    1 3N = 9N <NQ9Q cos( N Q N ) * Q =1 6 N = 3N + M4N = 9N , N 1 4N = 9N <NQ9Q sin( N Q N ) Q =1

    where <NQ H M = <EXV (N , Q) and 9N H M = 9EXV (N )


    NQ N

    Z AB = Z BC =
    -Y transformation

    Z A ZB + ZB Z C + Z A ZC ZC

    ZA = ZB =

    Z AB Z AC Z AB + Z BC + Z AC

    Z AC

    Z A Z B + ZB Z C + Z A ZC ZA Z Z + ZB ZC + Z A Z C = A B ZB

    Z AB Z BC Z AB + Z BC + Z AC Z AC Z BC ZC = Z AB + Z BC + Z AC

    Electric Power Systems Formula Sheet

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