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1 0 0 0 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a l F a c i l i t i e s E l e c t r i c a l M a n u a l

N b 9 1 r r i

o v e m e r 1 9 1 1 0 0 0 0 o p o C h e v n C o o r a t n

1042Cable Tray Arrangement

Trays may be either stacked or placed side by side. Generally, cable tray systemsare stacked

with different voltage levels, signal levels and intrinsically safe circuitsseparated (in different trays). It is important to avoid mixing lowlevel signals (suchas

thermocouple leads) and highlevel power cables in the same tray. Informationregardi ng separation requirements between signal levels can be found in ELC-MS-

1675, Installation of Electrical Facilities.Cables installed in cable tray must be suitable for use in cable tray systems. NECArticle 318-3 lists the cables suitable for

installation in tray. Most wire which isnormally installed in conduit is not suitable for use in tray. For example, individualconductor s of AWG 12 THW are not suitable for use in tray. NEC

Article 318requires that single conductors be larger than 1/0 if used in tray, and they must be of a type suitable for use in tray. Smaller conductors may be used if they are in

a suit-able multiconductor cable.Cable cannot be stacked indiscriminately in cable tray. Specific rules concerninglayering cables in the same tray are given in

NEC Article 318. For example, multi-conductor cables which are 4/0 or larger must be in a single layer (with no othercables on top of them). Multi-

conductor cables with conductors smaller than 4/0may be layered if the maximum cross sectional area fill is not exceeded. Large,single conductors, above

1/0, are usually installed in a single layer. Violations of Article 318 can result in the overheating of circuits.
Fig. 1000-3

Typical Aboveground Cable Tray System

E l e c t r i c a l M a n u a l 1 0 0 0 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a l F a c i l i t i e s C h e v r o n C o r p o r a t i o

n 1 m 9

1 1 b 9

0 0 0 N o v e e r 1 1

1043Groundi ng and Bonding of Metallic Tray

Metallic tray must form a complete system that is electrically and mechanicallyconti nuous and grounded as required by Section 318-7(a) of the NEC.

Wheninstalled in this manner, metallic tray is allowed to serve as the equipmentgroundi ng conductor (to carry fault current back to the service transformer

or gener-ator ground). Metallic tray may be used as a part of a continuous ground pathbetween the service point and end devices served by cables in the tray.

1044Supports for Cable Tray

The most common methods of supporting cable tray include the following: directmounting on

fixed objects (e.g., pipe racks), suspension below a horizontal surface(e.g., ceiling, beam or deck), often by threaded rods supporting horizontal

memberson which the tray is fastened, and supporting the tray by welded steel channel orangle supports which are welded or bolted to other rigid structures (such as

decks,pipe supports, and building walls).Typical support methods are shown in Figures10004and1000-5.To prevent exceeding the maximum

allowable deflection, refer to the cable traymanufacturers literature for recommended weight loading of the tray. Traysupports must be installed

at close enough intervals to prevent exceeding specifiedmaximum deflections (both vertical and horizontal).
Fig. 1000-4

Cable Tray Supported on Pipe Racks

1 0 0 0 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a l F a c i l i t i e s E l e c t r i c a l M a n u a l N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 1 1 0 0 0

1 r r i

2 o p o

C h e v n C o o r a t n

1045Installati on of Cable in

Cable Tray Systems

Care should be taken when installing cables in cable tray to prevent nicking orscraping the cables.Additional

recommendations for cable tray installations are as follows:Do not bend cables beyo nd the minimum allowed bending radiiDo not allow cables to droop over

sharp edges of the cable trayAfter installation, protect cables from damage during construction. Do notallow welding above uncovered cable tray or lifting

of equipment above thecable trayDo not allow pipe or tubing to be installed in, or supported by cable tray. SeeNEC 30011Use U/V resistant cable-

ties to hold cables in place Al ways place all three phases of a three-phase circuit in the same tray to avoidinduction heatingEnsure th at each cable

is installed in the appropriate tray(That is, trays of the same power level.) Low voltage cables (below 600 volts)cannot be mixed with higher voltage cables and low signal level

cables should notbe mixed with power conductors. Maintain the separations between signal levelslisted in ELC-MS-1675 to prevent signal interference.

Fig. 1000-5 Typical Cable Tray Anchoring

E l e c t r i c a l M a n u a l 1 0 0 0 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a l F a c i l i t i e s C h e v r o n C o r p o r a t i o

n 1 m 9

1 3 b 9

0 0 0 N o v e e r 1 1

1050Condu ctor Terminatio ns

1051Purpose
Figure10006illustrates the preferred compression-type of two-hole lug conductorterminati on for large (1/0 AWG and larger), non-

shielded and shielded powerconductors. Crimp-type (compression-type) lugs require special crimp dies specificto each lug size or range. They are

preferred in both low and medium voltage applications since they do not loosen over time like some bolted connections. Termina-tions should provide the

following basic electrical and mechanical functions:Low res istance electrical connecti on of conductors to elect rical equipmentP hysical support

and protection of the end of the conductor insulation,shieldin g, overall jacket and armorEffective co ntrol of electrical stresses for medium voltage a

pplications (by po si-tion of both internal and external insulation)Groun ding of shields

1052Control of Electrical

Stress With Terminations

Figure10007illustrates various types of medium voltage shielded cable termina-tions used for indoor and outdoor

terminations. The additional insulation level andshape serves as a means of electrical stress relief. If a termination at these highervoltages did

not provide electrical stress relief, the combination of longitudinal andradial electrical stresses would focus at the shield end and eventually would cause

Fig. 1000-6 Two-hole Lug Cable Termination

1 0 0 0 I n s t a l l a t i o n o f E l e c t r i c a l F a c i l i t i e s E l e c t r i c a l M a n u a l N o v e m b e r 1 9 9 1 1 0 0 0

1 4 C h e v r o n C o r p o r a t i o n insulation failure. The most common method for reducing the electrical stress is

togradually increase the insulation to form a cone. The shield is then carried up thecone surface and terminated behind the largest part of the cone. The energy

storedbetween the shield and the conductor is dissipated over an increasing volume of insulation (the cone), reducing the potential for electrical discharge.

Dischargecorona can form ozone which can cause the insulation to fail.

1053Termina tor Requirem ents

Cable terminators must provide adequate current carrying capacity. Also, they mustbe of the same material as the conductor or be approved specifically for the

combi-nation of materials, and must provide the required insulation level. Most termina-tors should be of the two-hole lug-type as shown inFigure1000-6. This type

of terminator provides good resistance to loosening when subjected to vibration. Thesize of the terminator should be considered when sizing junction

boxes of mediumvoltage motors and termination compartments in switchgear.Expose d lugs may be taped, but (for most applications) the additional tape

is aconservative measure and not required if the lug mounting point meets the requiredspacin g from grounded surfaces and other phases (for the voltage level of

thesystem).Care should be taken not to overheat shrinkable termination kits during application.Cable faults can result from overheating heat-shrink

products. Heatshrinkablestress relief termination kits (such as Raychem) are recommended for both indoorand outdoor medium voltage installations. Skirts

are added to outdoor terminators

Fig. 1000-7 Typical Medium Voltage Terminations

Offshore Electrical Guidelines

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