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Reflection Coefficient

1) The reflection coefficient (F) is defined as the ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident voltage. 2) F can be calculated at any point on the transmission line based on the load reflection coefficient (FI) and the distance from the load. 3) As the distance from the load increases, the magnitude of F decreases due to attenuation but its phase also changes due to the propagation constant.

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Josley Vas
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252 views3 pages

Reflection Coefficient

1) The reflection coefficient (F) is defined as the ratio of the reflected voltage to the incident voltage. 2) F can be calculated at any point on the transmission line based on the load reflection coefficient (FI) and the distance from the load. 3) As the distance from the load increases, the magnitude of F decreases due to attenuation but its phase also changes due to the propagation constant.

Uploaded by

Josley Vas
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reflection Coefficient

v(z) = v
1
e
-yz
+v
2
e
yz

v
1
e
-yz
is the voltage corresponding to wave progressing in +z direction from source
towards load
v
2
e
yz
is the voltage corresponding to wave progressing in -z direction from load
towards source
Reflection Coefficient is defined as
F =
Rc]Icctcd voIutgc
Incdcnt oItugc
=
v
2
c
yz
v
1
c
-yz

The voltage and current relationship in the transmission line shall be
!(z) = !
1
e
-yz
+!
2
e
yz
I
1
=
v
1
z
0
and
I
2
=
-v
2
z
0
hence
!(z) =
1
z
0
(v
1
e
-yz
- v
2
e
yz
)
Reflection Coefficient at the Load
As shown in figure at z= l i.e. at the load point
v
l
= v
1
e
-yl
+v
2
e
yl

!
l
=
1
z
0
(v
1
e
-yl
- v
2
e
yl
)
So load impedance
Z
I
=
v
l
I
l
=
v
1
c
-yl
+ v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl
- v
2
c
yl

Z
9

= Z
0
v
1
c
-yl
+ v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl
-v
2
c
yl

= Z
0

1+
v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl
1-
v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl

F =
Rc]Icctcd voIutgc
Incdcnt oItugc
=
v
2
c
yz
v
1
c
-yz

F
I
=
v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl

So Z
I
= Z
0

1+ F
l
1-F
l


Rearranging
Z
I
(1 -F
I
) = Z
0
(1 + F
I
)
Z
I
- Z
I
F
I
= Z
0
+ Z
0
F
I

Source
Source Impedance
ZL
Transmission Line of Length l
Vs
Zs
Z0
Increasing z z = 0 z = l
Load
IL
I1
I2
VL
V2 V1
Sending End
Receiving End

Collating F
I
terms
Z
I
- Z
0
= Z
I
F
I
+ Z
0
F
I

Z
I
- Z
0
= (Z
I
+ Z
0
)F
I

So
F
I
=
z
l
-z
0
z
l
+ z
0

The F
I
is a complex quantity since Z
I
, Z
0
are complex quantities. So it can be
expressed as
F
I
= |F
I
|c
]0
l

Where
|F
I
| is magnitude of complex Reflection Coefficient F
I

0
I
is argument of complex Reflection Coefficient F
I

0
I
is also the angle between incident and reflected voltage fCurrent wave
The magnitude of reflection coefficient |F
I
| shall never be greater than unity, i.e.
|F
I
| 1.

Reflection Coefficient at any point on the transmission line
The Reflection Coefficient as defined
F =
Rc]Icctcd voIutgc
Incdcnt oItugc
=
v
2
c
yz
v
1
c
-yz

Consider distance z such that z = l-d, that is at distance d from the load.
So F shall be
F =
v
2
c
yz
v
1
c
-yz
=
v
2
c
y(l-d)
v
1
c
-y(l-d)
since z = l-d
Simplifying
F =
v
2
c
y(l)
c
-yd)
v
1
c
-y(l)
c
+yd)

F =
v
2
c
yl
c
-2yd
v
1
c
-yl

F =
v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl
c
-2yd

But
v
2
c
yl
v
1
c
-yl
= F
I

Replacing in Equation
F = F
I
c
-2yd

The reflection Coefficient at any point at distance d from load is given by
F = F
I
c
-2yd

Noting that the propagation constant y is
y = o + ][
Substituting in the equation above
F = F
I
c
-2yd
= F
I
c
-2(u+][)d
=F
I
c
-2ud-]2[d

Also F
I
= |F
I
|c
]0
l

So, F at any point at a distance d from the load is
F = |F
I
|c
-2ud-](0
l
-2[d)

Simplifying
F = |F
I
|c
-2ud
c
-](0
l
-2[d)

As can be seen from the expression,
The Reflection coefficient at any point at distance d
1. is proportional to reflection coefficient at load
2. The magnitude of the reflection coefficient decreases by term c
-2ud

a. Attenuation constant o will affect the magnitude of the reflection
coefficient
b. !f Attenuation constant o = 0 ,like in loss less line, the magnitude of
the reflection coefficient remains constant
c. Hence
F = |F|c
-](0
l
-2[d)
where = |F| = |F
I
|c
-2ud

3. Phase of the reflection coefficient changes with changing distance from load
!f Z
I
= Z
0
, then F
I
= 0. Then there is no reflected wave. Such a transmission line is
called flat line
!f Z
I
= Z
0
, then reflections take place and hence reflection coefficient exists. !t is
also to be noted if source impedance Z
s
= Z
0
, then reflected wave is again reflected
towards load and so forth

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