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    Notes in Genetics

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    Renz L. Salumbre
    This document summarizes key concepts from two genetics textbooks published in 1962. It defines genetic mutation as a heritable alteration in genotype that can result in changes to phenotype. Visible mutations are phenotypic alterations affecting morphology, like eye color in fruit flies. Other mutations are lethal, biochemical, or cause structural additions. Experiments with fruit flies can determine if a mutation is recessive, dominant, or sex-linked by examining phenotypes in the F1 and F2 generations of crosses. A single mutant gene can potentially have multiple phenotypic effects.

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    Notes in Genetics

    Uploaded by

    Renz L. Salumbre
    352 views2 pages
    This document summarizes key concepts from two genetics textbooks published in 1962. It defines genetic mutation as a heritable alteration in genotype that can result in changes to phenotype. Visible mutations are phenotypic alterations affecting morphology, like eye color in fruit flies. Other mutations are lethal, biochemical, or cause structural additions. Experiments with fruit flies can determine if a mutation is recessive, dominant, or sex-linked by examining phenotypes in the F1 and F2 generations of crosses. A single mutant gene can potentially have multiple phenotypic effects.

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    Notes on Mutation for undergraduate Genetics Laboratory

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    This document summarizes key concepts from two genetics textbooks published in 1962. It defines genetic mutation as a heritable alteration in genotype that can result in changes to phenotype. Visible mutations are phenotypic alterations affecting morphology, like eye color in fruit flies. Other mutations are lethal, biochemical, or cause structural additions. Experiments with fruit flies can determine if a mutation is recessive, dominant, or sex-linked by examining phenotypes in the F1 and F2 generations of crosses. A single mutant gene can potentially have multiple phenotypic effects.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    352 views2 pages

    Notes in Genetics

    Uploaded by

    Renz L. Salumbre
    This document summarizes key concepts from two genetics textbooks published in 1962. It defines genetic mutation as a heritable alteration in genotype that can result in changes to phenotype. Visible mutations are phenotypic alterations affecting morphology, like eye color in fruit flies. Other mutations are lethal, biochemical, or cause structural additions. Experiments with fruit flies can determine if a mutation is recessive, dominant, or sex-linked by examining phenotypes in the F1 and F2 generations of crosses. A single mutant gene can potentially have multiple phenotypic effects.

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    Notes

    Genetics by R. P. Levine
    Published by Holt, Rinehart and Winston, Inc. : USA, 1962

    Gene- genetic material can undergo some sort of change so that its action results in
    the production of altered phenoytpe.

    Mutation may arise spontaneously within “pure lines” of organisms.

    Definition:
    An event that gives rise to a heritable alteration in the genotype.

    In Drosophila melanogaster white-eye phenotype results from the inability of the


    organism to synthesize the red and brown eye pigments char. of wild-type flies.
     Example of visible mutation

    Visible mutation – phenotypic effects of which the alterations is seen as an alteration


    in the organism’s morphology
    Ex.
    Dominant – Bar eye
    Recessive – White eye

    Visible mutations represent the loss of some essential function or structure

    Other mutations lead to the addition of structures or an extreme modification.

    Lethal mutations cause the death of the organism and many represent the loss or
    alteration of a function essential during embryonic development of the organisms.
    --Usually chromosomal mutations.

    Biochemical mutations represent the loss of a specific function (loss of ability to


    synthesize an essential metabolite)
    --Underlying cause of visible and lethal mutations

    Experiments in Genetics with Drosophila by Monroe W. Strickberger


    Published by John Wiley and Sons, Inc : New York, 1962

    Localizing an Unknown Mutant


    -enables the prediction of mutan behavior in any crosses that are made, allows the
    comparison between mutants at similar loci and permits the establishment of useful
    multimutant stocks

    Recessive or Dominant
    • In the F1 of a cross between the mutant strain and almost any other
    stock which is wild type for that particular mutation
    o If F1 shows mutant phenotypeDominant
    o If NoneRecessive
    Sex Linked Recessive or Dominant
    • If the cross between mutant females and males of a different stock
    produces an F1 where only the males are mutant, SEX-LINKED
    RECESSIVE
    o F1 females are consequently carrying 2 different parental X
    chromosomes which are free to cross over between the three
    different loci
     If females permitted to mate with their brothers (cv and
    f) the F2 males will show the recombinant classes and
    provide linkage distances
    • SEX-LINKED Dominant
    o Can be determined by crossing the males carrying the dominant
    to females of a different stock
     Will only appear in females of this cross
     F2 females will also show the recombinant classes

    EFFECTS OF SINGLE MUTANTS


    Usually, occurrence of a change in a single phenotypic character
    Pleitropism- numerous phenotypic effects of a single gene

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