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    Indian History: Ancient India (Pre-Historic To AD 700)

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    Alex Andrews George
    The document provides an overview of Indian history from ancient times through modern eras. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in ancient India and the Indus Valley Civilization. The medieval era saw the rise of Islam and invasions by the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Modern India began with the First War of Independence and saw the formation of Congress and the Muslim League along with India's independence and partition.

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    Indian History: Ancient India (Pre-Historic To AD 700)

    Uploaded by

    Alex Andrews George
    319 views4 pages
    The document provides an overview of Indian history from ancient times through modern eras. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in ancient India and the Indus Valley Civilization. The medieval era saw the rise of Islam and invasions by the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Modern India began with the First War of Independence and saw the formation of Congress and the Muslim League along with India's independence and partition.

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    Indian History : Ancient India, Medieval India, Modern India

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    Indian History

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    The document provides an overview of Indian history from ancient times through modern eras. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in ancient India and the Indus Valley Civilization. The medieval era saw the rise of Islam and invasions by the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Modern India began with the First War of Independence and saw the formation of Congress and the Muslim League along with India's independence and partition.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    319 views4 pages

    Indian History: Ancient India (Pre-Historic To AD 700)

    Uploaded by

    Alex Andrews George
    The document provides an overview of Indian history from ancient times through modern eras. It describes the Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic periods in ancient India and the Indus Valley Civilization. The medieval era saw the rise of Islam and invasions by the Delhi Sultanate and Mughals. Modern India began with the First War of Independence and saw the formation of Congress and the Muslim League along with India's independence and partition.

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    The passage provides an overview of Indian history from prehistoric times to modern India, classifying it into ancient, medieval and modern periods and outlining some of the major political and cultural developments during each era.

    Indian history is broadly classified into three main periods - Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India, with ancient India further divided based on the type of tools used such as the Paleolithic, Mesolithic and Neolithic periods.

    The Paleolithic period saw the earliest human habitation and use of fire and stone tools. The Mesolithic period witnessed climatic changes and domestication of animals. The Neolithic period marked the beginning of agriculture and use of the wheel. The Indus Valley civilization also flourished during the Chalcolithic period.

    Indian History

    Indian History is a topic of interest to many, including foreigners because of the cultures and civilizations existed in this sub-continent. History of India can be studied under political, cultural, religious or economic heads, but the most accepted classification is based on timeperiods. Thus broadly Indian History can be classified into three periods Ancient India, Medieval India and Modern India.

    Ancient India (Pre-historic to AD 700)

    Ancient India : Courtesy Government of India

    There were activities of proto humans (Homo erectus) in the Indian subcontinent 20 lakh years (2 million years) ago, and of Homo sapiens since 70,000 BC. But they were gathers/hunters. The first inhabitants of Indian subcontinent might have been tribals like Nagas(Assam), Bhils, Santhals(Andaman), Gonds, Todas etc (speakers of the Austric, pre-Dravidian languages, such as Munda and Gondvi). Dravidians and Aryans were believed to be immigrants who came later to the sub-continent.

    Ancient India can be studied under other heads like Paleolithic, Mesolithic, Neolithic and Chalcolithic period based on the type of stone/ metal tools people used.

    Paleolithic Period ( 2 million BC 10,000 BC)


    Fire Tools made up of lime stone Ostrich Eggs Important Paleolithic sites : Bhimbetka (M.P), Hunsgi, Kurnool Caves, Narmada Valley (Hathnora, M.P), Kaladgi Basin

    Mesolithic Period ( 10,000 BC 8,000 BC)


    Major Climatic Change happened Domestication of animals ie Cattle rearing started Microliths found at Brahmagiri (Mysore), Narmada, Vindya, Gujarat

    Neolithic Period ( 8000 BC 4,000 BC)


    Agriculture Started Wheel discovered Inamgaon = An early village Important Neolithic Sites : Burzahom(Kashmir), Gufkral(Kashmir), Mehrgarh(Pakistan), Chirand(Bihar), Daojali Hading( Tripura/Assam), Koldihwa(UP), Mahagara(UP), Hallur(AP), Paiyampalli(AP), Maski, Kodekal, Sangana Kaller, Utnur, Takkala Kota.

    NB : Megalithic Sites : Brahmagiri, Adichanallur

    Chalcolithic Period ( 4000 BC 1,500 BC)


    Copper Age. Can be considered part of Bronze Age. (Bronze = Copper + Tin) Indus Valley Civilization (BC 2700 BC 1900). Also cultures at Brahmagiri, Navada Toli (Narmada region), Mahishadal (W.Bengal), Chirand (Ganga region)

    Iron Age (BC 1500 BC 200)

    Vedic Period (Arrival of Aryans) (BC 1600 AD 600) Nearly 1000 years (Basic books of Hinduism, ie Vedas were composed, might have written down later.)

    Jainism and Buddhism Mahajanapadas Major Civilization after Indus Valley- On banks of river Ganga Magadha empire Bimbisara of Haryanka Kula

    Sisunga dyanasy Kalasoka (Kakavarnin) Nanda empire Mahapadma-nanda, Dhana-nanda Persian- Greek : Alexander 327 BC Maurya empire (321-185 BC) : Chandra Gupta Maurya, Bindusara, Asoka

    Post Mauriyan Kingdoms (Middle Kingdoms/ Classical Period):

    Sunga (181-71 BC), Kanva (71-27BC), Satavahanas (235-100BC), Indo-Greeks, Parthians (1945AD), Sakas (90BC-150AD), Kushanas(78AD)

    South Indian Kingdoms Chola, Chera, Pandyas (BC 300) Guptas (300AD 800AD) Post Guptas or Contemporary Guptas Hunas, Maitrakas, Vakatakas, Harshvardana, Pallavas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Rajputs, Pratiharas, Palas, Senas, Chauhans

    Medieval India (AD 700 AD 1857)


    Attack of Muhammed Bin Kassim (AD 712) Rise of Islam and Sufism Mohammed Ghazni (AD 1000-27) Mohammed Ghori (AD 1175-1206)

    * Kingdoms of South India During Medieval India Bhamini and Vijayanagara

    Medieval India Courtesy Government of India

    Delhi Sultanate (1206 AD 1526 AD)

    1. Slave Dynasty 2. Kilji Dynasty 3. Tuglaq Dynasty 4. Sayyid Dynasty 5. Lodi Dyanasty

    Mughals (AD 1526 AD 1857)


    Great Mughals Later Mughals Arrival of Europeans Other Kingdoms of North India Marathas, Sikhs

    Modern India (AD 1857 +)


    First War of Indian Independence Formation of Indian National Congress Formation of Muslim League Non Co-operation Movement Civil Disobedience Movement Quit India Movement Partition of India Constitutional Development of India Economic Development of India Wars India-Pak Formation of Bangladesh; India- China New Economic Policy of 1991 Nuclear, Space and Defense Development

    Courtesy and Copyright: www.clearias.com

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