F.

5 A/B

No.:

6PH01/01
Jan 2011

Name:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

1.

6PH01/01
Jan 2012
1.

A wire of cross-sectional area A and length x is stretched by a force F. The Young

modulus of the material of the wire is E.
The extension x is given by
A AE/Fx

B Ex/FA

C FA/Ex

D Fx/AE

6PH01/01
Jun 2011
1.

A physics book gives this definition:

A material which shows a large plastic deformation under compression.
This is the definition for
A ductile

X C malleable

B hard

D stiff

6PH01/01
Jan 2010
1. A substance which can undergo a large plastic deformation without cracking can be
described as
A brittle

The graph shows how tensile stress varies with tensile strain for a wire.

P.1

B hard

C malleable

D stiff

6PH01/01
Jan 2012
1.

Explain the difference between compressive strain and tensile strain.

......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
Compressive
......................................................................................................................................
is a decrease in length/squash/squeeze/causes a negative extension and tensile is
an increase
......................................................................................................................................
in length/stretch/pull/causes a positive extension.
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question 1 = 2 marks)
Which row of the table could give the correct terms for points X, Y and Z?

2.

A material which resists plastic deformation by scratching is described as

A brittle

X B hard

C malleable

D stiff

(total for Question 1 = 1 mark)

2.

The metal copper probably gets its name from the Mediterranean island of Cyprus,
which was an important source of the metal in ancient times. Copper was versatile
because it could be beaten to make large flat objects, such as shields, as well as being
drawn into wires which could be used decoratively.
Name and define the property of copper that makes it suitable for this method of
making shields and the property that makes it suitable for making wires.
..........................................................................................................................................
Malleable
for shields
(1)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Undergoes
(large) plastic deformation
(1)
Under..........................................................................................................................................
compression OR compressive force OR compressive stress
(1)
..........................................................................................................................................
..........................................................................................................................................
Ductile
for wires
(1)
..........................................................................................................................................
Undergoes
large (plastic) deformation
(1)
..........................................................................................................................................
Under..........................................................................................................................................
tension OR tensile stress OR tensile force.
(1)
..........................................................................................................................................
(Total for Question 2 = 5 marks)

F.5 A/B

No.:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

Name:
Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

6PH01/01
Jun 2011
1.

The diagram shows a crane lifting a concrete beam.

mass of beam = 1300 kg
diameter of steel cable = 1.1 cm

(c) The steel cable consists of six strands each made of thirty seven wires.
Suggest why this is preferred to a single piece of steel.

P.2

(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
Greater flexibility / damage limited to strands, not start of weakness
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
for
whole
cable
....................................................................................................................................................
(total for Question 1 = 8 marks)
6PH01/01
Jan 2011
1.

Explain why the wire used when measuring the Young Modulus of copper in a
school laboratory is long and thin.
(5)
Small
extension hard to measure accurately (or converse)
......................................................................................................................................
Small
extension gives large percentage uncertainty (or converse)
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
stress
= force/area
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
(thin
wire has) small area
(1)
so......................................................................................................................................
get a larger stress (for a given force) / don't need such a large force
......................................................................................................................................
/need too much force needed if not thin
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
strain
= extension/original length / extension original length
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
greater
extension - linked to longer length
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
greater
extension - linked to thinner wire
(1)
(Total for Question 1 = 5 marks)

(a) Show that the stress in the cable at point X is about 0.10 GPa.
(4)
Use of area = r 2
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Use of W = m g
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
Use of stress = F / A
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Stress = 1.3 x 108 (Pa)
(1)
(b) The original length of the cable with no load is 15 m.
Calculate its extension when lifting the beam.
Young modulus for steel = 195 GPa
(3)
Use of E = stress / strain
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Use of strain = extension / length
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
Extension = 0.010 m
(1)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Extension = .........................................................

2.

The graphs show the behaviour of brittle and ductile materials.

(a) Use the graphs to help you describe brittle and ductile behaviour.
(2)
......................................................................................................................................
(The graph shows) brittle - undergoes no/little plastic deformation/behaviour
......................................................................................................................................
(before breaking) /
......................................................................................................................................
breaks/fails
just beyond/soon after limit of proportionality/elastic limit
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
(The graph shows) ductile - undergoes lots of/significant/large plastic
deformation (before breaking) /
able to undergo permanent deformation under tensile stress
(1)

No.:

Physics CW4 (Unit 1 topic 2)

P.3

Name:
Hand in 27 th Nov. 2012 Tuesday

6PH01/01
Jan 2011

(b) In 2006, three Chinese vases, dating from the 17th Century, were smashed when
a man fell down the stairs at the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge. The vases were
made of porcelain.
A restoration expert put the vases back together. She said, "It wasn't a difficult job.
The museum collected all the pieces and they fitted back together perfectly."
Explain why it was possible to fit the pieces back together perfectly.
(2)
Porcelain/vase/it
is brittle
(1)
......................................................................................................................................
When
broken it doesn't (permanently) deform/change shape/bend (or
......................................................................................................................................
Synonyms
- but 'dent' is not sufficient) (No elastic deformation not
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
sufficient)
(1)
(Total for Question 2= 4 marks)

Stress-Strain curve of a brittle material

Tensile stress

F.5 A/B

Tensile strain