Respiration 2

Respiration
1. Gaseous exchange in alveoli 2. Cellular respiration
Gaseous Exchange in the Alveolus
Film of moisture
Epithelium of alveolus
To pulmonary vein
Gaseous Exchange in the Lungs

Diffusion gradient with higher oxygen concentration in alveolar air and higher carbon dioxide concentration in blood maintained by:
Continuous
flow of blood through blood
capillaries Breathing air in and out of alveoli
Gaseous Exchange in the Alveolus

Oxygen dissolves in the film of moisture lining alveolar walls Dissolved oxygen diffuses into blood and binds with haemoglobin HbO8 (oxyhaemoglobin) Hb + 4 O2 Reaction shifts right in the lungs where oxygen concentration is high Reaction shifts left in oxygen-poor tissues
Gaseous Exchange in Alveolus

Movement of carbon dioxide Tissue cells
Blood plasma Lungs
Forms hydrogen carbonate ions HCO3- ions convert back to CO2, diffuse out of blood capillaries
Alveolar cavities
Did you know?
The total surface area of the alveoli (tiny air sacs in the lungs) is the size of a tennis court! At rest, a person breathes about 14 to 16 times per minute. After exercise it could increase to over 60 times per minute. New babies at rest breathe between 40 and 50 times per minute. By age five it decreases to around 25 times per minute. The lungs are the only organ in the body that can float on water.
What is respiration?
Definition Respiration is the metabolic process in living animals and plants in which organic substances are broken down to simpler products with the release of energy. This is incorporated into special energy carrying molecules called ATP and is subsequently used for other metabolic processes. Energy liberated is needed for the energy using process of the organism
Various forms of Respiration

2 forms of Respiration (in Man)
.
Aerobic Requires Oxygen Releases a large amount of energy Releases carbon dioxide and water as waste product
Anaerobic Does not require Oxygen Releases a small amount of energy Releases lactic acid as waste product
Aerobic respiration
is
The oxidation of food substances in the presence of oxygen with the release of a large amount of energy. And carbon dioxide and water are released as waste products Takes place in mitochondria
Overall equation of aerobic respiration

is
C6H12O6 +
6O2
6CO2
6H2O
large amount of energy

(38 ATP)
glucose
oxygen
carbon dioxide
water
C6H12O6
+ 6
O2
CO2
+ 6
H 2O +
ENERGY
Aerobic respiration
Takes place mainly in the mitochondria. (aerobic respiration)
Aerobic Respiration
Word Equation Glucose + Oxygen = Carbon Dioxide + Water + ENERGY Chemical Equation
What is energy needed for
Synthesis of proteins from AA Building up of protoplasm for growth Heartbeat Respiratory movements
Uses of energy
Muscular contractions Cell division
Active transport
Transmission of nervous impulses
Maintain body temperature.
Anaerobic respiration
can occur in
Muscle cells
Yeast
http://anatomy.iupui.edu/courses/histo_D 502/D502f03/f03_labs/Lab5/s59100x.jpg
http://diverge.hunter.cuny.edu/~weigan g/Images/12-03_buddingyeast_1.jpg
Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

occurs due to
Oxygen debt
occurs due to
Insufficient oxygen in the muscle cells to meet the demands of vigorous muscular contractions
Vigorous muscular contractions

leads to
Oxygen debt
leads to
produces
Extra small amount of energy
Lactic acid Fatigue
leads to
Muscular pains
Lactic acid
is removed in
Liver (during periods of rest)

converts
Lactic acid Glucose

(in presence of oxygen) Lactic acid is oxidized to produce energy
This energy converts remaining lactic acid to glucose

When lactic acid is used up, oxygen debt is repaid
Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

is
The breakdown of food substances in the absence of oxygen with the release of a small amount of energy. And lactic acid is produced in the process. Takes place in the cytoplasm.
Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

is
C6H12O6
2C3H6O3
small amount of energy

(2 ATP)
glucose
lactic acid
Anaerobic respiration in yeast

is also known as
Alcoholic fermentation
is
The partial breakdown of glucose. Ethanol is produced in the process.
Yeast & Bacteriaalcohol fermentation Glucose partially broken down into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) , CO2 & little energy.
Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in yeast

is
glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy
Used in bread-making Used in wine-making

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Respiration

1. Gaseous exchange in alveoli 2. Cellular respiration

Gaseous Exchange in the Alveolus

Gaseous Exchange in the Lungs

flow of blood through blood

capillaries Breathing air in and out of alveoli

Gaseous Exchange in the Alveolus

Gaseous Exchange in Alveolus

Did you know?

Various forms of Respiration

Overall equation of aerobic respiration

large amount of energy

What is energy needed for

Muscular contractions Cell division

Maintain body temperature.

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

Vigorous muscular contractions

Extra small amount of energy

Lactic acid Fatigue

Liver (during periods of rest)

Lactic acid Glucose

This energy converts remaining lactic acid to glucose

Anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in muscle cells

small amount of energy

Anaerobic respiration in yeast

The partial breakdown of glucose. Ethanol is produced in the process.

Overall equation of anaerobic respiration in yeast

glucose ethanol + carbon dioxide + small amount of energy

Used in bread-making Used in wine-making

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