Unit 2 Dqay 1

Brandon Chan Unit 2 Day 2 Ap euro 350-354 1.
Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany
October 1, 2012
The Protestant Reformation began with a typical medieval question: What must I do to be saved. A) The Early Luther

Martin Luther was born in Germany on November 10th,1483. He became a master of the liberal arts, and then studied law. He became a monk and entered the monastic order of the Augustinian Hermits in Erfurt. He realized after studying the Bible that in catholic doctrine had emphasized that both faith and good works were required of a Christian to achieve personal salvation. Humans are not saved through their good works but through their faith in the promises of God, made possible by Jesus on the cross. Justification the act by which a person is made deserving of salvation The Bible was the chief guide to religious truth.
1)

The Indulgence Controversy
In 1517, Pope Leo X issued a special jubilee indulgence to finance the ongoing construction of Saint Peters Basilica in Rome. As soon as the coin in the coffer rings, the soul from purgatory springs. Luther enraged by these indulgences posted the Ninety-Five These. The document was reprinted 1000 times and was translated into German which satisfied Northern Humanists who have wanted reforms within the Church.
2)

The Quickening Rebellion
During the Leipzig debates, Luther had to debate against Johann Eck, who forced Luther to criticize beyond indulgences and deny the authority of popes and councils. He published three pamphlets; The Address to the Nobility of the German Nation which was a political tract written in German in which Luther called on the German princes to overthrow the papacy in Germany. Babylonian Captivity of the Churchattacked the sacramental system as the means by which the pope and church had held
the real meaning of the Gospel captive for a thousand years. On the Freedom of a Christian Man- was a short treatise on the doctrine of salvation. It is faith alone, not good works, that justifies, frees, and brings salvation through Jesus. The church excommunicated him in January 1521 He was then outlawed and a bounty was put on him
B) The Rise of Lutheranism

After a brief period of hiding, Luther returned to Wittenberg in Electoral Saxony and began to organize a reformed church. Lutheranism had wide appeal and spread rapidly. It spread through Germany, pamphlets depicting the pope as a hideous Antichrist and titled I Wonder Why There is No Money in the Land attacking papal greed.
1) The Spread of Luthers Ideas

2/3 of germany converted The first city to convert over was Nuremberg, under the council secretary Lazarus Spengler in 1525. Older humanists began to disagree with Luther due to fear of schism within the church.
2) The Peasants Wars

Peasant dissatisfaction in Germany stemmed from several sources. M Local lords abused peasant with taxes. Thomas Mutntzer, inflamed the peasants against their rulers with his fiery language. Luther was against the revolt, knowing he needed the support of the German Princes.
C) Church and State

Justification by faith alone was the starting point for most of Protestantisms major doctrines. He kept two catholic sacraments; baptism and the Lords Supper. The Bible is efficient enough for any Christian; the clergys rule was not needed. Due to Luthers dependence on the princes to establish churches, the princes appointed officials and regulated matters of worship. The churches quickly became territorial or state churches in which the state supervised and disciplined church members. Church services consisted of Bible readings in vernacular.
Luther married Katherina von Bora to model of a marriage and family life for the new Protestant minister.
D) Germany and the Reformation: Religion and Politics

Charles V controlled a vast empire ranging for Spain to Italy . He tried to maintain a catholic empire, even though it was futile due to four major problems The French, the papacy, The Turks, and Germanys internal situation, all while Lutheranism spread.

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Brandon Chan Unit 2 Day 2 Ap euro 350-354 1.

Martin Luther and the Reformation in Germany

The Indulgence Controversy

The Quickening Rebellion

B) The Rise of Lutheranism

1) The Spread of Luthers Ideas

2) The Peasants Wars

C) Church and State

D) Germany and the Reformation: Religion and Politics

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