1.

INTRODUCTION
The EATB HE (East-Alliance Thermal Brazed Heat Exchanger) is from the company East-Alliance which adopts the important technology of Thermal Brazed and is the one of the most compact, strongest and most economic efficiency heat exchanger that ever existed. More and more units are now applying to various heat transfer field. East-Alliance Thermal Ltd. is a specialist manufacturer of brazed plate heat exchangers, and devotes to provide high quality products and services to all customers in worldwide. The plant has been awarded the quality standard of ISO9001-2000. Alliance Thermal Brazed plate heat exchangers offer significant benefits: High heat transfer efficiency High structural strength Small temperature differences High working pressure Economical Extremely compact size Retrofit adaptable Low refrigerant charge Low tendency for freeze-up Low weight

High thermal efficiency. Fluid flow pattern in the EATB HE becomes turbulent at very low Reynolds number (or under very low flow rates) and uniform in the flow channels. These two features result in a very high heat transfer rate and efficiency. Lower liquid side pressure drop. The new generation of EATB HE has significantly lower pressure drop on the liquid side due to improved plate design. High resistance against corrosion. The plates are made of AISI 316 grade of low carbon stainless steel to ASME specifications for pressure vessels to enhance corrosion resistance. High working pressure. The working pressure of the EATB HE is 3000kPa, using the ASME code requirements. Economical. High efficiency and compact construction results in smaller heat exchangers, offering significant reductions in installation space, transport and packaging costs. Each EATB HE is constructed using a number of corrugated stainless steel plates forming a multi layered sandwich. The stainless steel plates are joined together by a vacuum brazing process using 99.9% pure copper foil or other alloy as brazing material, depending on the application of the heat exchanger. Each pair of plates forms a complex lattice of channels and the two heat transfer fluids flow through alternate channels in opposite directions-counter flow. Developed through extensive field experience, the EATB HE achieves optimum

performance with the best possible balance between heat transfer efficiency and pressure drop.

2.

SPECIFICATIONS

2.1 Material EATB HEs plates are made of AISI 316 stainless steel, within tight specifications from qualified suppliers. This provides superior material characteristics in the following areas:Corrosion resistance Good formability High mechanical strength Plates Connections Brazing 2.2 Performance The EATB HEs are approved to the following temperatures and pressures: Allowable Working Pressure: Max. 40bar Allowable Working Temperature: Max. 200 Min.-180 2.3 Approvals Alliance Thermal Brazed Plate Heat Exchangers are approved to ISO9001-2000. Quality system auditing bodies include the National Board of Pressure Vessel Inspectors. 2.4 Quality assurance East-Alliance has established a specific test procedure to detect 100% of EATB HE units by vacuum test and pressure test, to ensure each EATB HE can fulfill the specified quality requirements. AISI 316 AISI 304 Copper (Cu 99.9%)

3.

SELECTION

DATA

Its important to select the right EATB HE for various applications with correct type and size. East-Alliance or its approved distributors are pleased to assist your engineering staff if necessary to select the most suitable one. Welcome to contact us with the address in the back of this book. 3.1 Dimensions
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Fig 3.1
MODEL EATB20 EATB25 EATB50 EATB55 EATB85

A B C D E F
Net Weight (Kg)

76 284 41 316 2.27N+5 25 0.072N+0.6

124 239 64 297 2.32N+7 27 0.135N+3

125 479 64 539 2.71N+8 27 0.25N+3

125 479 64 539 2.32N+8 27 0.25N+3

188 479 101 564 2.27N+8 27 0.45 N+3.5

Tab. 3.1 3.2 Plate data

Tab. 3.2 3.3 Connections The EATB HE can be supplied with all kinds of soldered and/or threaded connections (Tab 3.3).
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MODEL

Connection Model 603001 603002 603003 603004 603005 603011 603001 603002 603003 603004 603005 603006 603007 603008 603009 603010 603011 603012 603013 603014 603015 603016 603017 603001 603002 603003 603004 603005 603006 603007 603008 603009 603010 603011 603012 603013 603014 603015 603016 603017

Inner Diameter 9.8 12.8 16 19.1 22.3

Std Threaded Connection Male

Std Threaded Connection Female

Remark

EATB20

ZG 1/2 9.8 12.8 16 19.1 22.3 25.6 28.7 32 35.1 38.5 ZG 1/2 ZG 1 G 1 G 1 1/4 ZG 1 1/4 G 1 1/2 ZG 1 1/2 9.8 12.8 16 19.1 22.3 25.6 28.7 32 35.1 38.5 ZG 1/2 ZG 1 G 1 G 1 1/4 ZG 1 1/4 G 1 1/2 ZG 1 1/2
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EATB25

EATB50

EATB55

EATB85

603013 603001 603002 603003 603004 603005 603006 603007 603008 603009 603010 603011 603012 603013 603014 603015 603016 603017 603013 603005 603006 603007 603008 603009 603010 603019 603020 603021 603012 603013 603014 603015 603016 603017 603018

G 1 9.8 12.8 16 19.1 22.3 25.6 28.7 32 35.1 38.5 ZG 1/2 ZG 1 G 1 G 1 1/4 ZG 1 1/4 G 1 1/2 ZG 1 1/2 G 1 22.3 25.6 28.7 32 35.1 38.5 41.5 51 54.1 ZG 1 G 1 G 1 1/4 ZG 1 1/4 G 1 1/2 ZG 1 1/2 G 2

There are 8 positions (Fig.3.2) on the EATB HE to set connections. They are Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 on front panel, and H1 H2 H3 H4 on the back panel.

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Fig. 3.2 3.4 Multipass flow and multi refrigerant circuits

The EATB HE can be set all kinds of pass and circuit. In the below drawing we have listed typical using. You can also custom flow and circuits freely. Normally the Freon circuit must be connected to the left side and the water circuit to the right side of the EATB HE. The starting point to define left and right is an upright standing position of the exchangers nameplate.

Single pass flow in both sides

One side single pass flow, another double pass flow

Three pass flow in both sides

Double refrigerant circuit and single water circuit

4.

OPERATING RECOMMENDATIONS FOR EATB

4.1 Freeze-up protection Therere lots of conditions to freeze up to any heat exchangers, such as Cooling-only, evaporator located indoors Cooling-only, evaporator located outdoors Heat pump evaporator located indoors Heat pump evaporator located outdoors Water cooled condenser located outdoors The risk is divided into two basic areas: 1. External freezing This can cause structural damage and can generally be prevented by insulation or external low wattage heating. The insulation should be fabricated using closed cell foam sheet covering all surfaces. A vapor barrier should be provided. 2. Internal freezing This is only evaporators and is more difficult to control and may have a number of causes such as:Low evaporator water flow rates Low evaporator water entering temperature (thereby low leaving water temp.) Low evaporating pressures (particularly start-up or defrost cycle) Loss of refrigerant charge Fouled evaporators causing low water flow rates and low evaporating temperatures Methods of evaporator freeze-up protection: z A reliable flow switch to detect low water flow rates should be fitted. z Suction Pressure control switch should be fitted to prevent operation at low saturated temperature conditions. Nuisance tripping at start up may be overcome by fitting a lockout timer with the appropriate delay on the LP control. z Temperature sensors can be used to stop the compressor when the leaving water temperature approaches freezing. They must be as responsive as possible and fitted directly in the water flow as close as possible to the water outlet. z Hot gas bypass can be used to maintain the suction pressure above a predetermined level by diverting discharge gas back into the evaporator inlet. This is an ideal method for prevention of freezing at start up and when used in conjunction with an LP switch provides best protection. 4.2 Water hammer

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Water hammer, which is the transmission of shock waves in incompressible fluid, must be avoided to protect all equipment in the fluid circuit including the heat exchangers. Due to their structural strength brazed plate heat exchangers are more resistant to this type of damage than other components, however they are not immune and care should be taken to minimize this risk or action taken to avoid it such as slow close time valves or water hammer arrestors 4.3 Water Quality Variations in water quality from place to place and variation in applications of plate heat exchanges make it difficult to define in simple terms the water quality requirements for minimum maintenance. The following should provide some insight into the more important factors for maintenance free operation. Water treatment specialists should be consulted to determine the suitability of specific water. 1. Undissolved solids (turbid water) To reduce undissolved solids blocking the unit, it is recommended to fit a 40-70 mesh strainer. Regular maintenance of this unit is required however, to ensure continued performance. 2. Dissolved products The effects of dissolved products in the water vary according to a number of factors Scale crystallized deposits of mineral salts attached to the heat exchanger surface caused by a combination of concentration, temperature and pH. The higher the temperature, the greater the possibility of scale formation. Corrosion stainless steel has a high resistance to most chemicals but is sensitive to chloride ion concentration, so this must be limited to 300ppm or less. The copper used in the brazing process is mainly sensitive to acidity so the pH must be maintained between 6 and 8. These levels of pH must also be controlled along with temperature and saturation levels (through regular checking and water treatment procedure) to ensure minimum fouling and scaling. 4.4 Cleaning Due to the diverse applications of brazed plate heat exchangers various methods of cleaning may be used. The following method is often used for heat exchangers applied as refrigeration condensers in cooling tower circuits where poor quality water is used or poor water treatment results in heat exchanger fouling. This fouling can be corrected by chemical cleaning, reverse
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flushing or a combination of both. Regular reverse flushing in situ is the simplest option and may be the only treatment necessary if fouling is predominantly caused by sedimentation. If however, scaling has occurred, chemical cleaning will be necessary. This should be performed using a weak acid cleaning liquid pumped through the heat exchanger in reverse flow direction at approximately twice the normal flow rate. Sulfamic acid is recommended for cleaning the heat exchanger. An inhibitor for the protection of copper must also be added. However, a review of all the materials used in the system should be done before final selection of the cleaning agent. The Clean process z Select inhibitor for stainless and other metals in the system. z Concentrations for the inhibitor should be as directed, but not less than 0.1% for 5 minutes. z The cleaning acid should be circulated as directed (usually 24 hours) at a 2-3% concentration. z At the completion of the cleaning process, it is important that the unit be flushed with clean water for at least 30 minutes. 4.5 Water treatment The best way to ensure the right water quality and reduce fouling is to utilize specialist water treatment companies. It is important that having established the requirements for local conditions that at least every 12 months, dosing and bleed rates are checked to ensure that they are sufficient to maintain low TDS (totally dissolved solids) and avoid over dosing of chlorine. Sufficient inhibitor should be dosed to protect the 316 stainless steel of the heat exchanger.

5.

INSTALLATION
This is one mounting requirement which must be met for correct operation.

Fig.5.1
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1. The heat exchanger must be mounted with vertical orientation as shown so that proper fluid drainage can take place. 2. Each separate fluid enters and leaves the exchanger on the same side (i.e. Left/right) as shown below:

Circuit 1

Circuit 2

EATB

Circuit 2

Circuit 2

Fig. 5.2 For best performance, each fluid should be connected such that the flow is counter (i.e. One travels up the plates whilst the other travels down). In reverse cycle systems, a compromise may be made to allow for operation of counter flow on heating cycle. 5.1 Expansion valve mounting The expansion valve should be mounted as close as possible to the heat exchanger liquid connection. The sensing bulb should be placed on the suction line at the Refrigerant Gas Out connection at a distance that will avoid TX valve hunting. An externally equalized valve should be used. 5.2 Connections installation
Refrig. Suction Gas Out Water In Refrig. Hot Gas In Water Out

EATB

EATB

Refrig. Liquid In

Water Out Refrig. Liquid Out CONDENSER Water In

EVAPORATOR

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Fig. 5.3

5.3 Mounting The heat exchanger must be supported by some means other than the connection spigots and they must not be subject to stress or vibrations from the connected pipe-work. Clamping to a solid structure using brackets like those shown below is the preferred method. Insulation may be required to thermally isolate the heat exchanger from the structure to eliminate condensation. Connection of hydraulic hoses direct to the heat exchanger is not recommended due to pressure surges. Installation of a header tank which should be firmly fixed to the equipment and then connected to the heat exchanger is advisable.

5.4 Soldering/Brazing Both joint surfaces must be clean and free of dirt, grease, oil, etc. It is imperative that all air be displaced from inside tubes and heat exchanger by purging with a continual slight flow of industrial grade dry nitrogen prior to applying heat, during brazing and until the cool down phase is complete. On no account should the components be dipped in water to aid cool down. They can if necessary be wiped down with a wet cloth once the joint has been made. Flux must be used in this operation and must be selected to suit the materials involved. When brazing copper to the heat exchanger a soft flame should be played predominantly on the copper to allow the copper to heat the stainless steel evenly. The heat exchanger spigot must only be heated to the lowest temperature necessary to achieve a proper braze, joint cooling should be as rapid as possible. The brazing rod must be silver braze type: 40%Silver, 29%Copper, 29%Zinc, 2% Nickel (Cadmium free).
Australian Standard USA Standard Japanese Standard AS 1167-1, A8 AWS A%.8 Bag4 JISZ 3261 Bag4

6.

APPLICATIONS

The East Alliance Thermal Brazed Heat Exchangers have applications in a wide spread. There
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are potential applications in basically any field where a liquid or gas exchange heat with another media. An important criteria is that the media has to be compatible with copper (Cu) and stainless steel (AISI 316). Some applications are more common than others, such as evaporator, condenser and water to water applications. Here follows some standard applications:

Refrigeration/air-conditioning z z z z z z Evaporators Condensers Liquid sub-coolers Economizers De-superheaters Oil-coolers

Industrial applications z z Diesel power plants (Oil-cooling, Heat recovery) In house own power plants

Heating z z z z District heating Boilers Engineering companies Solar energy

7.

SELECTION
General Selection Advises z Always select a large model with less number of plates instead of a smaller model with a more number of plates when possible, which can reduce the leakage risk as well as the mal distribution risk for certain applications. z We recommend the pressure drop during 10-50kpa.

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SELECTION FORM

COMPANY
ADDRESS NAME R22WATER CAPACITY EVAPORATING TEMP. INLET TEMP.12 MAX dP 50

DATE PHONE FAX TITLE EVAPORRATOR APPLICATION kw (2) OUTLET TEMP.7 kPa

R22WATER CONDENSER APPLICATION CAPACITY kw CONDENSING TEMP.40 INLET TEMP.30 OUTLET TEMP. 35 MAX dP50 kPa WATERWATER CAPACITY HOT W. INLET TEMP. COLD W. INLET TEMP. MAX dP 50 HYDRAULIC APPLICATION kw OR FLOW RATE HOT W. OUTLET TEMP. COLD W. OUTLET TEMP. kPa

T/h

STEAMWATER CAPACITY COLD W. INLET TEMP. MAX dP50

HEATING kw kPa

APPLICATION OR FLOW RATE COLD W. OUTLET TEMP.

T/h

OTHER FLUID APPLICATION CAPACITY HOT SIDE FLOW RATE HOT SIDE MEDIUM HOT SIDE INLET TEMP. DYNAMICAL VISCOSITY THERMAL COND. COLD SIDE MEDIUM COLD SIDE INLET TEMP. DYNAMICAL VISCOSITY THERMAL COND.

kw T/h Pa.S w/m K Pa.S w/m K

COLD SIDE FLOW RATE T/h MAX dP50 kPa HOT SIDE OUTLET TEMP. SPEC. HEAT kj/kg K DENSITY kg/m3 MAX dP50 kPa COLD SIDE OUTLET TEMP. SPEC. HEAT kj/kg K DENSITY kg/m3

NB. The data in ( ) is default data, you may fill in this form with required data.
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8.

COMMON QUESTIONS AND THE ANSWERS ABOUT EATB

Q1. Where can I use EATB HE? A1. EATB HE are suitable for almost any refrigerant-to-liquid or liquidto-liquid application but without corrosive media, such as ammonia or seawater. Please see 6 Q2. Can I turn the unit around? A2. Yes, all the EATB HEs are possible for all applications. Q3. Can I use a EATB HE in swimming pool application? A3. Yes. It is important to add the chloride after EATB HE, to avoid the risk of an unbalanced lever of chloride in the water passing through EATB HE. Nevertheless a stronger chloride will react with the copper, which is obviously not good for EATB HE unit. Q4. Can I use a EATB HE in a steam application? A4. Yes. We strongly recommend to respect the four aspects: z A free exit on the condense side avoids possible shocks z Steam inlet has to be at the marked side on the upper connection. The marked side has once channel less and the steam will therefore be surrounded by the liquid side. z Avoid formation of steam bubbles by adjusting the pressure on the secondary side correctly. z Avoid temperature differences over 50 in the start up procedure. When EATB HE is in operation the temperature difference can be increased. Q5. If the EATB HE was dropped on the floor or got other physically damaged, how can I be sure it is still OK? A5. To be 100% sure you have to determine the same test as East-Alliance does to verify the right quality of the unit, see 2.4. Q6. A6. When we tested the unit it is no longer tight. Can we solder the unit on the outside and make it tight? Alliance does not recommend repair soldering. If the customer, nevertheless, wants to try to repair the unit, a silver soldering of 45% should be used. Obviously there is no guarantee for a good result.

Q7. Can I use de-ionised water in the EATB HE? A7. It is no problem for EATB HE itself to use de-ionised water. There might be a problem though, with the application, as the copper will react with the de-ionised water. Q8. Wont the smaller passages in a EATB HE foul up easily? A8. No, EATB HE is less prone to fouling than tubular type heat exchangers. Fouling occurs when there is low fluid velocity (laminar flow) and uneven distribution of flow among the passages. The unique design of a EATB HE allows the heat exchanger to operate at extremely low velocities while maintaining turbulent flow. Furthermore, the internal design assures a well distributed flow over the heat transfer surface.
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