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    Calculation of Electrical Induction Near Power Lines

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    1) The document discusses the calculation of electrical induction near power lines, specifically the calculation of electric fields and induced currents in human bodies. 2) It describes empirical and Boundary Element Method (BEM) approaches to determine the induced current, comparing results between the two methods. 3) The empirical method uses approximations based on object shape and size to quickly calculate induced currents, while the BEM method uses Maxwell's equations for a more accurate but computationally expensive solution.

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    Calculation of Electrical Induction Near Power Lines

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    alpcruz
    168 views22 pages
    1) The document discusses the calculation of electrical induction near power lines, specifically the calculation of electric fields and induced currents in human bodies. 2) It describes empirical and Boundary Element Method (BEM) approaches to determine the induced current, comparing results between the two methods. 3) The empirical method uses approximations based on object shape and size to quickly calculate induced currents, while the BEM method uses Maxwell's equations for a more accurate but computationally expensive solution.

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    1) The document discusses the calculation of electrical induction near power lines, specifically the calculation of electric fields and induced currents in human bodies. 2) It describes empirical and Boundary Element Method (BEM) approaches to determine the induced current, comparing results between the two methods. 3) The empirical method uses approximations based on object shape and size to quickly calculate induced currents, while the BEM method uses Maxwell's equations for a more accurate but computationally expensive solution.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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    Download as pdf or txt
    168 views22 pages

    Calculation of Electrical Induction Near Power Lines

    Uploaded by

    alpcruz
    1) The document discusses the calculation of electrical induction near power lines, specifically the calculation of electric fields and induced currents in human bodies. 2) It describes empirical and Boundary Element Method (BEM) approaches to determine the induced current, comparing results between the two methods. 3) The empirical method uses approximations based on object shape and size to quickly calculate induced currents, while the BEM method uses Maxwell's equations for a more accurate but computationally expensive solution.

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    CALCULATION OF ELECTRICAL INDUCTION NEAR POWER LINES

    Direction Expertise et Support Technique de Transport Lignes, Cbles et environnement Prepared by : Richard Lehoux, ing. richard_lehoux@hydro.qc.ca

    May 2008

    Scope of the presentation


    1. 2.

    Calculation of Electric Field Electric field induction in a human body


    1. 2. 3.

    IEEE Std80-2000 (Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding) EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute) CSA (Canadian Standard Association) CSA HQT (Hydro-Qubec Transnergie) Empirical Boundary Element Method (BEM)

    3.

    Design criteria
    1. 2.

    4.

    Methods of determining induced current


    1. 2.

    5.

    Comparison results: Empirical versus BEM


    2
    CEA EMF WORKHOP May 13th 2008

    Electric field induction in a human body


    Range of tolerable current in a human body IEEE Std 80-2000, Article 5.2 "Effect of magnitude and duration"
    1mA: threshold of perception 1-6 mA: unpleasant to sustain 10.5 mA: threshold for women let-go currents 16 mA: threshold for men let-go currents Note: the duration of the fault is infinite

    Range of tolerable current in a human body EPRI "TRANSMISSION LINE REFERENCE BOOK", Chapter 8, "Field effect of overhead transmission lines and stations", Article 8.10 "Electric-field induction in people", paragraph "Response to steady-State Currents"
    5 mA: let-go values for children for a probability of 0.5% have been conservatively estimated as equal to 5 mA threshold of perception

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Electric field induction in a human body


    CSAC22.3 No.1-06, Article A.5.3.1 "Vertical desing clearances of wires and conductors above ground or rails and Tables 2 and 4"
    5 mA: let-go currents

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Design criteria Height of conductors


    CSA calculation criteria Article : A5.3.1
    Based on the worst-case condition :
    Vehicle is insulated from the ground by rubber tires Person contacting the vehicle is touching or standing on a well-grounded surface Induced current in all cases is below 5 mA (Let-go currents) Maximum line to ground voltage
    23 m

    5 mA

    4,15 m

    HQT
    Use CSA design criteria

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Methods of determining induced current


    Two methods are available at HQT to determine the induced current (5 mA let-go) in a human body Empirical method (EPRI)
    Easy, fast, cheap, approximate

    Boundary Element Method (Maxwell's Equations)


    Expensive, accurate

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Empirical method
    Method of approximating induced current in objects close to ground EPRI "TRANSMISSION LINE REFERENCE BOOK"
    Chapter 8, "Field effects of overhead transmission lines and stations" Method of approximating calculation of current induced on objects close to the ground Empirical method for rectangular shape
    Figure 8.8.2 "Shape for a rectangular solids" (The shape is collecting electrical charge)

    Many others shape available


    Horizontal / Vertical cylinder Flat plate House Horse Etc.

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Empirical method
    Sizes of vehicles (m) Length Article C22.3-01-06 Truck A5.3.1 2003 2006 HQ 2003 Width 2006 HQ 2003 Height 2006 HQ

    15.2

    23.0

    23.0

    2.4

    2.6

    2,6

    4.15

    4.15

    4,15

    Large farm Train

    A5.3.1 A5.3.1 (example 4)

    7.6

    7.6

    7.6

    2.4

    2.4

    2.4

    4.15

    4.15

    4.5 *

    4000.0

    6.706

    * : Height used by HQT


    8
    CEA EMF WORKHOP May 13th 2008

    Empirical method - Exemple : Truck


    Calculation with EPRI method to get 5 mA induced in a human body Size of the truck : Length (A): 23 m Width (B) : 2.6m Height (H) : 4.15m Center : 4.15/2 = 2.08 Ratio : A/B : 23/2.6=9.62 H/B : 4.15/2.6=1.6 With abacus : S/(A*B)=S/(23*2.6)=5.1 S=304.9 5mA=S*E/300 (E: Electric field) E=(5mA*300)/304.9=4.9kV/m at 2.08m (center of vehicle) See slide 14 to determine height of conductors
    May 13th 2008

    H/B

    S/(AB)

    5.1

    1.6

    A/B 9
    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    9.62

    Empirical method - Exemple : Large Farm vehicle - HQT


    Calculation with EPRI to get 5 mA induced in a human body Size of the Large Farm Vehicle : Length (A) : 7.6 m Width (B) : 2.4m Height (H) : 4.5m (HQT - Study) Center : 4.5/2=2.25m H/B Ratio : A/B : 7.6/2.4=3.2 H/B : 4.5/2.4=1.9 With abacus : S/(A*B)= 8 S=8(7.6*2.4)=146 5mA = S*E/300 (E: Electric field) E=(5mA*300)/146=10.3kV/m at 2.25m (center of vehicle) See slide 14 to determine height of conductors
    May 13th 2008

    S/(AB)

    8.0
    1.9

    3.2
    10
    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    A/B

    Empirical method - Exemple : Large Farm vehicle - CSA


    Calculation with EPRI to get 5 mA induced in a human body Size of the Large Farm Vehicle : Length (A) : 7.6 m Width (B) : 2.4m Height (H) : 4.15m (CSA) Center : 4.15/2=2.08m H/B Ratio : A/B : 7.6/2.4=3.2 H/B : 4.15/2.4=1.73 With abacus : S/(A*B)= 7 S=8(7.6*2.4)=129 5mA = S*E/300 (E: Electric field) E=(5mA*300)/129=11.6kV/m at 2.25m (center of vehicle) See slide 14 to determine height of conductors
    May 13th 2008

    S/(AB)

    7.0

    1.9

    3.2
    11
    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    A/B

    Calculation of Electric Field


    The electric field is determined by these parameters :
    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

    Voltage Distance between phases Diameter of conductors Number of conductors per bundle Presence of overhead ground wire Distance of conductors from the ground

    Software available to calculate the electric field :

    CDEGS of SES (Package : MultiField - 38 k$ - Available on market) Coulomb (3D Electric Field Solver Used by IREQ - Available on market) Expomag (In house software HQ)

    12

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Calculation of Electric Field


    FAA TOWER - 735 kV /

    Electro-mechanicals specifications 1 circuit Conductors


    4 per bundles : 3.556 cm Distances between 765 kV

    Voltage max

    Overhead ground wire


    Quantity : 2 : 1.27cm

    13

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Calculation of Electric Field


    Electric field 735 kV (FAA Tower) Conductors at rest
    735 kV Electric Field
    kV/m

    12 10 8 6
    Max. Elec. field: 4.9 kV/m - Truck Max. Elec. field: 10.3 kV/m Large Farm Vehicle
    Height of conductors

    21.0 m 13.4 m

    4 2 0 0
    Center of the ROW

    12

    16

    20 m

    24

    28

    32

    36

    HQT ROW (80 m) < 2 kV/m

    14

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Boundary Element Method (BEM)


    Equivalent circuit of a truck near a power lines

    Isc = 5 mA Human body Represented by a 1 k


    Modelization done by IREQ (Alain Turgeon)

    15

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    BEM Example Truck parallel to the line


    Capacitive induction simulation for a truck located at 17 meters of the center line and parallel to conductors 735 kV with FAA towers
    Height of conductors simulation : 21 - 22 - 23 - 24 Height of conductors
    5

    kV/m
    17 m

    4.5

    3.5

    2.5

    Example of an electric profile field

    1.5

    2,6 m

    0.5

    5 mA
    0 10

    4,15 m
    20 30 40 50

    0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10

    ROW
    16
    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    15,7

    18,3

    May 13th 2008

    BEM Example Truck parallel

    Height of conductors Ca-t (pF) 3,03 3,19 3,33 3,45

    Capacitances Cb-t (pF) 15,8 15,4 15,0 14,6 Cc-t (pF) 43,4 40,6 38,0 35,6 Ct-g (pF) 1,46 1,46 1,46 1,46

    Current in a human body ISC (ma) 5,96 5,51 5,09 4,71

    (m)

    To limit the current in a human body at 5 mA the height of conductors must be higher than 23.2 m

    21 22 23 24

    17

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    BEM Exemple Truck perpendicular to line


    Capacitive induction simulation for a truck located perpendicular to conductors 735 kV with FAA towers
    Height of conductors simulation : 17 - 18 - 19 - 20 Height of conductors kV/m

    Example of an electric profile field


    1

    23 m

    5 mA
    0 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20

    4,15 m
    30 40 50

    ROW
    18
    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    5,5

    28,5

    May 13th 2008

    BEM Example Truck perpendicular


    Height of conductors Current in a human body Ct-g (pF) 1,44 1,45 1,45 1,45 ISC (mA) 6,54 6,05 5,58 5,18

    Capacitances

    (m)

    Ca-t (pF) 4,19 4,36 4,52 4,65

    Cb-t (pF) 21,2 20,3 19,5 18,7

    Cc-t (pF) 49,1 45,9 42,9 40,3

    To limit the current in a human body at 5 mA the height of conductors must be higher than 20.5 m

    17 18 19 20

    19

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Comparison results: Empirical versus BEM

    Height of conductors 735 kV FAA tower Empirical Method (m) 21 BEM Method (m) 20.5 perpendicular 23.2 parallel HQT chose empirical method for it's in house standard BEM method permitted HQT to check the accuracy of empirical method

    20

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

    Empirical method HQT results

    Nominal Voltage (kV)

    TOWER

    MINIMUM HEIGHT OF CONDUCTORS (m) TRUCK (Electric Field : 4.9 kV/m) LARGE FARM VEHICULE (Electric Field : 10.3 kV/m)

    735 315 315 230 230 161

    FAA EOA EFK DPD DAD BBA

    Single circuit Double circuit Single circuit Double circuit Single circuit Double circuit

    21 9.7 10.6 6.7 3.8 5.1

    13.8 <7.25 * 7 <6.2 * <6.2 * <5.8 *

    * : Height of conductors are determined by "Flashover-to-ground" not by induced current


    21
    CEA EMF WORKHOP May 13th 2008

    ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

    Daniel Goulet, Ph. D. Alain Turgeon, P. Eng. M. Sc. A.

    22

    CEA EMF WORKHOP

    May 13th 2008

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