DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAMS

Ok ahmmm... We have to classify the problem whether an analysis or a design problem. This is again
a section subject to a positive moment wherein you have tension at the bottom and compression at the
top. So you have your tension bar A
S
and your compression bar A
S
, your distances d and dand of
course the width b although not indicated here. For analysis, the actual situation is we divide this into
two couples (M
1
and M
2
) where the first couple is composed of the force C
C
which is the concrete
compression resultant treated as a rectangle with a corresponding tension force that will have to be equal
to C
c
from the equilibrium equation that the summation of forces must be equal to zero. In USD, it is
easy to determine the location of the compression resultant because the stress distribution is rectangular
with a uniform stress of 0.85f
C
. This C
c
is in the center of the rectangle, so if the height of the rectangle
is a C
C
will be acting at a distance
2
a
from the top, therefore this will give you a level arm of
2
a
d
. So the force multiplied by this level arm gives you the Nominal Moment M
1
. You have to this; you
have a couple made of a compression steel C
S
with a corresponding tension force T
S2.
The level arm will
be just the difference of d and d. That level arm multiplied by the force C
S
will give you the second
couple M
2.
As usual you have to use the strain diagram. Always, the strain of concrete is 0.003 (ultimate
stress design). Meaning this is the limit design and you want to know the capacity of the compression
bar if it will fail. And this will happen when concrete crushes because steel just like tira-tira will just
keep on elongating even if it had already yielded. When the strain here becomes 0.003, then you have
the Ultimate stage. The analysis working equations are again taken from the basic equation from the
summation of forces be equal to zero where C
S
+ C
C
= T
S
where T
S
is made up of T
S1
and T
S2
corresponding to C
S
and C
C.
Again, take note from this drawing that T
S1
= A
S1
f
y
and T
S2
=A
S2
f
y.
In USD,
what makes it simpler is that the stress in the tension bar is equal to f
y
so it always have to be under
reinforced as prescribed by the code to ensure ductile failure. Therefore, laging mag-yi-yield ang tension
bars. REQUIREMENT NG CODE YAN!!!! SO STRESS an is always f
y
. To continue, T
S
=A
S
f
y
and A
S
of course is made up of A
S1
and A
S2
because the stresses here are equal. C
C
is 0.85f
C
ab, C
S
=A
S
f
S
. From
similar triangles
'
003 . 0
d c c
SC

, so you will have

003 . 0 *
'
c
d c
SC


. If the strain of the steel is less
than the yield strain, it will follow the Hookes Law. But if the strain of the steel is greater than the yield
strain, again as I have said, you are in the flat portion; your stress will be equal to f
y
. You can skip the
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
step of comparing the strain. Instead, what you can do is simply compute this formula for the stress of
the compression steel and then check whether it is greater than the f
y
or not. If it is greater than f
y
,

then
nag-yield siya. Sa excel, min [E*, f
y
]. Again, according to the procedure that we followed sa WSD, C
C
+ C
S
= 0.85f
c
[ab A
s
] + A
S
f
sc
{ ito ang meaning niya 0.85 fc times the concrete area (a*b) minus
the area occupied by the compression bar}. Rearranging, you now have 0.85f
c
(ab) + A
S
(f
sc
-0.85f
c
).
With this you are now dealing with the solid rectangle and theoretically a solid circle. Therefore the
analysis for this is a de-kahon na procedure, given everything including the section dimension. Take
note, ang first choice ninyo is singly, dahil pareho lang ng design at pareho lng ng bayad. So only when
you are forced na magdodoubly kayo unless, dagdagan ang bayad mo at magba-value engineering ka
then you can exert an extra effort. In reality, ang beam ninyo ay may top bars and bottom bars according
to the code, minimum ang 2 sa taas at 2 sa baba otherwise wala kang pagtatalian ng stirrups mo.
) c ' f 85 . 0 s(f A' c(ab) 0.85f'
f s A' s] A' - c[ab 0.85f' C C
zone, concrete in the bars n compressio by the displaced e area/volum concrete he consider t to : note
fy f
E f if

E
fy
strain) (yield Also,
0.003 *
c
d' - c

: iangles similar tr from
fs A' C cab, 0.85f' C fy; A T
: Where
T C C 0 F
ANALYSIS
sc
sc s c
sc y sc
sc s sc y sc
s
y
sc
s s c s s
s c s
+
+ +





+

>
<
Ok... Your first step is to solve for max

. You dont have to compute the

min
anymore. For this to be a
candidate for doubly, kailangan marami ang tension bars. This is an analysis problem, given ang A
S
, if
actual

< max

then you can analyze it as singly because the tension reinforcements are not that much,
kayang-kaya siyang i-match nung concrete (C
C
) hindi na kailangan ng tulong ng A
S
para lang
balansehin yung A
S
. Pag sinuswerte kau, then analyze it as singly. But when we say na iaanalyze sa
singly, it doesnt mean na hindi na i-che-check ang
min
, kailangan lagpas xa sa
min
, otherwise you
still have brittle failure. BUT!!!!!!!!! PAG MINAMALAS-MALAS KAYO and your
actual

>
max

,
then you have to analyze it as doubly If it is doubly, you have to compute for the
'
which is
equal to
bd
A
S
'
and then check the difference between this and the
'
which you have to compare with
max

(paki-open ang code please page 4-35 article 410.4.3 last sentence).
Classmates, yung iba ay self explanatory na lang. Binasa na lang ni sir ung
formula at ung iba ay previous transcription natin. Mapapamahal kasi kung
madami ang ipiprint, nakakawindang lang naman basahin.
ANALYSIS:
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( )
[ ]
( ) ( ) 0 ' ' 600 ' ' 85 . 0 ' 600 f A ' 85 . 0
) ( ' 85 . 0 ) 600 )( ' ( ' ' 85 . 0 f A
) ( ' 85 . 0 ) 600 (
'
' ' 85 . 0 f A
) ' 85 . 0 ( ' ) ( ' 85 . 0 f A
0
600 *
'
003 . 0 *
'
200000
003 . 0 *
'

yield) not do bars on (compressi f f If 8.)
) d' - c)(d 0.85f' - s(fy A' )
2
a
- (d cab f' 0.85 90 . 0 Mn Mu
confirmed) is n (assumptio If 7.)
600 *
' a
c
c(b) 0.85f'
c) 0.85f' - s(fy A' - Asfy
a
) ' 85 . 0 ( ' ) ( ' 85 . 0
C
c) 0.85f' - f f yield, bars n compressio ( Assume .) 6
As As use ! ok ) ' - (
)bd ( As ' use ) ' - ( if 5.)
s/bd A' ' 4.)
: Doubly For
doubly
singly if 3.)
As/bd .) 2
1.)
: Solution
Mn Mu : Find
c f' fy, s, A' As, , d' d, b, Given
Y S
2
1
2
1 Y S
1 Y S
Y S
sc sc
1 sc
y sc
y sc
1
C
y sc y sc
act max
max max max
max
max
max
+
+
1
]
1

,
_

+
+
+

,
_

,
_

<
1
]
1

+ +

d A c cA f A c b c f
c c f d c A bc c f c
c by side both multiply c f
c
d c
A bc c f
c f f A ab c f
C C T
F
c
d c
f
c
d c
E f
c a
c
d c
c
d c
f
c f fy s A Asfy ab c f
C T
S S S
S
S
sc S
S C S
sc
s
SC
S S

A
S
I
D
E
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
( )( )
1
]
1

+
,
_

+ t

' ' 85 . 0 '

2
) ' 85 . 0 ( 90 . 0
2A
4 B B
c
' A' 600 C
' ' 85 . 0 ' 600 f A B
' 85 . 0 :
2
S
Y S
1
d d c f f A
a
d cab f Mn Mu
yield not do bars n compressio If
AC
d
cA f A
b c f A Let
sc S
S S

DESIGN :
(Doubly) R
MPa is R of unit : note (Singly) R
bd
Mu
R 3.)
c ' f 7 . 1
fy
* - 1 fy R 2.)
, 1.)
: Solution
s A' & As : Find
d' moment), (design Mu fy, c, f' d, b, : Given
max
max
2
max max max
max 1
>
<

,
_

fy As c) 0.85f' - s(fy A'
fy f If
c) 0.85f' - (fy
fy As
s A' If .) 12
fy As c) 0.85f' - s(f A' T c
E f If
c) -0.85f' (E
fy As
s A' If .) 11
E
fy
& 0.003
c
d' - c
.) 10
a
c 9.)
cb 0.85f'
fy As
a .) 8
As As As 7.)
) d' - fy(d
M
As .) 6
M
Mu
M 5.)
bd A bd R M 4.)
: Doubly For
2
sc y sc
2
y sc
2 sc s2 s
sc s sc y sc
sc s
2
y sc
s
y sc
1
1
2 1
2
2
1 2
max s1
2
max 1

SAMPLE PROBLEM:
A
S
I
D
E
2
2
L
M 8
w
8
wL
max M

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Determine the maximum W
L
that the beam can carry if W
DL
= 10 kN/m.
fc =28Mpa using Grade 60 bars.
Solution:
()
()
()() []
()()
()()
m kN
W W
W
m kN
L
M
W
m kN Mu
Mu
d d c f fy s A
a
d cab f Mu
confirmed is assumption
x x
x
doubly
x bd
As
D u
LL
u
y sc
y
sc
/ 952 . 35
7 . 1
) 10 * 4 . 1 ( 119 . 75
7 . 1
4 . 1
/ 119 . 75
8
95 . 600 * 8 8
95 . 600
) 10 ( 460 28 * 85 . 0 414 12 . 402
2
24 . 192
530 300 * 24 . 192 * 28 * 85 . 0 90 . 0
' ' 85 . 0 '
2
' 85 . 0
) ( .) 7
00207 . 0
200000
414
0020715 . 0 003 . 0 *
17 . 226
70 17 . 226
6.)
17 . 226
85 . 0
24 . 192 a
c
mm. 192.24
300 28 85 . 0
28 85 . 0 414 12 . 402 3694.5x414
a
A A
0.020707 0.002591 - 0.023236 ' - 5.)
0.002591
300x530
402.12
' 4.)
mm 12 . 402 16
4
2 s A' 3.)

023236 . 0
530 300
5 . 3694

mm 3694.5 28
4
6 As 2.)

0.85 1.)
2 2
6
1
actual S S
max
2 2
max
2 2
021686 . 0 414
0.85x28
414 600
600 ) (0.75x0.85
1
max
max

1
]
1

+
,
_

1
]
1

+
,
_

>

<


,
_

>


,
_

,
_
,
_

()
()
()() []
()()
()()
m / kN 952 . 35
7 . 1
) 10 * 4 . 1 ( 119 . 75
7 . 1
W 4 . 1 W
W
m / kN 119 . 75
8
95 . 600 * 8
L
M 8
W
m kN 95 . 600 Mu
) 10 ( 460 28 * 85 . 0 414 12 . 402
2
24 . 192
530 300 * 24 . 192 * 28 * 85 . 0 90 . 0 Mu
' d d c ' f 85 . 0 fy s ' A
2
a
d cab ' f 85 . 0 Mu
) confirmed is assumption ( .) 7
00207 . 0
200000
414
0020715 . 0 003 . 0 *
17 . 226
70 17 . 226
6.)
17 . 226
85 . 0
24 . 192 a
c
mm. 192.24
300 x 28 x 85 . 0
28 x 85 . 0 414 12 . 402 3694.5x414
a
A A
0.020707 0.002591 - 0.023236 ' - 5.)
0.002591
300x530
402.12
' 4.)
mm 12 . 402 16
4
2 s A' 3.)
doubly
023236 . 0
530 x 300
5 . 3694
bd
As

mm 3694.5 28
4
6 As 2.)

0.85 1.)
D u
LL
2 2 u
6
y sc
y
sc
1
actual S S
max
2 2
max
2 2
021686 . 0 max
414
0.85x28
414 600
600 ) (0.75x0.85 max
1

1
]
1

+
,
_

1
]
1

+
,
_

>

<


,
_

>


,
_

,
_

,
_

+

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
T-BEAMS
Effective Width, be (NSCP Art. 418.11, p.4-26)
A. Interior Beams
1. L/4
2. bw + 16ts
3. c-c spacing
B. Exterior Beams
1. bw + L/12
2. bw + 6ts
3. (c-c spacing + bw)
2
IRREGULAR BEAMS
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
ANALYSIS:
Given: b
e
, b
w
, d, t
s
, As, fc, fy
Find: Mu = Mn
Solution:
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
1.
1
,
max
2. Assume a = t
s
Cc=0.85fc t
s
b
e
Ts=Asfy
3. If Ts < Cc => a < t
s
=> singly
Ts > Cc => a > t
s
=> irregular
If irregular
4.)

5.) A
sw
= A
s
- A
sf

6.) A
s
= A
sf
+ A
sw

M
n
= M
f
+ M
w
7.)
8.) If
w
<
max
=> ok! No reduction in A
sw
If
w
>
max
=> A
sw
=
max
b
w
d
9.)
w
y sw
cb ' f 85 . 0
f A
a
10. M
w
=
,
_

2
a
- d f A
y sw
11. M
u
= (M
f
+ M
w
)
DESIGN:
Given : b
e
, b
w
, t
s
, d, fc, f
y
, Mu
Find: A
s
1.)
1
,
max
2.) Assume a = t
s

,
_

2
t
- d t b c f' 0.85 [ Mn
s
s e
3.) If Mu < Mn a < t
s
singly
( )( )
( )
)
2
t
d ( f A Mf
f
t b b c ' f 85 . 0
A
t b b c ' f 85 . 0 f A
C T
s
y sf
y
s w e
sf
s w e y sf
f f

d b
A
w
sw
w

( )

,
_

2
t
d C M
fy
C
Asf
t b b c ' f 85 . 0 C
s
f f
f
s w e f
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
If Mu > Mn a > t
s
irregular
If irregular
4.)

5.)
f
u
w
M -
M
M

,
_

6.)
c f
fy
m
' 85 . 0

7.)
y w
2
w
w
f d b
M
X
8.)
m
2mX - 1 - 1
d req'
w
w

9.) If
w
>
max
increase beam size b
w
,d

w
<
max
ok! Reqd A
sw
=
w
b
w
d
10. A
s
= A
sf
+ A
sw
SAMPLE PROBLEM:
Design an interior beam of a floor system shown having a simple span of 18m, slab thickness of
100 mm, c-c spacing of 2.5 m, stem width of 300 mm, d= 630 mm, fc = 20 Mpa, h= 700mm and grade
40 bars.
The floor system is to carry super imposed loads listed below.
Dead Loads:
1. Ceiling = 0.5 kPa
2. Floor Finish = 1.8 kPa
3. Movable Partition = 1.0 kPa
Live Loads = 4.8 kPa
Solution:
Dead Loads:
Ceiling = 0.5 kPa (2.5 m) = 1.25 kN/m
Floor fin = 1.8 kPa (2.5m) = 4.5 kN/m
Movable Par= 1.0 kPa (2.5m) = 2.5 kN/m
Slab = 0.1 (2.5) (24) = 6 kN/m
Beam web = 24 (0.3) (0.7-0.1) = 4.32 kN/m
DL = 18.57 kN/m
Live Load = 4.8 ( 2.5) = 12 kN/m :(2.5) is tributary width
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Wu = 1.4 (18.57) + 1.7 (12)
Wu = 46.398 kN/m
( )
kNm
L
Wu
Mu 12 . 1879
8
18 398 . 46
8
2
2

Effective Width
a.) m
L
be 5 . 4
4
18
4

b.) b
e
= b
w
+ 16t
s
= 300mm + 16(100mm) = 1.9m
c.) b
e
= 2.5 m.
Therefore.. b
e
= 1.9m (smallest value governs)
1.)
1
= 0.85

( )( )
( )
1
]
1

+
1
]
1

276 600
600
276
20 85 . 0
85 . 0 75 . 0
max

max
= 0.026895
2.)
( ) ( ) ( ) [ ]
2
' 85 . 0
ts
a ts be c f Mn
= 0.9 (0.85) (20) (1900) (100) (630-100/2) x 10
-6
= 1686.06 kNm
(compare to Mu)
3.)
irregular as design > Mn Mu
4.)
( )( )
kNm 6 . 1577
10
2
100
630 ) 000 , 720 , 2 ( Mf
mm
07 . 9855
276
2720000
Asf
000 , 720 , 2 100 300 1900 20 0.85 C
6
2
f

,
_

5.) kNm Mw 31 . 510 6 . 1577

9 . 0
12 . 1879

6.)
( )
235 . 15
20 85 . 0
276
' 85 . 0

c f
fy
m
7.)
( )
( ) ( )
015528 . 0
276 630 300
1000 31 . 510
Xw
2
2

8.)
( )( )
018224 . 0
16.235
015528 . 0 16.235 2 - 1 - 1
w d req'
9.)
w
<
max
ok! Reqd A
sw
=
w
b
w
d = 0.018224 (300)(630) = 3444.34 mm
2
10.)

mm
As
Asw Asf As
2
41 . 13299
34 . 3444 07 . 9855

+
+
3-25 mm
Wu
0.4 Wu 0.4 Wu
m 0 . 1 m 0 . 1 m 3.0 m 3.0
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
QUIZ SINGLY AND DOUBLY
MPa. 414 fy mm, 6.40 d mm, 3.20 b
rebars. 60 Grade and 40MPa c f' Wu

and
Use carry. can below bam that the load maximum the Determine I.
At B:
3-25 mm
6-25 mm
3-25 mm
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
[ ]
0.0033816
min
use then lue, greater va the use
0.0033816
414
1.4
fy
1.4
min

0.0038492
414) (4
40
4fy
c f'
min

0.028376
414) (600
(600)
414
(0.85)(40)
0.75(0.85)
max

.747857 30) (40

7
0.05
0.85
1
) 1.0

1
1
]
1

1
]
1

+
1
]
1

0.0072
min

actual

max

0.0072
actual

(320)(640)
(3)
2
(25)
4

bd
As
actual
2.0)

m 1492.40kN/
u
W
335.79
u
0.225W
u
0.225W
)
u
0.65W 0.4Wu (2
2
6
1
B
M
u
2.8W
B
R
kN/m 335.79 Mu
)
6 -
10 (1 )
2
56.04
- (640 2)(414) 0.9(1472.6
)
2
a
AsFy(d 4.0).0
56.04
(320) (0.85)(40)
4) 1472.62(41
cb) (0.85)(f'
AsFy
3.0)

1
]
1

1
]
1

At C:
6-25 mm
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
0.014
(320)(640)
(6)
2
(25)
4

bd
As
actual

0.0038192
min

0.028376
ax

0.77857
1
1.0)

178.01kN/m
3.6
640.84
u
W
u
3.6W
B
R
640.84kN/m
)
6
10 (1 )
2
112.07
(640 4)(414) 0.9(2945.2
)
2
a
(d AsFy Mu
112.07
20) 0.85(40)(3
4) 2945.24(41
a
0.014
min

actual

max

1
]
1

1
]
1

QUIZ 5: DOUBLY REINFORCED RECTANGULAR BEAM & IRREGULAR SECTIONS
1.) Determine the maximum safe live load WL that the beam below can carry. Use fc = 32 MPa
and Grade 60 bars. Assume that the total dead load WD = 25 kN/m.
m - kN 73 . 269 10 *
2
815 . 47
600 * 414 * 6 . 1256 * 9 . 0 M
mm 815 . 47
400 * 32 * 85 . 0
414 * 6 . 1256

0052358 . 0
600 * 400
6 . 1256
, mm 6 . 1256 4 * ) 20 (
4
A
0034160 . 0
0033816 . 0
414
4 . 1
0034160 . 0
414 * 4
32
024367 . 0
414 600
600
*
414
32 * 85 . 0
* 83571 . 0 * 75 . 0
83571 . 0 ) 30 32 (
7
05 . 0
85 . 0
SLIDER AT CAPACITY MOMENT
6
U
min
max 2 2
S
min
min
min
max
1

,
_

>
<

( )
m - kN 30 . 722 10 *
2
58 . 140
595 * 414 * 5 . 3694 * 9 . 0 M
mm 58 . 140
400 * 32 * 85 . 0
414 * 5 . 3694
Singly 015523 . 0
595 * 400
5 . 3694
mm 5 . 3694 6 * 28 *
4
A
SUPPORT FIXED AT CAPACITY MOMENT
6
U
max
2 2
S

,
_

<

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
kN/m 3788 . 2
7 . 1
25 * 1.4 - 30.956
WL
kN/m 30.956 w
kN/m 956 . 30 30 . 722 333 . 23
333 . 23 6667 . 3 ) 75 . 1 * 2 (
6
6
kN/m 562 . 73 73 . 269 6667 . 3
6667 . 3 ) 2 75 . 1 * 2 (
6
2
6667 . 3 ) 75 . 1 2 * 2 (
6
2
2 * 75 . 3
75 . 3 2 *
2
2 75 . 1
R
ANALYSIS
2
2
2
R



+

+
+

w w
w w w w M
w w
w w w M
w w w w M
w
w w
neg
pos
pos
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )
Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
2.) Determine the ultimate moment capacities of the sections shown below. Use fc = 23 MPa
and Grade 40 bars.
030929 . 0
276 600
600
276
) 23 ( 85 . 0
) 85 . 0 ( 75 . 0
85 . 0
mm 450 b
mm 250 b
max
1
w
e

1
]
1

+
1
]
1

m - kN 88 . 265 10
2
100
730 ) 276 ( 67 . 1416
mm 67 . 1416
276
) 100 )( 450 250 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
A
IRREGULAR
1 . 812887 ) 276 )( 6 ( ) 25 (
4
488750 ) 100 )( 250 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
t a assume
6
2
sf
2
s

,
_

>

x M
C T
T
C
f
C S
S
C

m - kN 53 . 477 ) 47 . 796 88 . 265 ( 9 . 0

m - kN 47 . 796
2
84 . 136
730 ) 276 ( 9 . 4361
mm 84 . 136
) 450 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
) 276 ( 9 . 4361
A in reduction no ok!
013278 . 0
) 730 ( 450
9 . 4361
9 . 4361 67 . 1416 ) 6 ( ) 25 (
4
sw max
2
+

,
_

<

+
u
w
w
w
sw
M
M
a
A

) governs! (lowest mm 445 b

mm 445
2
150 ) 120 470 (
b
2
1
spcg) cc (
2
1
b b.)
mm 600 ) 80 ( 6 120 6t b b a.)
Beam Exterior
150 ) 80 ( 6
e
w e
s w e

+ +
+
+ +
>
e
b
2
sf
6
2
sf
2 2
s
max
1
mm 324 . 1375
67 . 1841 991 . 3216 A
m - kN 80 . 477 10
2
80
980 ) 276 ( 67 . 1841
mm 67 . 1841
276
) 80 )( 120 445 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
A
IRREGULAR
516 . 887889 ) 276 ( 991 . 3216
695980 ) 445 )( 80 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
mm 991 . 3216 ) 4 ( ) 32 (
4
t a assume
03093 . 0 ) 04124 . 0 ( 75 . 0
04124 . 0
276 600
600
276
) 23 ( 85 . 0
85 . 0
85 . 0

,
_

>

1
]
1

+
1
]
1

sw
s sw
f
C S
s S
C
s
bal
A
A A
x M
C T
fy A T
C
A

Reinforced Concrete Design ( RCD 1 )

Monday 5:00 9:00 / Thursday 6:00 9:00
Engr. Alberto S. Caete - Professor
Ultimate Stress Design (USD)
Lecture Notes
2k6 2k7
m - kN 4 . 1474
2 x m - kN 18 . 737
) 29 . 341 80 . 447 ( 90 . 0
) (
m - kN 29 . 341 10
2
80286 . 161
980 ) 276 ( 324 . 1375
mm 80286 . 161
) 120 )( 23 ( 85 . 0
) 276 ( 324 . 1375
A in reduction no ok!
011695 . 0
) 980 ( 120
324 . 1375 A
6
sw max
sw

+
+

,
_

<

u
u
u
w f u
w
w
w
w
M
M
M
M M M
x M
a
d b