Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

CH11Rotational Motion II
5, 7, 9, 13, 15, 23, 25, 27, 31, 35, 39, 41, 45, 53, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 67

Problem 11-5 A 140 kg hoop rolls along a horizontal oor so that the hoops center of mass has a speed of 0.150 m/s. How much work must be done on the hoop to stop it? 140 0.150 / <> K =
1 2 1 2 I + mv 2 2 2 I = mr m = 140kg v = 0.15m / s v = r 1 1 1 v 1 K = I 2 + mv 2 = (mr 2 )( ) 2 + mv 2 2 2 r 2 2 = mv 2 = (140)(0.15) 2 = 3.15 J

(b) R = 0.3m a 0.6 = com = = 2rad / s 2 R 0.3 = I (0.3m)(4 N ) I= = = 0.6kg m 2 2rad / s 2

Problem 11-9 In Fig. 11-33, a solid cylinder of radius 10 cm and mass 12 kg starts from rest and rolls without slipping a distance L = 6m down a roof that is inclined at the angle = 300 . (a) What is the angular speed of the cylinder about its center as it leaves the roof? (b) The roofs edge is at height H = 5m . How far horizontally from the roofs edge does the cylinder hit the level ground? 11-33 10cm 12 L = 6m = 300 ab H = 5m

Problem 11-7 G In Fig. 11-31, a constant horizontal force Fapp of magnitude 10 N is applied to a wheel of mass 10 kg and radius 0.30 m. The wheel rolls smoothly on the horizontal surface, and the acceleration of its center of mass has magnitude 0.6m / s 2 . (a) In unit-vector notation, what is the frictional force on the wheel? (b) What is the rotational inertia of the wheel about the rotation axis through its center of mass?
G 11-31 Fapp 10N 10

11-33

0.30m 0.6m / s a b

<>(a) We find its angular speed as it leaves the roof using conservation of energy. Its initial kinetic energy is Ki = 0 and its initial potential energy is Ui = Mgh where h = 6.0sin 30 = 3.0 m (we are using the edge of the roof as our reference level for computing U). Its final kinetic energy (as it leaves the roof) is (Eq. 11-5) 1 1 Kf = 2 Mv 2 + 2 I 2 . Here we use v to denote the speed of its center of mass and is its angular speed at the moment it leaves the roof. Since (up to that moment) the ball rolls without sliding we 1 MR 2 (Table 10-2(c)), conservation can set v = R = v where R = 0.10 m. Using I = 2 of energy leads to 1 1 1 1 3 Mgh = Mv 2 + I 2 = MR 2 2 + MR 2 2 = MR 2 2 . 2 2 2 4 4 The mass M cancels from the equation, and we obtain 1 4 1 4 = gh = 9.8 m s2 3.0 m = 63 rad s . R 3 010 . m 3 (b) Now this becomes a projectile motion of the type examined in Chapter 4. We put the origin at the position of the center of mass when the ball leaves the track (the initial

11-31

G  <> Fapp = 10 Ni (a) Fapp f s = ma

f s = Fapp ma = 10 (10)(0.6) = 4 N
2 26

hb

3 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

position for this part of the problem) and take +x leftward and +y downward. The result of part (a) implies v0 = R = 6.3 m/s, and we see from the figure that (with these positive direction choices) its components are v0 x = v0 cos 30 = 5.4 m s
v0 y = v0 sin 30 = 3.1 m s. The projectile motion equations become 1 2 gt . 2 We first find the time when y = H = 5.0 m from the second equation (using the quadratic formula, choosing the positive root): x = v0 x t and y = v0 y t +

(b) The force of friction exerted on the ball of mass m is k mg (negative since it points left), and setting this equal to macom leads to acom = g = 0.21 9.8 m s2 = 2.1 m s2

b gc

= 0.74s. g Then we substitute this into the x equation and obtain x = 5.4 m s 0.74 s = 4.0 m.

t=

2 v0 y + v0 y + 2 gH

gb

where the minus sign indicates that the center of mass acceleration points left, opposite to its velocity, so that the ball is decelerating. (c) Measured about the center of mass, the torque exerted on the ball due to the frictional force is given by = mgR . Using Table 10-2(f) for the rotational inertia, the angular acceleration becomes (using Eq. 10-45) 2 mgR 5 g 5 ( 0.21) ( 9.8 m/s ) = = = = = 47 rad s 2 2 I 2m R 5 2R 2 ( 0.11 m ) where the minus sign indicates that the angular acceleration is clockwise, the same direction as (so its angular motion is speeding up). (d) The center-of-mass of the sliding ball decelerates from vcom,0 to vcom during time t according to Eq. 2-11: vcom = vcom,0 gt . During this time, the angular speed of the ball increases (in magnitude) from zero to according to Eq. 10-12: 5gt vcom =t= = R 2R where we have made use of our part (a) result in the last equality. We have two equations involving vcom, so we eliminate that variable and find 2v 2 ( 8.5 m/s ) t = com,0 = = 1.2 s. 7 g 7 ( 0.21) ( 9.8 m/s 2 )
(e) The skid length of the ball is (using Eq. 2-15) 1 1 2 x = vcom,0t ( g ) t 2 = ( 8.5 m/s )(1.2 s ) ( 0.21) ( 9.8 m/s 2 ) (1.2 s ) = 8.6 m. 2 2 (f) The center of mass velocity at the time found in part (d) is vcom = vcom,0 gt = 8.5 m/s ( 0.21) ( 9.8 m/s 2 ) (1.2 s ) = 6.1 m/s.
Problem 11-15 Nonuniform ball. In Fig. 11-39, a ball of mass M and radius R rolls smoothly from rest down a ramp and onto a circular loop of radius 0.48 m. The initial height of the ball is h = 0.36m . At the loop bottom, the magnitude of the normal force on the ball is 2.00Mg.The ball consists of an outer spherical shell (of a certain uniform density) that is glued to a central sphere (of a different uniform density). The rotational inertia of the ball can be expressed in the general form I = MR 2 , but is not 0.4 as it is for a ball of uniform density. Determine . 11-39 M R 0.48m h = 0.36m 2Mg I = MR 2 0.4

Problem 11-13 A bowler throws a bowling ball of radius R = 11cm along a lane. The ball (Fig. 11-37) slides on the lane with initial speed vcom,0 = 8.5m / s and initial angular speed 0 = 0 . The coefcient of G kinetic friction between the ball and the lane is 0.21. The kinetic frictional force f k acting on the ball causes a linear acceleration of the ball while producing a torque that causes an angular acceleration of the ball. When speed vcom has decreased enough and angular speed has

increased enough, the ball stops sliding and then rolls smoothly. (a) What then is vcom in terms of ? During the sliding, what are the balls (b) linear acceleration and (c) angular acceleration? (d) How long does the ball slide? (e) How far does the ball slide? (f) What is the linear speed of the ball when smooth rolling begins?
R = 11cm 11-37 vcom,0 = 8.5m / s 0 = 0 0.21 vcom a vcom bc def

11-37

<>(a) We choose clockwise as the negative rotational sense and rightwards as the positive translational direction. Thus, since this is the moment when it begins to roll smoothly, Eq. 11-2 becomes vcom = R = 011 . m . This velocity is positive-valued (rightward) since is negative-valued (clockwise) as shown in Fig. 11-57.

4 26

5 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

11-39 <>The physics of a rolling object usually requires a separate and very careful discussion (above and beyond the basics of rotation discussed in chapter 10); this is done in the first three sections of chapter 11. Also, the normal force on something (which is here the center of mass of the ball) following a circular trajectory is discussed in section 6-6 (see particularly sample problem 6-7). Adapting Eq. 6-19 to the consideration of forces at the bottom of an arc, we have FN Mg = Mv2/r which tells us (since we are given FN = 2Mg) that the center of mass speed (squared) is v2 = gr, where r is the arc radius (0.48 m) Thus, the balls angular speed (squared) is 2 = v2/R2 = gr/R2, where R is the balls radius. Plugging this into Eq. 10-5 and solving for the rotational inertia (about the center of mass), we find Icom = 2MhR2/r MR2 = MR2[2(0.36/0.48) 1] . Thus, using the notation suggested in the problem, we find = 2(0.36/0.48) 1 = 0.50. Problem 11-23 G G i + (6 N )  j acts on a particle with position vector r = (3m) i + (4m)  j .What are (a) Force F = (8 N ) the torque on the particle above the origin, in unit-vector notation, and (b) the angle between the G G directions of r and F ?
G G F = (8 N ) i + (6 N )  j r = (3m) i + (4m)  j a G G b r F

Problem 11-25 G G  acts on a pebble with potion vector r  relative to the Force F = (2 N ) i (3 N )k = (0.5m)  j (2m)k origin. In unit-vector notation, what is the resulting torque on the pebble about (a) the origin and (b) the point (2m, 0, 3m) ?
G G  r  F = (2 N ) i (3 N )k = (0.5m)  j (2m)k ab (2m, 0, 3m) G  <> F = Fx  i + Fy  j + Fz k G  + y  r = xi j + zk    i j k y G G r F = x y z = Fy Fx Fy Fz

Fz

z  x i Fx

Fz

z  x j+ Fx

Fy

y  k

 = ( yFz zFy ) i + ( zFx xFz )  j + ( xFy yFx )k G (a) r = (0, 0.5, 2) G F = (2, 0, 3) G  N m = 1.5 i 4 j 1k G (b) r = (0, 0.5, 2) (2, 0, 3) = (2, 0.5,1) G F = (2, 0, 3) G  N m = 1.5 i 4 j 1k
Problem 11-27 In the instant of Fig. 11-41, two particles move in an xy plane. Particle P 1 has mass 6.5 kg and speed v1 = 2.2m / s , and it is at distance d1 = 1.5m from point O. Particle P2 has mass 3.1kg and

G  i + Fy  j + Fz k <> F = Fx  G   + y r = xi j + zk    i j k y G G r F = x y z = Fy Fx Fy Fz

speed v2 = 3.6m / s , and it is at distance d 2 = 2.8m from point O. What are the (a) magnitude and (b) direction of the net angular momentum of the two particles about O?
Fz z  x i Fx Fz z  x j+ Fx Fy y  k

11-41 xy P 1 6.5 v1 = 2.2m / s O d1 = 1.5m P2 3.1 v2 = 3.6m / s O d 2 = 2.8m O ab

 = ( yFz zFy ) i + ( zFx xFz )  j + ( xFy yFx )k G G G  (a) = r F = (3)(6) (4)(8) = 50k N m G G (b) r F = rF sin
r = x 2 + y 2 = 5m

F = Fx2 + Fy2 = 10 N G G G = r F 50 = (5)(10) sin sin = 1 = sin 1 (1) = 900

6 26

11-41
7 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

G G G <> A = r P 2 P s. 1 A 1 = r1mv1 = ( 2.8 m )( 3.1 kg )( 3.6 m/s ) = 31.2 kg m

+z P2 A 2 = r 2 mv2 = (1.5 m )( 6.5 kg )( 2.2 m/s ) = 21.4 kg m 2 s. -z (a) L = A1 A 2 = 31.2 21.4 = 9.8kg m 2 / s (b) +z Problem 11-31 In Fig. 11-43, a 0.400 kg ball is shot directly upward at initial speed 40.0 m/s. What is its angular momentum about P, 2.00 m horizontally from the launch point, when the ball is (a) at maximum height and (b) halfway back to the ground? What is the torque on the ball about P due to the gravitational force when the ball is (c) at maximum height and (d) halfway back to the ground? 11-43 0.4kg 40m/sP 2 P ab P cd

G G t 3kg r = 4t 2  i (2t + 6t 2 )  j xy r t ab

G G dr  (2 + 12t )  <>(a) v = = 8ti j dt

i G G G G G L = r p = m(r v ) = (3) 4t 2 j 2t 6t
2

k
) 0 = (3)(8t 2 k

8t 2 12t 0 G dL )N m = (48tk net = dt (b) From our (intermediate) result in part (a), we see the angular momentum increases in proportion to t2.

Problem 11-39 In Fig. 11-45, three particles of mass m = 23g are fastened to three rods of length d = 12cm and negligible mass. The rigid assembly rotates around point O at angular speed = 0.85rad / s . About O, what are (a) the rotational inertia of the assembly, (b) the magnitude of the angular momentum of the middle particle, and (c) the magnitude of the angular momentum of the assembly? 11-45 m = 23 g d = 12cm O = 0.85rad / s O a b c

11-43

<>(a) 0 0 (b) With the convention (used in several places in the book) that clockwise sense is to be associated with the negative sign, we have L = r m v where r = 2.00 m, m = 0.400 kg, and v is given by free-fall considerations (as in chapter 2). Specifically, ymax is determined by Eq. 2-16 with the speed at max height set to zero; we find ymax = vo2/2g 1 where vo = 40.0 m/s. Then with y = 2 ymax, Eq. 2-16 can be used to give v = vo / 2 . In this way we arrive at L = 22.6 kg.m2/s. (c) = r F = r mg = (2)(0.4)(9.8) = 7.84 N m (d) = r F = r F = r mg = (2)(0.4)(9.8) = 7.84 N m
Problem 11-35 G i (2t + 6t 2 )  j gives the position of a 3.0 kg particle relative to the origin of an xy At time t, r = 4t 2  G coordinate system ( r is in meters and t is in seconds). (a)Find an expression for the torque acting on the particle relative to the origin. (b) Is the magnitude of the particles angular momentum relative to the origin increasing, decreasing, or unchanging?
8 26

11-45 <>(a) I = m(3d ) 2 + m(2d ) 2 + md 2 = 14md 2 = (14)(2.3 102 )(0.12) 2 = 4.6 103 kg m 2
(b) I = m(2d ) 2 = 4md 2

L = I = 4md 2 = 4(2.3 102 )(0.12) 2 (0.85) = 1.1103 kg m 2 / s (c) L = I = 14md 2 = 14(2.3 102 )(0.12) 2 (0.85) = 3.9 103 kg m 2 / s
Problem 11-41 Figure 11-47 shows a rigid structure consisting of a circular hoop of radius R and mass m, and a square made of four thin bars, each of length R and mass m. The rigid structure rotates at a constant speed about a vertical axis, with a period of rotation of 2.5 s. Assuming R = 0.5m and m = 2kg , calculate (a) the structures rotational inertia about the axis of rotation and (b) its angular momentum about that axis.
9 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

<> I 2 = 2 I1

11-47 R m R 2.5 a b

1 = 800rev / min (a) I1i = ( I1 + I 2 ) f

I1i ( I )(800) = 1 = 267rev / min I1 + I 2 ( I1 ) + (2 I1 ) 1 (b) K i = I1i2 2 I 1 1 1 1 1 K f = ( I1 + I 2 ) 2 ( I1 + 2 I1 )( 1 i )2 = ( I1i2 ) = K i f = 2 3 2 3 2 I1 + 2 I1 1 K K f Ki 3 Ki 2 i = = = 0.67 3 Ki Ki

f =

11-47 <>(a) For the hoop, we use Table 10-2(h) and the parallel-axis theorem to obtain 1 3 I1 = I com + mh 2 = mR 2 + mR 2 = mR 2 . 2 2 Of the thin bars (in the form of a square), the member along the rotation axis has (approximately) no rotational inertia about that axis (since it is thin), and the member farthest from it is very much like it (by being parallel to it) except that it is displaced by a distance h; it has rotational inertia given by the parallel axis theorem: I 2 = I com + mh 2 = 0 + mR 2 = mR 2 . Now the two members of the square perpendicular to the axis have the same rotational inertia (that is I3 = I4). We find I3 using Table 10-2(e) and the parallel-axis theorem: 2 R 1 1 I 3 = I com + mh 2 = mR 2 + m = mR 2 . 12 2 3 Therefore, the total rotational inertia is 19 I1 + I 2 + I 3 + I 4 = mR 2 = 16 . kg m2 . 6 (b) The angular speed is constant: 2 = = = 2.5 rad s. t 2.5 Thus, L = I total = 4.0 kg m2 s.

Problem 11-53 A horizontal vinyl record of mass 0.10 kg and radius 0.10 m rotates freely about a vertical axis through its center with an angular speed of 4.7 rad/s. The rotational inertia of the record about its axis of rotation is 5 104 kg m 2 . A wad of wet putty of mass 0.020 kg drops vertically onto the record from above and sticks to the edge of the record. What is the angular speed of the record immediately after the putty sticks to it? 0.1 0.10 4.7rad/s 5 104 kg m 2 0.02kg
<>For simplicity, we assume the record is turning freely, without any work being done by its motor (and without any friction at the bearings or at the stylus trying to slow it down). Before the collision, the angular momentum of the system (presumed positive) is I i i where I i = 5.0 104 kg m2 and i = 4.7 rad s . The rotational inertia afterwards is I f = I i + mR 2 where m = 0.020 kg and R = 0.10 m. The mass of the record (0.10 kg), although given in the problem, is not used in the solution. Angular momentum conservation leads to I i i Ii i = I f f f = = 3.4 rad / s. I i + mR 2

FG IJ H K

Problem 11-45 A wheel is rotating freely at angular speed 800 rev/min on a shaft whose rotational inertia is negligible. A second wheel, initially at rest and with twice the rotational inertia of the rst, is suddenly coupled to the same shaft. (a) What is the angular speed of the resultant combination of the shaft and two wheels? (b) What fraction of the original rotational kinetic energy is lost? 800 / ab
: 26

Problem 11-55 A uniform thin rod of length 0.500 m and mass 4.00 kg can rotate in a horizontal plane about a vertical axis through its center. The rod is at rest when a 3.00 g bullet traveling in the rotation plane is red into one end of the rod. As viewed from above, the bullets path makes angle = 600 with the rod (Fig. 11-52). If the bullet lodges in the rod and the angular velocity of the rod is 10 rad/s immediately after the collision, what is the bullets speed just before impact? 0.5 4
21 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

3g = 600 11-52 10 rad/s

Lmvp + 1 ML2 = Ip + 1 ML2 12 12 2 where one must be careful to avoid confusing the length of the rod (L = 0.800 m) with the angular momentum symbol. Note that Ip = m(L/2)2 by Eq.10-33, and = vend/r = (vp 6)/(L/2), where the latter relation follows from the penultimate sentence in the problem (and 6 stands for 6.00 m/s here). Since M = 3m and = 20 rad/s, we end up with enough information to solve for the particle speed: vp = 11.0 m/s.
Problem 11-58 In Fig. 11-54, a 1.0 g bullet is red into a 0.50 kg block attached to the end of a 0.60 m nonuniform rod of mass 0.50 kg. The block rod bullet system then rotates in the plane of the gure, about a xed axis at A. The rotational inertia of the rod alone about that axis at A is 0.06kg m 2 . Treat the block as a particle (a) What then is the rotational inertia of the block rod bullet system about point A? (b) If the angular speed of the system about A just after impact is 4.5 rad/s, what is the bullets speed just before impact? 11-54 1g 0.5gk 0.6 0.5kg -- A A 0.06kg m2 a A-- b 4.5 rad/s

11-52 <> 0.5m r = 0.25m rmv sin = (0.25m)(0.003kg )(v )sin 600
ML2 + mr 2 12 ML2 (4)(0.5) 2 ( + mr 2 ) = [ + (0.003)(0.25) 2 ](10) 12 12 ML2 + mr 2 ) rmv sin = ( 12 ML2 (4)(0.5) 2 ( + mr 2 ) [ + (0.003)(0.25)2 ](10) 12 v = 12 = = 1.3 103 m / s rm sin (0.25)(0.003) sin 600

I = I rod + mr 2 =

Problem 11-57 Figure 11-53 is an overhead view of a thin uniform rod of length 0.800 m and mass M rotating horizontally at angular speed 20.0 rad/s about an axis through its center. A particle of mass M/3.00 initially attached to one end is ejected from the rod and travels along a path that is perpendicular to the rod at the instant of ejection. If the particles speed v p is 6.00 m/s greater than the speed of the

rod end just after ejection, what is the value of v p ?

11-53 0.8 M 20 / M/3 v p 6 / v p 11-54 <>(a) With r = 0.60 m, we obtain I = 0.060 + (0.501)r2 = 0.24 kg m2. (b) Invoking angular momentum conservation, with SI units understood, A 0 = L f mv0 r = I ( 0.001) v0 ( 0.60 ) = ( 0.24 )( 4.5 )

which leads to v0 = 1.8 103 m/s.

Problem 11-59 A uniform disk of mass 10m and radius 3.0r can rotate freely about its xed center like a merry-go-round. A smaller uniform disk of mass m and radius r lies on top of the larger disk, concentric with it. Initially the two disks rotate together with an angular velocity of 20 rad/s. Then a slight disturbance causes the smaller disk to slide outward across the larger disk, until the outer edge of the smaller disk catches on the outer edge of the larger disk. Afterward, the two disks again rotate together (without further sliding). (a) What then is their angular velocity about the center of
23 26 !

11-53 <>By angular momentum conservation (Eq. 11-33), the total angular momentum after the explosion must be equal to before the explosion: L p + Lr = L p + Lr
22 26

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

the larger disk? (b) What is the ratio K / K 0 of the new kinetic energy of the two-disk system to the systems initial kinetic energy?
10m 3r m r 20rad/s a b K / K 0

<> M = 10m R = 3r I big =

m = m r = r I small =

1 1 90 MR 2 = (10m)(3r 2 ) = mr 2 2 2 2

11-55 <>We make the unconventional choice of clockwise sense as positive, so that the angular

1 2 mr 2 90 1 91 I 0 = I big + I small = mr 2 + mr 2 = mr 2 2 2 2 h = R r = 3r r = 2r 90 1 99 I 0 = I big + I small = I big + ( I small + mh 2 ) = mr 2 + mr 2 + m(2r ) 2 = mr 2 2 2 2 (a) I 00 = I 91 2 mr I = 0 0 = 2 (20) = 18rad / s 99 2 I mr 2 I 99 91 = = (b) I 0 91 0 99 1 2 I I K 99 91 = 2 = ( ) 2 = ( ) 2 = 0.92 1 I 91 99 K0 2 0 0 I 00 2
Problem 11-61 The uniform rod (length 0.60 m, mass 1.0 kg) in Fig. 11-55 rotates in the plane of the gure about an axis through one end, with a rotational inertia of 0.12kg m 2 . As the rod swings through its lowest position, it collides with a 0.20 kg putty wad that sticks to the end of the rod. If the rods angular speed just before collision is 2.4 rad/s, what is the angular speed of the rodputty system immediately after collision? 0.6 1 11-55 0.12kg m2 0.2 2.4 /-

velocities in this problem are positive. With r = 0.6m and I 0 = 0.12kg m 2 , the rotational inertia of the putty-rod system (after the collision) is I = I 0 + (0.2)r 2 = 0.19kg m 2 Invoking angular momentum conservation L0 = L f or I 00 = I , we have

I0 0.12 kg m 2 0 = ( 2.4 rad/s ) = 1.5 rad/s. I 0.19 kg m 2

Problem 11-67 Two 2.00 kg balls are attached to the ends of a thin rod of length 50.0 cm and negligible mass. The rod is free to rotate in a vertical plane without friction about a horizontal axis through its center. With the rod initially horizontal (Fig. 11-60), a 50.0 g wad of wet putty drops onto one of the balls, hitting it with a speed of 3.00 m/s and then sticking to it. (a) What is the angular speed of the system just after the putty wad hits? (b) What is the ratio of the kinetic energy of the system after the collision to that of the putty wad just before? (c) Through what angle will the system rotate before it momentarily stops? 2 50 11-60 50 3.00 / a bc

11-60 <>(a) If we consider a short time interval from just before the wad hits to just after it hits and sticks, we may use the principle of conservation of angular momentum. The initial
24 26 25 26 !

Fundamentals of Physics Halliday & Resnic

angular momentum is the angular momentum of the falling putty wad. The wad initially moves along a line that is d/2 distant from the axis of rotation, where d = 0.500 m is the length of the rod. The angular momentum of the wad is mvd/2 where m = 0.0500 kg and v = 3.00 m/s are the mass and initial speed of the wad. After the wad sticks, the rod has angular velocity and angular momentum I, where I is the rotational inertia of the system consisting of the rod with the two balls and the wad at its end. Conservation of angular momentum yields mvd/2 = I where I = (2M + m)(d/2)2 and M = 2.00 kg is the mass of each of the balls. We solve mvd 2 = 2 M + m d 2
2

gb g

for the angular speed: 2 ( 0.0500 kg )( 3.00 m/s ) 2mv = = = 0.148 rad s. ( 2M + m ) d ( 2 ( 2.00 kg ) + 0.0500 kg ) ( 0.500 m )
1 1 mv 2 , the final kinetic energy is K f = 2 (b) The initial kinetic energy is Ki = 2 I 2 , and

their ratio is K f Ki = I 2 mv 2 . When I = 2 M + m d 2 4 and

= 2mv 2 M + m d are substituted, this becomes

0.0500 kg m = = = 0.0123. K i 2 M + m 2 ( 2.00 kg ) + 0.0500 kg (c) As the rod rotates, the sum of its kinetic and potential energies is conserved. If one of the balls is lowered a distance h, the other is raised the same distance and the sum of the potential energies of the balls does not change. We need consider only the potential energy of the putty wad. It moves through a 90 arc to reach the lowest point on its path, gaining kinetic energy and losing gravitational potential energy as it goes. It then swings up through an angle , losing kinetic energy and gaining potential energy, until it momentarily comes to rest. Take the lowest point on the path to be the zero of potential energy. It starts a distance d/2 above this point, so its initial potential energy is Ui = mgd/2. If it swings up to the angular position , as measured from its lowest point, then its final height is (d/2)(1 cos ) above the lowest point and its final potential energy is U f = mg d 2 1 cos . The initial kinetic energy is the sum of that of the balls and wad: 1 1 2 K i = I 2 = ( 2 M + m )( d 2 ) 2 . 2 2 At its final position, we have Kf = 0. Conservation of energy provides the relation: 2 d 1 d d mg + 2 M + m 2 = mg 1 cos . 2 2 2 2 When this equation is solved for cos , the result is 2 2.00 kg ) + 0.0500 kg 0.500 m 1 2M + m d 2 1 2 ( cos = = ( 0.148 rad s ) 2 mg 2 2 ( 0.0500 kg ) 9.8 m s 2 2 = 0.0226. Consequently, the result for is 91.3. The total angle through which it has swung is 90 + 91.3 = 181. Kf

b gb

gFGH IJK

26 26