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    Api I C2

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    This document is a syllabus for an industrial automation course that covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The syllabus outlines 3 chapters, with the second chapter focusing on an introduction to PLCs over 2 weeks. This chapter will cover the components, internal architecture, and functional structure of PLCs. It will also discuss input/output interfaces and interconnecting multiple PLCs. The document provides examples of automating a door and mixing motor using a PLC and relay logic. It also outlines the internal work principles of PLCs including input/output scanning and logic scanning.

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    Api I C2

    Uploaded by

    mihai37
    116 views31 pages
    This document is a syllabus for an industrial automation course that covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The syllabus outlines 3 chapters, with the second chapter focusing on an introduction to PLCs over 2 weeks. This chapter will cover the components, internal architecture, and functional structure of PLCs. It will also discuss input/output interfaces and interconnecting multiple PLCs. The document provides examples of automating a door and mixing motor using a PLC and relay logic. It also outlines the internal work principles of PLCs including input/output scanning and logic scanning.

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    API_I_C2

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    This document is a syllabus for an industrial automation course that covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The syllabus outlines 3 chapters, with the second chapter focusing on an introduction to PLCs over 2 weeks. This chapter will cover the components, internal architecture, and functional structure of PLCs. It will also discuss input/output interfaces and interconnecting multiple PLCs. The document provides examples of automating a door and mixing motor using a PLC and relay logic. It also outlines the internal work principles of PLCs including input/output scanning and logic scanning.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    116 views31 pages

    Api I C2

    Uploaded by

    mihai37
    This document is a syllabus for an industrial automation course that covers programmable logic controllers (PLCs). The syllabus outlines 3 chapters, with the second chapter focusing on an introduction to PLCs over 2 weeks. This chapter will cover the components, internal architecture, and functional structure of PLCs. It will also discuss input/output interfaces and interconnecting multiple PLCs. The document provides examples of automating a door and mixing motor using a PLC and relay logic. It also outlines the internal work principles of PLCs including input/output scanning and logic scanning.

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    You are on page 1of 31

    IST / DEEC / API

    MEEC 2011-2012

    Industrial Automation
    (Automao de Processos Industriais)

    Introduction to PLCs
    http://users.isr.ist.utl.pt/~jag/aulas/api1112/api1112.html
    Slides 2010/2011 Prof. Paulo Jorge Oliveira Rev. 2011/2012 Prof. Jos Gaspar

    Page 1

    IST / DEEC / API

    Industrial Automation

    Syllabus:
    Chap. 1 Introduction to Automation [1 week] ... Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs [2 weeks] Components of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs). Internal architecture and functional structure. Input / output interfaces. Interconnection of PLCs . ... Chap. 3 PLCs Programming Languages [2 weeks]

    Page 2

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Some resorces available online on PLCs


    History : Tutorial: http://www.plcs.net/chapters/history2.htm http://www.koldwater.com http://www.htservices.com/Tutorials/plctutorial1.htm http://www.sea.siemens.com/step/templates/lesson.mason?plcs:1:1:1 http://thelearningpit.com/plc/psim/psim.html http://www.keyence.com/plc/kvl.htm http://www.autoware.com/english/demo.htm SW used in lab, Schneider/SoCollaborative Unity Pro, has simulator Automatic Manufacturing Systems with PLCs, Hugh Jack (online version available) Programming Logic Controller s, Frank D. Petruzella ... http://www.plcopen.org/
    Page 3

    Simulators:

    Bibliography :

    Standards:

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    An Automation Example Solution based on PLCs


    Example: Automation of the Main Entrance Door, in PLCs Theory, [Omron]

    Page 4

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Example: Automation of the Main Entrance Door, in PLCs Theory, [Omron]


    Functional Specifications
    An automatic system that could command the opening and close of a door is the main purpose of these specifications. The command operation will be automatic and manual. There must be a selector with two positions in a front panel of command to select the mode of operation. The manual mode resorts to the use of two push buttons to open and close the door. Once the OPEN push button is pressed, the door will be opened until the operation is completed, as detected by a limit switch. Upon pushing the CLOSE button the door will be commanded to close, until the end of the operation is detected by other limit switch. The automatic mode of operation resorts to the use of two sensors, that detect the proximity of the users. When a person is detected the automatic opening of the door starts. The door remains open for a period from 5 to 20 seconds, following the null detection of the user. After that period the door starts to close. If during this last phase the presence of another user is detected the close operation is aborted and a new cycle of opening starts.

    Page 5

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Example: Automation of the Main Entrance Door, in PLCs Theory, [Omron]


    Technological Specifications
    The proximity sensor that detects the users must be of a model that can be installed over the door (one in the interior and other in the exterior), and must be based on the reflection of infrared radiations, with output by transistor. The sensor sensivity must be tuned such that its output becomes active if an user is at 2 meters of distance or less. The motor that activates the open and close of the door must be electrical , three-phase, ..., etc.

    Operating Specifications
    A key must be required to be used in the model of the automatic-manual selector. A counter of the number of operations should be incorporated in the solution, to identify when maintenance is required. The maintenance must be at each 10000 operations, ... etc

    Page 6

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Phases of a Project in EE&CS: (Automation included) Preliminary Study Preparation Execution Conclusion
    Specifications Technical solution choice Execution of techn. drawings Documentation Software development Installation Software installation Tests Start of operation Start of exploitation

    Page 7

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Automation Problems PLC based solutions


    To use PLCS the connection to input devices (for detection and sensing) and to output devices (for command and control) is required.

    Process Sensors Actuators Programmable Logic Controller


    A software program to implement the proposed solution will be implemented in the PLC.
    Page 8

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Architecture of PLCs

    Page 9

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Architecture of PLCs ... and internally, how is it implemented?


    Program

    Memory
    address data

    Input/output

    control

    Central Processing Unit


    Page 10

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Architecture of PLCs Types of PLCs rack

    mini

    micro

    Page 11

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Architecture of PLCs

    PLC

    Page 12

    IST / DEEC / API

    Problem [Petruzella96]: A mixer motor is to be used to automatically stir the liquid in a vat when the temperature and pressure reach preset values. In addition, direct manual operation of the motor is provided by means of a separate pushbutton station.

    Solution using the relay diagram:

    Page 13

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Architecture of PLCs

    Page 14

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of Programmable Logic Controllers

    Page 15

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of Programmable Logic Controllers


    Example: Command of a motor from a console with start and stop buttons.

    Page 16

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of Programmable Logic Controllers

    Page 17

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Internal structure and Work principles

    2 1

    4 5

    Page 18

    IST / DEEC / API

    Internal structure and work principles

    8.2.1 The Input and Output Scans When the inputs to the PLC are scanned the physical input values are copied into memory. When the outputs to a PLC are scanned they are copied from memory to the physical outputs. When the ladder logic is scanned it uses the values in memory, not the actual input or output values. The primary reason for doing this is so that if a program uses an input value in multiple places, a change in the input value will not invalidate the logic. Also, if output bits were changed as each bit was changed, instead of all at once at the end of the scan the PLC would operate much slower. [From Hugh Jack (PLCs book)]
    Page 19

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Internal structure and work principles

    Scan Cycle, Scan Period

    The inputs must be active for at least one scan cycle to have impact (no uncertainty) in the internal PLC state and indirectly in the outputs.
    Exception: interrupts...
    Page 20

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Internal structure and work principles


    Worst time Best time

    Q: Worst time interval for an input to have impact on an output (with probability one)?
    A: 2 * Scan Period

    Q: Smallest time interval (with probability greater than zero) that the change in one input can impact in one output?
    A: Scan Period Read Time Write Time = Execution Time

    Page 21

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Internal structure and work principles

    Horizontal scanning

    Vertical scanning

    Interface for inputs and outputs

    Scanning rungs...
    Page 22

    IST / DEEC / API

    8.2.2 The Logic Scan Ladder logic programs are modelled after relay logic. In relay logic each element in the ladder will switch as quickly as possible. But in a program elements can only be examines one at a time in a fixed sequence. Consider the ladder logic in Figure 8.4, the ladder logic will be interpreted left-to-right, top-to-bottom. In the figure the ladder logic scan begins at the top rung. At the end of the rung it interprets the top output first, then the output branched below it. On the second rung it solves branches, before moving along the ladder logic rung. [From Hugh Jack (PLCs book)]
    Page 23

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of Programmable Logic Controllers 1. Programming using specific devices

    OMRON console Page 24

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.1 AC input module (discrete)

    Page 25

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.1 AC input module: simplified implementation

    Electronic circuit Connections to the PLC terminals


    Page 26

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.2 AC output module (discrete)

    Page 27

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.2 AC output module (discrete)

    Circuito electrnico (simplificado)


    Page 28

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.3 DC input module (discrete)
    Relay

    Attention to:
    Galvanic isolation

    Economy Consumption Switching speed Noise imunity

    Transistor

    Opto-coupler

    Page 29

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of PLCs: Input and output interfaces 2.4 DC output module (discrete)
    Connections to terminals ...

    Relay

    ... and protections.

    Transistor

    Page 30

    IST / DEEC / API

    Chap. 2 Introduction to PLCs

    Components of Programmable Logic Controllers 3. Power sources


    Attention to:

    Isolation to the noise Isolation relative to disturbances on the network Efficiency Consumption Size (volume and weight) Robustness relative to load variations
    Page 31

    Switching power sources

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