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    Thermodynamic Model of Safety Valve With Test Conditions

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    nirmal_subudhi
    The document discusses a thermodynamic model of a safety valve under test conditions. The model treats the entire test facility and valve as a system and applies the laws of conservation of mass and energy. The model accounts for variations in pressure, temperature, and mass flow throughout the upstream piping, control valve, and downstream piping. It also includes equations to model the mass flow through the upstream control valve and the lifting forces on the safety valve disc from pressure and springs.

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    Thermodynamic Model of Safety Valve With Test Conditions

    Uploaded by

    nirmal_subudhi
    55 views2 pages
    The document discusses a thermodynamic model of a safety valve under test conditions. The model treats the entire test facility and valve as a system and applies the laws of conservation of mass and energy. The model accounts for variations in pressure, temperature, and mass flow throughout the upstream piping, control valve, and downstream piping. It also includes equations to model the mass flow through the upstream control valve and the lifting forces on the safety valve disc from pressure and springs.

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    part5

    Original Title

    Vibration+chattering5.pdf

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    The document discusses a thermodynamic model of a safety valve under test conditions. The model treats the entire test facility and valve as a system and applies the laws of conservation of mass and energy. The model accounts for variations in pressure, temperature, and mass flow throughout the upstream piping, control valve, and downstream piping. It also includes equations to model the mass flow through the upstream control valve and the lifting forces on the safety valve disc from pressure and springs.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views2 pages

    Thermodynamic Model of Safety Valve With Test Conditions

    Uploaded by

    nirmal_subudhi
    The document discusses a thermodynamic model of a safety valve under test conditions. The model treats the entire test facility and valve as a system and applies the laws of conservation of mass and energy. The model accounts for variations in pressure, temperature, and mass flow throughout the upstream piping, control valve, and downstream piping. It also includes equations to model the mass flow through the upstream control valve and the lifting forces on the safety valve disc from pressure and springs.

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    IAHR WG Meeting on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, Brno

    5. THERMODYNAMIC MODEL OF SAFETY VALVE WITH TEST CONDITIONS In compressible flow, the fast unsteady effects are considered not significant. Indeed, because of compressibility of air and gas in general, the unsteady effects are not taken into account. Moreover, the pipe and the control valve downstream involve a capacity to fill and then to create a back pressure. When the equilibrium is not reached, it might cause chattering that could be destructive for the safety valve. To understand the dynamic behaviour during a test with or without back pressure, the whole test facilities and the valve have been modelled as shown in the figure [Fig.10].
    Kv2

    Kd V1

    L, D

    Spring

    Viscouse damping Dry friction

    Kv1 V2

    Disc

    Nozzle

    Fig.10: Simplified test rig and simple valve model The law of conservation of mass and energy applied to the entire system with considering the air as a perfect gas allows to describe the variation of the pressure and temperature as here under [7]:

    dP1 1 dQ1 = q m rT1 + dt V1 V1 dt dT1 rT 2 T dP = qm 1 + 1 1 dt V1 P1 P1 dt dP2 P dT2 r = (q m q s )T2 2 dt V2 T2 dt dT2 rT2 = (q m q s ) T1 T2 1 T2 dQ 2 dt P2 V2 V 2 P2 dt

    (7)

    The masse flow through the upstream control valve is given by the following equations [8] Eq.(8):
    qm =

    P1 A
    arT1

    if

    P2 b P1
    1

    P2 a A 2 qm = 2P P1 2 P if P > b rT1 1

    (8)

    IAHR WG Meeting on Cavitation and Dynamic Problems in Hydraulic Machinery and Systems, Brno

    The coefficient takes in account the flow coefficient KV as following :

    KV 4 10 4 Dv
    2

    (9)

    The disc of the safety valve is subjected on the one hand to the pressure forces and on the other hand to the force applied by the spring. The lifting of the valve is governed by the following equation:
    m d 2x + FF + kx = F p dt 2

    (10)

    The two terms most difficult to explain are the friction forces FF and pressure forces FP. Regarding the pressure forces, as shown in section 4.3 starting from the numerical simulation results, it is possible to consider two separate cases heard to simplify the calculations. Case 1: flow through the "curtain area" When the lifting is less than a quarter of the diameter of the nozzle, the chocked flow is located on a "curtain area" as shown in the figure [Fig.11]. The pressure on the inner disc is then equal to the pressure generator (this means that any losses in the nozzle and the upstream pipe are neglected). The pressure effort that occurs when the valve is open :
    FP = P2 S1 Pb S 0
    Sonic blocking
    Blocage sonique

    D1

    (11)

    Fig.11: The critical pressures ration occurs in the lateral area between the nozzle and the disc - "curtain area"

    Case 2: flow through the cross section of the nozzle. When the upstream pressure increases, the valve reaches a lift that is superior to one-fourth the diameter of the nozzle, the minimum is not the "curtain area" but the cross section of the nozzle itself. The shocked flow is located as following [Fig.12]. The force applied by the gas jet is taken into account as indicated by the following equation:
    FP = P2' S1 Pb S 0

    (12)

    Where the pressure P2 is given by


    1 2 P2' = P2 +1

    Fig.12: The critical pressures ration occurs both in the nozzle and in the lateral area between the nozzle and the disc -

    (13)

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