10b 2901 Comm Core Report Complete WEB 101117

ReSeArch RePOrT 2010-5A
Common Core State Standards Alignment

ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT
By Natasha Vasavada, Elaine Carman, Beth Hart and Danielle Luisier
Natasha Vasavada is the executive director of Standards and Curriculum Alignment Services at the College Board. Elaine Carman is the director of Mathematics Curriculum and Standards at the College Board. Beth Hart is the director of English Language Arts Curriculum and Standards at the College Board. Danielle Luisier is the director of Standards and Curriculum Alignment Services at the College Board. Mission Statement The College Boards mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. We are a not-for-prot membership organization committed to excellence and equity in education. The College Board The College Board is a not-for-prot membership association whose mission is to connect students to college success and opportunity. Founded in 1900, the College Board is composed of more than 5,700 schools, colleges, universities and other educational organizations. Each year, the College Board serves seven million students and their parents, 23,000 high schools and 3,800 colleges through major programs and services in college readiness, college admission, guidance, assessment, nancial aid and enrollment. Among its widely recognized programs are the SAT, the PSAT/NMSQT, the Advanced Placement Program (AP), SpringBoard and ACCUPLACER. The College Board is committed to the principles of excellence and equity and that commitment is embodied in all of its programs, services, activities and concerns.
2010 The College Board. College Board, ACCUPLACER, Advanced Placement Program, AP , SAT, SpringBoard and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of the College Board. College Board Standards for College Success, inspiring minds and Skills Insight are trademarks owned by the College Board. PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation. All other products and services may be trademarks of their respective owners. Printed in the United States of America.
ALIGNM
For more information on College Board research and data, visit www.collegeboard.com/research.
Contents
Introduction.............................................................................................................. 2 Content for Comparison. .......................................................................................... 3 Comparing Standards and Assessments............................................................... 4 Summary of the Alignment Between the Common Core State Standards and the College Board Assessments...................................................................... 5 Alignment Summary Table. ..................................................................................... 6 References. ................................................................................................................ 7 Appendixes Appendix A: ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Insight Categories and Descriptions Appendix B: ReadiStep ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table Appendix C: PSAT/NMSQT ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table Appendix D: SAT ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table Appendix E: ReadiStep Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table Appendix F: PSAT/NMSQT Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table Appendix G: SAT Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table
MENT
How ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT Align to the Common Core State Standards
Introduction
The College Board has been a strong advocate for and played an active role in the development of the Common Core State Standards. As part of this collaboration, the College Board helped draft the standards and helped shape the initiative by providing executive guidance on the Common Core Advisory Committee. The goal of the Common Core State Standards to establish a common set of rigorous expectations to prepare students for college and career readiness strongly reects the guiding missions and values of the College Board, as well as of our programs and services. Prior to the development of these Common Core State Standards, the College Board established blue ribbon panels in English Language Arts, Mathematics and Statistics, and Science to dene the skills and knowledge students must develop and master to succeed in college and the workforce in the 21st century. This effort resulted in the development of the College Board Standards for College Success. These standards for English Language Arts, Mathematics and Statistics, and Science were based on empirical research conducted by the University of Oregons Center for Educational Policy Research in collaboration with the Association of American Universities. The standards are benchmarked against the Advanced Placement Program as well as national and international frameworks including NAEP , TIMSS and PISA (Wiley, Wyatt & Camara, 2010). These standards were an important resource in the development of the Common Core State Standards because they were based and benchmarked on empirical evidence related to college success. The College Board recognizes that dening clear, consistent and rigorous standards is just the start of ensuring educational improvement. The College Board actively works with states and districts as they build their Common Core implementation plans, and we continue to provide guidance and technical assistance in the areas of: comprehensive alignment services; benchmarking standards, assessments and performance level indicators against college outcomes; Common Core implementation plan development; and professional development. In support of near-term goals, the College Board has developed this alignment study to document the existing correspondence between assessments in our College Readiness Pathway and the Common Core State Standards. This report is focused on the College Board College Readiness Pathway, comprising ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT college readiness assessments taken by millions of students annually. As new assessments emerge and existing assessments are
2 College Board Research Reports
All of the knowledge and skills measured by ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT are represented in the Common Core.
enhanced, the College Board will conduct additional studies to understand the alignment of other forms of assessments that may be administered in support of the Common Core State Standards, including end-of-course and end-of-domain assessments.
Content for Comparison

Common Core State Standards
The Common Core State Standards articulate the knowledge and skills students need to be ready to succeed in college and careers. They were designed to be (1) anchored in research and evidence; (2) aligned to college and workplace expectations; (3) rigorous, clear and consistent; and (4) reective of best practices in international frameworks. The standards span kindergarten through 12th grade.
The College Board College Readiness Pathway

The College Board College Readiness Pathway is an assessment system that measures the reading, writing and mathematical knowledge and skills that students need to be on track to graduate high school college-ready. It consists of ReadiStep, administered in grade eight; the PSAT/NMSQT, administered in grades 1011; and the SAT, administered in grades 1112. Together, these programs assess the college readiness of students as they progress from middle school to college entrance. ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT measure the reading, writing and mathematics knowledge and skills that students are learning every day in middle and high school classrooms and that are critical for success in college and beyond. Through curriculum surveys and alignment analyses, the College Board regularly studies classroom instructional practices, state standards and district curriculum frameworks, as well as the course content of rst-year college courses, to ensure that the assessments measure the content knowledge and cognitive processes students need for college readiness.
ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT strongly align to the Common Core State Standards.
The assessments in the College Readiness Pathway are rigorously developed to provide the highest quality measurement and feedback. All three assessments measure the same constructs, use similar question formats and have similar score scales, which are linked to provide a vertical articulation of college readiness. ReadiStep and the PSAT/NMSQT also report projected scores on the next assessment in the sequence leading to the SAT and to college success. The feedback and tools provided by the three assessments help students improve their skills and help schools and districts make curricular changes that improve student learning and reduce the need for remediation in college.
College Board Research Reports
Comparing Standards and Assessments

Researchers and organizations have developed different methodologies and approaches to align standards (Brown & Conley, 2007; Rothman, 2003; Webb, 1997 , 1999; Porter, 2002; Achieve, 2007 , 2010; College Board, 2008, 2010; Blank, 2007) and the spectrum of alignment approaches varies in terms of rigor and accuracy. The College Board employs rigorous alignment methodologies as it compares standards, curricula and assessment frameworks and consistently adheres to the following alignment principles, which are recognized as best practices by thought leaders in the eld: Deep and careful consideration must be given to the full intent and scope of each standards statement, with attention to both the content and skill components of the standard. Alignments must be made to the most specic component or grain size of the standard. In the alignment of standards to assessments, alignments must consider what is specically measured by the assessment, not skills and practices that stretch beyond the scope of the assessment. Additionally, consideration must be given to the environment in which the assessment is administered (classroom, large scale, computer based), which may inuence the alignments. Consideration and attention must be given to both content and cognitive demand (rigor) when developing alignments between standards and assessments. These alignment principles are apparent in the alignment methodologies developed by Norman Webb and Andrew Porter, as well as in the nationally recognized work from organizations such as Achieve, WestEd, the Educational Policy Improvement Center (EPIC), the Center for Assessment and the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum (SEC) Project led by the Council of Chief State School Ofcers in partnership with the University of Wisconsin. For this study, the College Board applied these alignment principles to compare the Common Core State Standards to the ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Insight categories (Skills Categories). The knowledge and skills represented by each Skills Category are dened for each score band in the Skills Insight tool, which is available for each assessment. The content knowledge and skills measured on each assessment are described in greater detail in Appendix A. Full consideration was also given to the item types in reading, writing and mathematics. For the SAT essay, this evaluation relied on the scoring guide to articulate the key writing skills required by the essay section of the SAT. The College Board aligned ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT to the following Common Core grade levels: ReadiStep: English Language Arts, Grades 78; Mathematics, Grades 68 and Mathematical Practices PSAT/NMSQT: English Language Arts, Grades 912 and Anchor/College and Career Readiness Standards; Mathematics, Grades 912 and Mathematical Practices SAT: English Language Arts, Grades 1112 and Anchor/College and Career Readiness Standards; Mathematics, Grades 912 and Mathematical Practices
Summary of the Alignment Between the Common Core State Standards and the College Board Assessments
Reading
There is strong alignment between the College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Reading and the reading sections of the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT. Additionally, ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT successfully align to both the Reading Standards for Literature and the Reading Standards for Informational Text.
Writing
There is strong alignment between the College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Writing and the writing section of the SAT and partial alignment with the PSAT/NMSQT. Additionally, ReadiStep and the PSAT/NMSQT partially address the Common Core Writing Standards. The skills measured by the writing skills section of ReadiStep and the PSAT/NMSQT writing section are primarily those of revision and do not directly address the Common Core elements of writing arguments, informational/explanatory texts and narratives. The SAT demonstrates strong alignment to the Common Core Writing Standards and there is very strong agreement between the skills required on the SAT essay and the Common Core State Standards.
Language
The College and Career Readiness Anchor Standards for Language are entirely addressed by both the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT. There is strong alignment between ReadiStep, the PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT and the Common Core Language Standards in that the majority of the Common Core State Standards are addressed by the College Board assessments.
Mathematics
There is very strong alignment between ReadiStep and the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content, grades 68 and all of the Standards for Mathematical Practice align to this assessment. The PSAT/NMSQT and the SAT also demonstrate strong alignment to the Common Core State Standards for Mathematical Content, grades 912 and all of the Standards for Mathematical Practice are entirely addressed by these assessments.
Common Core states and districts can implement the aligned College Readiness Pathway with condence.
Detailed alignments and notes related to this analysis are included in the side-by-side tables found in Appendix B through Appendix G.
Alignment Summary Table

Common Core State Standards
Reading Anchor Standards/CCR Reading Standards for Literature Reading Standards for Informational Text Writing Anchor Standards/CCR Writing Standards Language Anchor Standards/CCR Language Standards/Language Progressive Skills Standards for Mathematical Content, Grades 68 Standards for Mathematical Content, Grades 912 Standards for Mathematical Practice, Grades K12
1
Percentage of the Common Core Aligned to College Board Assessments2 PSAT/ ReadiStep SAT NMSQT
N/A* 72% 90% N/A* 42% N/A* 74% 98% N/A* 100% 90% 72% 75% 20% 42% 100% 75% N/A 78% 100% 90% 78% 70% 60% 83% 100% 82% N/A 78% 100%
*The Anchor Standards In Reading, Writing, Speaking and Listening, and Language are exit-level college readiness standards meant to be considered in tandem with grades 912 ELA standards. ReadiStep is a middle school assessment and has not been linked to these standards. For similar reasons, ReadiStep was not linked to the grades 912 Mathematics Standards.
1. The Common Core Speaking and Listening Standards as well as the Standards for Literacy in History/ Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects were not included within the scope of this alignment study. The Speaking and Listening Standards are best addressed through classroom performance tasks and teacher observation. The Standards for Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects are designed to inform literacy instruction across the disciplines and are also best matched to assessments anchored in those disciplines. 2. As noted earlier, ReadiStep was aligned to grades 68 standards, whereas the PSAT/NMSQT and SAT were aligned to high school standards.
References
Achieve. (2007). Aligned expectations? A closer look at college admissions and placement tests. Washington, DC: Author. Achieve. (2010). A comparison of the Common Core State Standards for mathematics to the American Diploma Project Benchmarks for mathematics. Washington, DC: Author. Blank, R. K. (2007). Alignment content analysis of NAEP 2007 Mathematics assessment using the Surveys of Enacted Curriculum methodology. National Center for Education Statistics. Brown, R. S. and Conley, D.T. (2007). Comparing state high school assessments to standards for success in entry-level university courses. Journal of Educational Assessment, 12(2), 137160. College Board. (2008). Report on the rigor and alignment to college readiness of the Colorado Model Content Standards for Reading and Writing and Mathematics. New York: The College Board. College Board. (2010). How the College Board Standards for College Success align to the Common Core State Standards. New York: The College Board. Porter, A. C. (2002). Measuring the content of instruction: Uses in research and practice. Educational Researcher, 31(7), 314. Rothman, R. (2003). Imperfect matches: The alignment of standards and tests. National Research Council. Webb, N. L. (1997). Criteria for alignment of expectations and assessments in mathematics and science education (Research Monograph No. 6). Washington, DC: Council of Chief State School Officers. Webb, N. L. (1999). Alignment of science and mathematics standards and assessments in four states (Research Monograph No. 18). Madison, WI: University of WisconsinWisconsin, National Institute for Science Education. Wiley, A., Wyatt, J., & Camara, W. J. (2010). The development of a multidimensional college readiness index (College Board Research Report 2010-3). Retrieved from http://professionals.collegeboard.com/profdownload/pdf/10b_2084_DevMultiDimenRR_ WEB_100618.pdf
Appendix A
ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Insight Categories and Descriptions
Appendix A: ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Categories and Descriptions

Skills Insight
ThisalignmentisbasedontheReadiStep,PSAT/NMSQTandSATSkillsInsightCategories(Skills Categories).TheSkillsCategoriesoutlinetheacademiccontentandskillsmeasuredbythe assessments,andastheseSkillsCategoriesweredevelopedusingreleasedtestitemsandforms,they representthespectrumofcontentandskillsfoundontheassessments.FortheSATessay,this evaluationreliedonthescoringguidetoarticulatethekeywritingskillsrequiredbytheessaysection oftheSAT.Seebelowforamoredetaileddescriptionofeachskillcategory.
ReadiStep Skills Categories Mathematics

Number&Operations Studentscanunderstandnumbers,numbersystemsandoperations.Theycandoarithmeticword problems,includingthoseinvolvingpercent,ratioandproportion.Theyknowpropertiesofintegers andelementarynumbertheory.Theycancomputefluentlywithrationalnumbersexpressedin fractionandindecimalform.Theycansolveproblemsinvolvingsetsandsequencesofnumbers. Algebra&Functions Studentscanunderstand,writeandsimplifylinearalgebraicexpressions.Theycansolvelinear equationsandinequalities.Theycanusemathematicalmodelstorepresentandunderstand quantitativerelationships.Theycanworkwithabsolutevalueexpressionsinvolvingavariable. Geometry&Measurement Studentscananalyzecharacteristicsandpropertiesofpoints,linesandanglesintheplane.Theycan solveproblemsinvolvinglength,areaandvolume.Theyknowandcanapplyanglesumpropertyof trianglesandthePythagoreanTheorem.Theycanidentifypointsandworkwithtranslationand reflectionofgeometricfiguresinthecoordinateplane.Theyarefamiliarwiththeconceptsof parallelism,transversalandverticalangles,aswellassimilarityofgeometricfigures. Data,Statistics&Probability Studentscanunderstandandinterpretdatadisplayedintablesandgraphs,includingbargraphs, pictographsandcirclegraphs.Theycanevaluateinferencesandpredictionsthatarebasedondata. Theycanunderstandandusedescriptivestatistics,includingthemeanandmedian.Theycanapply basicconceptsofprobabilitytosolveproblems. ProblemSolving Studentscansolveproblemsthatariseinabstractaswellasrealcontexts.Theycanapplyandadapt avarietyofappropriatestrategiestosolveproblems,includingbothroutineandnonroutine
problems.Theycanmonitortheirprocessastheyworktowardthesolutiontoaproblem,andthey canevaluatetheiranswerintermsoftheoriginalquestionasked. Representation Studentscancreateanduserepresentationstoorganize,recordandcommunicatemathematical ideas.Theycanselect,applyandtranslateamongmathematicalrepresentations,includingthe verbal,numerical,symbolicandgraphical,tosolveproblems. Reasoning Studentscanrecognizereasoningandproofasfundamentalaspectsofmathematics.Theycanmake andinvestigatemathematicalconjectures,andtheycandevelopandevaluatemathematical argumentsandproofs.Theycanusewhattheyknowandbuildalogicalprogressionofstatementsto explorethetruthoftheirconjectures.Theycanbreakthingsdownintocases,canrecognizeanduse counterexamples,andcanuselogictojustifytheirconclusions. Connections Studentscanrecognizeanduseconnectionsamongdifferentareasinmathematics,particularly betweengeometryandalgebra.Theycanunderstandhowmathematicalideasinterconnectand buildononeanothertoproduceacoherentwhole.Theycanalsorecognizeandapplymathematics inappliedcontexts. Communication Studentscanusethedefinitions,symbolsandnotationofmathematicstoexpressmathematical ideasprecisely.Theycanorganizeandconsolidatetheirmathematicalthinkingthrough communication.Theycancommunicatetheirmathematicalthinkingcoherentlyandclearly.They cananalyzeandevaluatethemathematicalthinkingandstrategiesofothers.
Critical Reading
DeterminingtheMeaningofWords UnderstandingofvocabularyandsentencestructureStudentdeterminesthemeaningofawordin asentenceorasectionoftextbyusingcontextclues,knowledgeofthemeaningofwords, knowledgeofrootwordsandaffixes,andunderstandingofhowthedifferentpartsofasentencefit together.
AuthorsCraft UnderstandingofanauthorsuseoflanguageanddevicesStudentunderstandsanauthors purposeinatext.Studentrecognizesthatauthorsusewordchoice,literarydevicesandrhetorical devicestoachievecertaineffects.
ReasoningandInferencing UseofreasoningandcriticalthinkingtoextendorelaborateonatextStudentusesreasoningto connectideaswithinatextoracrossshorttextsandtodrawconclusionsaboutatextortexts. Studentmakesinferencesandrecognizesimplicationsinatext.
OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingofideasandrecognitionofatextsorganizationStudentunderstands,connects andcomparesideaswithinatextoracrossshorttexts.Studentunderstandshowatextisorganized andrecognizesthefunctionsofdifferentpartsofatext.
UnderstandingLiteraryElements UseofknowledgeofliteraryelementsStudentusesunderstandingofsetting,plot, characterization,themeandnarrativeperspective(pointofview)whenanalyzingaliterarytext.
Writing
ManageWordChoiceandGrammaticalRelationshipsBetweenWords Studentknowspartsofspeechandhowtheyagreeinawellformedsentence(forexample,subject verbobjectagreement;pronouncase,referenceandagreement;verbformandtense;consistency ofvoiceandperson).Studentcorrectserrorsingrammaticalrelationshipsbetweenandamong wordsinasentenceinordertocommunicateideasclearlyandconcisely. ManageGrammaticalStructuresUsedtoModifyorCompare Studentmanagesmodifiersandobjects(forexample,adjectivesandnouns,adverbsandverbsor adjectives,modifyingclausesandtheirobjects)toensurethatthemodifierobjectreferencesare clear,logicalandcorrectlyformed.Studentcorrectserrorsinmodifierobjectreferences, comparativestructuresandsuperlativestructuresinasentencetocommunicateideasclearlyand concisely. ManagePhrasesandClausesinaSentence Studentuseswellformedsentencestructures(forexample,subordinate,coordinateandrelative clauses;parallelism;andproperconnectives)toindicaterelationsbetweenandamongelementsofa sentence.Studentrecognizeswhenclausesareformedcorrectlyusingappropriatesubjectsandverb forms(forexample,infinitives,gerundsandparticiples).Studentcorrectserrorsinhowphrasesand clausesarestructuredinasentencetocommunicateideasclearlyandconcisely. RecognizeCorrectlyFormedSentences Studentknowspartsofspeechandunderstandshowtheyagreeinwellformedsentences.Student understandsthefunctionofmodifyingwordsandphrasesandrecognizeswhentheyareused correctly.Studentunderstandstherelationshipsbetweenphrasesandclausesinwellformed sentencesandrecognizeswhenclausesareformedcorrectlyusingappropriatesubjectsandverb forms. ManageOrderandRelationshipsofSentencesandParagraphs Studentrecognizesthataclearorganizationandasmoothprogressionofideasimprovecoherence bothwithinandamongtheparagraphsinanessay.Studentsignalsthemainpointortheme,uses effectivetransitionstosignaldevelopmentandusesrhetoricalconventionstostructureideas. Studentcorrectserrorsinorganizationanddevelopmenttoimprovethefocusandflowofa paragraphorparagraphsinanessay.
PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Categories Mathematics
Number&Operations Studentscanunderstandnumbers,numbersystemsandoperations.Theycandoarithmeticword problems,includingthoseinvolvingpercent,ratioandproportion.Theyknowfundamental propertiesofintegersandelementarynumbertheory.Theycancomputefluentlywithrealnumbers,
includingrationalnumbersexpressedinfractionandindecimalform.Theycansolveproblems involvingsetsandproblemsinvolvingsequencesandseries. Algebra&Functions Studentscanunderstand,writeandsimplifyalgebraicexpressions,includingthoseinvolving exponents.Theycansolvelinear,quadratic,rationalandradicalequations,aswellassystemsof equationsandinequalities.Theyarefamiliarwiththeconceptoffunctionandwithfunctional notationandcanusemathematicalmodelstorepresentandunderstandquantitativerelationships. Theycanworkwithabsolutevalueaswellaswithdirectandinversevariation.Theycanusealgebra tosolvewordproblems. Geometry&Measurement Studentscananalyzecharacteristicsandpropertiesofpoints,linesandanglesintheplaneaswellas oftwoandthreedimensionalgeometricshapes.Theycansolveproblemsinvolvinglength,areaand volume.TheyknowandcanapplythePythagoreanTheoremaswellasspecialpropertiesof isosceles,equilateralandrighttriangles.Theycanworkwithgeometricfiguresinthecoordinate planeandarefamiliarwiththeconceptsofslopeandsimilarity.Theycandevelopmathematical argumentsaboutgeometricrelationships. Data,Statistics&Probability Studentscanunderstandandinterpretdatadisplayedintablesandgraphs,includingbargraphs, circlegraphs,linegraphs,histogramsandscatterplots.Theycanevaluateinferencesandpredictions thatarebasedondata.Theycanunderstandandusedescriptivestatistics,includingthemean, medianandmode.Theycanapplybasicconceptsofprobabilitytosolveproblems. ProblemSolving Studentscansolveproblemsthatariseinabstractaswellasrealcontexts.Theycanapplyandadapt avarietyofstrategiestosolveproblems,includingbothroutineandnonroutineproblems.Theycan monitortheirprocessastheyworktowardthesolutiontoaproblem,andtheycanevaluatetheir answerintermsoftheoriginalquestionasked. Representation Studentscancreateanduserepresentationstoorganize,recordandcommunicatemathematical ideas.Theycanselect,applyandtranslateamongmathematicalrepresentations,includingthe verbal,numerical,symbolicandgraphical,tosolveproblems. Reasoning Studentscanrecognizereasoningandproofasfundamentalaspectsofmathematics.Theycanmake andinvestigatemathematicalconjectures,andtheycandevelopandevaluatemathematical argumentsandproofs.Theycanusewhattheyknowandbuildalogicalprogressionofstatementsto explorethetruthoftheirconjectures.Theycanbreakthingsdownintocases,recognizingwhenthe casesexhaustallpossibilities.Theycanrecognizeandusecounterexamples,andtheycanuselogic tojustifytheirconclusions. Connections Studentscanrecognizeanduseconnectionsamongdifferentareasinmathematics,particularly betweengeometryandalgebra.Theycanunderstandhowmathematicalideasinterconnectand buildononeanothertoproduceacoherentwhole.Theycanalsorecognizeandapplymathematics inappliedcontexts.
Communication Studentscanusethedefinitions,symbolsandnotationofmathematicstoexpressmathematical ideasprecisely.Theycanorganizeandconsolidatetheirmathematicalthinkingthrough communication.Theycancommunicatetheirmathematicalthinkingcoherentlyandclearly.They cananalyzeandevaluatethemathematicalthinkingandstrategiesofothers.
Critical Reading
DeterminingtheMeaningofWords Studentanalyzesvocabularyandsentencestructure.Studentusesknowledgeofthemeaningof words,includingdifficultandspecializedvocabulary.Whendeterminingthemeaningofan unfamiliarwordorawordwithmultiplemeanings,studentusescontextclues,suchasother vocabularyinthesentenceorsectionoftext,familiarphrases,wordsthatsignalrelationships,or embeddeddefinitions,andrecognizesandanalyzesroots,prefixesandsuffixes.Studentunderstands howthedifferentpartsofasentencefittogether. AuthorsCraft Studentanalyzesanauthorsuseoflanguageanddevices.Studentunderstandsanauthors intendedpurposeinatext.Studentidentifiesanauthorstoneandrecognizestheuseofword choice,literarydevicesandrhetoricaldevices.Studentunderstandshowanauthorschoicesachieve certaineffectsandsupporthisorherpurposeforwriting. ReasoningandInferencing Studentusesreasoningandcriticalthinkingtoextendorelaborateonatext.Studentusesreasoning toconnect,compare,contrastandintegrateideasandinformationwithinandacrosstexts;to connectanideawithinatexttoadifferentoranalogoussituationoutsidethetext;andtodraw conclusionsthatgobeyondatextortexts.Studentrecognizesimplicationsandinfersinformation thatisnotexplicitlystatedinatext. OrganizationandIdeas Studentanalyzestheideasinandorganizationofatext.Studentidentifiesthecentralormainidea andthesupportingdetailsofatextorasectionoftext.Studentconnects,analyzesandunderstands therelationshipofideaswithinatextoracrosstextsandmakestextbasedconclusions.Student understandshowatextisorganizedandrecognizesthefunctionsofdifferentpartsofatext. UnderstandingLiteraryElements Studentusesknowledgeofliteraryelements.Studentrecognizesandunderstandselementsof setting,plot,characterization,themeandnarrativeperspective(pointofview).
Writing
ManageWordChoiceandGrammaticalRelationshipsBetweenWords Studentknowspartsofspeechandhowtheyagreeinawellformedsentence(forexample,subject verbobjectagreement;subjectverbcomplementagreement[SATonly];pronouncase,reference andagreement;verbformandtense;consistencyofvoiceandperson).Studentcorrectserrorsin grammaticalrelationshipsbetweenandamongwordsinasentenceinordertocommunicateideas clearlyandconcisely.
ManageGrammaticalStructuresUsedtoModifyorCompare Studentmanagesmodifiersandobjects(forexample,adjectivesandnouns,adverbsandverbsor adjectives,modifyingclausesandtheirobjects)toensurethatthemodifierobjectreferencesare clear,logicalandcorrectlyformed.Studentcorrectserrorsinmodifierobjectreferences, comparativestructuresandsuperlativestructuresinasentencetocommunicateideasclearlyand concisely. ManagePhrasesandClausesinaSentence Studentuseswellformedsentencestructures(forexample,subordinate,coordinateandrelative clauses;parallelism;andproperconnectives)toindicaterelationsbetweenandamongelementsofa sentence.Studentrecognizeswhenclausesareformedcorrectlyusingappropriatesubjectsandverb forms(forexample,infinitives,gerundsandparticiples).Studentcorrectserrorsinhowphrasesand clausesarestructuredinasentencetocommunicateideasclearlyandconcisely. RecognizeCorrectlyFormedSentences Studentknowspartsofspeechandunderstandshowtheyagreeinwellformedsentences.Student understandsthefunctionofmodifyingwordsandphrasesandrecognizeswhentheyareused correctly.Studentunderstandstherelationshipsbetweenphrasesandclausesinwellformed sentencesandrecognizeswhenclausesareformedcorrectlyusingappropriatesubjectsandverb forms. ManageOrderandRelationshipsofSentencesandParagraphs Studentrecognizesthataclearorganizationandasmoothprogressionofideasimprovecoherence bothwithinandamongtheparagraphsinanessay.Studentsignalsthemainpointortheme,uses effectivetransitionstosignaldevelopment,andusesrhetoricalconventionstostructureideas. Studentcorrectserrorsinorganizationanddevelopmenttoimprovethefocusandflowofa paragraphorparagraphsinanessay.
SAT Essay
PointofView/Position Essaydevelopsapointofviewontheissueanddemonstratesstrongcriticalthinking. UseofEvidenceandExamples Essayusesappropriateexamples,reasonsandotherevidencetosupportitsposition. OrganizationandFocus Essayiswellorganizedandfocused,demonstratingcoherenceandprogressionofideas. FacilityintheUseofLanguageandVocabulary Essayexhibitsfacilityintheuseoflanguage,usingappropriatevocabulary. VarietyinSentenceStructure Essaydemonstratesvarietyinsentencestructure. Grammar,UsageandMechanics Essayisfreeofmosterrorsingrammar,usageandmechanics.
Appendix B
ReadiStep ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table
EnglishLanguageArtsSideBySideAlignmentTables: ReadiStepCommonCoreStateStandards
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand
Reading Standardsfor Literature
Band
Standard
Citeseveralpiecesoftextualevidencetosupport analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext. Determineathemeorcentralideaofatextandanalyze itsdevelopmentoverthecourseofthetext;providean objectivesummaryofthetext.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedReadiStep Skill
Comments
ReadiStepdoesnotrequirethatstudents providetextualevidence;however,students mustbaseinferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritemstem.
KeyIdeasand Details
RL.7.1
ReasoningandInferencing OrganizationandIdeas
RL.7.2
OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Analyzehowparticularelementsofastoryordrama interact(e.g.,howsettingshapesthecharactersorplot). Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurativeandconnotative meanings;analyzetheimpactofrhymesandother repetitionsofsounds(e.g.,alliteration)onaspecific verseorstanzaofapoemorsectionofastoryordrama. Analyzehowadramasorpoemsformorstructure(e.g., soliloquy,sonnet)contributestoitsmeaning. Analyzehowanauthordevelopsandcontraststhe pointsofviewofdifferentcharactersornarratorsina text. Compareandcontrastawrittenstory,drama,orpoem toitsaudio,filmed,staged,ormultimediaversion, analyzingtheeffectsoftechniquesuniquetoeach medium(e.g.,lighting,sound,color,orcamerafocusand anglesinafilm). (Notapplicabletoliterature)
RL.7.3
Craftand Structure
RL.7.4
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words ReadiStepdoesnotincludepoetry.
RL.7.5 UnderstandingLiterary Elements
ReadiStepdoesnotincludepoetryordrama.
RL.7.6
Integrationof Knowledgeand Ideas
RL.7.7 RL.7.8
ThemediacomponentofthisCCSSisbeyond thescopeofReadiStep.
Compareandcontrastafictionalportrayalofatime, place,orcharacterandahistoricalaccount ofthesameperiodasameansofunderstandinghow authorsoffictionuseoralterhistory. Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterature, includingstories,dramas,andpoems,inthegrades68 RangeofReading textcomplexitybandproficiently,withscaffoldingas andLevelofText neededatthehighendofthe range. Complexity
RL.7.9
ReadiSteprequiresthatstudentscompare texts,butnotinthisspecificcontext.
RL.7.10
PassagesforReadiSteparechosenbya DeterminingtheMeaningof processthatconsiderscomplexityandgrade Words levelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas ReadiStepdoesnotrequirethatstudents providetextualevidence;however,students mustbaseinferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritemstem.
KeyIdeasand Details
Citethetextualevidencethatmoststronglysupportsan analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.
RL.8.1
2010TheCollegeBoard.
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band Standard
Determineathemeorcentralideaofatextandanalyze itsdevelopmentoverthecourseofthetext,includingits relationshiptothecharacters,setting,andplot;provide anobjectivesummaryofthetext.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
ReadiStepaddressestheskillofsummarizing; however,studentsarenotrequiredtoprovide adirectsummary.
RL.8.2
OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Analyzehowparticularlinesofdialogueorincidentsina storyordramapropeltheaction,revealaspectsofa character,orprovokeadecision.
RL.8.3
Craftand Structure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurativeandconnotative meanings;analyzetheimpactofspecificwordchoices onmeaningandtone,includinganalogiesorallusionsto othertexts.
RL.8.4
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words AuthorsCraft
Compareandcontrastthestructureoftwoormore textsandanalyzehowthedifferingstructureofeach textcontributestoitsmeaningandstyle. Analyzehowdifferencesinthepointsofviewofthe charactersandtheaudienceorreader(e.g.,created throughtheuseofdramaticirony)createsucheffectsas suspenseorhumor.
RL.8.5
OrganizationandIdeas
RL.8.6
AuthorsCraft UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Analyzetheextenttowhichafilmedorliveproduction ofastoryordramastaysfaithfultoordepartsfromthe textorscript,evaluatingthechoicesmadebythe directororactors. (Notapplicabletoliterature) Analyzehowamodernworkoffictiondrawsonthemes, patternsofevents,orcharactertypesfrom myths,traditionalstories,orreligiousworkssuchasthe Bible,includingdescribinghowthematerialisrendered new.
RL.8.7 RL.8.8
Theelementsoffilmedorliveproductionsare beyondthescopeofReadiStep.
RL.8.9
Thisspecifictypeofliteraryanalysisisnot addressedonReadiStep.
Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterature, RangeofReading includingstories,dramas,andpoems,atthehighendof andLevelofText grades68textcomplexitybandindependentlyand proficiently. Complexity
RL.8.10
PassagesforReadiSteparechosenbya DeterminingtheMeaningof processthatconsiderscomplexityandgrade Words levelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas ReadiStepdoesnotrequirethatstudents providetextualevidence;however,students mustbaseinferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritemstem.
Reading Standardsfor KeyIdeasand InformationalText Details
Citeseveralpiecesoftextualevidencetosupport analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.
RI.7.1
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AppendixB
Determinetwoormorecentralideasinatextand analyzetheirdevelopmentoverthecourse ofthetext;provideanobjectivesummaryofthetext. Analyzetheinteractionsbetweenindividuals,events, andideasinatext(e.g.,howideasinfluenceindividuals orevents,orhowindividualsinfluenceideasorevents).
Skill
StandardID
Comments
RI.7.2
RI.7.3
Craftand Structure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurative,connotative,and technicalmeanings;analyzetheimpactofaspecific wordchoiceonmeaningandtone.
RI.7.4
Analyzethestructureanauthorusestoorganizeatext, includinghowthemajorsectionscontributetothe wholeandtothedevelopmentoftheideas. Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurposeinatext andanalyzehowtheauthordistinguisheshisorher positionfromthatofothers.
RI.7.5
RI.7.6
AuthorsCraft OrganizationandIdeas
Compareandcontrastatexttoanaudio,video,or multimediaversionofthetext,analyzingeach mediumsportrayalofthesubject(e.g.,howthedelivery ofaspeechaffectstheimpactofthewords). Traceandevaluatetheargumentandspecificclaimsina text,assessingwhetherthereasoning issoundandtheevidenceisrelevantandsufficientto supporttheclaims.
RI.7.7
Theaudio,videoandmultimediaelementsare beyondthescopeofReadiStep.
RI.7.8
Analyzehowtwoormoreauthorswritingaboutthe sametopicshapetheirpresentationsofkey informationbyemphasizingdifferentevidenceor advancingdifferentinterpretationsoffacts. Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterary RangeofReading nonfictioninthegrades68textcomplexityband andLevelofText proficiently,withscaffoldingasneededatthehighend oftherange. Complexity
RI.7.9
OrganizationandIdeas PassagesforReadiSteparechosenbya DeterminingtheMeaningof processthatconsiderscomplexityandgrade Words levelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas ReadiStepdoesnotrequirethatstudents providetextualevidence;however,students mustbaseinferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritemstem.
RI.7.10
Reading Standardsfor KeyIdeasand InformationalText Details
Citethetextualevidencethatmoststronglysupportsan analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.
RI.8.1
ReasoningandInferencing
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AppendixB
Determineacentralideaofatextandanalyzeits developmentoverthecourseofthetext,includingits relationshiptosupportingideas;provideanobjective summaryofthetext. Analyzehowatextmakesconnectionsamongand distinctionsbetweenindividuals,ideas,orevents(e.g., throughcomparisons,analogies,orcategories).
Skill
StandardID
Comments
RI.8.2
ReasoningandInferencing
RI.8.3
Craftand Structure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurative,connotative,and technicalmeanings;analyzetheimpactofspecificword choicesonmeaningandtone,includinganalogiesor allusionstoothertexts.
RI.8.4
Analyzeindetailthestructureofaspecificparagraphin atext,includingtheroleofparticularsentencesin developingandrefiningakeyconcept. Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurposeinatext andanalyzehowtheauthoracknowledgesandresponds toconflictingevidenceorviewpoints.
RI.8.5
RI.8.6
AuthorsCraft OrganizationandIdeas
Evaluatetheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofusing differentmediums(e.g.,printordigitaltext,video, multimedia)topresentaparticulartopicoridea. Delineateandevaluatetheargumentandspecificclaims inatext,assessingwhetherthereasoningissoundand theevidenceisrelevantandsufficient;recognizewhen irrelevantevidenceisintroduced. Analyzeacaseinwhichtwoormoretextsprovide conflictinginformationonthesametopicandidentify wherethetextsdisagreeonmattersoffactor interpretation.
RI.8.7
Themultimediaelementisbeyondthescope ofReadiStep.
RI.8.8
RI.8.9
OrganizationandIdeas PassagesforReadiSteparechosenbya DeterminingtheMeaningof processthatconsiderscomplexityandgrade Words levelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas
RangeofReading Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterary andLevelofText nonfictionatthehighendofthegrades68text complexitybandindependentlyandproficiently. Complexity Introduceclaim(s),acknowledgealternateor opposingclaims,andorganizethereasonsand evidencelogically.
RI.8.10
Writing
TextTypesand Purposes
Writeargumentstosupportclaimswithclearreasons andrelevantevidence.
W.7.1a
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band Standard Skill StandardID AlignedReadiStep Skill Comments
Supportclaim(s)withlogicalreasoningandrelevant evidence,usingaccurate,crediblesourcesand demonstratinganunderstandingofthetopicortext. W.7.1b Usewords,phrases,andclausestocreatecohesion andclarifytherelationshipsamongclaim(s),reasons, andevidence. W.7.1c Establishandmaintainaformalstyle. W.7.1d ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthat followsfromandsupportstheargumentpresented. W.7.1e Introduceatopicclearly,previewingwhatisto follow;organizeideas,concepts,andinformation, usingstrategiessuchasdefinition,classification, Writeinformative/explanatorytextstoexamineatopic comparison/contrast,andcause/effect;include formatting(e.g.,headings),graphics(e.g.,charts, andconveyideas,concepts,andinformationthrough tables),andmultimediawhenusefultoaiding theselection,organization,andanalysisofrelevant comprehension. content. Developthetopicwithrelevantfacts, definitions,concretedetails,quotations,orother informationandexamples.
W.7.2a
W.7.2b ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Useappropriatetransitionstocreatecohesionand clarifytherelationshipsamongideasandconcepts. W.7.2c
Usepreciselanguageanddomainspecific vocabularytoinformaboutorexplainthetopic. Establishandmaintainaformalstyle. Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthat followsfromandsupportstheinformationor explanationpresented.
W.7.2d W.7.2e
W.7.2f
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Engageandorientthereaderbyestablishinga Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimaginedexperiences contextandpointofviewandintroducinganarrator oreventsusingeffectivetechnique,relevantdescriptive and/orcharacters;organizeaneventsequencethat details,andwellstructuredeventsequences. unfoldsnaturallyandlogically. W.7.3a Usenarrativetechniques,suchasdialogue,pacing, anddescription,todevelopexperiences,events, and/orcharacters. W.7.3b Useavarietyoftransitionwords,phrases,and clausestoconveysequenceandsignalshiftsfrom onetimeframeorsettingtoanother. ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
W.7.3c
Useprecisewordsandphrases,relevantdescriptive details,andsensorylanguagetocapturetheaction andconveyexperiencesandevents. W.7.3d
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band Standard Skill
Provideaconclusionthatfollowsfromandreflects onthenarratedexperiencesorevents. Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthe development,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience.(Grade specificexpectationsforwritingtypesaredefinedin standards13above.) Withsomeguidanceandsupportfrompeersandadults, developandstrengthenwritingasneededbyplanning, revising,editing,rewriting,ortryinganewapproach, focusingonhowwellpurposeandaudiencehavebeen addressed.(Editingforconventionsshoulddemonstrate commandofLanguagestandards13uptoand includinggrade 7onpage52.) Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,toproduceand publishwritingandlinktoandcitesourcesaswellasto interactandcollaboratewithothers,includinglinkingto andcitingsources. Conductshortresearchprojectstoansweraquestion, ResearchtoBuild drawingonseveralsourcesandgeneratingadditional andPresent related,focusedquestionsforfurtherresearchand investigation. Knowledge Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultipleprintand digitalsources,usingsearchtermseffectively;assessthe credibilityandaccuracyofeachsource;andquoteor paraphrasethedataandconclusionsofotherswhile avoidingplagiarismandfollowingastandardformatfor citation.
StandardID
Comments
W.7.3e
Productionand Distributionof Writing
W.7.4
W.7.5
ReadiStepdoesnotaddressplanningortrying anewapproach.
W.7.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthescopeof ReadiStep.
W.7.7
W.7.8 Applygrade7Readingstandards toliterature(e.g., Compareandcontrastafictionalportrayalofa time,place,orcharacterandahistoricalaccountof thesameperiodasameansofunderstandinghow authorsoffictionuseoralterhistory). W.7.9a Applygrade7Readingstandards toliterary nonfiction(e.g.Traceandevaluatetheargument andspecificclaimsinatext,assessingwhetherthe reasoningissoundandtheevidenceisrelevantand sufficienttosupporttheclaims). W.7.9b
Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformationaltextsto supportanalysis,reflection,andresearch.
RangeofWriting
Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes(timefor research,reflection,andrevision)andshortertime frames(asinglesittingoradayortwo)forarangeof disciplinespecifictasks,purposes,andaudiences.
W.7.10
Thereisnodirectwritingmeasureon ReadiStep.
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band
Standard
Writeargumentstosupportclaimswithclearreasons andrelevantevidence.
Skill
Introduceclaim(s),acknowledgeand distinguishtheclaim(s)fromalternateoropposing claims,andorganizethereasonsandevidence logically.
StandardID
Comments
Writing
W.8.1a
Supportclaim(s)withlogicalreasoningandrelevant evidence,usingaccurate,crediblesourcesand demonstratinganunderstandingofthetopicortext. W.8.1b Usewords,phrases,andclausestocreatecohesion andclarifytherelationshipsamongclaim(s), counterclaims,reasons,andevidence. W.8.1c Establishandmaintainaformalstyle. W.8.1d ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthat followsfromandsupportstheargumentpresented. W.8.1e Introduceatopicclearly,previewingwhatisto follow;organizeideas,concepts,andinformation intobroadercategories;includeformatting(e.g., headings),graphics(e.g.,charts,tables),and multimediawhenusefultoaidingcomprehension. Developthetopicwithrelevant,wellchosenfacts, definitions,concretedetails,quotations,orother informationandexamples. Useappropriateandvariedtransitionstocreate cohesionandclarifytherelationshipsamongideas andconcepts.
Writeinformative/explanatorytextstoexamineatopic andconveyideas,concepts,andinformationthrough theselection,organization,andanalysisofrelevant content.
W.8.2a
W.8.2b ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
W.8.2c
Usepreciselanguageanddomainspecific vocabularytoinformaboutorexplainthetopic. Establishandmaintainaformalstyle. Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthat followsfromandsupportstheinformationor explanationpresented.
W.8.2d W.8.2e
W.8.2f
Engageandorientthereaderbyestablishinga Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimaginedexperiences contextandpointofviewandintroducinganarrator oreventsusingeffectivetechnique,relevantdescriptive and/orcharacters;organizeaneventsequencethat details,andwellstructuredeventsequences. unfoldsnaturallyandlogically. W.8.3a Usenarrativetechniques,suchasdialogue,pacing, description,andreflection,todevelopexperiences, events,and/orcharacters. W.8.3b
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AppendixB
Useavarietyoftransitionwords,phrases,and clausestoconveysequence,signalshiftsfromone timeframeorsettingtoanother,andshowthe relationshipsamongexperiencesandevents.
StandardID
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Comments
W.8.3c
Useprecisewordsandphrases,relevantdescriptive details,andsensorylanguagetocapturetheaction andconveyexperiencesandevents. W.8.3d
Provideaconclusionthatfollowsfromandreflects onthenarratedexperiencesorevents. Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthe development,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience.(Grade specificexpectationsforwritingtypesaredefinedin standards13above.) Withsomeguidanceandsupportfrompeersandadults, developandstrengthenwritingasneededbyplanning, revising,editing,rewriting,ortryinganewapproach, focusingonhowwellpurposeandaudiencehavebeen addressed.(Editingforconventionsshoulddemonstrate commandofLanguagestandards13uptoand includinggrade8onpage52.) Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,toproduceand publishwritingandpresenttherelationshipsbetween informationandideasefficientlyaswellastointeract andcollaboratewithothers. Conductshortresearchprojectstoansweraquestion ResearchtoBuild (includingaselfgeneratedquestion),drawingonseveral sourcesandgeneratingadditionalrelated,focused andPresent questionsthatallowformultipleavenuesofexploration. Knowledge Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultipleprintand digitalsources,usingsearchtermseffectively;assessthe credibilityandaccuracyofeachsource;andquoteor paraphrasethedataandconclusionsofotherswhile avoidingplagiarismandfollowingastandardformatfor citation.
W.8.3e
Productionand Distributionof Writing
W.8.4
W.8.5
ReadiStepdoesnotaddressplanningortrying anewapproach.
W.8.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthescopeof ReadiStep.
W.8.7
W.8.8 Applygrade8Readingstandards toliterature(e.g., Analyzehowamodernworkoffictiondrawson themes,patternsofevents,orcharactertypesfrom myths,traditionalstories,orreligiousworkssuchas theBible,includingdescribinghowthematerialis renderednew). W.8.9a
Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformationaltextsto supportanalysis,reflection,andresearch.
8of14
AppendixB
Applygrade8Readingstandards toliterary nonfiction(e.g.,Delineateandevaluatethe argumentandspecificclaimsinatext,assessing whetherthereasoningissoundandtheevidenceis relevantandsufficient;recognizewhenirrelevant evidenceisintroduced). W.8.9b Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes(timefor research,reflection,andrevision)andshortertime frames(asinglesittingoradayortwo)forarangeof disciplinespecifictasks,purposes,andaudiences.
RangeofWriting
W.8.10
Thereisnodirectwritingmeasureon ReadiStep. ReadiSteprequiresthatstudentsunderstand thefunctionofphrasesandclausesina sentence;however,studentsarenotrequired toexplainthesefunctions. ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords
Language
Conventionsof StandardEnglish
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsofstandard Explainthefunctionofphrasesandclausesin generalandtheirfunctioninspecificsentences. Englishgrammarandusagewhenwritingorspeaking. Chooseamongsimple,compound,complex,and compoundcomplexsentencestosignaldiffering relationshipsamongideas. Placephrasesandclauseswithinasentence, recognizingandcorrectingmisplacedanddangling modifiers.*
L.7.1a
L.7.1b
L.7.1c
Ensuresubjectverbandpronounantecedent agreement.
L.3.1f
Producecompletesentences,recognizingand correctinginappropriatefragmentsandrunons.
L.4.1f
Correctlyusefrequentlyconfusedwords(e.g., to/too/two;there/their).
L.4.1g
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverb tense.
L.5.1d
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsin pronounnumberandperson.
L.6.1c
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band Standard Skill StandardID AlignedReadiStep Skill
RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
Recognizeandcorrectvaguepronouns(i.e.,ones withunclearorambiguousantecedents).
L.6.1d
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
RecognizevariationsfromstandardEnglishintheir ownandotherswritingandspeaking,andidentify andusestrategiestoimproveexpressionin conventionallanguage.
L.6.1e
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence
ReadiSteprequiresthatstudentsrecognize variationsfromstandardwrittenEnglishinthe writingofothers.
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsofstandard Useacommatoseparatecoordinateadjectives(e.g., Englishcapitalization,punctuation,andspellingwhen Itwasafascinating,enjoyablemoviebutnotHe woreanold[,]greenshirt ). L.7.2a writing. Spellcorrectly. Usepunctuationtoseparateitemsinaseries. L.7.2b L.5.2a
Usepunctuation(commas,parentheses,dashes)to setoffnonrestrictive/parentheticalelements. L.6.2a Chooselanguagethatexpressesideaspreciselyand concisely,recognizingandeliminatingwordinessand redundancy.* L.7.3a ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Knowledgeof Language
Useknowledgeoflanguageanditsconventionswhen writing,speaking,reading,orlistening.
Choosewordsandphrasesforeffect. Choosepunctuationforeffect.
L.3.3a L.4.3b
Varysentencepatternsformeaning,reader/listener interest,andstyle. L.6.3a
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Maintainconsistencyinstyleandtone.
L.6.3b
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AppendixB
CommonCoreStateStandards Grade Strand Band
Vocabulary Acquisitionand Use
Standard
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknownand multiplemeaningwordsandphrasesbasedongrade7 readingandcontent ,choosingflexiblyfromarangeof strategies.
Skill
StandardID
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words
Comments
Usecontext(e.g.,theoverallmeaningofasentence orparagraph;awordspositionorfunctionina sentence)asacluetothemeaningofawordor phrase. L.7.4a Usecommon,gradeappropriateGreekorLatin affixesandrootsascluestothemeaningofaword (e.g.,belligerent,bellicose,rebel ). L.7.4b Consultgeneralandspecializedreferencematerials (e.g.,dictionaries,glossaries,thesauruses),both printanddigital,tofindthepronunciationofaword ordetermineorclarifyitsprecisemeaningoritspart ofspeech. L.7.4c Verifythepreliminarydeterminationofthemeaning ofawordorphrase(e.g.,bycheckingtheinferred L.7.4d meaningincontextorinadictionary).
Theuseofreferencesisbeyondthescopeof ReadiStep.
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words
Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurativelanguage,word Interpretfiguresofspeech(e.g.,literary,biblical,and relationships,andnuancesinwordmeanings. mythologicalallusions)incontext. L.7.5a Usetherelationshipbetweenparticularwords(e.g., synonym/antonym,analogy)tobetterunderstand eachofthewords. L.7.5b Distinguishamongtheconnotations(associations)of wordswithsimilardenotations(definitions)(e.g., refined,respectful,polite,diplomatic, condescending ). L.7.5c Acquireanduseaccuratelygradeappropriategeneral academicanddomainspecificwordsandphrases; gathervocabularyknowledgewhenconsideringaword orphraseimportanttocomprehensionorexpression.
L.7.6
DeterminingtheMeaningof ReadiStepmeasurestheuseofaccurate Words vocabulary,notacquisition. ReadiSteprequiresthatstudentsunderstand thefunctionofverbals;however,theyarenot requiredtoexplainthefunctions. ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Language
Explainthefunctionofverbals(gerunds,participles, Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsofstandard infinitives)ingeneralandtheirfunctioninparticular Englishgrammarandusagewhenwritingorspeaking. sentences. L.8.1a
Formanduseverbsintheactiveandpassivevoice.
L.8.1b
Formanduseverbsintheindicative,imperative, interrogative,conditional,andsubjunctivemood.
L.8.1c
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AppendixB
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverb voiceandmood.*
StandardID
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
L.8.1d
Ensuresubjectverbandpronounantecedent agreement.
L.3.1f
Producecompletesentences,recognizingand correctinginappropriatefragmentsandrunons.
L.4.1f
Correctlyusefrequentlyconfusedwords(e.g., to/too/two;there/their).
L.4.1g
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverb tense.
L.5.1d
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsin pronounnumberandperson.
L.6.1c
Recognizeandcorrectvaguepronouns(i.e.,ones withunclearorambiguousantecedents).
L.6.1d
RecognizevariationsfromstandardEnglishintheir ownandotherswritingandspeaking,andidentify andusestrategiestoimproveexpressionin conventionallanguage.
L.6.1e
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence
ReadiSteprequiresthatstudentsrecognize variationsfromstandardwrittenEnglishinthe writingofothers.
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AppendixB
Placephrasesandclauseswithinasentence, recognizingandcorrectingmisplacedanddangling modifiers.
StandardID
L.7.1c
ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsofstandard Englishcapitalization,punctuation,andspellingwhen Usepunctuation(comma,ellipsis,dash)toindicatea writing. pauseorbreak. L.8.2a Useanellipsistoindicateanomission. Spellcorrectly. Usepunctuationtoseparateitemsinaseries. L.8.2b L.8.2c L.5.2a
Usepunctuation(commas,parentheses,dashes)to setoffnonrestrictive/parentheticalelements. L.6.2a Useverbsintheactiveandpassivevoiceandinthe conditionalandsubjunctivemoodtoachieve particulareffects(e.g.,emphasizingtheactororthe action;expressinguncertaintyordescribingastate contrarytofact). L.8.3a
Knowledgeof Language
Useknowledgeoflanguageanditsconventionswhen writing,speaking,reading,orlistening.
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
L.3.3a L.4.3b
Varysentencepatternsformeaning,reader/listener interest,andstyle. L.6.3a
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManagePhrasesandClauses inaSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
L.6.3b
Chooselanguagethatexpressesideaspreciselyand concisely,recognizingandeliminatingwordinessand redundancy. L.7.3a
Vocabulary Acquisitionand Use
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknownand multiplemeaningwordsorphrasesbasedongrade8 readingandcontent ,choosingflexiblyfromarangeof strategies.
Usecontext(e.g.,theoverallmeaningofasentence orparagraph;awordspositionorfunctionina sentence)asacluetothemeaningofawordor phrase. L.8.4a Usecommon,gradeappropriateGreekorLatin affixesandrootsascluestothemeaningofaword (e.g.,precede,recede,secede ). L.8.4b
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AppendixB
Consultgeneralandspecializedreferencematerials (e.g.,dictionaries,glossaries,thesauruses),both printanddigital,tofindthepronunciationofaword ordetermineorclarifyitsprecisemeaningoritspart ofspeech. L.8.4c Verifythepreliminarydeterminationofthemeaning ofawordorphrase(e.g.,bycheckingtheinferred L.8.4d meaningincontextorinadictionary). Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurativelanguage,word Interpretfiguresofspeech(e.g.verbalirony,puns) relationships,andnuancesinwordmeanings. incontext. Usetherelationshipbetweenparticularwordsto betterunderstandeachofthewords.
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words
L.8.5a
L.8.5b
Distinguishamongtheconnotations(associations)of wordswithsimilardenotations(definitions)(e.g., bullheaded,willful,firm,persistent,resolute ). L.8.5c Acquireanduseaccuratelygradeappropriategeneral academicanddomainspecificwordsandphrases; gathervocabularyknowledgewhenconsideringaword orphraseimportanttocomprehensionorexpression.
L.8.6
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AppendixB
Appendix C
PSAT/NMSQT ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table
EnglishLanguageArtsSideBySideAlignmentTables: PSAT/NMSQTCommonCoreStateStandards
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill Comments
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsprovidetextual evidence;however,studentsmust baseinferencesandanalysisonthe textprovidedinthepassageoritem stem.
910
KeyIdeasandDetails
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyas wellasinferencesdrawnfromthetext.
RL.910.1
Determineathemeorcentralideaofatextand analyzeindetailitsdevelopmentoverthecourse ofthetext,includinghowitemergesandis shapedandrefinedbyspecificdetails;providean objectivesummaryofthetext.
RL.910.2
ReasoningandInferencing OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Analyzehowcomplexcharacters(e.g.,thosewith multipleorconflictingmotivations)developover thecourseofatext,interactwithother characters,andadvancetheplotordevelopthe theme.
RL.910.3
ReasoningandInferencing UnderstandingLiterary Elements
CraftandStructure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesas theyareusedinthetext,includingfigurativeand connotativemeanings;analyzethecumulative impactofspecificwordchoicesonmeaningand tone(e.g.,howthelanguageevokesasenseof timeandplace;howitsetsaformalorinformal tone).
RL.910.4
Analyzehowanauthorschoicesconcerninghow tostructureatext,ordereventswithinit(e.g., parallelplots),andmanipulatetime(e.g.,pacing, flashbacks)createsucheffectsasmystery, tension,orsurprise. Analyzeaparticularpointofvieworcultural experiencereflectedinaworkofliteraturefrom outsidetheUnitedStates,drawingonawide readingofworldliterature.
RL.910.5
AuthorsCraft
RL.910.6
Thisspecifictypeofliteraryanalysis isnotaddressedonthe PSAT/NMSQT.
Integrationof KnowledgeandIdeas
Analyzetherepresentationofasubjectorakey sceneintwodifferentartisticmediums,including whatisemphasizedorabsentineachtreatment (e.g.,AudensMusedesBeauxArtsand BreughelsLandscapewiththeFallofIcarus ). (Notapplicabletoliterature)
RL.910.7 RL.910.8
Thereferencetotwodifferent artisticmediumsisbeyondthe scopeofthePSAT/NMSQT.
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard
Analyzehowanauthordrawsonandtransforms sourcematerialinaspecificwork(e.g.,how ShakespearetreatsathemeortopicfromOvidor theBibleorhowalaterauthordrawsonaplay byShakespeare).
Skill
StandardID
Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill
Comments
RL.910.9
Bytheendofgrade9,readandcomprehend literature,includingstories,dramas,andpoems, inthegrades910textcomplexityband proficiently,withscaffoldingasneededatthe highendoftherange.Bytheendofgrade10, readandcomprehendliterature,including stories,dramas,andpoems,atthehighendof RangeofReadingand thegrades910textcomplexityband LevelofTextComplexity independentlyandproficiently.
RL.910.10
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words OrganizationandIdeas
PassagesforthePSAT/NMSQTare chosenbyaprocessthatconsiders complexityandgradelevel appropriateness.
1112
KeyIdeasandDetails
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyas wellasinferencesdrawnfromthetext,including determiningwherethetextleavesmatters uncertain.
RL.1112.1
Determinetwoormorethemesorcentralideas ofatextandanalyzetheirdevelopmentoverthe courseofthetext,includinghowtheyinteract andbuildononeanothertoproduceacomplex account;provideanobjectivesummaryofthe text.
RL.1112.2
ThePSAT/NMSQTaddressesthe skillofsummarizing;however, studentsarenotrequiredto provideadirectsummary.
Analyzetheimpactoftheauthorschoices regardinghowtodevelopandrelateelementsof astoryordrama(e.g.,whereastoryisset,how theactionisordered,howthecharactersare introducedanddeveloped).
RL.1112.3
AuthorsCraft UnderstandingLiterary Elements
CraftandStructure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesas theyareusedinthetext,includingfigurativeand connotativemeanings;analyzetheimpactof specificwordchoicesonmeaningandtone, includingwordswithmultiplemeaningsor languagethatisparticularlyfresh,engaging,or beautiful.(IncludeShakespeareaswellasother authors.)
RL.1112.4
Thepassagespecificationsforthe PSAT/NMSQTdonotincludepoetry ortextsbyspecificauthors.
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill
AuthorsCraft Analyzehowanauthorschoicesconcerninghow tostructurespecificpartsofatext(e.g.,the choiceofwheretobeginorendastory,the choicetoprovideacomedicortragicresolution) contributetoitsoverallstructureandmeaningas wellasitsaestheticimpact. Analyzeacaseinwhichgraspingpointofview requiresdistinguishingwhatisdirectlystatedina textfromwhatisreallymeant(e.g.,satire, sarcasm,irony,orunderstatement). Analyzemultipleinterpretationsofastory, drama,orpoem(e.g.,recordedorliveproduction ofaplayorrecordednovelorpoetry),evaluating howeachversioninterpretsthesourcetext. (IncludeatleastoneplaybyShakespeareand oneplaybyanAmericandramatist.) (Notapplicabletoliterature) Demonstrateknowledgeofeighteenth, nineteenthandearlytwentiethcentury foundationalworksofAmericanliterature, includinghowtwoormoretextsfromthesame periodtreatsimilarthemesortopics.
Comments
RL.1112.5
AuthorsCraft
RL.1112.6
UnderstandingLiterary Elements
RL.1112.7 RL.1112.8
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsanalyzemultiple interpretationsofasingleliterary work.
RL.1112.9
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotinclude textsofthisspecifictypeinits passagespecifications.
Bytheendofgrade11,readandcomprehend literature,includingstories,dramas,andpoems, inthegrades11CCRtextcomplexityband proficiently,withscaffoldingasneededatthe highendoftherange.Bytheendofgrade12, readandcomprehendliterature,including stories,dramas,andpoems,atthehighendof RangeofReadingand thegrades11CCRtextcomplexityband LevelofTextComplexity independentlyandproficiently.
RL.1112.10
910
Reading Standardsfor InformationalText KeyIdeasandDetails
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyas wellasinferencesdrawnfromthetext. Determineacentralideaofatextandanalyzeits developmentoverthecourseofthetext, includinghowitemergesandisshapedand refinedbyspecificdetails;provideanobjective summaryofthetext.
RI.910.1
RI.910.2
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AppendixC
Analyzehowtheauthorunfoldsananalysisor seriesofideasorevents,includingtheorderin whichthepointsaremade,howtheyare introducedanddeveloped,andtheconnections thataredrawnbetweenthem.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
RI.910.3
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsprovideevidence.
CraftandStructure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesas theyareusedinatext,includingfigurative, connotative,andtechnicalmeanings;analyzethe cumulativeimpactofspecificwordchoiceson meaningandtone(e.g.,howthelanguageofa courtopiniondiffersfromthatofanewspaper).
RI.910.4
Analyzeindetailhowanauthorsideasorclaims aredevelopedandrefinedbyparticular sentences,paragraphs,orlargerportionsofa text(e.g.,asectionorchapter). Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurpose inatextandanalyzehowanauthorusesrhetoric toadvancethatpointofvieworpurpose. Analyzevariousaccountsofasubjecttoldin differentmediums(e.g.,apersonslifestoryin bothprintandmultimedia),determiningwhich detailsareemphasizedineachaccount. Delineateandevaluatetheargumentandspecific claimsinatext,assessingwhetherthereasoning isvalidandtheevidenceisrelevantand sufficient;identifyfalsestatementsandfallacious reasoning.
RI.910.5
RI.910.6
AuthorsCraft
RI.910.7
Theelementofdifferentmediums isbeyondthescopeofthe PSAT/NMSQT.
RI.910.8
AnalyzeseminalU.S.documentsofhistoricaland literarysignificance(e.g.,WashingtonsFarewell Address,theGettysburgAddress,Roosevelts FourFreedomsspeech,KingsLetterfrom BirminghamJail),includinghowtheyaddress relatedthemesandconcepts.
RI.910.9
Bytheendofgrade9,readandcomprehend literarynonfictioninthegrades910text complexitybandproficiently,withscaffoldingas neededatthehighendoftherange.Bytheend ofgrade10,readandcomprehendliterary RangeofReadingand nonfictionatthehighendofthegrades910text LevelofTextComplexity complexitybandindependentlyandproficiently.
RI.910.10
4of20
AppendixC
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyas wellasinferencesdrawnfromthetext,including determiningwherethetextleavesmatters uncertain.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
1112
RI.1112.1
Determinetwoormorecentralideasofatext andanalyzetheirdevelopmentoverthecourseof thetext,includinghowtheyinteractandbuildon oneanothertoprovideacomplexanalysis; provideanobjectivesummaryofthetext. Analyzeacomplexsetofideasorsequenceof eventsandexplainhowspecificindividuals, ideas,oreventsinteractanddevelopoverthe courseofthetext.
RI.1112.2
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsprovideadirect summary.
RI.1112.3
CraftandStructure
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesas theyareusedinatext,includingfigurative, connotative,andtechnicalmeanings;analyze howanauthorusesandrefinesthemeaningofa keytermortermsoverthecourseofatext(e.g., howMadisondefinesfaction inFederalist No. 10).
RI.1112.4
Analyzeandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthe structureanauthorusesinhisorherexposition orargument,includingwhetherthestructure makespointsclear,convincing,andengaging. Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurpose inatextinwhichtherhetoricisparticularly effective,analyzinghowstyleandcontent contributetothepower,persuasiveness,or beautyofthetext. Integrateandevaluatemultiplesourcesof informationpresentedindifferentmediaor formats(e.g.,visually,quantitatively)aswellasin wordsinordertoaddressaquestionorsolvea problem. Delineateandevaluatethereasoninginseminal U.S.texts,includingtheapplicationof constitutionalprinciplesanduseoflegal reasoning(e.g.,inU.S.SupremeCourtmajority opinionsanddissents)andthepremises, purposes,andargumentsinworksofpublic advocacy(e.g.,TheFederalist ,presidential addresses).
RI.1112.5
RI.1112.6
AuthorsCraft
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsevaluatethe quality/aestheticsoftexts.
RI.1112.7
ThePSAT/NMSQTmeasuresthis skillintheMathematicssection.
RI.1112.8
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AppendixC
Analyzeseventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenthcenturyfoundationalU.S.documents ofhistoricalandliterarysignificance(including TheDeclarationofIndependence,thePreamble totheConstitution,theBillofRights,and LincolnsSecondInauguralAddress)fortheir themes,purposes,andrhetoricalfeatures. Bytheendofgrade11,readandcomprehend literarynonfictioninthegrades11CCRtext complexitybandproficiently,withscaffoldingas neededatthehighendoftherange.Bytheend ofgrade12,readandcomprehendliterary nonfictionatthehighendofthegrades11CCR RangeofReadingand textcomplexitybandindependentlyand LevelofTextComplexity proficiently.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
RI.1112.9
RI.1112.10
CCR
Reading
KeyIdeasandDetails
Readcloselytodeterminewhatthetextsays explicitlyandtomakelogicalinferencesfromit; citespecifictextualevidencewhenwritingor speakingtosupportconclusionsdrawnfromthe text.
R.CCR.1
Determinecentralideasorthemesofatextand analyzetheirdevelopment;summarizethekey supportingdetailsandideas.
R.CCR.2
Analyzehowandwhyindividuals,events,and ideasdevelopandinteractoverthecourseofa text. Interpretwordsandphrasesastheyareusedina text,includingdeterminingtechnical, connotative,andfigurativemeanings,and analyzehowspecificwordchoicesshape meaningortone. Analyzethestructureoftexts,includinghow specificsentences,paragraphs,andlarger portionsofthetext(e.g.,asection,chapter, scene,orstanza)relatetoeachotherandthe whole. Assesshowpointofvieworpurposeshapesthe contentandstyleofatext.
R.CCR.3
CraftandStructure
R.CCR.4
R.CCR.5 R.CCR.6
OrganizationandIdeas AuthorsCraft OrganizationandIdeas
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band
CommonCoreStateStandards Standard
Integrateandevaluatecontentpresentedin diverseformatsandmedia,includingvisuallyand quantitatively,aswellasinwords.* Delineateandevaluatetheargumentandspecific claimsinatext,includingthevalidityofthe reasoningaswellastherelevanceandsufficiency oftheevidence.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
Theelementsofdiverseformats andmediaarebeyondthescopeof thePSAT/NMSQT.
R.CCR.7
R.CCR.8
Analyzehowtwoormoretextsaddresssimilar themesortopicsinordertobuildknowledgeor tocomparetheapproachestheauthorstake. Readandcomprehendcomplexliteraryand RangeofReadingand informationaltextsindependentlyand LevelofTextComplexity proficiently.
R.CCR.9
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsanalyzemorethan twotexts. PassagesforthePSAT/NMSQTare chosenbyaprocessthatconsiders complexityandgradelevel appropriateness.
R.CCR.10
910
Writing
Introducepreciseclaim(s),distinguishtheclaim(s)from Writeargumentstosupportclaimsinananalysis alternateoropposingclaims,andcreateanorganization ofsubstantivetopicsortexts,usingvalid thatestablishesclearrelationshipsamongclaim(s), reasoningandrelevantandsufficientevidence. counterclaims,reasons,andevidence. Developclaim(s)andcounterclaimsfairly,supplying evidenceforeachwhilepointingoutthestrengthsand limitationsofbothinamannerthatanticipatesthe audiencesknowledgelevelandconcerns.
W.910.1a
W.910.1b
Usewords,phrases,andclausestolinkthemajorsections ofthetext,createcohesion,andclarifytherelationships betweenclaim(s)andreasons,betweenreasonsand evidence,andbetweenclaim(s)andcounterclaims. W.910.1c Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting.
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
W.910.1d ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollows fromandsupportstheargumentpresented. Writeinformative/explanatorytextstoexamine andconveycomplexideas,concepts,and informationclearlyandaccuratelythroughthe effectiveselection,organization,andanalysisof content. Introduceatopic;organizecomplexideas,concepts,and informationtomakeimportantconnectionsand distinctions;includeformatting(e.g.,headings),graphics (e.g.,figures,tables),andmultimediawhenusefulto aidingcomprehension. Developthetopicwithwellchosen,relevant,and sufficientfacts,extendeddefinitions,concretedetails, quotations,orotherinformationandexamples appropriatetotheaudiencesknowledgeofthetopic.
W.910.1e
W.910.2a
W.910.2b
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AppendixC
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Comments
Useappropriateandvariedtransitionstolinkthemajor sectionsofthetext,createcohesion,andclarifythe relationshipsamongcomplexideasandconcepts.
W.910.2c
Usepreciselanguageanddomainspecificvocabularyto managethecomplexityofthetopic. Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting.
W.910.2d
W.910.2e ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollows fromandsupportstheinformationorexplanation presented(e.g.,articulatingimplicationsorthesignificance W.910.2f ofthetopic). Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimagined experiencesoreventsusingeffectivetechnique, wellchosendetails,andwellstructuredevent sequences. Engageandorientthereaderbysettingoutaproblem, situation,orobservation,establishingoneormultiple point(s)ofview,andintroducinganarratorand/or characters;createasmoothprogressionofexperiencesor events. W.910.3a Usenarrativetechniques,suchasdialogue,pacing, description,reflection,andmultipleplotlines,todevelop experiences,events,and/orcharacters. W.910.3b
Useavarietyoftechniquestosequenceeventssothat theybuildononeanothertocreateacoherentwhole.
W.910.3c
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Useprecisewordsandphrases,tellingdetails,andsensory languagetoconveyavividpictureoftheexperiences, events,setting,and/orcharacters. W.910.3d Provideaconclusionthatfollowsfromandreflectson whatisexperienced,observed,orresolvedoverthecourse ofthenarrative. W.910.3e Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthe development,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience. (Gradespecificexpectationsforwritingtypesare definedinstandards13above.)
Productionand DistributionofWriting
W.910.4
Developandstrengthenwritingasneededby planning,revising,editing,rewriting,ortryinga newapproach,focusingonaddressingwhatis mostsignificantforaspecificpurposeand audience.(Editingforconventionsshould demonstratecommandofLanguagestandards 13uptoandincludinggrades910onpage54.)
W.910.5
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnot measureastudent'sabilitytoplan ortryanewapproach.
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AppendixC
ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,to produce,publish,andupdateindividualorshared writingproducts,takingadvantageof technologyscapacitytolinktootherinformation andtodisplayinformationflexiblyand dynamically. Conductshortaswellasmoresustainedresearch projectstoansweraquestion(includingaself generatedquestion)orsolveaproblem;narrow orbroadentheinquirywhenappropriate; synthesizemultiplesourcesonthesubject, demonstratingunderstandingofthesubject underinvestigation. Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultiple authoritativeprintanddigitalsources,using advancedsearcheseffectively;assessthe usefulnessofeachsourceinansweringthe researchquestion;integrateinformationintothe textselectivelytomaintaintheflowofideas, avoidingplagiarismandfollowingastandard formatforcitation.
Comments
W.910.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthe scopeofthePSAT/NMSQT.
ResearchtoBuildand PresentKnowledge
W.910.7
Theelementofresearchisbeyond thescopeofthePSAT/NMSQT.
W.910.8 Applygrades910Readingstandardstoliterature(e.g., Analyzehowanauthordrawsonandtransformssource materialinaspecificwork[e.g.,howShakespearetreatsa themeortopicfromOvidortheBibleorhowalater authordrawsonaplaybyShakespeare]). W.910.9a Applygrades910Readingstandardstoliterarynonfiction (e.g.,Delineateandevaluatetheargumentandspecific claimsinatext,assessingwhetherthereasoningisvalid andtheevidenceisrelevantandsufficient;identifyfalse statementsandfallaciousreasoning). W.910.9b
Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformational textstosupportanalysis,reflection,and research.
RangeofWriting
Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes(time forresearch,reflection,andrevision)andshorter timeframes(asinglesittingoradayortwo)fora rangeoftasks,purposes,andaudiences.
W.910.10
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill Comments
1112
Writing
Introduceprecise,knowledgeableclaim(s),establishthe significanceoftheclaim(s),distinguishtheclaim(s)from Writeargumentstosupportclaimsinananalysis alternateoropposingclaims,andcreateanorganization ofsubstantivetopicsortexts,usingvalid thatlogicallysequencesclaim(s),counterclaims,reasons, W.1112.1a reasoningandrelevantandsufficientevidence. andevidence. Developclaim(s)andcounterclaimsfairlyandthoroughly, supplyingthemostrelevantevidenceforeachwhile pointingoutthestrengthsandlimitationsofbothina mannerthatanticipatestheaudiencesknowledgelevel, concerns,values,andpossiblebiases. W.1112.1b Usewords,phrases,andclausesaswellasvariedsyntaxto linkthemajorsectionsofthetext,createcohesion,and clarifytherelationshipsbetweenclaim(s)andreasons, betweenreasonsandevidence,andbetweenclaim(s)and counterclaims. W.1112.1c Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting.
W.1112.1d ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollows fromandsupportstheargumentpresented.
W.1112.1e
Writeinformative/explanatorytextstoexamine andconveycomplexideas,concepts,and informationclearlyandaccuratelythroughthe effectiveselection, organization,andanalysisofcontent.
Introduceatopic;organizecomplexideas,concepts,and informationsothateachnewelementbuildsonthat whichprecedesittocreateaunifiedwhole;include formatting(e.g.,headings),graphics(e.g.,figures,tables), andmultimediawhenusefultoaidingcomprehension. W.1112.2a Developthetopicthoroughlybyselectingthemost significantandrelevantfacts,extendeddefinitions, concretedetails,quotations,orotherinformationand examplesappropriatetotheaudiencesknowledgeofthe topic. W.1112.2b Useappropriateandvariedtransitionsandsyntaxtolink themajorsectionsofthetext,createcohesion,andclarify W.1112.2c therelationshipsamongcomplexideasandconcepts. Usepreciselanguage,domainspecificvocabulary,and techniquessuchasmetaphor,simile,andanalogyto managethecomplexityofthetopic. Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting. ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
W.1112.2d
W.1112.2e ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollows fromandsupportstheinformationorexplanation presented(e.g.,articulatingimplicationsorthesignificance ofthetopic). W.1112.2f
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AppendixC
Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimagined experiencesoreventsusingeffectivetechnique, wellchosendetails,andwellstructuredevent sequences.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
Engageandorientthereaderbysettingoutaproblem, situation,orobservationanditssignificance,establishing oneormultiplepoint(s)ofview,andintroducinganarrator and/orcharacters;createasmoothprogressionof experiencesorevents. W.1112.3a Usenarrativetechniques,suchasdialogue,pacing, description,reflection,andmultipleplotlines,todevelop experiences,events,and/orcharacters. W.1112.3b Useavarietyoftechniquestosequenceeventssothat theybuildononeanothertocreateacoherentwholeand buildtowardaparticulartoneandoutcome(e.g.,asense ofmystery,suspense,growth,orresolution). W.1112.3c Useprecisewordsandphrases,tellingdetails,andsensory languagetoconveyavividpictureoftheexperiences, events,setting,and/orcharacters. W.1112.3d Provideaconclusionthatfollowsfromandreflectson whatisexperienced,observed,orresolvedoverthecourse ofthenarrative. W.1112.3e
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthe development,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience. (Gradespecificexpectationsforwritingtypesare definedinstandards13above.) Developandstrengthenwritingasneededby planning,revising,editing,rewriting,ortryinga newapproach,focusingonaddressingwhatis mostsignificantforaspecificpurposeand audience.(Editingforconventionsshould demonstratecommandofLanguagestandards 13uptoandincludinggrades1112onpage 54.)
W.1112.4
W.1112.5
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnot measureastudent'sabilitytoplan ortryanewapproach.
Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,to produce,publish,andupdateindividualorshared writingproductsinresponsetoongoing feedback,includingnewargumentsor information.
W.1112.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthe scopeofthePSAT/NMSQT.
11of20
AppendixC
Conductshortaswellasmoresustainedresearch projectstoansweraquestion(includingaself generatedquestion)orsolveaproblem;narrow orbroadentheinquirywhenappropriate; synthesizemultiplesourcesonthesubject, demonstratingunderstandingofthesubject underinvestigation.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
W.1112.7
Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultiple authoritativeprintanddigitalsources,using advancedsearcheseffectively;assessthe strengthsandlimitationsofeachsourceinterms ofthetask,purpose,andaudience;integrate informationintothetextselectivelytomaintain theflowofideas,avoidingplagiarismand overrelianceonanyonesourceandfollowinga standardformatforcitation.
W.1112.8 Applygrades1112Readingstandardstoliterature(e.g., Demonstrateknowledgeofeighteenth,nineteenthand earlytwentiethcenturyfoundationalworksofAmerican literature,includinghowtwoormoretextsfromthesame periodtreatsimilarthemesortopics). W.1112.9a Applygrades1112Readingstandardstoliterary nonfiction(e.g.,Delineateandevaluatethereasoningin seminalU.S.texts,includingtheapplicationof constitutionalprinciplesanduseoflegalreasoning[e.g.,in U.S.SupremeCourtCasemajorityopinionsanddissents] andthepremises,purposes,andargumentsinworksof publicadvocacy[e.g.,TheFederalist,presidential addresses]). W.1112.9b
Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformational textstosupportanalysis,reflection,and research.
RangeofWriting
Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes(time forresearch,reflection,andrevision)andshorter timeframes(asinglesittingoradayortwo)fora rangeoftasks,purposes,andaudiences. Writeargumentstosupportclaimsinananalysis ofsubstantivetopicsortexts,usingvalid reasoningandrelevantandsufficientevidence. Writeinformative/explanatorytextstoexamine andconveycomplexideasandinformation clearlyandaccuratelythroughtheeffective selection,organization,andanalysisofcontent. Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimagined experiencesoreventsusingeffectivetechnique, wellchosendetails,andwellstructuredevent sequences.
W.1112.10
CCR
Writing
TextTypesand Purposes*
W.CCR.1
W.CCR.2
W.CCR.3
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band
Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhichthe development,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience. Developandstrengthenwritingasneededby planning,revising,editing,rewriting,ortryinga newapproach. Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,to produceandpublishwritingandtointeractand collaboratewithothers. Conductshortaswellasmoresustainedresearch projectsbasedonfocusedquestions, demonstratingunderstandingofthesubject underinvestigation. Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultipleprint anddigitalsources,assessthecredibilityand accuracyofeachsource,andintegratethe informationwhileavoidingplagiarism. Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformational textstosupportanalysis,reflection,and research. Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes(time forresearch,reflection,andrevision)andshorter timeframes(asinglesittingoradayortwo)fora rangeoftasks,purposes,andaudiences. Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishgrammarandusagewhen writingorspeaking. Useparallelstructure.*
Skill
StandardID
Comments
W.CCR.4
W.CCR.5
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnot ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand measureastudent'sabilitytoplan Paragraphs ortryanewapproach. Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthe scopeofthePSAT/NMSQT.
W.CCR.6
W.CCR.7
W.CCR.8
W.CCR.9
RangeofWriting Conventionsof StandardEnglish
W.CCR.10 ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
910
Language
L.910.1a
Usevarioustypesofphrases(noun,verb,adjectival, adverbial,participial,prepositional,absolute)andclauses (independent,dependent;noun,relative,adverbial)to conveyspecificmeaningsandaddvarietyandinterestto writingorpresentations. L.910.1b
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords
Ensuresubjectverbandpronounantecedentagreement. L.3.1f
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AppendixC
RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ThePSAT/NMSQTrequiresthat studentsrecognizevariationsfrom standardwrittenEnglishinthe writingofothers.
Comments
Producecompletesentences,recognizingandcorrecting inappropriatefragmentsandrunons.
L.4.1f
Correctlyusefrequentlyconfusedwords(e.g.,to/too/two; there/their). L.4.1g
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverbtense.
L.5.1d
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinpronoun numberandperson.
L.6.1c
Recognizeandcorrectvaguepronouns(i.e.,oneswith unclearorambiguousantecedents).
L.6.1d
RecognizevariationsfromstandardEnglishintheirown andotherswritingandspeaking,andidentifyand usestrategiestoimproveexpressioninconventional language.
L.6.1e
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence
Placephrasesandclauseswithinasentence,recognizing andcorrectingmisplacedanddanglingmodifiers.
L.7.1c
ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverbvoice andmood.
L.8.1d
14of20
AppendixC
ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishcapitalization,punctuation,and Useasemicolon(andperhapsaconjunctiveadverb)tolink spellingwhenwriting. twoormorecloselyrelatedindependentclauses. L.910.2a
Useacolontointroducealistorquotation.
L.910.2b
Spellcorrectly. L.910.2c Usepunctuation(commas,parentheses,dashes)tosetoff nonrestrictive/parentheticalelements. L.6.2a Applyknowledgeoflanguagetounderstandhow languagefunctionsindifferentcontexts,tomake effectivechoicesformeaningorstyle,andto comprehendmorefullywhenreadingor KnowledgeofLanguage listening.
Writeandeditworksothatitconformstotheguidelines inastylemanual(e.g.,MLAHandbook ,TurabiansManual forWriters )appropriateforthedisciplineandwriting type. L.910.3a ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
L.3.3a L.4.3b
Varysentencepatternsformeaning,reader/listener interest,andstyle.
L.6.3a
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Maintainconsistencyinstyleandtone. Chooselanguagethatexpressesideaspreciselyand concisely,recognizingandeliminatingwordinessand redundancy.
L.6.3b
L.7.3a
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknown andmultiplemeaningwordsandphrasesbased Usecontext(e.g.,theoverallmeaningofasentence, VocabularyAcquisition ongrades910 readingandcontent,choosing paragraph,ortext;awordspositionorfunctionina andUse flexiblyfromarangeofstrategies. sentence)asacluetothemeaningofawordorphrase. Identifyandcorrectlyusepatternsofwordchangesthat indicatedifferentmeaningsorpartsofspeech(e.g., analyze,analysis,analytical;advocate,advocacy ).
L.910.4a
L.910.4b
Consultgeneralandspecializedreferencematerials(e.g., dictionaries,glossaries,thesauruses),bothprintand digital,tofindthepronunciationofawordordetermineor clarifyitsprecisemeaning,itspartofspeech,orits etymology. L.910.4c
15of20
AppendixC
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words UnderstandingLiterary Elements DeterminingtheMeaningof Words
Comments
Verifythepreliminarydeterminationofthemeaningofa wordorphrase(e.g.,bycheckingtheinferredmeaningin contextorinadictionary). L.910.4d Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurative language,wordrelationships,andnuancesin wordmeanings. Interpretfiguresofspeech(e.g.,euphemism,oxymoron)in L.910.5a contextandanalyzetheirroleinthetext.
Analyzenuancesinthemeaningofwordswithsimilar denotations.
L.910.5b
Acquireanduseaccuratelygeneralacademicand domainspecificwordsandphrases,sufficientfor reading,writing,speaking,andlisteningatthe collegeandcareerreadinesslevel;demonstrate independenceingatheringvocabularyknowledge whenconsideringawordorphraseimportantto comprehensionorexpression.
L.910.6
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords
ThePSAT/NMSQTmeasurestheuse ofaccuratevocabulary,not acquisition.
1112
Language
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishgrammarandusagewhen writingorspeaking.
Applytheunderstandingthatusageisamatterof convention,canchangeovertime,andissometimes contested.
L.1112.1a
Resolveissuesofcomplexorcontestedusage,consulting references(e.g.,MerriamWebstersDictionaryofEnglish L.1112.1b Usage,GarnersModernAmericanUsage )asneeded. ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Ensuresubjectverbandpronounantecedentagreement. L.3.1f
L.4.1f
L.5.1d
16of20
AppendixC
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ThePSAT/NMSQTrequiresthat studentsrecognizevariationsfrom standardwrittenEnglishinthe writingofothers.
Comments
L.6.1c
L.6.1d
RecognizevariationsfromstandardEnglishintheirown andotherswritingandspeaking,andidentifyand usestrategiestoimproveexpressioninconventional language.
L.6.1e
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence
Placephrasesandclauseswithinasentence,recognizing andcorrectingmisplacedanddanglingmodifiers.
L.7.1c
ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverbvoice andmood.
L.8.1d
Useparallelstructure.
L.910.1a
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishcapitalization,punctuation,and spellingwhenwriting. Observehyphenationconventions.
L.1112.2a
Spellcorrectly. L.1112.2b Usepunctuation(commas,parentheses,dashes)tosetoff nonrestrictive/parentheticalelements. L.6.2a Applyknowledgeoflanguagetounderstandhow languagefunctionsindifferentcontexts,tomake effectivechoicesformeaningorstyle,andto comprehendmorefullywhenreadingor KnowledgeofLanguage listening.
Varysyntaxforeffect,consultingreferences(e.g.,Tuftes ArtfulSentences )forguidanceasneeded;applyan understandingofsyntaxtothestudyofcomplextexts whenreading. L.1112.3a
OrganizationandIdeas ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Choosewordsandphrasesforeffect.
L.3.3a
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AppendixC
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID
L.4.3b ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
Choosepunctuationforeffect.
Maintainconsistencyinstyleandtone. Chooselanguagethatexpressesideaspreciselyand concisely,recognizingandeliminatingwordinessand redundancy.
L.6.3b
L.7.3a
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknown andmultiplemeaningwordsandphrasesbased Usecontext(e.g.,theoverallmeaningofasentence, VocabularyAcquisition ongrades1112readingandcontent ,choosing paragraph,ortext;awordspositionorfunctionina flexiblyfromarangeofstrategies. sentence)asacluetothemeaningofawordorphrase. andUse Identifyandcorrectlyusepatternsofwordchangesthat indicatedifferentmeaningsorpartsofspeech(e.g., conceive,conception,conceivable ).
L.1112.4a
L.1112.4b
Consultgeneralandspecializedreferencematerials(e.g., dictionaries,glossaries,thesauruses),bothprintand digital,tofindthepronunciationofawordordetermineor clarifyitsprecisemeaning,itspartofspeech,its etymology,oritsstandardusage. L.1112.4c Verifythepreliminarydeterminationofthemeaningofa wordorphrase(e.g.,bycheckingtheinferredmeaningin contextorinadictionary). L.1112.4d Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurative language,wordrelationships,andnuancesin wordmeanings. Interpretfiguresofspeech(e.g.,hyperbole,paradox)in contextandanalyzetheirroleinthetext.
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words UnderstandingLiterary Elements DeterminingtheMeaningof Words
L.1112.5a
L.1112.5b
Acquireanduseaccuratelygeneralacademicand domainspecificwordsandphrases,sufficientfor reading,writing,speaking,andlisteningatthe collegeandcareerreadinesslevel;demonstrate independenceingatheringvocabularyknowledge whenconsideringawordorphraseimportantto comprehensionorexpression.
L.1112.6
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
18of20
AppendixC
Grade Strand Band
Skill
StandardID
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences
Comments
CCR
Language
L.CCR.1
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignstowriting.
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishcapitalization,punctuation,and spellingwhenwriting.
L.CCR.2
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignsto ManagePhrasesandClausesin commandofstandardEnglish aSentence punctuation. RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
Applyknowledgeoflanguagetounderstandhow languagefunctionsindifferentcontexts,tomake effectivechoicesformeaningorstyle,andto comprehendmorefullywhenreadingor KnowledgeofLanguage listening.
L.CCR.3
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words OrganizationandIdeas ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModifyor Compare ManagePhrasesandClausesin aSentence RecognizeCorrectlyFormed Sentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignstoreading.
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknown andmultiplemeaningwordsandphrasesby usingcontextclues,analyzingmeaningfulword VocabularyAcquisition parts,andconsultinggeneralandspecialized andUse referencematerials,asappropriate. Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurative language,wordrelationships,andnuancesin wordmeanings.
L.CCR.4
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words DeterminingtheMeaningof Words UnderstandingLiterary Elements
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnotrequire thatstudentsconsultreferences.
L.CCR.5
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AppendixC
Acquireanduseaccuratelyarangeofgeneral academicanddomainspecificwordsandphrases sufficientforreading,writing,speaking,and listeningatthecollegeandcareerreadinesslevel; demonstrateindependenceingathering vocabularyknowledgewhenconsideringaword orphraseimportanttocomprehensionor expression.
Skill
StandardID
Comments
L.CCR.6
DeterminingtheMeaningof Words ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentencesand Paragraphs
20of20
AppendixC
Appendix D
SAT ELA Side-by-Side Alignment Table
EnglishLanguageArtsSideBySideAlignmentTables: SATCommonCoreStateStandards
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsays explicitlyaswellasinferencesdrawnfromthe text,includingdeterminingwherethetext leavesmattersuncertain.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
1112
KeyIdeasandDetails
RL.1112.1
TheSATdoesnotrequirethat studentsprovidetextualevidence; however,studentsmustbase inferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritem ReasoningandInferencing stem. OrganizationandIdeas
Determinetwoormorethemesorcentral ideasofatextandanalyzetheirdevelopment overthecourseofthetext,includinghow theyinteractandbuildononeanotherto produceacomplexaccount;providean objectivesummaryofthetext.
RL.1112.2
Analyzetheimpactoftheauthorschoices regardinghowtodevelopandrelateelements ofastoryordrama(e.g.,whereastoryisset, howtheactionisordered,howthecharacters areintroducedanddeveloped). Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrases astheyareusedinthetext,including figurativeandconnotativemeanings;analyze theimpactofspecificwordchoiceson meaningandtone,includingwordswith multiplemeaningsorlanguagethatis particularlyfresh,engaging,orbeautiful. (IncludeShakespeareaswellasother authors.)
RL.1112.3
AuthorsCraft
CraftandStructure
RL.1112.4
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords AuthorsCraft
Analyzehowanauthorschoicesconcerning howtostructurespecificpartsofatext(e.g., thechoiceofwheretobeginorendastory, thechoicetoprovideacomedicortragic resolution)contributetoitsoverallstructure andmeaningaswellasitsaestheticimpact. Analyzeacaseinwhichgraspingpointofview requiresdistinguishingwhatisdirectlystated inatextfromwhatisreallymeant(e.g.,satire, sarcasm,irony,orunderstatement).
RL.1112.5
AuthorsCraft
RL.1112.6
UnderstandingLiterary Elements
1of14
AppendixD
Analyzemultipleinterpretationsofastory, drama,orpoem(e.g.,recordedorlive productionofaplayorrecordednovelor poetry),evaluatinghoweachversion interpretsthesourcetext.(Includeatleast oneplaybyShakespeareandoneplaybyan Americandramatist.) (Notapplicabletoliterature)
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
RL.1112.7 RL.1112.8
TheSATdoesnotrequirestudents toanalyzemultipleinterpretations ofasingleliterarywork.
Demonstrateknowledgeofeighteenth, nineteenthandearlytwentiethcentury foundationalworksofAmericanliterature, includinghowtwoormoretextsfromthe sameperiodtreatsimilarthemesortopics.
RL.1112.9
TheSATdoesnotincludetextsof thisspecifictypeinitspassage specifications.
Bytheendofgrade11,readandcomprehend literature,includingstories,dramas,and poems,inthegrades11CCRtextcomplexity bandproficiently,withscaffoldingasneeded atthehighendoftherange.Bytheendof grade12,readandcomprehendliterature, includingstories,dramas,andpoems,atthe highendofthegrades11CCRtext RangeofReadingand complexitybandindependentlyand LevelofTextComplexity proficiently.
RL.1112.10
PassagesontheSATarechosenby DeterminingtheMeaning aprocessthatconsiderscomplexity ofWords andgradelevelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas TheSATdoesnotrequirethat studentsprovidetextualevidence ontheSAT;however,students mustbaseinferencesandanalysis onthetextprovidedinthepassage ReasoningandInferencing oritemstem. OrganizationandIdeas
1112
Citestrongandthoroughtextualevidenceto supportanalysisofwhatthetextsays explicitlyaswellasinferencesdrawnfromthe text,includingdeterminingwherethetext leavesmattersuncertain.
RI.1112.1
Determinetwoormorecentralideasofatext andanalyzetheirdevelopmentoverthe courseofthetext,includinghowtheyinteract andbuildononeanothertoprovidea complexanalysis;provideanobjective summaryofthetext.
RI.1112.2
Analyzeacomplexsetofideasorsequenceof eventsandexplainhowspecificindividuals, ideas,oreventsinteractanddevelopoverthe courseofthetext.
RI.1112.3
2of14
AppendixD
Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrases astheyareusedinatext,includingfigurative, connotative,andtechnicalmeanings;analyze howanauthorusesandrefinesthemeaning ofakeytermortermsoverthecourseofa text(e.g.,howMadisondefinesfaction in Federalist No.10).
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
CraftandStructure
RI.1112.4
Analyzeandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthe structureanauthorusesinhisorher expositionorargument,includingwhether thestructuremakespointsclear,convincing, andengaging. Determineanauthorspointofviewor purposeinatextinwhichtherhetoricis particularlyeffective,analyzinghowstyleand contentcontributetothepower, persuasiveness,orbeautyofthetext. Integrateandevaluatemultiplesourcesof informationpresentedindifferentmediaor formats(e.g.,visually,quantitatively)aswell asinwordsinordertoaddressaquestionor solveaproblem. Delineateandevaluatethereasoningin seminalU.S.texts,includingtheapplicationof constitutionalprinciplesanduseoflegal reasoning(e.g.,inU.S.SupremeCourt majorityopinionsanddissents)andthe premises,purposes,andargumentsinworks ofpublicadvocacy(e.g.,TheFederalist , presidentialaddresses). Analyzeseventeenth,eighteenth,and nineteenthcenturyfoundationalU.S. documentsofhistoricalandliterary significance(includingTheDeclarationof Independence,thePreambletothe Constitution,theBillofRights,andLincolns SecondInauguralAddress)fortheirthemes, purposes,andrhetoricalfeatures.
RI.1112.5
RI.1112.6
AuthorsCraft
RI.1112.7
TheSATmeasuresthisskillinthe Mathematicssection.
RI.1112.8
RI.1112.9
3of14
AppendixD
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID AlignedSATSkill Comments
Bytheendofgrade11,readandcomprehend literarynonfictioninthegrades11CCRtext complexitybandproficiently,withscaffolding asneededatthehighendoftherange.Bythe endofgrade12,readandcomprehend literarynonfictionatthehighendofthe RangeofReadingand grades11CCRtextcomplexityband LevelofTextComplexity independentlyandproficiently.
RI.1112.10
PassagesfortheSATarechosenby DeterminingtheMeaning aprocessthatconsiderscomplexity ofWords andgradelevelappropriateness OrganizationandIdeas
CCR
Reading
KeyIdeasandDetails
Readcloselytodeterminewhatthetextsays explicitlyandtomakelogicalinferencesfrom it;citespecifictextualevidencewhenwriting orspeakingtosupportconclusionsdrawn fromthetext.
R.CCR.1
TheSATdoesnotrequirethat studentsprovidetextualevidence; however,studentsmustbase inferencesandanalysisonthetext providedinthepassageoritem ReasoningandInferencing stem. OrganizationandIdeas
Determinecentralideasorthemesofatext andanalyzetheirdevelopment;summarize thekeysupportingdetailsandideas.
R.CCR.2
Analyzehowandwhyindividuals,events,and ideasdevelopandinteractoverthecourseof atext.
R.CCR.3
CraftandStructure
Interpretwordsandphrasesastheyareused inatext,includingdeterminingtechnical, connotative,andfigurativemeanings,and analyzehowspecificwordchoicesshape meaningortone.
R.CCR.4
Analyzethestructureoftexts,includinghow specificsentences,paragraphs,andlarger portionsofthetext(e.g.,asection,chapter, scene,orstanza)relatetoeachotherandthe whole. Assesshowpointofvieworpurposeshapes thecontentandstyleofatext.
R.CCR.5 R.CCR.6
OrganizationandIdeas AuthorsCraft UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Integrateandevaluatecontentpresentedin diverseformatsandmedia,includingvisually andquantitatively,aswellasinwords.*
R.CCR.7
TheSATmeasuresthisskillinthe Mathematicssection.
4of14
AppendixD
Delineateandevaluatetheargumentand specificclaimsinatext,includingthevalidity ofthereasoningaswellastherelevanceand sufficiencyoftheevidence.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
R.CCR.8
Analyzehowtwoormoretextsaddress similarthemesortopicsinordertobuild knowledgeortocomparetheapproachesthe authorstake.
R.CCR.9
TheSATdoesnotrequirestudents ReasoningandInferencing tocomparemorethantwotexts. OrganizationandIdeas
Readandcomprehendcomplexliteraryand RangeofReadingand informationaltextsindependentlyand LevelofTextComplexity proficiently.
R.CCR.10
PassagesfortheSATarechosenby DeterminingtheMeaning aprocessthatconsiderscomplexity andgradelevelappropriateness ofWords OrganizationandIdeas
1112
Writing
Writeargumentstosupportclaimsinan analysisofsubstantivetopicsortexts,using validreasoningandrelevantandsufficient evidence.
Introduceprecise,knowledgeableclaim(s),establishthe significanceoftheclaim(s),distinguishtheclaim(s)from alternateoropposingclaims,andcreateanorganization thatlogicallysequencesclaim(s),counterclaims,reasons, andevidence.
W.1112.1a
PointofView/Position OrganizationandFocus
Developclaim(s)andcounterclaimsfairlyandthoroughly, supplyingthemostrelevantevidenceforeachwhile pointingoutthestrengthsandlimitationsofbothina mannerthatanticipatestheaudiencesknowledgelevel, concerns,values,andpossiblebiases.
W.1112.1b
PointofView/Position UseofEvidenceand Examples
Usewords,phrases,andclausesaswellasvariedsyntaxto linkthemajorsectionsofthetext,createcohesion,and clarifytherelationshipsbetweenclaim(s)andreasons, betweenreasonsandevidence,andbetweenclaim(s)and counterclaims. W.1112.1c
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary VarietyinSentence Structure
Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting.
W.1112.1d
FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
5of14
AppendixD
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID AlignedSATSkill
Comments
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollowsfrom andsupportstheargumentpresented. W.1112.1e Writeinformative/explanatorytextsto examineandconveycomplexideas,concepts, andinformationclearlyandaccurately throughtheeffectiveselection, organization,andanalysisofcontent. Introduceatopic;organizecomplexideas,concepts,and informationsothateachnewelementbuildsonthatwhich precedesittocreateaunifiedwhole;includeformatting (e.g.,headings),graphics(e.g.,figures,tables),and multimediawhenusefultoaidingcomprehension. W.1112.2a
Formattingandmultimediaarenot applicabletotheSAT.
Developthetopicthoroughlybyselectingthemost significantandrelevantfacts,extendeddefinitions,concrete details,quotations,orotherinformationandexamples appropriatetotheaudiencesknowledgeofthetopic. W.1112.2b
PointofView/Position UseofEvidenceand Examples ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs VarietyinSentence Structure FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary
Useappropriateandvariedtransitionsandsyntaxtolinkthe majorsectionsofthetext,createcohesion,andclarifythe relationshipsamongcomplexideasandconcepts. W.1112.2c
Usepreciselanguage,domainspecificvocabulary,and techniquessuchasmetaphor,simile,andanalogytomanage thecomplexityofthetopic. W.1112.2d Establishandmaintainaformalstyleandobjectivetone whileattendingtothenormsandconventionsofthe disciplineinwhichtheyarewriting.
W.1112.2e
FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthatfollowsfrom andsupportstheinformationorexplanationpresented(e.g., articulatingimplicationsorthesignificanceofthetopic). W.1112.2f Engageandorientthereaderbysettingoutaproblem, situation,orobservationanditssignificance,establishing oneormultiplepoint(s)ofview,andintroducinganarrator and/orcharacters;createasmoothprogressionof experiencesorevents. W.1112.3a
Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimagined experiencesoreventsusingeffective technique,wellchosendetails,andwell structuredeventsequences.
Usenarrativetechniques,suchasdialogue,pacing, description,reflection,andmultipleplotlines,todevelop experiences,events,and/orcharacters.
W.1112.3b
UseofEvidenceand Examples FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary
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AppendixD
Grade Strand Band CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill StandardID AlignedSATSkill Comments
Useavarietyoftechniquestosequenceeventssothatthey buildononeanothertocreateacoherentwholeandbuild towardaparticulartoneandoutcome(e.g.,asenseof mystery,suspense,growth,orresolution). W.1112.3c Useprecisewordsandphrases,tellingdetails,andsensory languagetoconveyavividpictureoftheexperiences, events,setting,and/orcharacters. W.1112.3d Provideaconclusionthatfollowsfromandreflectsonwhat isexperienced,observed,orresolvedoverthecourseofthe narrative. W.1112.3e Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhich thedevelopment,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience. (Gradespecificexpectationsforwritingtypes aredefinedinstandards13above.)
OrganizationandFocus
FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
W.1112.4
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs PointofView/Position OrganizationandFocus FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary
Developandstrengthenwritingasneededby planning,revising,editing,rewriting,ortrying anewapproach,focusingonaddressingwhat ismostsignificantforaspecificpurposeand audience.(Editingforconventionsshould demonstratecommandofLanguagestandards 13uptoandincludinggrades1112onpage 54.)
W.1112.5
ManageWordChoiceand TheSATdoesnotmeasurea GrammaticalRelationships student'sabilitytoplanortryanew BetweenWords approach. ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,to produce,publish,andupdateindividualor sharedwritingproductsinresponseto ongoingfeedback,includingnewarguments orinformation.
W.1112.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthe scopeoftheSAT.
7of14
AppendixD
Conductshortaswellasmoresustained researchprojectstoansweraquestion (includingaselfgeneratedquestion)orsolve aproblem;narroworbroaden theinquirywhenappropriate;synthesize multiplesourcesonthesubject, demonstratingunderstandingofthesubject underinvestigation.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
W.1112.7
Theelementofresearchisbeyond thescopeoftheSAT.
Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultiple authoritativeprintanddigitalsources,using advancedsearcheseffectively;assessthe strengthsandlimitationsofeachsourcein termsofthetask,purpose,andaudience; integrateinformationintothetextselectively tomaintaintheflowofideas,avoiding plagiarismandoverrelianceonanyonesource andfollowingastandardformatforcitation. Applygrades1112Readingstandardstoliterature(e.g., Demonstrateknowledgeofeighteenth,nineteenthand Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformational earlytwentiethcenturyfoundationalworksofAmerican literature,includinghowtwoormoretextsfromthesame textstosupportanalysis,reflection,and periodtreatsimilarthemesortopics). research.
W.1112.8
Theelementofgathering informationfrommultiplesources isbeyondthescopeoftheSAT.
W.1112.9a
UseofEvidenceand Examples
Studentsmaysupportapositionin theSATessaywithevidencefrom theirreading.
Applygrades1112Readingstandardstoliterarynonfiction (e.g.,DelineateandevaluatethereasoninginseminalU.S. texts,includingtheapplicationofconstitutionalprinciples anduseoflegalreasoning[e.g.,inU.S.SupremeCourtCase majorityopinionsanddissents]andthepremises,purposes, andargumentsinworksofpublicadvocacy[e.g.,The W.1112.9b Federalist,presidentialaddresses]). Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes (timeforresearch,reflection,andrevision) andshortertimeframes(asinglesittingora dayortwo)forarangeoftasks,purposes,and audiences. Writeargumentstosupportclaimsinan analysisofsubstantivetopicsortexts,using validreasoningandrelevantandsufficient evidence.
UseofEvidenceand Examples
Studentsmaysupportapositionin theSATessaywithevidencefrom theirreading.
RangeofWriting
W.1112.10
TheSATalignswithwritingover "shortertimeframes"only.
CCR
Writing
TextTypesand Purposes*
W.CCR.1
Writeinformative/explanatorytextsto examineandconveycomplexideasand informationclearlyandaccuratelythroughthe effectiveselection,organization,andanalysis ofcontent.
W.CCR.2
8of14
AppendixD
OrganizationandFocus Writenarrativestodeveloprealorimagined experiencesoreventsusingeffective technique,wellchosendetails,andwell structuredeventsequences.
Comments
W.CCR.3
PointofView/Position UseofEvidenceand Examples OrganizationandFocus
Produceclearandcoherentwritinginwhich thedevelopment,organization,andstyleare appropriatetotask,purpose,andaudience.
W.CCR.4
PointofView/Position OrganizationandFocus FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary
Developandstrengthenwritingasneededby planning,revising,editing,rewriting,ortrying anewapproach.
W.CCR.5
ManageWordChoiceand TheSATdoesnotmeasurea GrammaticalRelationships student'sabilitytoplanortryanew approach. BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs
Usetechnology,includingtheInternet,to produceandpublishwritingandtointeract andcollaboratewithothers. Conductshortaswellasmoresustained researchprojectsbasedonfocusedquestions, demonstratingunderstandingofthesubject underinvestigation. Gatherrelevantinformationfrommultiple printanddigitalsources,assessthecredibility andaccuracyofeachsource,andintegratethe informationwhileavoidingplagiarism. Drawevidencefromliteraryorinformational textstosupportanalysis,reflection,and research.
W.CCR.6
Theuseoftechnologyisbeyondthe scopeoftheSAT.
W.CCR.7
Theelementofresearchisbeyond thescopeoftheSAT.
W.CCR.8 UseofEvidenceand Examples
Theelementofgathering informationfrommultiplesources isbeyondthescopeoftheSAT.
W.CCR.9
9of14
AppendixD
Writeroutinelyoverextendedtimeframes (timeforresearch,reflection,andrevision) andshortertimeframes(asinglesittingora dayortwo)forarangeoftasks,purposes,and audiences. Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof Applytheunderstandingthatusageisamatterof standardEnglishgrammarandusagewhen convention,canchangeovertime,andissometimes writingorspeaking. contested. Resolveissuesofcomplexorcontestedusage,consulting references(e.g.,MerriamWebstersDictionaryofEnglish Usage,GarnersModernAmericanUsage )asneeded.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
RangeofWriting
W.CCR.10
TheSATessayalignswithwriting over"shortertimeframes"only.
1112
Language
L.1112.1a
L.1112.1b ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Ensuresubjectverbandpronounantecedentagreement.
L.3.1f
L.4.1f
L.5.1d
L.6.1c
10of14
AppendixD
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence Grammar,Usageand Mechanics Placephrasesandclauseswithinasentence,recognizingand correctingmisplacedanddanglingmodifiers. L.7.1c ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Comments
L.6.1d
RecognizevariationsfromstandardEnglishintheirownand otherswritingandspeaking,andidentifyandusestrategies toimproveexpressioninconventionallanguage. L.6.1e
Recognizeandcorrectinappropriateshiftsinverbvoiceand mood. L.8.1d
Useparallelstructure.
L.910.1a
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishcapitalization,punctuation, andspellingwhenwriting. Observehyphenationconventions. Spellcorrectly. Usepunctuation(commas,parentheses,dashes)tosetoff nonrestrictive/parentheticalelements.
L.1112.2a L.1112.2b L.6.2a
Grammar,Usageand Mechanics Grammar,Usageand Mechanics Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Applyknowledgeoflanguagetounderstand howlanguagefunctionsindifferentcontexts, Varysyntaxforeffect,consultingreferences(e.g.,Tuftes tomakeeffectivechoicesformeaningorstyle, ArtfulSentences )forguidanceasneeded;applyan andtocomprehendmorefullywhenreading understandingofsyntaxtothestudyofcomplextextswhen KnowledgeofLanguage orlistening. reading. L.1112.3a
11of14
AppendixD
ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs VarietyinSentence Structure
Comments
Choosewordsandphrasesforeffect.
L.3.3a
Choosepunctuationforeffect.
L.4.3b ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs OrganizationandFocus VarietyinSentence Structure
L.6.3b
Chooselanguagethatexpressesideaspreciselyand concisely,recognizingandeliminatingwordinessand redundancy.
L.7.3a
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknown Usecontext(e.g.,theoverallmeaningofasentence, andmultiplemeaningwordsandphrases VocabularyAcquisition basedongrades1112readingandcontent , paragraph,ortext;awordspositionorfunctionina choosingflexiblyfromarangeofstrategies. sentence)asacluetothemeaningofawordorphrase. andUse Identifyandcorrectlyusepatternsofwordchangesthat indicatedifferentmeaningsorpartsofspeech(e.g., conceive,conception,conceivable ).
L.1112.4a
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords
L.1112.4b
Consultgeneralandspecializedreferencematerials(e.g., dictionaries,glossaries,thesauruses),bothprintanddigital, tofindthepronunciationofawordordetermineorclarify itsprecisemeaning,itspartofspeech,itsetymology,orits standardusage. L.1112.4c Verifythepreliminarydeterminationofthemeaningofa wordorphrase(e.g.,bycheckingtheinferredmeaningin contextorinadictionary). Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurative language,wordrelationships,andnuancesin Interpretfiguresofspeech(e.g.,hyperbole,paradox)in contextandanalyzetheirroleinthetext. wordmeanings. DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords
L.1112.4d
L.1112.5a
L.1112.5b
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords UnderstandingLiterary Elements DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords
12of14
AppendixD
Acquireanduseaccuratelygeneralacademic anddomainspecificwordsandphrases, sufficientforreading,writing,speaking,and listeningatthecollegeandcareerreadiness level;demonstrateindependenceingathering vocabularyknowledgewhenconsideringa wordorphraseimportanttocomprehension orexpression.
Skill
StandardID
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
L.1112.6
TheSATmeasurestheuseof DeterminingtheMeaning accuratevocabulary,not acquisition. ofWords FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords
CCR
Language
L.CCR.1
ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Demonstratecommandoftheconventionsof standardEnglishcapitalization,punctuation, andspellingwhenwriting.
L.CCR.2
ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence Grammar,Usageand Mechanics
Applyknowledgeoflanguagetounderstand howlanguagefunctionsindifferentcontexts, tomakeeffectivechoicesformeaningorstyle, andtocomprehendmorefullywhenreading KnowledgeofLanguage orlistening.
L.CCR.3
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords OrganizationandIdeas ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords ManageGrammatical StructuresUsedtoModify orCompare ManagePhrasesand ClausesinaSentence
13of14
AppendixD
RecognizeCorrectly FormedSentences ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary Grammar,Usageand Mechanics Determineorclarifythemeaningofunknown andmultiplemeaningwordsandphrasesby usingcontextclues,analyzingmeaningful wordparts,andconsultinggeneraland VocabularyAcquisition specializedreferencematerials,as appropriate. andUse Demonstrateunderstandingoffigurative language,wordrelationships,andnuancesin wordmeanings.
Comments
L.CCR.4
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords
L.CCR.5
DeterminingtheMeaning ofWords UnderstandingLiterary Elements
Acquireanduseaccuratelyarangeofgeneral academicanddomainspecificwordsand phrasessufficientforreading,writing, speaking,andlisteningatthecollegeand careerreadinesslevel;demonstrate independenceingatheringvocabulary knowledgewhenconsideringawordor phraseimportanttocomprehensionor expression.
L.CCR.6
DeterminingtheMeaning TheSATmeasuretheuseof ofWords vocabulary,notacquisition. ManageWordChoiceand GrammaticalRelationships BetweenWords FacilityintheUseof LanguageandVocabulary
14of14
AppendixD
Appendix E
ReadiStep Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table
MathematicsSideBySideAlignmentTables: ReadiStepCommonCoreStateStandards
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code AlignedReadiStep Skill Comments
Understandratio conceptsanduseratio Understandtheconceptofaratioand RatiosandProportional reasoningtosolve useratiolanguagetodescribearatio Relationships problems. relationshipbetweentwoquantities.
6.RP.1
Number&Operations Communication
Understandratio conceptsanduseratio RatiosandProportional reasoningtosolve Relationships problems.
Understandtheconceptofaunitrate a/bassociatedwitharatioa:bwithb 0,anduseratelanguageinthecontext ofaratiorelationship.
6.PR.2
Useratioandratereasoningtosolvereal worldandmathematicalproblems,e.g., byreasoningabouttablesofequivalent Maketablesofequivalentratiosrelatingquantitieswithwholenumber ratios,tapediagrams,doublenumber measurements,findmissingvaluesinthetables,andplotthepairsof linediagrams,orequations. valuesonthecoordinateplane.Usetablestocompareratios.
6.RP.3a
Number&Operations Representation
Useratioandratereasoningtosolvereal worldandmathematicalproblems,e.g., byreasoningabouttablesofequivalent ratios,tapediagrams,doublenumber Solveunitrateproblemsincludingthoseinvolvingunitpricingand linediagrams,orequations. constantspeed.
6.RP.3b
Number&Operations ProblemSolving
Useratioandratereasoningtosolvereal worldandmathematicalproblems,e.g., byreasoningabouttablesofequivalent Findapercentofaquantityasarateper100(e.g.,30%ofaquantity ratios,tapediagrams,doublenumber means30/100timesthequantity);solveproblemsinvolvingfindingthe linediagrams,orequations. whole,givenapartandthepercent.
6.RP.3c
Useratioandratereasoningtosolvereal worldandmathematicalproblems,e.g., byreasoningabouttablesofequivalent ratios,tapediagrams,doublenumber Useratioreasoningtoconvertmeasurementunits;manipulateand linediagrams,orequations. transformunitsappropriatelywhenmultiplyingordividingquantities.
6.RP.3d
TheNumberSystem
Interpretandcomputequotientsof Applyandextend fractions,andsolvewordproblems previousunderstandings involvingdivisionoffractionsby ofmultiplicationand fractions,e.g.,byusingvisualfraction divisiontodivide modelsandequationstorepresentthe fractionsbyfractions. problem.
6.NS.1
Copyright2010byTheCollegeBoard
1of23
AppendixE
TheNumberSystem
Computefluentlywith multidigitnumbersand findcommonfactors Fluentlydividemultidigitnumbersusing andmultiples. thestandardalgorithm.
6.NS.2
TheNumberSystem
Computefluentlywith multidigitnumbersand Fluentlyadd,subtract,multiply,and findcommonfactors dividemultidigitdecimalsusingthe standardalgorithmforeachoperation. andmultiples.
6.NS.3
TheNumberSystem
Findthegreatestcommonfactoroftwo wholenumberslessthanorequalto100 andtheleastcommonmultipleoftwo wholenumberslessthanorequalto12. Usethedistributivepropertytoexpress Computefluentlywith asumoftwowholenumbers1100with multidigitnumbersand acommonfactorasamultipleofasum findcommonfactors oftwowholenumberswithnocommon andmultiples. factor.
6.NS.4
TheNumberSystem
Understandthatpositiveandnegative numbersareusedtogethertodescribe quantitieshavingoppositedirectionsor values(e.g.,temperatureabove/below zero,elevationabove/belowsealevel, Applyandextend credits/debits,positive/negativeelectric previousunderstandings charge);usepositiveandnegative ofnumberstothe numberstorepresentquantitiesinreal systemofrational worldcontexts,explainingthemeaning numbers. of0ineachsituation.
6.NS.5
Number&Operations Connections
TheNumberSystem
Understandarationalnumberasapoint Applyandextend onthenumberline.Extendnumberline previousunderstandings diagramsandcoordinateaxesfamiliar Recognizeoppositesignsofnumbersasindicatinglocationsonopposite ofnumberstothe frompreviousgradestorepresentpoints sidesof0onthenumberline;recognizethattheoppositeoftheopposite ofanumberisthenumberitself,e.g.,(3)=3,andthat0isitsown systemofrational onthelineandintheplanewith negativenumbercoordinates. opposite. 6.NS.6a numbers.
2of23
AppendixE
TheNumberSystem
Understandarationalnumberasapoint Applyandextend onthenumberline.Extendnumberline previousunderstandings diagramsandcoordinateaxesfamiliar Understandsignsofnumbersinorderedpairsasindicatinglocationsin ofnumberstothe frompreviousgradestorepresentpoints quadrantsofthecoordinateplane;recognizethatwhentwoorderedpairs differonlybysigns,thelocationsofthepointsarerelatedbyreflections systemofrational onthelineandintheplanewith acrossoneorbothaxes. 6.NS.6b numbers. negativenumbercoordinates.
Geometry&Measurement Connections
TheNumberSystem
Understandarationalnumberasapoint onthenumberline.Extendnumberline Applyandextend previousunderstandings diagramsandcoordinateaxesfamiliar frompreviousgradestorepresentpoints Findandpositionintegersandotherrationalnumbersonahorizontalor ofnumberstothe systemofrational verticalnumberlinediagram;findandpositionpairsofintegersandother onthelineandintheplanewith numbers. rationalnumbersonacoordinateplane. 6.NS.6c negativenumbercoordinates.
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofnumberstothe systemofrational Understandorderingandabsolutevalue Interpretstatementsofinequalityasstatementsabouttherelative positionoftwonumbersonanumberlinediagram. numbers. ofrationalnumbers.
6.NS.7a
Number&Operations Reasoning
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofnumberstothe systemofrational Understandorderingandabsolutevalue Write,interpret,andexplainstatementsoforderforrationalnumbersin 6.NS.7b numbers. ofrationalnumbers. realworldcontexts.
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofnumberstothe Understandtheabsolutevalueofarationalnumberasitsdistancefrom0 systemofrational Understandorderingandabsolutevalue onthenumberline;interpretabsolutevalueasmagnitudeforapositive ornegativequantityinarealworldsituation. 6.NS.7c numbers. ofrationalnumbers.
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofnumberstothe systemofrational Understandorderingandabsolutevalue numbers. ofrationalnumbers. Distinguishcomparisonsofabsolutevaluefromstatementsaboutorder.
6.NS.7d
3of23
AppendixE
TheNumberSystem
Solverealworldandmathematical problemsbygraphingpointsinallfour Applyandextend quadrantsofthecoordinateplane. previousunderstandings Includeuseofcoordinatesandabsolute ofnumberstothe valuetofinddistancesbetweenpoints systemofrational withthesamefirstcoordinateorthe samesecondcoordinate. numbers.
6.NS.8
Geometry&Measurement ProblemSolving
Expressionsand Equations
Applyandextend previousunderstandings Writeandevaluatenumerical ofarithmeticto expressionsinvolvingwholenumber algebraicexpressions. exponents.
6.EE.1
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofarithmeticto Write,read,andevaluateexpressionsin Writeexpressionsthatrecordoperationswithnumbersandwithletters standingfornumbers. algebraicexpressions. whichlettersstandfornumbers.
6.EE.2a
Algebra&Functions Communication
Applyandextend previousunderstandings Identifypartsofanexpressionusingmathematicalterms(sum,term, ofarithmeticto Write,read,andevaluateexpressionsin product,factor,quotient,coefficient);viewoneormorepartsofan expressionasasingleentity. algebraicexpressions. whichlettersstandfornumbers.
6.EE.2b
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofarithmeticto Write,read,andevaluateexpressionsin algebraicexpressions. whichlettersstandfornumbers.
Evaluateexpressionsatspecificvaluesoftheirvariables.Include expressionsthatarisefromformulasusedinrealworldproblems. Performarithmeticoperations,includingthoseinvolvingwholenumber exponents,intheconventionalorderwhentherearenoparenthesesto specifyaparticularorder(OrderofOperations).
6.EE.2c
Algebra&Functions ProblemSolving
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofarithmeticto Applythepropertiesofoperationsto algebraicexpressions. generateequivalentexpressions.
6.EE.3
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Representation
Identifywhentwoexpressionsare Applyandextend equivalent(i.e.,whenthetwo previousunderstandings expressionsnamethesamenumber ofarithmeticto regardlessofwhichvalueissubstituted algebraicexpressions. intothem).
6.EE.4
Algebra&Functions
4of23
AppendixE
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code AlignedReadiStep Skill
Communication Understandsolvinganequationor inequalityasaprocessofansweringa question:whichvaluesfromaspecified set,ifany,maketheequationor inequalitytrue?Usesubstitutionto Reasonaboutandsolve determinewhetheragivennumberina onevariableequations specifiedsetmakesanequationor inequalitytrue. andinequalities.
Comments
6.EE.5
Algebra&Functions Reasoning
Usevariablestorepresentnumbersand writeexpressionswhensolvingareal worldormathematicalproblem; understandthatavariablecanrepresent Reasonaboutandsolve anunknownnumber,or,dependingon onevariableequations thepurposeathand,anynumberina specifiedset. andinequalities.
6.EE.6
Algebra&Functions Representation
Solverealworldandmathematical problemsbywritingandsolving Reasonaboutandsolve equationsoftheformx+p=q andpx= onevariableequations q forcasesinwhichp,q andx areall nonnegativerationalnumbers. andinequalities.
6.EE.7
Writeaninequalityoftheformx>c or x<c torepresentaconstraintor conditioninarealworldor mathematicalproblem.Recognizethat inequalitiesoftheformx>c or Reasonaboutandsolve x<c haveinfinitelymanysolutions; onevariableequations representsolutionsofsuchinequalities andinequalities. onnumberlinediagrams.
6.EE.8
Usevariablestorepresenttwo quantitiesinarealworldproblemthat changeinrelationshiptooneanother; writeanequationtoexpressone quantity,thoughtofasthedependent variable,intermsoftheotherquantity, Representandanalyze thoughtofastheindependentvariable. Analyzetherelationshipbetweenthe quantitative relationshipsbetween dependentandindependentvariables usinggraphsandtables,andrelatethese dependentand independentvariables. totheequation.
6.EE.9
5of23
AppendixE
Geometry
Findtheareaofrighttriangles,other triangles,specialquadrilaterals,and polygonsbycomposingintorectangles Solverealworldand ordecomposingintotrianglesandother mathematicalproblems shapes;applythesetechniquesinthe involvingarea,surface contextofsolvingrealworldand area,andvolume. mathematicalproblems.
6.G.1
Geometry
Findthevolumeofarightrectangular prismwithfractionaledgelengthsby packingitwithunitcubesofthe appropriateunitfractionedgelengths, andshowthatthevolumeisthesameas wouldbefoundbymultiplyingtheedge lengthsoftheprism.Applytheformulas Solverealworldand V=lwh andV=bh tofindvolumesof mathematicalproblems rightrectangularprismswithfractional involvingarea,surface edgelengthsinthecontextofsolving area,andvolume. realworldandmathematicalproblems.
6.G.2
Geometry
Drawpolygonsinthecoordinateplane givencoordinatesforthevertices;use coordinatestofindthelengthofaside joiningpointswiththesamefirst Solverealworldand coordinateorthesamesecond mathematicalproblems coordinate.Applythesetechniquesin involvingarea,surface thecontextofsolvingrealworldand mathematicalproblems. area,andvolume.
6.G.3
Geometry
Representthreedimensionalfigures usingnetsmadeupofrectanglesand triangles,andusethenetstofindthe Solverealworldand surfaceareaofthesefigures.Apply mathematicalproblems thesetechniquesinthecontextof involvingarea,surface solvingrealworldandmathematical problems. area,andvolume.
6.G.4
Statisticsand Probability
Recognizeastatisticalquestionasone thatanticipatesvariabilityinthedata Developunderstanding relatedtothequestionandaccountsfor ofstatisticalvariability. itintheanswers.
6.SP.1
Data,Statistics&Probability Reasoning
6of23
AppendixE
Understandthatasetofdatacollected toanswerastatisticalquestionhasa Developunderstanding distributionwhichcanbedescribedby ofstatisticalvariability. itscenter,spread,andoverallshape.
6.SP.2
Data,Statistics&Probability Communication
Recognizethatameasureofcenterfora numericaldatasetsummarizesallofits valueswithasinglenumber,whilea Developunderstanding measureofvariationdescribeshowits ofstatisticalvariability. valuesvarywithasinglenumber. Displaynumericaldatainplotsona Summarizeanddescribe numberline,includingdotplots, histograms,andboxplots. distributions.
6.SP.3
Data,Statistics&Probability Reasoning ReadiStepdoesnotrequire thatstudentsconstructbox plots.
6.SP.4
Data,Statistics&Probability Representation
Summarizeanddescribe Summarizenumericaldatasetsin distributions. relationtotheircontext,suchasby:
Reportingthenumberofobservations.
6.SP.5a
Describingthenatureoftheattributeunderinvestigation,includinghow itwasmeasuredanditsunitsofmeasurement. 6.SP.5b
Givingquantitativemeasuresofcenter(medianand/ormean)and variability(interquartilerangeand/ormeanabsolutedeviation),aswellas describinganyoverallpatternandanystrikingdeviationsfromtheoverall patternwithreferencetothecontextinwhichthedataweregathered. 6.SP.5c
ReadiStepalignsto measuresofcenteronly.
Relatingthechoiceofmeasuresofcenterandvariabilitytotheshapeof thedatadistributionandthecontextinwhichthedataweregathered.
6.SP.5d
Data,Statistics&Probability Connections
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse Computeunitratesassociatedwith themtosolverealworld ratiosoffractions,includingratiosof RatiosandProportional andmathematical lengths,areasandotherquantities Relationships problems. measuredinlikeordifferentunits.
7.RP.1
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse themtosolverealworld Recognizeandrepresentproportional RatiosandProportional andmathematical problems. relationshipsbetweenquantities. Relationships
Decidewhethertwoquantitiesareinaproportionalrelationship,e.g.,by testingforequivalentratiosinatableorgraphingonacoordinateplane andobservingwhetherthegraphisastraightlinethroughtheorigin. 7.RP.2a
Geometry&Measurement Reasoning
7of23
AppendixE
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse themtosolverealworld RatiosandProportional andmathematical Recognizeandrepresentproportional Relationships problems. relationshipsbetweenquantities.
Identifytheconstantofproportionality(unitrate)intables,graphs, equations,diagrams,andverbaldescriptionsofproportional relationships.
7.RP.2b
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse themtosolverealworld Recognizeandrepresentproportional RatiosandProportional andmathematical problems. relationshipsbetweenquantities. Relationships
Representproportionalrelationshipsbyequations.
7.RP.2c
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse themtosolverealworld RatiosandProportional andmathematical Recognizeandrepresentproportional Relationships problems. relationshipsbetweenquantities.
Explainwhatapoint(x,y) onthegraphofaproportionalrelationship meansintermsofthesituation,withspecialattentiontothepoints(0,0) and( 1,r) whereristheunitrate. 7.RP.2d
Analyzeproportional relationshipsanduse themtosolverealworld Useproportionalrelationshipstosolve RatiosandProportional andmathematical problems. multistepratioandpercentproblems. Relationships
7.RP.3
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend Applyandextendprevious previousunderstandings understandingsofadditionand ofoperationswith subtractiontoaddandsubtractrational fractionstoadd, numbers;representadditionand subtract,multiply,and subtractiononahorizontalorvertical Describesituationsinwhichoppositequantitiescombinetomake0. dividerationalnumbers. numberlinediagram.
7.NS.1a
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend Applyandextendprevious previousunderstandings understandingsofadditionand ofoperationswith subtractiontoaddandsubtractrational numbers;representadditionand fractionstoadd, subtract,multiply,and subtractiononahorizontalorvertical dividerationalnumbers. numberlinediagram.
Understandp+q asthenumberlocatedadistance|q| fromp ,inthe positiveornegativedirectiondependingonwhetherq ispositiveor negative.Showthatanumberanditsoppositehaveasumof0(are additiveinverses).Interpretsumsofrationalnumbersbydescribingreal worldcontexts. 7.NS.1b
8of23
AppendixE
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend Applyandextendprevious previousunderstandings understandingsofadditionand ofoperationswith subtractiontoaddandsubtractrational fractionstoadd, numbers;representadditionand subtract,multiply,and subtractiononahorizontalorvertical dividerationalnumbers. numberlinediagram.
Understandsubtractionofrationalnumbersasaddingtheadditive inverse,pq=p+(q) .Showthatthedistancebetweentworational numbersonthenumberlineistheabsolutevalueoftheirdifference,and applythisprincipleinrealworldcontexts. 7.NS.1c
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend Applyandextendprevious previousunderstandings understandingsofadditionand ofoperationswith subtractiontoaddandsubtractrational fractionstoadd, numbers;representadditionand subtract,multiply,and subtractiononahorizontalorvertical Applypropertiesofoperationsasstrategiestoaddandsubtractrational dividerationalnumbers. numberlinediagram. numbers. 7.NS.1d
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofmultiplicationand Applyandextendprevious divisionandoffractions understandingsofmultiplicationand tomultiplyanddivide divisionandoffractionstomultiplyand rationalnumbers. dividerationalnumbers.
Understandthatmultiplicationisextendedfromfractionstorational numbersbyrequiringthatoperationscontinuetosatisfythepropertiesof operations,particularlythedistributiveproperty,leadingtoproductssuch as(1)(1)=1andtherulesformultiplyingsignednumbers.Interpret productsofrationalnumbersbydescribingrealworldcontexts. 7.NS.2a
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings Applyandextendprevious ofmultiplicationand divisionandoffractions understandingsofmultiplicationand tomultiplyanddivide divisionandoffractionstomultiplyand rationalnumbers. dividerationalnumbers.
Understandthatintegerscanbedivided,providedthatthedivisorisnot zero,andeveryquotientofintegers(withnonzerodivisor)isarational number.Ifp andq areintegers,then(p/q)=(p)/q=p/(q) .Interpret quotientsofrationalnumbersbydescribingrealworldcontexts. 7.NS.2b
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofmultiplicationand Applyandextendprevious divisionandoffractions understandingsofmultiplicationand tomultiplyanddivide divisionandoffractionstomultiplyand Applypropertiesofoperationsasstrategiestomultiplyanddividerational dividerationalnumbers. numbers. 7.NS.2c rationalnumbers.
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofmultiplicationand Applyandextendprevious divisionandoffractions understandingsofmultiplicationand tomultiplyanddivide divisionandoffractionstomultiplyand Convertarationalnumbertoadecimalusinglongdivision;knowthatthe rationalnumbers. dividerationalnumbers. decimalformofarationalnumberterminatesin0soreventuallyrepeats. 7.NS.2d
Number&Operations
9of23
AppendixE
ProblemSolving
Comments
TheNumberSystem
Applyandextend previousunderstandings ofmultiplicationand divisionandoffractions Solverealworldandmathematical tomultiplyanddivide problemsinvolvingthefouroperations rationalnumbers. withrationalnumbers. Applypropertiesofoperationsas strategiestoadd,subtract,factor,and Usepropertiesof operationstogenerate expandlinearexpressionswithrational equivalentexpressions. coefficients.
7.NS.3
7.EE.1
Understandthatrewritinganexpression Usepropertiesof indifferentformsinaproblemcontext operationstogenerate canshedlightontheproblemandhow equivalentexpressions. thequantitiesinitarerelated.
7.EE.2
Solvemultistepreallifeand mathematicalproblemsposedwith positiveandnegativerationalnumbers inanyform(wholenumbers,fractions, anddecimals),usingtoolsstrategically. Applypropertiesofoperationsto Solvereallifeand calculatewithnumbersinanyform; mathematicalproblems convertbetweenformsasappropriate; usingnumericaland andassessthereasonablenessof algebraicexpressions answersusingmentalcomputationand andequations. estimationstrategies.
7.EE.3
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions ProblemSolving
Solvereallifeand mathematicalproblems usingnumericaland algebraicexpressions andequations.
Usevariablestorepresentquantitiesina Solvewordproblemsleadingtoequationsoftheformpx+q=r andp(x+ realworldormathematicalproblem, q)=r ,wherep ,q ,andr arespecificrationalnumbers.Solveequationsof theseformsfluently.Compareanalgebraicsolutiontoanarithmetic andconstructsimpleequationsand solution,identifyingthesequenceoftheoperationsusedineach inequalitiestosolveproblemsby approach. 7.EE.4a reasoningaboutthequantities.
Solvereallifeand mathematicalproblems usingnumericaland algebraicexpressions andequations.
Usevariablestorepresentquantitiesina realworldormathematicalproblem, Solvewordproblemsleadingtoinequalitiesoftheform andconstructsimpleequationsand px+q>r orpx+q<r ,wherep ,q ,andr arespecificrationalnumbers. inequalitiestosolveproblemsby Graphthesolutionsetoftheinequalityandinterpretitinthecontextof reasoningaboutthequantities. theproblem. 7.EE.4b
Algebra&Functions
10of23
AppendixE
Connections Draw,construct,and describegeometrical figuresanddescribethe relationshipsbetween them. Solveproblemsinvolvingscaledrawings ofgeometricfigures,including computingactuallengthsandareasfrom ascaledrawingandreproducingascale drawingatadifferentscale.
Comments
Geometry
7.G.1
Geometry
Draw(freehand,withrulerand protractor,andwithtechnology) geometricshapeswithgivenconditions. Focusonconstructingtrianglesfrom Draw,construct,and threemeasuresofanglesorsides, describegeometrical figuresanddescribethe noticingwhentheconditionsdetermine relationshipsbetween auniquetriangle,morethanone them. triangle,ornotriangle.
7.G.2
Geometry&Measurement Representation
Geometry
Draw,construct,and describegeometrical figuresanddescribethe relationshipsbetween them.
Describethetwodimensionalfigures thatresultfromslicingthree dimensionalfigures,asinplanesections ofrightrectangularprismsandright rectangularpyramids.
7.G.3
Geometry&Measurement Communication
Geometry
Solvereallifeand mathematicalproblems involvingangle measure,area,surface area,andvolume.
Knowtheformulasfortheareaand circumferenceofacircleandusethem tosolveproblems;giveaninformal derivationoftherelationshipbetween thecircumferenceandareaofacircle.
7.G.4
Geometry
Usefactsaboutsupplementary, complementary,vertical,andadjacent anglesinamultistepproblemtowrite andsolvesimpleequationsforan unknownangleinafigure.
7.G.5
Geometry
Solverealworldandmathematical problemsinvolvingarea,volumeand surfaceareaoftwoandthree dimensionalobjectscomposedof triangles,quadrilaterals,polygons, cubes,andrightprisms.
7.G.6
11of23
AppendixE
Understandthatstatisticscanbeusedto gaininformationaboutapopulationby examiningasampleofthepopulation; generalizationsaboutapopulationfrom asamplearevalidonlyifthesampleis representativeofthatpopulation. Userandomsamplingto Understandthatrandomsamplingtends drawinferencesabouta toproducerepresentativesamplesand supportvalidinferences. population.
7.SP.1
Usedatafromarandomsampletodraw inferencesaboutapopulationwithan unknowncharacteristicofinterest. Userandomsamplingto Generatemultiplesamples(orsimulated drawinferencesabouta samples)ofthesamesizetogaugethe variationinestimatesorpredictions. population.
7.SP.2
Informallyassessthedegreeofvisual overlapoftwonumericaldata distributionswithsimilarvariabilities, Drawinformal measuringthedifferencebetweenthe comparativeinferences centersbyexpressingitasamultipleofa abouttwopopulations. measureofvariability.
7.SP.3
Usemeasuresofcenterandmeasuresof variabilityfornumericaldatafrom Drawinformal randomsamplestodrawinformal comparativeinferences comparativeinferencesabouttwo abouttwopopulations. populations.
7.SP.4
Understandthattheprobabilityofa chanceeventisanumberbetween0and 1thatexpressesthelikelihoodofthe eventoccurring.Largernumbersindicate greaterlikelihood.Aprobabilitynear0 indicatesanunlikelyevent,aprobability around1/2indicatesaneventthatis Investigatechance processesanddevelop, neitherunlikelynorlikely,anda use,andevaluate probabilitynear1indicatesalikely probabilitymodels. event.
7.SP.5
12of23
AppendixE
Approximatetheprobabilityofachance eventbycollectingdataonthechance Investigatechance processthatproducesitandobserving processesanddevelop, itslongrunrelativefrequency,and use,andevaluate predicttheapproximaterelative probabilitymodels. frequencygiventheprobability.
7.SP.6
Developaprobabilitymodelanduseit tofindprobabilitiesofevents.Compare Investigatechance probabilitiesfromamodeltoobserved processesanddevelop, frequencies;iftheagreementisnot use,andevaluate good,explainpossiblesourcesofthe Developauniformprobabilitymodelbyassigningequalprobabilitytoall outcomes,andusethemodeltodetermineprobabilitiesofevents. 7.SP.7a probabilitymodels. discrepancy.
Developaprobabilitymodelanduseit tofindprobabilitiesofevents.Compare Investigatechance probabilitiesfromamodeltoobserved processesanddevelop, frequencies;iftheagreementisnot good,explainpossiblesourcesofthe Developaprobabilitymodel(whichmaynotbeuniform)byobserving use,andevaluate discrepancy. frequenciesindatageneratedfromachanceprocess. probabilitymodels.
7.SP.7b
Investigatechance processesanddevelop, Findprobabilitiesofcompoundevents use,andevaluate usingorganizedlists,tables,tree diagrams,andsimulation. probabilitymodels.
Understandthat,justaswithsimpleevents,theprobabilityofa compoundeventisthefractionofoutcomesinthesamplespacefor whichthecompoundeventoccurs.
7.SP.8a
Investigatechance processesanddevelop, Findprobabilitiesofcompoundevents usingorganizedlists,tables,tree use,andevaluate diagrams,andsimulation. probabilitymodels.
Representsamplespacesforcompoundeventsusingmethodssuchas organizedlists,tablesandtreediagrams.Foraneventdescribedin everydaylanguage(e.g.,rollingdoublesixes),identifytheoutcomesin thesamplespacewhichcomposetheevent. 7.SP.8b
Investigatechance processesanddevelop, Findprobabilitiesofcompoundevents use,andevaluate usingorganizedlists,tables,tree probabilitymodels. diagrams,andsimulation.
Designanduseasimulationtogeneratefrequenciesforcompound events.
7.SP.8c
Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving
TheNumberSystem
Knowthatthereare numbersthatarenot rational,and approximatethemby rationalnumbers.
Knowthatnumbersthatarenotrational arecalledirrational.Understand informallythateverynumberhasa decimalexpansion;forrationalnumbers showthatthedecimalexpansionrepeats eventually,andconvertadecimal expansionwhichrepeatseventuallyinto arationalnumber.
8.NS.1
ReadiStepalignstorational numbersonly.
13of23
AppendixE
Grade Domain Cluster
Knowthatthereare numbersthatarenot rational,and approximatethemby rationalnumbers.
Userationalapproximationsofirrational numberstocomparethesizeof irrationalnumbers,locatethem approximatelyonanumberline diagram,andestimatethevalueof expressions(e.g.,2).
Skill
Code
Comments
TheNumberSystem
8.NS.2
Knowandapplythepropertiesofinteger Workwithradicalsand exponentstogenerateequivalent integerexponents. numericalexpressions.
8.EE.1
Usesquarerootandcuberootsymbols torepresentsolutionstoequationsof theformx2=p andx3=p ,wherep isa positiverationalnumber.Evaluate squarerootsofsmallperfectsquares Workwithradicalsand andcuberootsofsmallperfectcubes. integerexponents. Knowthat2isirrational.
8.EE.2
ReadiStepdoesnotrequire studentstoworkwithcube root.
Usenumbersexpressedintheformofa singledigittimesanintegerpowerof10 toestimateverylargeorverysmall Workwithradicalsand quantities,andtoexpresshowmany timesasmuchoneisthantheother. integerexponents.
8.EE.3
Performoperationswithnumbers expressedinscientificnotation, includingproblemswherebothdecimal andscientificnotationareused.Use scientificnotationandchooseunitsof appropriatesizeformeasurementsof verylargeorverysmallquantities(e.g., usemillimetersperyearforseafloor Workwithradicalsand spreading).Interpretscientificnotation thathasbeengeneratedbytechnology. integerexponents.
8.EE.4
Understandthe connectionsbetween proportional relationships,lines,and linearequations.
Graphproportionalrelationships, interpretingtheunitrateastheslopeof thegraph.Comparetwodifferent proportionalrelationshipsrepresented indifferentways.
8.EE.5
14of23
AppendixE
Usesimilartrianglestoexplainwhythe slopem isthesamebetweenanytwo Understandthe distinctpointsonanonverticallinein connectionsbetween thecoordinateplane;derivethe proportional equationy=mx foralinethroughthe relationships,lines,and originandtheequationy=mx+b fora lineinterceptingtheverticalaxisatb. linearequations.
8.EE.6
Analyzeandsolvelinear equationsandpairsof simultaneouslinear equations. Solvelinearequationsinonevariable.
Giveexamplesoflinearequationsinonevariablewithonesolution, infinitelymanysolutions,ornosolutions.Showwhichofthese possibilitiesisthecasebysuccessivelytransformingthegivenequation intosimplerforms,untilanequivalentequationoftheformx=a ,a=a , ora=b results(wherea andb aredifferentnumbers). 8.EE.7a
Analyzeandsolvelinear equationsandpairsof simultaneouslinear equations. Solvelinearequationsinonevariable.
Solvelinearequationswithrationalnumbercoefficients,including equationswhosesolutionsrequireexpandingexpressionsusingthe distributivepropertyandcollectingliketerms.
8.EE.7b
Analyzeandsolvelinear equationsandpairsof Understandthatsolutionstoasystemoftwolinearequationsintwo simultaneouslinear Analyzeandsolvepairsofsimultaneous variablescorrespondtopointsofintersectionoftheirgraphs,because equations. linearequations. pointsofintersectionsatisfybothequationssimultaneously. Analyzeandsolvelinear equationsandpairsof Solvesystemsoftwolinearequationsintwovariablesalgebraically,and simultaneouslinear Analyzeandsolvepairsofsimultaneous estimatesolutionsbygraphingtheequations.Solvesimplecasesby equations. linearequations. inspection. Analyzeandsolvelinear equationsandpairsof Analyzeandsolvepairsofsimultaneous Solverealworldandmathematicalproblemsleadingtotwolinear simultaneouslinear equations. linearequations. equationsintwovariables.
8.EE.8a
8.EE.8b
8.EE.8c
Algebra&Functions Connections
Functions
Define,evaluate,and comparefunctions.
Understandthatafunctionisarulethat assignstoeachinputexactlyoneoutput. Thegraphofafunctionisthesetof orderedpairsconsistingofaninputand thecorrespondingoutput.
8.F.1
Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Connections
Functions
Comparepropertiesoftwofunctions eachrepresentedinadifferentway (algebraically,graphically,numericallyin tables,orbyverbaldescriptions).
8.F.2
Algebra&Functions
15of23
AppendixE
Reasoning Interprettheequationy=mx+b as definingalinearfunction,whosegraphis astraightline;giveexamplesof functionsthatarenotlinear.
Comments
Functions
8.F.3
Functions
Constructafunctiontomodelalinear relationshipbetweentwoquantities. Determinetherateofchangeandinitial valueofthefunctionfromadescription ofarelationshiporfromtwo(x,y ) values,includingreadingthesefroma tableorfromagraph.Interprettherate ofchangeandinitialvalueofalinear Usefunctionstomodel functionintermsofthesituationit relationshipsbetween models,andintermsofitsgraphora tableofvalues. quantities.
8.F.4
Functions
Describequalitativelythefunctional relationshipbetweentwoquantitiesby analyzingagraph(e.g.,wherethe functionisincreasingordecreasing, linearornonlinear).Sketchagraphthat Usefunctionstomodel exhibitsthequalitativefeaturesofa relationshipsbetween functionthathasbeendescribed verbally. quantities.
8.F.5
Geometry
Understandcongruence andsimilarityusing physicalmodels, transparencies, Verifyexperimentallythepropertiesof orgeometrysoftware. rotations,reflections,andtranslations:
Linesaretakentolines,andlinesegmentstolinesegmentsofthesame length.
8.G.1a
Geometry
Understandcongruence andsimilarityusing physicalmodels, Verifyexperimentallythepropertiesof transparencies, orgeometrysoftware. rotations,reflections,andtranslations:
Anglesaretakentoanglesofthesamemeasure.
8.G.1b
16of23
AppendixE
Geometry
Understandcongruence andsimilarityusing physicalmodels, transparencies, Verifyexperimentallythepropertiesof orgeometrysoftware. rotations,reflections,andtranslations:
Parallellinesaretakentoparallellines.
8.G.1c
Geometry
Understandthatatwodimensional figureiscongruenttoanotherifthe Understandcongruence secondcanbeobtainedfromthefirstby asequenceofrotations,reflections,and andsimilarityusing translations;giventwocongruent physicalmodels, figures,describeasequencethat transparencies, orgeometrysoftware. exhibitsthecongruencebetweenthem.
8.G.2
Geometry
Understandcongruence andsimilarityusing physicalmodels, transparencies, orgeometrysoftware.
Describetheeffectofdilations, translations,rotations,andreflections ontwodimensionalfiguresusing coordinates.
8.G.3
Geometry
Understandthatatwodimensional figureissimilartoanotherifthesecond canbeobtainedfromthefirstbya Understandcongruence sequenceofrotations,reflections, andsimilarityusing translations,anddilations;giventwo physicalmodels, similartwodimensionalfigures,describe asequencethatexhibitsthesimilarity transparencies, orgeometrysoftware. betweenthem.
8.G.4
Geometry
Understandcongruence andsimilarityusing physicalmodels, transparencies, orgeometrysoftware.
Useinformalargumentstoestablish factsabouttheanglesumandexterior angleoftriangles,abouttheangles createdwhenparallellinesarecutbya transversal,andtheangleanglecriterion forsimilarityoftriangles.
8.G.5
Geometry
Understandandapply thePythagorean Theorem.
ExplainaproofofthePythagorean Theoremanditsconverse.
8.G.6
17of23
AppendixE
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard
ApplythePythagoreanTheoremto determineunknownsidelengthsinright trianglesinrealworldandmathematical problemsintwoandthreedimensions.
Skill
Code
Comments
Geometry
Understandandapply thePythagorean Theorem.
8.G.7
Geometry
Understandandapply thePythagorean Theorem. Solverealworldand mathematicalproblems involvingvolumeof cylinders,cones,and spheres.
ApplythePythagoreanTheoremtofind thedistancebetweentwopointsina coordinatesystem.
8.G.8
Geometry
Knowtheformulasforthevolumesof cones,cylinders,andspheresanduse themtosolverealworldand mathematicalproblems.
8.G.9
ReadiStepalignstovolume ofacylinderonly.
Constructandinterpretscatterplotsfor bivariatemeasurementdatato investigatepatternsofassociation betweentwoquantities.Describe Investigatepatternsof patternssuchasclustering,outliers, associationinbivariate positiveornegativeassociation,linear data. association,andnonlinearassociation.
8.SP.1
Knowthatstraightlinesarewidelyused tomodelrelationshipsbetweentwo quantitativevariables.Forscatterplots thatsuggestalinearassociation, informallyfitastraightline,and Investigatepatternsof informallyassessthemodelfitby associationinbivariate judgingtheclosenessofthedatapoints data. totheline.
8.SP.2
Data,Statistics&Probability Connections
Usetheequationofalinearmodelto Investigatepatternsof solveproblemsinthecontextof associationinbivariate bivariatemeasurementdata, data. interpretingtheslopeandintercept.
8.SP.3
Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving
18of23
AppendixE
Understandthatpatternsofassociation canalsobeseeninbivariatecategorical databydisplayingfrequenciesand relativefrequenciesinatwowaytable. Constructandinterpretatwowaytable summarizingdataontwocategorical variablescollectedfromthesame subjects.Userelativefrequencies Investigatepatternsof calculatedforrowsorcolumnsto associationinbivariate describepossibleassociationbetween data. thetwovariables.
8.SP.4
ReadiStepdoesnotrequire thatstudentsdetermine relativefrequency.
K12
Standardsfor MathematicalPractice
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsstartbyexplainingtothemselvesthe meaningofaproblemandlookingforentrypointstoitssolution.They analyzegivens,constraints,relationships,andgoals.Theymake conjecturesabouttheformandmeaningofthesolutionandplana solutionpathwayratherthansimplyjumpingintoasolutionattempt. Theyconsideranalogousproblems,andtryspecialcasesandsimpler formsoftheoriginalprobleminordertogaininsightintoitssolution. Theymonitorandevaluatetheirprogressandchangecourseifnecessary. Olderstudentsmight,dependingonthecontextoftheproblem, transformalgebraicexpressionsorchangetheviewingwindowontheir graphingcalculatortogettheinformationtheyneed.Mathematically proficientstudentscanexplaincorrespondencesbetweenequations, verbaldescriptions,tables,andgraphsordrawdiagramsofimportant featuresandrelationships,graphdata,andsearchforregularityortrends. Youngerstudentsmightrelyonusingconcreteobjectsorpicturestohelp conceptualizeandsolveaproblem.Mathematicallyproficientstudents checktheiranswerstoproblemsusingadifferentmethod,andthey continuallyaskthemselves,Doesthismakesense?Theycanunderstand Makesenseofproblemsandpersevere theapproachesofotherstosolvingcomplexproblemsandidentify correspondencesbetweendifferentapproaches. MP.1 insolvingthem.
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning Connections Communication
19of23
AppendixE
Reasonabstractlyandquantitatively.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsmakesenseofquantitiesandtheir relationshipsinproblemsituations.Theybringtwocomplementary abilitiestobearonproblemsinvolvingquantitativerelationships:the abilitytodecontextualizetoabstractagivensituationandrepresentit symbolicallyandmanipulatetherepresentingsymbolsasiftheyhavea lifeoftheirown,withoutnecessarilyattendingtotheirreferentsandthe abilitytocontextualize,topauseasneededduringthemanipulation processinordertoprobeintothereferentsforthesymbolsinvolved. Quantitativereasoningentailshabitsofcreatingacoherent representationoftheproblemathand;consideringtheunitsinvolved; attendingtothemeaningofquantities,notjusthowtocomputethem; andknowingandflexiblyusingdifferentpropertiesofoperationsand objects. MP.2
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsunderstandandusestated assumptions,definitions,andpreviouslyestablishedresultsin constructingarguments.Theymakeconjecturesandbuildalogical progressionofstatementstoexplorethetruthoftheirconjectures.They areabletoanalyzesituationsbybreakingthemintocases,andcan recognizeandusecounterexamples.Theyjustifytheirconclusions, communicatethemtoothers,andrespondtotheargumentsofothers. Theyreasoninductivelyaboutdata,makingplausibleargumentsthattake intoaccountthecontextfromwhichthedataarose.Mathematically proficientstudentsarealsoabletocomparetheeffectivenessoftwo plausiblearguments,distinguishcorrectlogicorreasoningfromthat whichisflawed,andifthereisaflawinanargumentexplainwhatitis. Elementarystudentscanconstructargumentsusingconcretereferents suchasobjects,drawings,diagrams,andactions.Suchargumentscan makesenseandbecorrect,eventhoughtheyarenotgeneralizedormade formaluntillatergrades.Later,studentslearntodeterminedomainsto whichanargumentapplies.Studentsatallgradescanlistenorreadthe Constructviableargumentsandcritique argumentsofothers,decidewhethertheymakesense,andaskuseful questionstoclarifyorimprovethearguments. MP.3 thereasoningofothers.
Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability Reasoning Communication
20of23
AppendixE
Modelwithmathematics.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentscanapplythemathematicstheyknow tosolveproblemsarisingineverydaylife,society,andtheworkplace.In earlygrades,thismightbeassimpleaswritinganadditionequationto describeasituation.Inmiddlegrades,astudentmightapplyproportional reasoningtoplanaschooleventoranalyzeaprobleminthecommunity. Byhighschool,astudentmightusegeometrytosolveadesignproblem oruseafunctiontodescribehowonequantityofinterestdependson another.Mathematicallyproficientstudentswhocanapplywhatthey knowarecomfortablemakingassumptionsandapproximationsto simplifyacomplicatedsituation,realizingthatthesemayneedrevision later.Theyareabletoidentifyimportantquantitiesinapracticalsituation andmaptheirrelationshipsusingsuchtoolsasdiagrams,twowaytables, graphs,flowchartsandformulas.Theycananalyzethoserelationships mathematicallytodrawconclusions.Theyroutinelyinterprettheir mathematicalresultsinthecontextofthesituationandreflecton whethertheresultsmakesense,possiblyimprovingthemodelifithas notserveditspurpose. MP.4
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Connections Communication
Useappropriatetoolsstrategically.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsconsidertheavailabletoolswhen solvingamathematicalproblem.Thesetoolsmightincludepenciland paper,concretemodels,aruler,aprotractor,acalculator,aspreadsheet, acomputeralgebrasystem,astatisticalpackage,ordynamicgeometry software.Proficientstudentsaresufficientlyfamiliarwithtools appropriatefortheirgradeorcoursetomakesounddecisionsabout wheneachofthesetoolsmightbehelpful,recognizingboththeinsightto begainedandtheirlimitations.Forexample,mathematicallyproficient highschoolstudentsanalyzegraphsoffunctionsandsolutionsgenerated usingagraphingcalculator.Theydetectpossibleerrorsbystrategically usingestimationandothermathematicalknowledge.Whenmaking mathematicalmodels,theyknowthattechnologycanenablethemto visualizetheresultsofvaryingassumptions,exploreconsequences,and comparepredictionswithdata.Mathematicallyproficientstudentsat variousgradelevelsareabletoidentifyrelevantexternalmathematical resources,suchasdigitalcontentlocatedonawebsite,andusethemto poseorsolveproblems.Theyareabletousetechnologicaltoolsto exploreanddeepentheirunderstandingofconcepts. MP.5
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement
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AppendixE
Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Connections
Comments
Attendtoprecision.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentstrytocommunicatepreciselyto others.Theytrytousecleardefinitionsindiscussionwithothersandin theirownreasoning.Theystatethemeaningofthesymbolstheychoose, includingusingtheequalsignconsistentlyandappropriately.Theyare carefulaboutspecifyingunitsofmeasure,andlabelingaxestoclarifythe correspondencewithquantitiesinaproblem.Theycalculateaccurately andefficiently,expressnumericalanswerswithadegreeofprecision appropriatefortheproblemcontext.Intheelementarygrades,students givecarefullyformulatedexplanationstoeachother.Bythetimethey reachhighschooltheyhavelearnedtoexamineclaimsandmakeexplicit useofdefinitions. MP.6
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Communication
Lookforandmakeuseofstructure.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentslookcloselytodiscernapatternor structure.Youngstudents,forexample,mightnoticethatthreeandseven moreisthesameamountassevenandthreemore,ortheymaysorta collectionofshapesaccordingtohowmanysidestheshapeshave.Later, studentswillsee78equalsthewellremembered75+73,in preparationforlearningaboutthedistributiveproperty.Intheexpression x 2+9x +14,olderstudentscanseethe14as27andthe9as2+7. Theyrecognizethesignificanceofanexistinglineinageometricfigure andcanusethestrategyofdrawinganauxiliarylineforsolvingproblems. Theyalsocanstepbackforanoverviewandshiftperspective.Theycan seecomplicatedthings,suchassomealgebraicexpressions,assingle objectsorasbeingcomposedofseveralobjects.Forexample,theycan see53(x y )2as5minusapositivenumbertimesasquareanduse thattorealizethatitsvaluecannotbemorethan5foranyrealnumbersx andy . MP.7
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Connections
22of23
AppendixE
Lookforandexpressregularityin repeatedreasoning.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsnoticeifcalculationsarerepeated, andlookbothforgeneralmethodsandforshortcuts.Upperelementary studentsmightnoticewhendividing25by11thattheyarerepeatingthe samecalculationsoverandoveragain,andconcludetheyhavea repeatingdecimal.Bypayingattentiontothecalculationofslopeasthey repeatedlycheckwhetherpointsareonthelinethrough(1,2)withslope 3,middleschoolstudentsmightabstracttheequation(y 2)/(x 1)=3. Noticingtheregularityinthewaytermscancelwhenexpanding(x 1)(x +1),(x 1)(x 2+x +1),and(x 1)(x 3+x 2+x +1)mightleadthemto thegeneralformulaforthesumofageometricseries.Astheyworkto solveaproblem,mathematicallyproficientstudentsmaintainoversightof theprocess,whileattendingtothedetails.Theycontinuallyevaluatethe reasonablenessoftheirintermediateresults. MP.8
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics&Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning Connections Communication
23of23
AppendixE
Appendix F
PSAT/NMSQT Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table
MathematicsSideBySideAlignmentTables: PSAT/NMSQTCommonCoreStateStandards
Extendthepropertiesof exponentstorational exponents. Extendthepropertiesof exponentstorational exponents.
Explainhowthedefinitionofthemeaningofrational exponentsfollowsfromextendingthepropertiesof integerexponentstothosevalues,allowingfora notationforradicalsintermsofrationalexponents.
Skill
Code
Comments
HighSchoolNumber andQuantity
TheRealNumber System
NRN.1
Rewriteexpressionsinvolvingradicalsandrational exponentsusingthepropertiesofexponents.
NRN.2
Usepropertiesofrationaland irrationalnumbers.
Explainwhythesumorproductoftworational numbersisrational;thatthesumofarational numberandanirrationalnumberisirrational;and thattheproductofanonzerorationalnumberand anirrationalnumberisirrational.
NRN.3
Quantities*
Reasonquantitativelyanduse unitstosolveproblems.
Useunitsasawaytounderstandproblemsandto guidethesolutionofmultistepproblems;choose andinterpretunitsconsistentlyinformulas;choose andinterpretthescaleandtheoriginingraphsand datadisplays.
NQ.1
Quantities*
Defineappropriatequantitiesforthepurposeof descriptivemodeling.
NQ.2
Quantities*
Choosealevelofaccuracyappropriatetolimitations onmeasurementwhenreportingquantities.
NQ.3
Knowthereisacomplexnumberi suchthat TheComplexNumber Performarithmeticoperations i 2=1,andeverycomplexnumberhastheform a+bi witha andb real. System withcomplexnumbers. Usetherelationi 2=1andthecommutative, TheComplexNumber Performarithmeticoperations associative,anddistributivepropertiestoadd, subtract,andmultiplycomplexnumbers. System withcomplexnumbers. (+)Findtheconjugateofacomplexnumber;use TheComplexNumber Performarithmeticoperations conjugatestofindmoduliandquotientsofcomplex System withcomplexnumbers. numbers. (+)Representcomplexnumbersonthecomplex planeinrectangularandpolarform(includingreal andimaginarynumbers),andexplainwhythe rectangularandpolarformsofagivencomplex numberrepresentthesamenumber.
NCN.1
HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolNumber andQuantity
NCN.2
NCN.3
Representcomplexnumbers TheComplexNumber andtheiroperationsonthe System complexplane.
NCN.4
1of26
AppendixF
(+)Representaddition,subtraction,multiplication, andconjugationofcomplexnumbersgeometrically onthecomplexplane;usepropertiesofthis representationforcomputation. (+)Calculatethedistancebetweennumbersinthe complexplaneasthemodulusofthedifference,and themidpointofasegmentastheaverageofthe numbersatitsendpoints. Solvequadraticequationswithrealcoefficientsthat havecomplexsolutions. (+)Extendpolynomialidentitiestothecomplex numbers. (+)KnowtheFundamentalTheoremofAlgebra; showthatitistrueforquadraticpolynomials. (+)Recognizevectorquantitiesashavingboth magnitudeanddirection.Representvector quantitiesbydirectedlinesegments,anduse appropriatesymbolsforvectorsandtheir magnitudes(e.g.,v ,|v |,||v ||,v ). (+)Findthecomponentsofavectorbysubtracting thecoordinatesofaninitialpointfromthe coordinatesofaterminalpoint. (+)Solveproblemsinvolvingvelocityandother quantitiesthatcanberepresentedbyvectors.
Skill
Code
Comments
Representcomplexnumbers TheComplexNumber andtheiroperationsonthe System complexplane. Representcomplexnumbers TheComplexNumber andtheiroperationsonthe complexplane. System Usecomplexnumbersin TheComplexNumber polynomialidentitiesand equations. System Usecomplexnumbersin TheComplexNumber polynomialidentitiesand System equations. Usecomplexnumbersin TheComplexNumber polynomialidentitiesand System equations.
NCN.5
HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolNumber andQuantity
NCN.6
ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnot includecomplexsolutions.
NCN.7
NCN.8
NCN.9
VectorandMatrix Quantities
Representandmodelwith vectorquantities.
NVM.1
VectorandMatrix Quantities VectorandMatrix Quantities
Representandmodelwith vectorquantities. Representandmodelwith vectorquantities.
NVM.2
NVM.3 Addvectorsendtoend,componentwise,andbythe parallelogramrule.Understandthatthemagnitudeof asumoftwovectorsistypicallynotthesumofthe magnitudes. NVM.4a Giventwovectorsinmagnitudeanddirectionform, determinethemagnitudeanddirectionoftheirsum. NVM.4b Understandvectorsubtractionv w asv+(w ), wherew istheadditiveinverseofw ,withthesame magnitudeaswandpointingintheopposite direction.Representvectorsubtractiongraphicallyby connectingthetipsintheappropriateorder,and performvectorsubtractioncomponentwise. NVM.4c Representscalarmultiplicationgraphicallybyscaling vectorsandpossiblyreversingtheirdirection;perform scalarmultiplicationcomponentwise,e.g.,asc (v x , NVM.5a v y )=(cv x ,cv y ).
Performoperationsonvectors. (+)Addandsubtractvectors.
Performoperationsonvectors. (+)Multiplyavectorbyascalar.
2of26
AppendixF
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill Comments
VectorandMatrix Quantities VectorandMatrix Quantities VectorandMatrix Quantities VectorandMatrix Quantities
Performoperationsonvectors. (+)Multiplyavectorbyascalar. (+)Usematricestorepresentandmanipulatedata, Performoperationsonmatrices e.g.,torepresentpayoffsorincidencerelationships andusematricesinapplications. inanetwork. (+)Multiplymatricesbyscalarstoproducenew Performoperationsonmatrices matrices,e.g.,aswhenallofthepayoffsinagame andusematricesinapplications. aredoubled. Performoperationsonmatrices (+)Add,subtract,andmultiplymatricesof andusematricesinapplications. appropriatedimensions. (+)Understandthat,unlikemultiplicationof numbers,matrixmultiplicationforsquarematricesis Performoperationsonmatrices notacommutativeoperation,butstillsatisfiesthe andusematricesinapplications. associativeanddistributiveproperties. (+)Understandthatthezeroandidentitymatrices playaroleinmatrixadditionandmultiplication similartotheroleof0and1intherealnumbers.The Performoperationsonmatrices determinantofasquarematrixisnonzeroifandonly andusematricesinapplications. ifthematrixhasamultiplicativeinverse. (+)Multiplyavector(regardedasamatrixwithone column)byamatrixofsuitabledimensionsto Performoperationsonmatrices produceanothervector.Workwithmatricesas andusematricesinapplications. transformationsofvectors. (+)Workwith22matricesastransformationsof theplane,andinterprettheabsolutevalueofthe determinantintermsofarea. Interpretexpressionsthatrepresentaquantityin termsofitscontext. Interpretexpressionsthatrepresentaquantityin termsofitscontext. Usethestructureofanexpressiontoidentifyways torewriteit.
Computethemagnitudeofascalarmultiplecv using ||cv ||=|c |v .Computethedirectionofcv knowing thatwhen|c |v 0,thedirectionofcv iseitheralong NVM.5b v (forc >0)oragainstv (forc <0).
NVM.6
NVM.7
NVM.8
NVM.9
NVM.10
NVM.11
HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolAlgebra
VectorandMatrix Quantities SeeingStructurein Expressions SeeingStructurein Expressions SeeingStructurein Expressions
Performoperationsonmatrices andusematricesinapplications. Interpretthestructureof expressions. Interpretthestructureof expressions. Interpretthestructureof expressions.
NVM.12 Interpretpartsofanexpression,suchasterms, factors,andcoefficients. ASSE.1a Algebra&Functions Communication
HighSchoolAlgebra
Interpretcomplicatedexpressionsbyviewingoneor moreoftheirpartsasasingleentity. ASSE.1b
HighSchoolAlgebra
ASSE.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
SeeingStructurein Expressions
Chooseandproduceanequivalentformofan Writeexpressionsinequivalent expressiontorevealandexplainpropertiesofthe formstosolveproblems. quantityrepresentedbytheexpression.
Factoraquadraticexpressiontorevealthezerosof thefunctionitdefines.
ASSE.3a
3of26
AppendixF
Grade Domain
Cluster
Skill
Completethesquareinaquadraticexpressionto revealthemaximumorminimumvalueofthe functionitdefines.
Code
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
ASSE.3b
HighSchoolAlgebra
Usethepropertiesofexponentstotransform expressionsforexponentialfunctions.
ASSE.3c
HighSchoolAlgebra
Derivetheformulaforthesumofafinitegeometric Writeexpressionsinequivalent series(whenthecommonratioisnot1),andusethe formstosolveproblems. formulatosolveproblems. Understandthatpolynomialsformasystem analogoustotheintegers,namely,theyareclosed undertheoperationsofaddition,subtraction,and Performarithmeticoperations multiplication;add,subtract,andmultiply onpolynomials. polynomials.
ASSE.4
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignsto useoftheformulatosolve problems.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Arithmeticwith Polynomialsand RationalExpressions
AAPR.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
Understandtherelationship betweenzerosandfactorsof polynomials.
KnowandapplytheRemainderTheorem:Fora polynomialp (x )andanumbera ,theremainderon divisionbyxa isp (a ),sop (a )=0ifandonlyif(x a )isafactorofp (x) . Identifyzerosofpolynomialswhensuitable factorizationsareavailable,andusethezerosto constructaroughgraphofthefunctiondefinedby thepolynomial.
AAPR.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
Understandtherelationship betweenzerosandfactorsof polynomials.
AAPR.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
Usepolynomialidentitiesto solveproblems.
Provepolynomialidentitiesandusethemtodescribe numericalrelationships. (+)KnowandapplytheBinomialTheoremforthe expansionof(x+y )n inpowersofx andy fora positiveintegern ,wherex andy areanynumbers, withcoefficientsdeterminedforexamplebyPascals Triangle.
AAPR.4
HighSchoolAlgebra
Usepolynomialidentitiesto solveproblems.
AAPR.5
HighSchoolAlgebra
Rewriterationalexpressions.
Rewritesimplerationalexpressionsindifferent forms;writea(x)/b(x) intheformq(x)+r(x)/b(x) , wherea(x),b(x),q(x), andr(x) arepolynomialswith thedegreeofr(x) lessthanthedegreeofb(x) ,using inspection,longdivision,or,forthemore complicatedexamples,acomputeralgebrasystem.
AAPR.6
Algebra&Functions
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AppendixF
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code Aligned PSAT/NMSQTSkill
Representation
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Rewriterationalexpressions.
(+)Understandthatrationalexpressionsforma systemanalogoustotherationalnumbers,closed underaddition,subtraction,multiplication,and divisionbyanonzerorationalexpression;add, subtract,multiply,anddividerationalexpressions.
AAPR.7
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Createequationsandinequalitiesinonevariableand usethemtosolveproblems.Includeequations Createequationsthatdescribe arisingfromlinearandquadraticfunctions,and numbersorrelationships. simplerationalandexponentialfunctions.
ACED.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Createequationsintwoormorevariablesto Createequationsthatdescribe representrelationshipsbetweenquantities;graph equationsoncoordinateaxeswithlabelsandscales. numbersorrelationships.
ACED.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Representconstraintsbyequationsorinequalities, andbysystemsofequationsand/orinequalities,and Createequationsthatdescribe interpretsolutionsasviableornonviableoptionsina numbersorrelationships. modelingcontext. Rearrangeformulastohighlightaquantityof Createequationsthatdescribe interest,usingthesamereasoningasinsolving numbersorrelationships. equations.
ACED.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
ACED.4
HighSchoolAlgebra
Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities
Explaineachstepinsolvingasimpleequationas followingfromtheequalityofnumbersassertedat Understandsolvingequationsas thepreviousstep,startingfromtheassumptionthat theoriginalequationhasasolution.Constructa aprocessofreasoningand viableargumenttojustifyasolutionmethod. explainthereasoning.
AREI.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities
Understandsolvingequationsas Solvesimplerationalandradicalequationsinone aprocessofreasoningand variable,andgiveexamplesshowinghowextraneous explainthereasoning. solutionsmayarise. Solvelinearequationsandinequalitiesinone Solveequationsandinequalities variable,includingequationswithcoefficients representedbyletters. inonevariable. Usethemethodofcompletingthesquareto transformanyquadraticequationinx intoan equationoftheform(xp )2=q thathasthesame solutions.Derivethequadraticformulafromthis form.
AREI.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
AREI.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solveequationsandinequalities inonevariable. Solvequadraticequationsinonevariable.
AREI.4a
Algebra&Functions
5of26
AppendixF
ProblemSolving Solvequadraticequationsbyinspection(e.g.,forx 2= 49),takingsquareroots,completingthesquare,the quadraticformulaandfactoring,asappropriatetothe initialformoftheequation.Recognizewhenthe quadraticformulagivescomplexsolutionsandwrite themasabi forrealnumbersa andb . AREI.4b
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solveequationsandinequalities inonevariable. Solvequadraticequationsinonevariable.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solvesystemsofequations.
Provethat,givenasystemoftwoequationsintwo variables,replacingoneequationbythesumofthat equationandamultipleoftheotherproducesa systemwiththesamesolutions.
AREI.5
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignsto useoftheembeddedskill tosolveproblems.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solvesystemsoflinearequationsexactlyand approximately(e.g.,withgraphs),focusingonpairs oflinearequationsintwovariables. Solveasimplesystemconsistingofalinearequation andaquadraticequationintwovariables algebraicallyandgraphically.
AREI.6
HighSchoolAlgebra
AREI.7
Algebra&Functions ProblemSolving ThePSAT/NMSQTdoesnot requirethatstudents representsystemsinmatrix formexclusively.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities
(+)Representasystemoflinearequationsasasingle matrixequationinavectorvariable.
AREI.8
HighSchoolAlgebra
HighSchoolAlgebra
(+)Findtheinverseofamatrixifitexistsanduseit tosolvesystemsoflinearequations(using technologyformatricesofdimension33or Solvesystemsofequations. greater). Understandthatthegraphofanequationintwo variablesisthesetofallitssolutionsplottedinthe Representandsolveequations coordinateplane,oftenformingacurve(whichcould andinequalitiesgraphically. bealine).
AREI.9
AREI.10
HighSchoolAlgebra
Explainwhythex coordinatesofthepointswhere thegraphsoftheequationsy=f(x) and y=g(x) intersectarethesolutionsoftheequation f(x)=g(x) ;findthesolutionsapproximately,e.g., usingtechnologytographthefunctions,maketables ofvalues,orfindsuccessiveapproximations.Include caseswheref(x) and/org(x) arelinear,polynomial, Representandsolveequations rational,absolutevalue,exponential,andlogarithmic functions. andinequalitiesgraphically.
AREI.11
Studentsareexpectedtobe abletoidentifypointsof intersectionasthesolution onthePSAT/NMSQT.They mayusegraphing calculatorstodetermine theanswers.
6of26
AppendixF
HighSchoolAlgebra
Graphthesolutionstoalinearinequalityintwo variablesasahalfplane(excludingtheboundaryin thecaseofastrictinequality),andgraphthesolution Representandsolveequations settoasystemoflinearinequalitiesintwovariables astheintersectionofthecorrespondinghalfplanes. andinequalitiesgraphically.
AREI.12
Understandtheconceptofa functionandusefunction HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions notation.
Understandthatafunctionfromoneset(calledthe domain)toanotherset(calledtherange)assignsto eachelementofthedomainexactlyoneelementof therange.Iff isafunctionandx isanelementofits domain,thenf(x) denotestheoutputoff correspondingtotheinputx .Thegraphoffisthe graphoftheequationy=f(x) .
FIF.1
Understandtheconceptofa functionandusefunction HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions notation. Understandtheconceptofa functionandusefunction HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions notation.
Usefunctionnotation,evaluatefunctionsforinputs intheirdomains,andinterpretstatementsthatuse functionnotationintermsofacontext. Recognizethatsequencesarefunctions,sometimes definedrecursively,whosedomainisasubsetofthe integers.
FIF.2
FIF.3
Forafunctionthatmodelsarelationshipbetween twoquantities,interpretkeyfeaturesofgraphsand tablesintermsofthequantities,andsketchgraphs showingkeyfeaturesgivenaverbaldescriptionof therelationship.Keyfeaturesinclude:intercepts; intervalswherethefunctionisincreasing, Interpretfunctionsthatarisein decreasing,positive,ornegative;relativemaximums applicationsintermsofthe andminimums;symmetries;endbehavior;and HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions context. periodicity. Interpretfunctionsthatarisein Relatethedomainofafunctiontoitsgraphand, whereapplicable,tothequantitativerelationshipit applicationsintermsofthe describes. HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions context. Calculateandinterprettheaveragerateofchangeof Interpretfunctionsthatarisein afunction(presentedsymbolicallyorasatable)over applicationsintermsofthe aspecifiedinterval.Estimatetherateofchangefrom HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions context. agraph.
FIF.4
FIF.5
FIF.6
Analyzefunctionsusing HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions differentrepresentations.
Graphfunctionsexpressedsymbolicallyandshow keyfeaturesofthegraph,byhandinsimplecases andusingtechnologyformorecomplicatedcases.
Graphlinearandquadraticfunctionsandshow intercepts,maxima,andminima.
FIF.7a
7of26
AppendixF
Skill
Code
Comments
Graphsquareroot,cuberoot,andpiecewisedefined functions,includingstepfunctionsandabsolutevalue functions. FIF.7b
Graphpolynomialfunctions,identifyingzeroswhen suitablefactorizationsareavailable,andshowingend behavior. FIF.7c
(+)Graphrationalfunctions,identifyingzerosand asymptoteswhensuitablefactorizationsareavailable, andshowingendbehavior. FIF.7d
Graphexponentialandlogarithmicfunctions,showing interceptsandendbehavior,andtrigonometric functions,showingperiod,midline,andamplitude. FIF.7e
Usetheprocessoffactoringandcompletingthe Writeafunctiondefinedbyanexpressionin squareinaquadraticfunctiontoshowzeros,extreme differentbutequivalentformstorevealandexplain values,andsymmetryofthegraph,andinterpret FIF.8a differentpropertiesofthefunction. theseintermsofacontext. Writeafunctiondefinedbyanexpressionin differentbutequivalentformstorevealandexplain Usethepropertiesofexponentstointerpret differentpropertiesofthefunction. expressionsforexponentialfunctions. Comparepropertiesoftwofunctionseach representedinadifferentway(algebraically, graphically,numericallyintables,orbyverbal descriptions).
FIF.8b
Analyzefunctionsusing HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions differentrepresentations. Buildafunctionthatmodelsa relationshipbetweentwo quantities. Buildafunctionthatmodelsa relationshipbetweentwo quantities. Buildafunctionthatmodelsa relationshipbetweentwo quantities
FIF.9
HighSchoolFunctions BuildingFunctions
Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship betweentwoquantities.
Determineanexplicitexpression,arecursiveprocess, orstepsforcalculationfromacontext. FBF.1a
Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship betweentwoquantities.
Combinestandardfunctiontypesusingarithmetic operations.
FBF.1b
Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship betweentwoquantities. Writearithmeticandgeometricsequencesboth recursivelyandwithanexplicitformula,usethemto modelsituations,andtranslatebetweenthetwo forms.
(+)Composefunctions.
FBF.1c
Buildafunctionthatmodelsa relationshipbetweentwo quantities.
FBF.2
Algebra&Functions
8of26
AppendixF
Representation Identifytheeffectonthegraphofreplacingf(x) by f(x)+k,kf(x),f(kx), andf(x+k) forspecificvaluesof k (bothpositiveandnegative);findthevalueofk giventhegraphs.Experimentwithcasesand illustrateanexplanationoftheeffectsonthegraph usingtechnology.Includerecognizingevenandodd functionsfromtheirgraphsandalgebraic expressionsforthem.
Comments
Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions.
FBF.3 Solveanequationoftheformf(x)=c forasimple functionf thathasaninverseandwriteanexpression fortheinverse. FBF.4a (+)Verifybycompositionthatonefunctionisthe inverseofanother.
Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions. Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions.
Findinversefunctions.
FBF.4b
Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions. Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions.
(+)Readvaluesofaninversefunctionfromagraphor atable,giventhatthefunctionhasaninverse. FBF.4c (+)Produceaninvertiblefunctionfromanon invertiblefunctionbyrestrictingthedomain.
Findinversefunctions. (+)Understandtheinverserelationshipbetween exponentsandlogarithmsandusethisrelationship tosolveproblemsinvolvinglogarithmsand exponents.
FBF.4d
FBF.5
Constructandcomparelinear, Linear,Quadratic,and quadratic,andexponential HighSchoolFunctions ExponentialModels* modelsandsolveproblems.
Provethatlinearfunctionsgrowbyequaldifferences Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled overequalintervals,andthatexponentialfunctions withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. growbyequalfactorsoverequalintervals. FLE.1a
Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled Recognizesituationsinwhichonequantitychangesat withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. aconstantrateperunitintervalrelativetoanother. FLE.1b
Recognizesituationsinwhichaquantitygrowsor Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled decaysbyaconstantpercentrateperunitinterval withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. relativetoanother.
FLE.1c
9of26
AppendixF
Constructlinearandexponentialfunctions,including arithmeticandgeometricsequences,givenagraph,a descriptionofarelationship,ortwoinputoutput pairs(includereadingthesefromatable).
Skill
Code
Comments
FLE.2
Observeusinggraphsandtablesthataquantity increasingexponentiallyeventuallyexceedsa quantityincreasinglinearly,quadratically,or(more generally)asapolynomialfunction.
FLE.3
Constructandcomparelinear, Linear,Quadratic,and quadratic,andexponential HighSchoolFunctions ExponentialModels* modelsandsolveproblems. Interpretexpressionsfor Linear,Quadratic,and functionsintermsofthe HighSchoolFunctions ExponentialModels* situationtheymodel.
Forexponentialmodels,expressasalogarithmthe solutiontoabct=d wherea,c, andd arenumbers andthebaseb is2,10,ore ;evaluatethelogarithm usingtechnology. Interprettheparametersinalinearorexponential functionintermsofacontext.
FLE.4
FLE.5
Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctionsusing theunitcircle.
Understandradianmeasureofanangleasthelength ofthearcontheunitcirclesubtendedbytheangle. Explainhowtheunitcircleinthecoordinateplane enablestheextensionoftrigonometricfunctionsto allrealnumbers,interpretedasradianmeasuresof anglestraversedcounterclockwisearoundtheunit circle. (+)Usespecialtrianglestodeterminegeometrically thevaluesofsine,cosine,tangentfor/3,/4and /6,andusetheunitcircletoexpressthevaluesof sine,cosine,andtangentforx ,+x ,and2x in termsoftheirvaluesforx ,wherex isanyreal number. (+)Usetheunitcircletoexplainsymmetry(oddand even)andperiodicityoftrigonometricfunctions. Choosetrigonometricfunctionstomodelperiodic phenomenawithspecifiedamplitude,frequency,and midline. (+)Understandthatrestrictingatrigonometric functiontoadomainonwhichitisalwaysincreasing oralwaysdecreasingallowsitsinversetobe constructed. (+)Useinversefunctionstosolvetrigonometric equationsthatariseinmodelingcontexts;evaluate thesolutionsusingtechnology,andinterpretthemin termsofthecontext.
FTF.1
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctionsusing theunitcircle.
FTF.2
Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctionsusing theunitcircle. Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctionsusing theunitcircle. Modelperiodicphenomena withtrigonometricfunctions.
FTF.3
FTF.4
FTF.5
Modelperiodicphenomena withtrigonometricfunctions.
FTF.6
Modelperiodicphenomena withtrigonometricfunctions.
FTF.7
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AppendixF
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code
FTF.8
Comments
Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions Trigonometric HighSchoolFunctions Functions
Proveandapplytrigonometric ProvethePythagoreanidentitysin2()+cos2()=1 identities. anduseittocalculatetrigonometricratios. (+)Provetheadditionandsubtractionformulasfor Proveandapplytrigonometric sine,cosine,andtangentandusethemtosolve identities. problems. Knowprecisedefinitionsofangle,circle, perpendicularline,parallelline,andlinesegment, basedontheundefinednotionsofpoint,line, distancealongaline,anddistancearoundacircular arc.
FTF.9
HighSchoolGeometry Congruence
Experimentwith transformationsintheplane.
GCO.1
Representtransformationsintheplaneusing,e.g., transparenciesandgeometrysoftware;describe transformationsasfunctionsthattakepointsinthe planeasinputsandgiveotherpointsasoutputs. Comparetransformationsthatpreservedistanceand angletothosethatdonot(e.g.,translationversus horizontalstretch). Givenarectangle,parallelogram,trapezoid,or regularpolygon,describetherotationsand reflectionsthatcarryitontoitself.
GCO.2
GCO.3
Developdefinitionsofrotations,reflections,and translationsintermsofangles,circles,perpendicular lines,parallellines,andlinesegments.
GCO.4
Givenageometricfigureandarotation,reflection,or translation,drawthetransformedfigureusing,e.g., graphpaper,tracingpaper,orgeometrysoftware. Specifyasequenceoftransformationsthatwillcarry agivenfigureontoanother.
GCO.5
Understandcongruencein termsofrigidmotions.
Usegeometricdescriptionsofrigidmotionsto transformfiguresandtopredicttheeffectofagiven rigidmotiononagivenfigure;giventwofigures,use thedefinitionofcongruenceintermsofrigid motionstodecideiftheyarecongruent.
GCO.6
Usethedefinitionofcongruenceintermsofrigid motionstoshowthattwotrianglesarecongruentif andonlyifcorrespondingpairsofsidesand correspondingpairsofanglesarecongruent.
GCO.7
11of26
AppendixF
Explainhowthecriteriafortrianglecongruence(ASA, SAS,andSSS)followfromthedefinitionof congruenceintermsofrigidmotions.
Skill
Code
Comments
GCO.8
Provegeometrictheorems.
Provetheoremsaboutlinesandangles.Theorems include:verticalanglesarecongruent;whena transversalcrossesparallellines,alternateinterior anglesarecongruentandcorrespondinganglesare congruent;pointsonaperpendicularbisectorofa linesegmentareexactlythoseequidistantfromthe segmentsendpoints.
GCO.9
ThePSAT/NMSQTalignsto useoftheconceptswithin theprooftosolve Geometry&Measurement problems. Reasoning
Provetheoremsabouttriangles.Theoremsinclude: measuresofinterioranglesofatrianglesumto180; baseanglesofisoscelestrianglesarecongruent;the segmentjoiningmidpointsoftwosidesofatriangle isparalleltothethirdsideandhalfthelength;the mediansofatrianglemeetatapoint. Provetheoremsaboutparallelograms.Theorems include:oppositesidesarecongruent,opposite anglesarecongruent,thediagonalsofa parallelogrambisecteachother,andconversely, rectanglesareparallelogramswithcongruent diagonals.
GCO.10
GCO.11
Makeformalgeometricconstructionswithavariety oftoolsandmethods(compassandstraightedge, string,reflectivedevices,paperfolding,dynamic geometricsoftware,etc.).Copyingasegment; copyinganangle;bisectingasegment;bisectingan angle;constructingperpendicularlines,includingthe perpendicularbisectorofalinesegment;and constructingalineparalleltoagivenlinethrougha Makegeometricconstructions. pointnotontheline. Constructanequilateraltriangle,asquare,anda Makegeometricconstructions. regularhexagoninscribedinacircle.
GCO.12
GCO.13
Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry
Understandsimilarityinterms ofsimilaritytransformations.
Verifyexperimentallythepropertiesofdilations givenbyacenterandascalefactor:
Adilationtakesalinenotpassingthroughthecenter ofthedilationtoaparallelline,andleavesaline passingthroughthecenterunchanged. GSRT.1a
Thedilationofalinesegmentislongerorshorterin theratiogivenbythescalefactor.
GSRT.1b
Geometry&Measurement
12of26
AppendixF
Reasoning
Comments
Giventwofigures,usethedefinitionofsimilarityin termsofsimilaritytransformationstodecideifthey aresimilar;explainusingsimilaritytransformations themeaningofsimilarityfortrianglesastheequality ofallcorrespondingpairsofanglesandthe proportionalityofallcorrespondingpairsofsides. Usethepropertiesofsimilaritytransformationsto establishtheAAcriterionfortwotrianglestobe similar.
GSRT.2
GSRT.3
Provetheoremsinvolving similarity.
Provetheoremsabouttriangles.Theoremsinclude:a lineparalleltoonesideofatriangledividestheother twoproportionally,andconversely;thePythagorean Theoremprovedusingtrianglesimilarity. Usecongruenceandsimilaritycriteriafortrianglesto solveproblemsandtoproverelationshipsin geometricfigures.
GSRT.4
GSRT.5
Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry
Understandthatbysimilarity,sideratiosinright Definetrigonometricratiosand trianglesarepropertiesoftheanglesinthetriangle, solveproblemsinvolvingright leadingtodefinitionsoftrigonometricratiosfor acuteangles. triangles. Definetrigonometricratiosand solveproblemsinvolvingright Explainandusetherelationshipbetweenthesine andcosineofcomplementaryangles. triangles. Definetrigonometricratiosand solveproblemsinvolvingright UsetrigonometricratiosandthePythagorean triangles. Theoremtosolverighttrianglesinappliedproblems.
GSRT.6
GSRT.7
GSRT.8
Applytrigonometrytogeneral triangles. Applytrigonometrytogeneral triangles.
(+)DerivetheformulaA=1/2ab sin(C)forthearea ofatrianglebydrawinganauxiliarylinefroma vertexperpendiculartotheoppositeside. (+)ProvetheLawsofSinesandCosinesandusethem tosolveproblems. (+)UnderstandandapplytheLawofSinesandthe LawofCosinestofindunknownmeasurementsin rightandnonrighttriangles(e.g.,surveying problems,resultantforces).
GSRT.9
GSRT.10
Similarity,Right Triangles,and HighSchoolGeometry Trigonometry
Applytrigonometrytogeneral triangles.
GSRT.11
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AppendixF
HighSchoolGeometry Circles
Understandandapplytheorems aboutcircles. Provethatallcirclesaresimilar.
GC.1
Identifyanddescriberelationshipsamonginscribed angles,radii,andchords.Includetherelationship betweencentral,inscribed,andcircumscribed angles;inscribedanglesonadiameterareright Understandandapplytheorems angles;theradiusofacircleisperpendiculartothe aboutcircles. tangentwheretheradiusintersectsthecircle.
GC.2
Geometry&Measurement Communication PSAT/NMSQTalignsto understandingofthe propertiesofanglesofthe quadrilateralinscribedina Geometry&Measurement circle. Representation PSAT/NMSQTalignsto understandingofthe propertiesofalineoutside acircletangenttothe Geometry&Measurement circle. Representation
Constructtheinscribedandcircumscribedcirclesofa Understandandapplytheorems triangle,andprovepropertiesofanglesfora quadrilateralinscribedinacircle. aboutcircles.
GC.3
Understandandapplytheorems (+)Constructatangentlinefromapointoutsidea aboutcircles. givencircletothecircle.
GC.4
Findarclengthsandareasof sectorsofcircles.
Deriveusingsimilaritythefactthatthelengthofthe arcinterceptedbyanangleisproportionaltothe radius,anddefinetheradianmeasureoftheangleas theconstantofproportionality;derivetheformula fortheareaofasector.
GC.5
Translatebetweenthe ExpressingGeometric geometricdescriptionandthe HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations equationforaconicsection.
Derivetheequationofacircleofgivencenterand radiususingthePythagoreanTheorem;completethe squaretofindthecenterandradiusofacirclegiven byanequation.
GGPE.1
Derivetheequationofaparabolagivenafocusand directrix.
GGPE.2
(+)Derivetheequationsofellipsesandhyperbolas giventhefoci,usingthefactthatthesumor differenceofdistancesfromthefociisconstant.
GGPE.3
Usecoordinatestoprovesimple ExpressingGeometric geometrictheorems Usecoordinatestoprovesimplegeometrictheorems HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations algebraically. algebraically.
GGPE.4
Geometry&Measurement
14of26
AppendixF
Connections Provetheslopecriteriaforparallelandperpendicular Usecoordinatestoprovesimple linesandusethemtosolvegeometricproblems(e.g., ExpressingGeometric geometrictheorems findtheequationofalineparallelorperpendicular HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations algebraically. toagivenlinethatpassesthroughagivenpoint).
Comments
GGPE.5
Usecoordinatestoprovesimple Findthepointonadirectedlinesegmentbetween ExpressingGeometric geometrictheorems twogivenpointsthatpartitionsthesegmentina HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations algebraically. givenratio.
GGPE.6
Usecoordinatestoprovesimple Usecoordinatestocomputeperimetersofpolygons ExpressingGeometric geometrictheorems andareasoftrianglesandrectangles,e.g.,usingthe HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations algebraically. distanceformula.
GGPE.7
Geometric Measurementand HighSchoolGeometry Dimension
Explainvolumeformulasand usethemtosolveproblems.
Giveaninformalargumentfortheformulasforthe circumferenceofacircle,areaofacircle,volumeofa cylinder,pyramid,andcone.Usedissection arguments,Cavalierisprinciple,andinformallimit arguments.
GGMD.1
PSAT/NMSQTalignstothe conceptswithinthe standardbutdoesnot requireconstructionofan Geometry&Measurement informalargument. Reasoning PSAT/NMSQTalignstothe conceptswithinthe standardbutdoesnot requireconstructionofan Geometry&Measurement informalargument. Reasoning
Geometric Measurementand HighSchoolGeometry Dimension Geometric Measurementand HighSchoolGeometry Dimension
(+)GiveaninformalargumentusingCavalieris principlefortheformulasforthevolumeofasphere andothersolidfigures.
GGMD.2
Usevolumeformulasforcylinders,pyramids,cones, andspherestosolveproblems.
GGMD.3
Identifytheshapesoftwodimensional Visualizerelationshipsbetween crosssectionsofthreedimensionalobjects,and identifythreedimensionalobjectsgeneratedby twodimensionalandthree rotationsoftwodimensionalobjects. dimensionalobjects.
GGMD.4
Modelingwith HighSchoolGeometry Geometry
Applygeometricconceptsin modelingsituations.
Usegeometricshapes,theirmeasures,andtheir propertiestodescribeobjects(e.g.,modelingatree trunkorahumantorsoasacylinder). Applyconceptsofdensitybasedonareaandvolume inmodelingsituations(e.g.,personspersquaremile, BTUspercubicfoot).
GMG.1
GMG.2
15of26
AppendixF
Applygeometricmethodstosolvedesignproblems (e.g.,designinganobjectorstructuretosatisfy physicalconstraintsorminimizecost;workingwith typographicgridsystemsbasedonratios).
Skill
Code
Comments
GMG.3
Interpreting HighSchoolStatistics Categoricaland andProbability QuantitativeData
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasinglecount Representdatawithplotsontherealnumberline ormeasurementvariable. (dotplots,histograms,andboxplots).
SID.1
Data,Statistics& Probability Representation
Usestatisticsappropriatetotheshapeofthedata distributiontocomparecenter(median,mean)and Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasinglecount spread(interquartilerange,standarddeviation)of twoormoredifferentdatasets. ormeasurementvariable. Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasinglecount Interpretdifferencesinshape,center,andspreadin thecontextofthedatasets,accountingforpossible or measurementvariable. effectsofextremedatapoints(outliers).
SID.2
Data,Statistics& Probability Reasoning
SID.3
Usethemeanandstandarddeviationofadatasetto fitittoanormaldistributionandtoestimate populationpercentages.Recognizethatthereare datasetsforwhichsuchaprocedureisnot Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasinglecount appropriate.Usecalculators,spreadsheets,and tablestoestimateareasunderthenormalcurve. ormeasurementvariable.
SID.4
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo categoricalandquantitative variables.
Summarizecategoricaldatafortwocategoriesintwo wayfrequencytables.Interpretrelativefrequencies inthecontextofthedata(includingjoint,marginal, andconditionalrelativefrequencies).Recognize possibleassociationsandtrendsinthedata.
SID.5 Fitafunctiontothedata;usefunctionsfittedtodata tosolveproblemsinthecontextofthedata.Use givenfunctionsorchooseafunctionsuggestedbythe context.Emphasizelinear,quadratic,andexponential models. SID.6a
Data,Statistics& Probability Communication
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo categoricaland quantitativevariables. Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo categoricaland quantitativevariables.
Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare related.
Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare related.
Informallyassessthefitofafunctionbyplottingand analyzingresiduals. SID.6b
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AppendixF
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo categoricaland quantitativevariables.
Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare related. Interprettheslope(rateofchange)andtheintercept (constantterm)ofalinearmodelinthecontextof thedata.
Skill
Fitalinearfunctionforascatterplotthatsuggestsa linearassociation.
Code
Comments
Interpreting HighSchoolStatistics Categoricaland andProbability QuantitativeData Interpreting HighSchoolStatistics Categoricaland andProbability QuantitativeData Interpreting HighSchoolStatistics Categoricaland andProbability QuantitativeData Interpreting HighSchoolStatistics Categoricaland andProbability QuantitativeData
SID.6c
Interpretlinearmodels.
SID.7
Compute(usingtechnology)andinterpretthe correlationcoefficientofalinearfit.
SID.8 Data,Statistics& Probability Reasoning
Distinguishbetweencorrelationandcausation.
SID.9
Understandandevaluate HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand randomprocessesunderlying andProbability JustifyingConclusions statisticalexperiments.
Understandstatisticsasaprocessformaking inferencesaboutpopulationparametersbasedona randomsamplefromthatpopulation.
SIC.1
Understandandevaluate HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand randomprocessesunderlying andProbability JustifyingConclusions statisticalexperiments.
Decideifaspecifiedmodelisconsistentwithresults fromagivendatageneratingprocess,e.g.,using simulation.Forexample,amodelsaysaspinningcoin fallsheadsupwithprobability0.5.Wouldaresultof 5tailsinarowcauseyoutoquestionthemodel?
SIC.2
Makeinferencesandjustify conclusionsfromsample HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand surveys,experiments,and andProbability JustifyingConclusions observationalstudies.
Recognizethepurposesofanddifferencesamong samplesurveys,experiments,andobservational studies;explainhowrandomizationrelatestoeach.
SIC.3
Usedatafromasamplesurveytoestimatea populationmeanorproportion;developamarginof errorthroughtheuseofsimulationmodelsfor randomsampling.
SIC.4
Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving
Usedatafromarandomizedexperimenttocompare twotreatments;usesimulationstodecideif differencesbetweenparametersaresignificant.
SIC.5
Evaluatereportsbasedondata.
SIC.6
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AppendixF
Describeeventsassubsetsofasamplespace(theset ConditionalProbability Understandindependenceand ofoutcomes)usingcharacteristics(orcategories)of HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof conditionalprobabilityanduse theoutcomes,orasunions,intersections,or andProbability Probability themtointerpretdata. complementsofotherevents(or,and,not). UnderstandthattwoeventsAandBare independentiftheprobabilityofAandBoccurring ConditionalProbability Understandindependenceand togetheristheproductoftheirprobabilities,anduse HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof conditionalprobabilityanduse thischaracterizationtodetermineiftheyare andProbability independent. Probability themtointerpretdata.
SCP.1
SCP.2
UnderstandtheconditionalprobabilityofAgivenB asP(AandB)/P(B),andinterpretindependenceofA andBassayingthattheconditionalprobabilityofA ConditionalProbability Understandindependenceand givenBisthesameastheprobabilityofA,andthe HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof conditionalprobabilityanduse conditionalprobabilityofBgivenAisthesameas andProbability theprobabilityofB. Probability themtointerpretdata.
SCP.3
Constructandinterprettwowayfrequencytablesof datawhentwocategoriesareassociatedwitheach ConditionalProbability Understandindependenceand objectbeingclassified.Usethetwowaytableasa conditionalprobabilityanduse samplespacetodecideifeventsareindependent HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof Probability themtointerpretdata. andProbability andtoapproximateconditionalprobabilities.
SCP.4
ConditionalProbability Understandindependenceand Recognizeandexplaintheconceptsofconditional HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof conditionalprobabilityanduse probabilityandindependenceineverydaylanguage andProbability Probability themtointerpretdata. andeverydaysituations. Usetherulesofprobabilityto ConditionalProbability computeprobabilitiesof FindtheconditionalprobabilityofAgivenBasthe compoundeventsinauniform fractionofBsoutcomesthatalsobelongtoA,and HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof Probability probabilitymodel. interprettheanswerintermsofthemodel. andProbability Usetherulesofprobabilityto ConditionalProbability computeprobabilitiesof ApplytheAdditionRule,P(AorB)=P(A)+P(B)P(A HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsinauniform andB),andinterprettheanswerintermsofthe andProbability model. Probability probabilitymodel. Usetherulesofprobabilityto ConditionalProbability computeprobabilitiesof HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsinauniform andProbability Probability probabilitymodel. (+)ApplythegeneralMultiplicationRuleinauniform probabilitymodel,P(AandB)=P(A)P(B|A)= P(B)P(A|B),andinterprettheanswerintermsofthe model.
SCP.5
Data,Statistics& Probability Connections
SCP.6
SCP.7
SCP.8
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AppendixF
Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving (+)Definearandomvariableforaquantityof interestbyassigninganumericalvaluetoeachevent inasamplespace;graphthecorresponding probabilitydistributionusingthesamegraphical displaysasfordatadistributions. (+)Calculatetheexpectedvalueofarandom variable;interpretitasthemeanoftheprobability distribution. (+)Developaprobabilitydistributionforarandom variabledefinedforasamplespaceinwhich theoreticalprobabilitiescanbecalculated;findthe expectedvalue. (+)Developaprobabilitydistributionforarandom variabledefinedforasamplespaceinwhich probabilitiesareassignedempirically;findthe expectedvalue.
Comments
Usetherulesofprobabilityto ConditionalProbability computeprobabilitiesof (+)Usepermutationsandcombinationstocompute HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsinauniform probabilitiesofcompoundeventsandsolve andProbability Probability probabilitymodel. problems.
SCP.9
HighSchoolStatistics UsingProbabilityto MakeDecisions andProbability
Calculateexpectedvaluesand usethemtosolveproblems.
SMD.1
HighSchoolStatistics UsingProbabilityto andProbability MakeDecisions
SMD.2
SMD.3
SMD.4
Useprobabilitytoevaluate outcomesofdecisions.
(+)Weighthepossibleoutcomesofadecisionby assigningprobabilitiestopayoffvaluesandfinding expectedvalues.
Findtheexpectedpayoffforagameofchance.For example,findtheexpectedwinningsfromastate lotteryticketoragameatafastfoodrestaurant.
SMD.5a
HighSchoolStatistics UsingProbabilityto MakeDecisions andProbability
(+)Weighthepossibleoutcomesofadecisionby assigningprobabilitiestopayoffvaluesandfinding expectedvalues.
Evaluateandcomparestrategiesonthebasisof expectedvalues.Forexample,compareahigh deductibleversusalowdeductibleautomobile insurancepolicyusingvarious,butreasonable, chancesofhavingaminororamajoraccident.
SMD.5b
(+)Useprobabilitiestomakefairdecisions(e.g., drawingbylots,usingarandomnumbergenerator).
SMD.6
(+)Analyzedecisionsandstrategiesusingprobability concepts(e.g.,producttesting,medicaltesting, pullingahockeygoalieattheendofagame).
SMD.7
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AppendixF
K12
Makesenseofproblemsandpersevereinsolving them.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsstartbyexplaining tothemselvesthemeaningofaproblemandlooking forentrypointstoitssolution.Theyanalyzegivens, constraints,relationships,andgoals.Theymake conjecturesabouttheformandmeaningofthe solutionandplanasolutionpathwayratherthan simplyjumpingintoasolutionattempt.Theyconsider analogousproblems,andtryspecialcasesandsimpler formsoftheoriginalprobleminordertogaininsight intoitssolution.Theymonitorandevaluatetheir progressandchangecourseifnecessary.Older studentsmight,dependingonthecontextofthe problem,transformalgebraicexpressionsorchange theviewingwindowontheirgraphingcalculatorto gettheinformationtheyneed.Mathematically proficientstudentscanexplaincorrespondences betweenequations,verbaldescriptions,tables,and graphsordrawdiagramsofimportantfeaturesand relationships,graphdata,andsearchforregularityor trends.Youngerstudentsmightrelyonusingconcrete objectsorpicturestohelpconceptualizeandsolvea problem.Mathematicallyproficientstudentscheck theiranswerstoproblemsusingadifferentmethod, andtheycontinuallyaskthemselves,Doesthismake sense?Theycanunderstandtheapproachesof otherstosolvingcomplexproblemsandidentify correspondencesbetweendifferentapproaches. MP.1
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning Connections Communication
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AppendixF
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsmakesenseof quantitiesandtheirrelationshipsinproblem situations.Theybringtwocomplementaryabilitiesto bearonproblemsinvolvingquantitativerelationships: theabilitytodecontextualizetoabstractagiven situationandrepresentitsymbolicallyandmanipulate therepresentingsymbolsasiftheyhavealifeoftheir own,withoutnecessarilyattendingtotheir referentsandtheabilitytocontextualize,topause asneededduringthemanipulationprocessinorderto probeintothereferentsforthesymbolsinvolved. Quantitativereasoningentailshabitsofcreatinga coherentrepresentationoftheproblemathand; consideringtheunitsinvolved;attendingtothe meaningofquantities,notjusthowtocomputethem; andknowingandflexiblyusingdifferentpropertiesof operationsandobjects. MP.2
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning
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AppendixF
Constructviableargumentsandcritiquethe reasoningofothers.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsunderstandand usestatedassumptions,definitions,andpreviously establishedresultsinconstructingarguments.They makeconjecturesandbuildalogicalprogressionof statementstoexplorethetruthoftheirconjectures. Theyareabletoanalyzesituationsbybreakingthem intocases,andcanrecognizeanduse counterexamples.Theyjustifytheirconclusions, communicatethemtoothers,andrespondtothe argumentsofothers.Theyreasoninductivelyabout data,makingplausibleargumentsthattakeinto accountthecontextfromwhichthedataarose. Mathematicallyproficientstudentsarealsoableto comparetheeffectivenessoftwoplausible arguments,distinguishcorrectlogicorreasoningfrom thatwhichisflawed,andifthereisaflawinan argumentexplainwhatitis.Elementarystudents canconstructargumentsusingconcretereferents suchasobjects,drawings,diagrams,andactions.Such argumentscanmakesenseandbecorrect,even thoughtheyarenotgeneralizedormadeformaluntil latergrades.Later,studentslearntodetermine domainstowhichanargumentapplies.Studentsatall gradescanlistenorreadtheargumentsofothers, decidewhethertheymakesense,andaskuseful questionstoclarifyorimprovethearguments. MP.3
Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability Reasoning Communication
22of26
AppendixF
Mathematicallyproficientstudentscanapplythe mathematicstheyknowtosolveproblemsarisingin everydaylife,society,andtheworkplace.Inearly grades,thismightbeassimpleaswritinganaddition equationtodescribeasituation.Inmiddlegrades,a studentmightapplyproportionalreasoningtoplana schooleventoranalyzeaprobleminthecommunity. Byhighschool,astudentmightusegeometrytosolve adesignproblemoruseafunctiontodescribehow onequantityofinterestdependsonanother. Mathematicallyproficientstudentswhocanapply whattheyknowarecomfortablemakingassumptions andapproximationstosimplifyacomplicated situation,realizingthatthesemayneedrevisionlater. Theyareabletoidentifyimportantquantitiesina practicalsituationandmaptheirrelationshipsusing suchtoolsasdiagrams,twowaytables,graphs, flowchartsandformulas.Theycananalyzethose relationshipsmathematicallytodrawconclusions. Theyroutinelyinterprettheirmathematicalresultsin thecontextofthesituationandreflectonwhether theresultsmakesense,possiblyimprovingthemodel ifithasnotserveditspurpose. MP.4
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Connections Communication
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AppendixF
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsconsiderthe availabletoolswhensolvingamathematicalproblem. Thesetoolsmightincludepencilandpaper,concrete models,aruler,aprotractor,acalculator,a spreadsheet,acomputeralgebrasystem,astatistical package,ordynamicgeometrysoftware.Proficient studentsaresufficientlyfamiliarwithtools appropriatefortheirgradeorcoursetomakesound decisionsaboutwheneachofthesetoolsmightbe helpful,recognizingboththeinsighttobegainedand theirlimitations.Forexample,mathematically proficienthighschoolstudentsanalyzegraphsof functionsandsolutionsgeneratedusingagraphing calculator.Theydetectpossibleerrorsbystrategically usingestimationandothermathematicalknowledge. Whenmakingmathematicalmodels,theyknowthat technologycanenablethemtovisualizetheresultsof varyingassumptions,exploreconsequences,and comparepredictionswithdata.Mathematically proficientstudentsatvariousgradelevelsareableto identifyrelevantexternalmathematicalresources, suchasdigitalcontentlocatedonawebsite,anduse themtoposeorsolveproblems.Theyareabletouse technologicaltoolstoexploreanddeepentheir understandingofconcepts. MP.5
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Connections
24of26
AppendixF
Attendtoprecision.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentstryto communicatepreciselytoothers.Theytrytouseclear definitionsindiscussionwithothersandintheirown reasoning.Theystatethemeaningofthesymbols theychoose,includingusingtheequalsign consistentlyandappropriately.Theyarecarefulabout specifyingunitsofmeasure,andlabelingaxesto clarifythecorrespondencewithquantitiesina problem.Theycalculateaccuratelyandefficiently, expressnumericalanswerswithadegreeofprecision appropriatefortheproblemcontext.Inthe elementarygrades,studentsgivecarefullyformulated explanationstoeachother.Bythetimetheyreach highschooltheyhavelearnedtoexamineclaimsand makeexplicituseofdefinitions. MP.6
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Communication
Mathematicallyproficientstudentslookcloselyto discernapatternorstructure.Youngstudents,for example,mightnoticethatthreeandsevenmoreis thesameamountassevenandthreemore,orthey maysortacollectionofshapesaccordingtohow manysidestheshapeshave.Later,studentswillsee7 8equalsthewellremembered75+73,in preparationforlearningaboutthedistributive property.Intheexpressionx 2+9x +14,older studentscanseethe14as27andthe9as2+7. Theyrecognizethesignificanceofanexistinglineina geometricfigureandcanusethestrategyofdrawing anauxiliarylineforsolvingproblems.Theyalsocan stepbackforanoverviewandshiftperspective.They canseecomplicatedthings,suchassomealgebraic expressions,assingleobjectsorasbeingcomposedof severalobjects.Forexample,theycansee53(x y )2as5minusapositivenumbertimesasquareand usethattorealizethatitsvaluecannotbemorethan 5foranyrealnumbersx andy . MP.7
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving
25of26
AppendixF
Representation Connections
Comments
Lookforandexpressregularityinrepeated reasoning.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsnoticeif calculationsarerepeated,andlookbothforgeneral methodsandforshortcuts.Upperelementary studentsmightnoticewhendividing25by11that theyarerepeatingthesamecalculationsoverand overagain,andconcludetheyhavearepeating decimal.Bypayingattentiontothecalculationof slopeastheyrepeatedlycheckwhetherpointsareon thelinethrough(1,2)withslope3,middleschool studentsmightabstracttheequation(y 2)/(x 1)= 3.Noticingtheregularityinthewaytermscancel whenexpanding(x 1)(x +1),(x 1)(x 2+x +1), and(x 1)(x 3+x 2+x +1)mightleadthemtothe generalformulaforthesumofageometricseries.As theyworktosolveaproblem,mathematically proficientstudentsmaintainoversightoftheprocess, whileattendingtothedetails.Theycontinually evaluatethereasonablenessoftheirintermediate results. MP.8
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry&Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning Connections Communication
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AppendixF
Appendix G
SAT Math Side-by-Side Alignment Table
MathematicsSideBySideAlignmentTables: SATCommonCoreStateStandards
Extendthepropertiesof exponentstorational exponents. Extendthepropertiesof exponentstorational exponents.
Explainhowthedefinitionofthemeaningofrational exponentsfollowsfromextendingthepropertiesof integerexponentstothosevalues,allowingfora notationforradicalsintermsofrationalexponents.
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
NRN.1
Rewriteexpressionsinvolvingradicalsandrational exponentsusingthepropertiesofexponents.
NRN.2
Usepropertiesofrational andirrationalnumbers.
Explainwhythesumorproductoftworational numbersisrational;thatthesumofarational numberandanirrationalnumberisirrational;and thattheproductofanonzerorationalnumberand anirrationalnumberisirrational.
NRN.3
Quantities*
Useunitsasawaytounderstandproblemsandto guidethesolutionofmultistepproblems;choose andinterpretunitsconsistentlyinformulas;choose Reasonquantitativelyand andinterpretthescaleandtheoriginingraphsand useunitstosolveproblems. datadisplays.
NQ.1
Quantities*
Reasonquantitativelyand Defineappropriatequantitiesforthepurposeof useunitstosolveproblems. descriptivemodeling.
NQ.2
Quantities*
Reasonquantitativelyand Choosealevelofaccuracyappropriatetolimitations useunitstosolveproblems. onmeasurementwhenreportingquantities. Knowthereisacomplexnumberi suchthat i 2=1,andeverycomplexnumberhastheforma+ bi witha andb real. Usetherelationi 2=1andthecommutative, associative,anddistributivepropertiestoadd, subtract,andmultiplycomplexnumbers. (+)Findtheconjugateofacomplexnumber;use conjugatestofindmoduliandquotientsofcomplex numbers. (+)Representcomplexnumbersonthecomplex planeinrectangularandpolarform(includingreal andimaginarynumbers),andexplainwhythe rectangularandpolarformsofagivencomplex numberrepresentthesamenumber.
NQ.3
TheComplexNumber System
Performarithmetic operationswithcomplex numbers. Performarithmetic operationswithcomplex numbers. Performarithmetic operationswithcomplex numbers.
NCN.1
TheComplexNumber System TheComplexNumber System
NCN.2
NCN.3
Representcomplex numbersandtheir operationsonthecomplex plane.
NCN.4
1of26
AppendixG
Representcomplex numbersandtheir operationsonthecomplex plane. Representcomplex numbersandtheir operationsonthecomplex plane. Usecomplexnumbersin polynomialidentitiesand equations. Usecomplexnumbersin polynomialidentitiesand equations. Usecomplexnumbersin polynomialidentitiesand equations.
(+)Representaddition,subtraction,multiplication, andconjugationofcomplexnumbersgeometrically onthecomplexplane;usepropertiesofthis representationforcomputation. (+)Calculatethedistancebetweennumbersinthe complexplaneasthemodulusofthedifference,and themidpointofasegmentastheaverageofthe numbersatitsendpoints. Solvequadraticequationswithrealcoefficientsthat havecomplexsolutions. (+)Extendpolynomialidentitiestothecomplex numbers. (+)KnowtheFundamentalTheoremofAlgebra; showthatitistrueforquadraticpolynomials.
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
NCN.5
TheComplexNumber System TheComplexNumber System TheComplexNumber System TheComplexNumber System
NCN.6
TheSATdoesnot includecomplex solutions.
NCN.7
NCN.8
NCN.9
(+)Recognizevectorquantitiesashavingboth magnitudeanddirection.Representvector quantitiesbydirectedlinesegments,anduse Representandmodelwith appropriatesymbolsforvectorsandtheir magnitudes(e.g.,v ,|v |,||v ||,v ). vectorquantities. (+)Findthecomponentsofavectorbysubtracting Representandmodelwith thecoordinatesofaninitialpointfromthe coordinatesofaterminalpoint. vectorquantities. Representandmodelwith (+)Solveproblemsinvolvingvelocityandother vectorquantities. quantitiesthatcanberepresentedbyvectors.
NVM.1
NVM.2
NVM.3
Performoperationson vectors. Performoperationson vectors.
(+)Addandsubtractvectors.
Addvectorsendtoend,componentwise,andbythe parallelogramrule.Understandthatthemagnitudeofasum oftwovectorsistypicallynotthesumofthemagnitudes. NVM.4a Giventwovectorsinmagnitudeanddirectionform, determinethemagnitudeanddirectionoftheirsum.
NVM.4b
Performoperationson vectors.
Understandvectorsubtractionvw asv+(w) ,wherew istheadditiveinverseofw ,withthesamemagnitudeasw andpointingintheoppositedirection.Representvector subtractiongraphicallybyconnectingthetipsinthe appropriateorder,andperformvectorsubtraction componentwise. NVM.4c Representscalarmultiplicationgraphicallybyscalingvectors andpossiblyreversingtheirdirection;performscalar multiplicationcomponentwise,e.g.,as NVM.5a c(v x ,v y )=(cv x ,cv y ) .
(+)Multiplyavectorbyascalar.
2of26
AppendixG
Grade
Domain
Cluster
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
(+)Multiplyavectorbyascalar.
Computethemagnitudeofascalarmultiplecvusing||cv || =|c |v .Computethedirectionofcvknowingthatwhen |c |v 0,thedirectionofcv iseitheralongv (forc >0)or againstv (forc <0). NVM.5b
(+)Usematricestorepresentandmanipulatedata, Performoperationson matricesandusematricesin e.g.,torepresentpayoffsorincidencerelationships applications. inanetwork. Performoperationson (+)Multiplymatricesbyscalarstoproducenew matricesandusematricesin matrices,e.g.,aswhenallofthepayoffsinagame aredoubled. applications. Performoperationson matricesandusematricesin (+)Add,subtract,andmultiplymatricesof applications. appropriatedimensions. (+)Understandthat,unlikemultiplicationof numbers,matrixmultiplicationforsquarematricesis Performoperationson matricesandusematricesin notacommutativeoperation,butstillsatisfiesthe associativeanddistributiveproperties. applications. (+)Understandthatthezeroandidentitymatrices playaroleinmatrixadditionandmultiplication similartotheroleof0and1intherealnumbers.The Performoperationson matricesandusematricesin determinantofasquarematrixisnonzeroifandonly ifthematrixhasamultiplicativeinverse. applications. (+)Multiplyavector(regardedasamatrixwithone column)byamatrixofsuitabledimensionsto Performoperationson matricesandusematricesin produceanothervector.Workwithmatricesas applications. transformationsofvectors. Performoperationson (+)Workwith22matricesastransformationsof matricesandusematricesin theplane,andinterprettheabsolutevalueofthe determinantintermsofarea. applications. Interpretthestructureof Interpretexpressionsthatrepresentaquantityin expressions. termsofitscontext. Interpretthestructureof expressions. Interpretthestructureof expressions. Interpretexpressionsthatrepresentaquantityin termsofitscontext. Usethestructureofanexpressiontoidentifyways torewriteit.
NVM.6
NVM.7
NVM.8
NVM.9
NVM.10
NVM.11
HighSchoolNumber andQuantity HighSchoolAlgebra
VectorandMatrix Quantities SeeingStructurein Expressions SeeingStructurein Expressions SeeingStructurein Expressions
NVM.12 Interpretpartsofanexpression,suchasterms,factors,and coefficients. ASSE.1a Interpretcomplicatedexpressionsbyviewingoneormore oftheirpartsasasingleentity. ASSE.1b
HighSchoolAlgebra
HighSchoolAlgebra
ASSE.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
Writeexpressionsin equivalentformstosolve problems.
Chooseandproduceanequivalentformofan expressiontorevealandexplainpropertiesofthe quantityrepresentedbytheexpression.
Factoraquadraticexpressiontorevealthezerosofthe functionitdefines.
ASSE.3a
Algebra&Functions
3of26
AppendixG
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code AlignedSATSkill
Representation Writeexpressionsin equivalentformstosolve problems. Chooseandproduceanequivalentformofan expressiontorevealandexplainpropertiesofthe quantityrepresentedbytheexpression.
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Completethesquareinaquadraticexpressiontorevealthe ASSE.3b maximumorminimumvalueofthefunctionitdefines.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Chooseandproduceanequivalentformofan expressiontorevealandexplainpropertiesofthe quantityrepresentedbytheexpression.
Usethepropertiesofexponentstotransformexpressions forexponentialfunctions.
ASSE.3c
HighSchoolAlgebra
Derivetheformulaforthesumofafinitegeometric series(whenthecommonratioisnot1),andusethe formulatosolveproblems.
ASSE.4
TheSATalignstouseof theformulatosolve problems.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Understandthatpolynomialsformasystem analogoustotheintegers,namely,theyareclosed undertheoperationsofaddition,subtraction,and Performarithmetic multiplication;add,subtract,andmultiply operationsonpolynomials. polynomials.
AAPR.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
KnowandapplytheRemainderTheorem:Fora Understandtherelationship polynomialp(x) andanumbera ,theremainderon betweenzerosandfactors divisionbyxaisp(a) ,sop(a) =0ifandonlyif(x ofpolynomials. a) isafactorofp(x). Identifyzerosofpolynomialswhensuitable Understandtherelationship factorizationsareavailable,andusethezerosto betweenzerosandfactors constructaroughgraphofthefunctiondefinedby ofpolynomials. thepolynomial.
AAPR.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
Arithmeticwith Polynomialsand RationalExpressions Arithmeticwith Polynomialsand RationalExpressions
AAPR.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
Usepolynomialidentitiesto Provepolynomialidentitiesandusethemtodescribe solveproblems. numericalrelationships. (+)KnowandapplytheBinomialTheoremforthe expansionof(x+y)n inpowersofx andy fora positiveintegern ,wherex andy areanynumbers, Usepolynomialidentitiesto withcoefficientsdeterminedforexamplebyPascals Triangle. solveproblems.
AAPR.4
HighSchoolAlgebra
AAPR.5
HighSchoolAlgebra
Rewriterational expressions.
Rewritesimplerationalexpressionsindifferent forms;writea(x)/b(x) intheformq(x)+r(x)/b(x) , wherea(x),b(x),q(x) ,andr(x) arepolynomialswith thedegreeofr(x) lessthanthedegreeofb(x) ,using inspection,longdivision,or,forthemore complicatedexamples,acomputeralgebrasystem.
AAPR.6
Algebra&Functions
4of26
AppendixG
Representation
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Rewriterational expressions.
(+)Understandthatrationalexpressionsforma systemanalogoustotherationalnumbers,closed underaddition,subtraction,multiplication,and divisionbyanonzerorationalexpression;add, subtract,multiply,anddividerationalexpressions.
AAPR.7
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Createequationsthat describenumbersor relationships.
Createequationsandinequalitiesinonevariableand usethemtosolveproblems.Includeequations arisingfromlinearandquadraticfunctions,and simplerationalandexponentialfunctions.
ACED.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Createequationsthat describenumbersor relationships.
Createequationsintwoormorevariablesto representrelationshipsbetweenquantities;graph equationsoncoordinateaxeswithlabelsandscales.
ACED.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
Createequationsthat describenumbersor relationships. Createequationsthat describenumbersor relationships.
Representconstraintsbyequationsorinequalities, andbysystemsofequationsand/orinequalities,and interpretsolutionsasviableornonviableoptionsina modelingcontext. Rearrangeformulastohighlightaquantityof interest,usingthesamereasoningasinsolving equations.
ACED.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
CreatingEquations*
ACED.4
HighSchoolAlgebra
Understandsolving equationsasaprocessof reasoningandexplainthe reasoning. Understandsolving equationsasaprocessof reasoningandexplainthe reasoning.
Explaineachstepinsolvingasimpleequationas followingfromtheequalityofnumbersassertedat thepreviousstep,startingfromtheassumptionthat theoriginalequationhasasolution.Constructa viableargumenttojustifyasolutionmethod.
AREI.1
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solvesimplerationalandradicalequationsinone variable,andgiveexamplesshowinghowextraneous solutionsmayarise.
AREI.2
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solvelinearequationsandinequalitiesinone variable,includingequationswithcoefficients Solveequationsand inequalitiesinonevariable. representedbyletters.
AREI.3
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solveequationsand inequalitiesinonevariable. Solvequadraticequationsinonevariable.
Usethemethodofcompletingthesquaretotransformany quadraticequationinx intoanequationoftheform(x p) 2=q thathasthesamesolutions.Derivethequadratic formulafromthisform. AREI.4a
Algebra&Functions
5of26
AppendixG
ProblemSolving Solvequadraticequationsbyinspection(e.g.,for x 2=49),takingsquareroots,completingthesquare,the quadraticformulaandfactoring,asappropriatetotheinitial formoftheequation.Recognizewhenthequadratic formulagivescomplexsolutionsandwritethemasabi forrealnumbersa andb . AREI.4b
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solveequationsand inequalitiesinonevariable. Solvequadraticequationsinonevariable.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Provethat,givenasystemoftwoequationsintwo variables,replacingoneequationbythesumofthat equationandamultipleoftheotherproducesa Solvesystemsofequations. systemwiththesamesolutions.
AREI.5
TheSATalignstouseof theembeddedskillto solveproblems.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Solvesystemsoflinearequationsexactlyand approximately(e.g.,withgraphs),focusingonpairs Solvesystemsofequations. oflinearequationsintwovariables. Solveasimplesystemconsistingofalinearequation andaquadraticequationintwovariables Solvesystemsofequations. algebraicallyandgraphically.
AREI.6
HighSchoolAlgebra
AREI.7
Algebra&Functions ProblemSolving TheSATdoesnot requirethatstudents representsystemsin matrixformexclusively.
HighSchoolAlgebra
Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities Reasoningwith Equationsand Inequalities
(+)Representasystemoflinearequationsasasingle Solvesystemsofequations. matrixequationinavectorvariable. (+)Findtheinverseofamatrixifitexistsanduseit tosolvesystemsoflinearequations(using technologyformatricesofdimension33or Solvesystemsofequations. greater). Representandsolve equationsandinequalities graphically. Understandthatthegraphofanequationintwo variablesisthesetofallitssolutionsplottedinthe coordinateplane,oftenformingacurve(whichcould bealine).
AREI.8
HighSchoolAlgebra
AREI.9
HighSchoolAlgebra
AREI.10
HighSchoolAlgebra
Representandsolve equationsandinequalities graphically.
Explainwhythexcoordinatesofthepointswhere thegraphsoftheequationsy=f(x) andy=g(x) intersectarethesolutionsoftheequation f(x)=g(x); findthesolutionsapproximately,e.g., usingtechnologytographthefunctions,maketables ofvalues,orfindsuccessiveapproximations.Include caseswheref(x) and/org(x) arelinear,polynomial, rational,absolutevalue,exponential,andlogarithmic functions.
AREI.11
Studentsareexpected tobeabletoidentify pointsofintersectionas thesolutionontheSAT. Theymayusegraphing calculatorstodetermine theanswers.
6of26
AppendixG
Graphthesolutionstoalinearinequalityintwo variablesasahalfplane(excludingtheboundaryin thecaseofastrictinequality),andgraphthesolution settoasystemoflinearinequalitiesintwovariables astheintersectionofthecorrespondinghalfplanes.
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
HighSchoolAlgebra
Representandsolve equationsandinequalities graphically.
AREI.12
HighSchoolFunctions InterpretingFunctions
Understandthatafunctionfromoneset(calledthe domain)toanotherset(calledtherange)assignsto eachelementofthedomainexactlyoneelementof therange.Iff isafunctionandx isanelementofits Understandtheconceptofa domain,thenf(x) denotestheoutputoff functionandusefunction correspondingtotheinputx .Thegraphoffisthe notation. graphoftheequationy=f(x) .
FIF.1
Understandtheconceptofa Usefunctionnotation,evaluatefunctionsforinputs functionandusefunction intheirdomains,andinterpretstatementsthatuse notation. functionnotationintermsofacontext.
FIF.2
Understandtheconceptofa Recognizethatsequencesarefunctions,sometimes functionandusefunction definedrecursively,whosedomainisasubsetofthe integers. notation.
FIF.3
Forafunctionthatmodelsarelationshipbetween twoquantities,interpretkeyfeaturesofgraphsand tablesintermsofthequantities,andsketchgraphs showingkeyfeaturesgivenaverbaldescriptionof therelationship.Keyfeaturesinclude:intercepts; intervalswherethefunctionisincreasing, Interpretfunctionsthat decreasing,positive,ornegative;relativemaximums ariseinapplicationsinterms andminimums;symmetries;endbehavior;and ofthecontext. periodicity. Interpretfunctionsthat Relatethedomainofafunctiontoitsgraphand, ariseinapplicationsinterms whereapplicable,tothequantitativerelationshipit describes. ofthecontext. Calculateandinterprettheaveragerateofchangeof Interpretfunctionsthat afunction(presentedsymbolicallyorasatable)over ariseinapplicationsinterms aspecifiedinterval.Estimatetherateofchangefrom ofthecontext. agraph.
FIF.4
FIF.5
FIF.6
Analyzefunctionsusing differentrepresentations.
Graphlinearandquadraticfunctionsandshowintercepts, maxima,andminima. FIF.7a
Algebra&Functions
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AppendixG
Representation Graphfunctionsexpressedsymbolicallyandshow keyfeaturesofthegraph,byhandinsimplecases andusingtechnologyformorecomplicatedcases. Graphsquareroot,cuberoot,andpiecewisedefined functions,includingstepfunctionsandabsolutevalue functions.
Comments
FIF.7b
Graphpolynomialfunctions,identifyingzeroswhensuitable factorizationsareavailable,andshowingendbehavior. FIF.7c
(+)Graphrationalfunctions,identifyingzerosand asymptoteswhensuitablefactorizationsareavailable,and showingendbehavior. FIF.7d
Graphexponentialandlogarithmicfunctions,showing interceptsandendbehavior,andtrigonometricfunctions, showingperiod,midline,andamplitude.
FIF.7e
Usetheprocessoffactoringandcompletingthesquareina Writeafunctiondefinedbyanexpressionin quadraticfunctiontoshowzeros,extremevalues,and differentbutequivalentformstorevealandexplain symmetryofthegraph,andinterprettheseintermsofa context. FIF.8a differentpropertiesofthefunction. Writeafunctiondefinedbyanexpressionin differentbutequivalentformstorevealandexplain Usethepropertiesofexponentstointerpretexpressionsfor differentpropertiesofthefunction. exponentialfunctions. FIF.8b Comparepropertiesoftwofunctionseach representedinadifferentway(algebraically, graphically,numericallyintables,orbyverbal descriptions).
FIF.9
Buildafunctionthatmodels arelationshipbetweentwo Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship quantities. betweentwoquantities.
Determineanexplicitexpression,arecursiveprocess,or stepsforcalculationfromacontext.
FBF.1a
Buildafunctionthatmodels arelationshipbetweentwo Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship quantities. betweentwoquantities.
Combinestandardfunctiontypesusingarithmetic operations.
FBF.1b
Buildafunctionthatmodels arelationshipbetweentwo Writeafunctionthatdescribesarelationship quantities betweentwoquantities.
(+)Composefunctions.
FBF.1c
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AppendixG
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill Code AlignedSATSkill Comments
Writearithmeticandgeometricsequencesboth Buildafunctionthatmodels recursivelyandwithanexplicitformula,usethemto arelationshipbetweentwo modelsituations,andtranslatebetweenthetwo quantities. forms.
FBF.2
Identifytheeffectonthegraphofreplacingf(x) by f(x)+k,kf(x),f(kx) ,andf(x+k) forspecificvaluesof k (bothpositiveandnegative);findthevalueofk giventhegraphs.Experimentwithcasesand illustrateanexplanationoftheeffectsonthegraph usingtechnology.Includerecognizingevenandodd functionsfromtheirgraphsandalgebraic expressionsforthem.
FBF.3
Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions. Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions. Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions. Buildnewfunctionsfrom existingfunctions.
Solveanequationoftheformf(x)=c forasimplefunctionf thathasaninverseandwriteanexpressionfortheinverse. FBF.4a (+)Verifybycompositionthatonefunctionistheinverseof another. FBF.4b (+)Readvaluesofaninversefunctionfromagraphora table,giventhatthefunctionhasaninverse. (+)Produceaninvertiblefunctionfromanoninvertible functionbyrestrictingthedomain.
FBF.4c
Findinversefunctions. (+)Understandtheinverserelationshipbetween exponentsandlogarithmsandusethisrelationship tosolveproblemsinvolvinglogarithmsand exponents.
FBF.4d
FBF.5
Linear,Quadratic,and HighSchoolFunctions ExponentialModels*
Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems. Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems. Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems.
Provethatlinearfunctionsgrowbyequaldifferencesover Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled equalintervals,andthatexponentialfunctionsgrowby withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. equalfactorsoverequalintervals.
FLE.1a
Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled Recognizesituationsinwhichonequantitychangesata withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. constantrateperunitintervalrelativetoanother.
FLE.1b
Distinguishbetweensituationsthatcanbemodeled Recognizesituationsinwhichaquantitygrowsordecaysby withlinearfunctionsandwithexponentialfunctions. aconstantpercentrateperunitintervalrelativetoanother. FLE.1c
Algebra&Functions
9of26
AppendixG
Communication Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems. Constructlinearandexponentialfunctions,including arithmeticandgeometricsequences,givenagraph,a descriptionofarelationship,ortwoinputoutput pairs(includereadingthesefromatable).
Comments
FLE.2
Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems.
Observeusinggraphsandtablesthataquantity increasingexponentiallyeventuallyexceedsa quantityincreasinglinearly,quadratically,or(more generally)asapolynomialfunction.
FLE.3
Constructandcompare linear,quadratic,and exponentialmodelsand solveproblems. Interpretexpressionsfor functionsintermsofthe situationtheymodel.
Forexponentialmodels,expressasalogarithmthe solutiontoabct=d wherea,c, andd arenumbers andthebaseb is2,10,ore ;evaluatethelogarithm usingtechnology.
FLE.4
Interprettheparametersinalinearorexponential functionintermsofacontext.
FLE.5
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctions HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions usingtheunitcircle.
Understandradianmeasureofanangleasthelength ofthearcontheunitcirclesubtendedbytheangle. Explainhowtheunitcircleinthecoordinateplane enablestheextensionoftrigonometricfunctionsto allrealnumbers,interpretedasradianmeasuresof anglestraversedcounterclockwisearoundtheunit circle. (+)Usespecialtrianglestodeterminegeometrically thevaluesofsine,cosine,tangentfor/3,/4and /6,andusetheunitcircletoexpressthevaluesof sine,cosine,andtangentforx ,+x ,and2x in termsoftheirvaluesforx ,wherex isanyreal number. (+)Usetheunitcircletoexplainsymmetry(oddand even)andperiodicityoftrigonometricfunctions.
FTF.1
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctions HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions usingtheunitcircle.
FTF.2
Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctions HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions usingtheunitcircle. Extendthedomainof trigonometricfunctions HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions usingtheunitcircle.
FTF.3
FTF.4
Modelperiodicphenomena Choosetrigonometricfunctionstomodelperiodic withtrigonometric phenomenawithspecifiedamplitude,frequency,and HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions functions. midline. (+)Understandthatrestrictingatrigonometric Modelperiodicphenomena functiontoadomainonwhichitisalwaysincreasing withtrigonometric oralwaysdecreasingallowsitsinversetobe HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions functions. constructed.
FTF.5
FTF.6
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AppendixG
(+)Useinversefunctionstosolvetrigonometric Modelperiodicphenomena equationsthatariseinmodelingcontexts;evaluate withtrigonometric thesolutionsusingtechnology,andinterpretthemin HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions functions. termsofthecontext. Proveandapply HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions trigonometricidentities. Proveandapply HighSchoolFunctions TrigonometricFunctions trigonometricidentities. ProvethePythagoreanidentitysin2()+cos2()=1 anduseittocalculatetrigonometricratios. (+)Provetheadditionandsubtractionformulasfor sine,cosine,andtangentandusethemtosolve problems. Knowprecisedefinitionsofangle,circle, perpendicularline,parallelline,andlinesegment, basedontheundefinednotionsofpoint,line, distancealongaline,anddistancearoundacircular arc.
FTF.7
FTF.8
FTF.9
Experimentwith transformationsinthe plane.
GCO.1
Geometry& Measurement Communication
Experimentwith transformationsinthe plane. Experimentwith transformationsinthe plane.
Representtransformationsintheplaneusing,e.g., transparenciesandgeometrysoftware;describe transformationsasfunctionsthattakepointsinthe planeasinputsandgiveotherpointsasoutputs. Comparetransformationsthatpreservedistanceand angletothosethatdonot(e.g.,translationversus horizontalstretch). Givenarectangle,parallelogram,trapezoid,or regularpolygon,describetherotationsand reflectionsthatcarryitontoitself.
GCO.2
Geometry& Measurement Representation Geometry& Measurement Communication
GCO.3
Developdefinitionsofrotations,reflections,and translationsintermsofangles,circles,perpendicular lines,parallellines,andlinesegments.
GCO.4
Givenageometricfigureandarotation,reflection,or translation,drawthetransformedfigureusing,e.g., graphpaper,tracingpaper,orgeometrysoftware. Specifyasequenceoftransformationsthatwillcarry agivenfigureontoanother.
GCO.5
Geometry& Measurement ProblemSolving
Usegeometricdescriptionsofrigidmotionsto transformfiguresandtopredicttheeffectofagiven rigidmotiononagivenfigure;giventwofigures,use Understandcongruencein thedefinitionofcongruenceintermsofrigid termsofrigidmotions. motionstodecideiftheyarecongruent.
GCO.6
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AppendixG
Usethedefinitionofcongruenceintermsofrigid motionstoshowthattwotrianglesarecongruentif Understandcongruencein andonlyifcorrespondingpairsofsidesand termsofrigidmotions. correspondingpairsofanglesarecongruent.
GCO.7
Explainhowthecriteriafortrianglecongruence(ASA, Understandcongruencein SAS,andSSS)followfromthedefinitionof termsofrigidmotions. congruenceintermsofrigidmotions.
GCO.8
Provetheoremsaboutlinesandangles.Theorems include:verticalanglesarecongruent;whena transversalcrossesparallellines,alternateinterior anglesarecongruentandcorrespondinganglesare congruent;pointsonaperpendicularbisectorofa linesegmentareexactlythoseequidistantfromthe Provegeometrictheorems. segmentsendpoints.
GCO.9
Geometry& Measurement Reasoning
TheSATalignstouseof theconceptswithinthe prooftosolve problems.
Provetheoremsabouttriangles.Theoremsinclude: measuresofinterioranglesofatrianglesumto180; baseanglesofisoscelestrianglesarecongruent;the segmentjoiningmidpointsoftwosidesofatriangle isparalleltothethirdsideandhalfthelength;the Provegeometrictheorems. mediansofatrianglemeetatapoint. Provetheoremsaboutparallelograms.Theorems include:oppositesidesarecongruent,opposite anglesarecongruent,thediagonalsofa parallelogrambisecteachother,andconversely, rectanglesareparallelogramswithcongruent Provegeometrictheorems. diagonals.
GCO.10
GCO.11
Makegeometric constructions. Makegeometric constructions.
Makeformalgeometricconstructionswithavariety oftoolsandmethods(compassandstraightedge, string,reflectivedevices,paperfolding,dynamic geometricsoftware,etc.).Copyingasegment; copyinganangle;bisectingasegment;bisectingan angle;constructingperpendicularlines,includingthe perpendicularbisectorofalinesegment;and constructingalineparalleltoagivenlinethrougha pointnotontheline. Constructanequilateraltriangle,asquare,anda regularhexagoninscribedinacircle.
GCO.12
Geometry& Measurement Representation Geometry& Measurement Representation
GCO.13
12of26
AppendixG
Understandsimilarityin termsofsimilarity transformations. Understandsimilarityin termsofsimilarity transformations.
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
Adilationtakesalinenotpassingthroughthecenterofthe dilationtoaparallelline,andleavesalinepassingthrough GSRT.1a thecenterunchanged.
Thedilationofalinesegmentislongerorshorterinthe ratiogivenbythescalefactor.
GSRT.1b
Understandsimilarityin termsofsimilarity transformations. Understandsimilarityin termsofsimilarity transformations.
Giventwofigures,usethedefinitionofsimilarityin termsofsimilaritytransformationstodecideifthey aresimilar;explainusingsimilaritytransformations themeaningofsimilarityfortrianglesastheequality ofallcorrespondingpairsofanglesandthe proportionalityofallcorrespondingpairsofsides. Usethepropertiesofsimilaritytransformationsto establishtheAAcriterionfortwotrianglestobe similar.
GSRT.2
Geometry& Measurement Communication Geometry& Measurement Communication
GSRT.3
Provetheoremsabouttriangles.Theoremsinclude:a lineparalleltoonesideofatriangledividestheother twoproportionally,andconversely;thePythagorean Theoremprovedusingtrianglesimilarity. Usecongruenceandsimilaritycriteriafortrianglesto solveproblemsandtoproverelationshipsin geometricfigures.
GSRT.4
GSRT.5
Understandthatbysimilarity,sideratiosinright Definetrigonometricratios trianglesarepropertiesoftheanglesinthetriangle, leadingtodefinitionsoftrigonometricratiosfor andsolveproblems involvingrighttriangles. acuteangles.
GSRT.6
Definetrigonometricratios andsolveproblems Explainandusetherelationshipbetweenthesine andcosineofcomplementaryangles. involvingrighttriangles. Definetrigonometricratios andsolveproblems UsetrigonometricratiosandthePythagorean involvingrighttriangles. Theoremtosolverighttrianglesinappliedproblems.
GSRT.7
GSRT.8
Applytrigonometryto generaltriangles.
(+)DerivetheformulaA=1/2ab sin(C)forthearea ofatrianglebydrawinganauxiliarylinefroma vertexperpendiculartotheoppositeside.
GSRT.9
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AppendixG
(+)ProvetheLawsofSinesandCosinesandusethem tosolveproblems. (+)UnderstandandapplytheLawofSinesandthe LawofCosinestofindunknownmeasurementsin rightandnonrighttriangles(e.g.,surveying problems,resultantforces).
Skill
Code
GSRT.10
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
GSRT.11 TheSATalignstouseof theconceptswithinthe prooftosolve problems.
Understandandapply theoremsaboutcircles.
Provethatallcirclesaresimilar.
GC.1
Identifyanddescriberelationshipsamonginscribed angles,radii,andchords.Includetherelationship betweencentral,inscribed,andcircumscribed angles;inscribedanglesonadiameterareright angles;theradiusofacircleisperpendiculartothe tangentwheretheradiusintersectsthecircle.
GC.2
Geometry& Measurement Communication TheSATalignsto understandingofthe propertiesofanglesof thequadrilateral inscribedinacircle.
Constructtheinscribedandcircumscribedcirclesofa triangle,andprovepropertiesofanglesfora quadrilateralinscribedinacircle.
GC.3
Geometry& Measurement Representation
(+)Constructatangentlinefromapointoutsidea givencircletothecircle.
GC.4
TheSATalignsto understandingofthe propertiesofaline outsideacircletangent tothecircle.
Deriveusingsimilaritythefactthatthelengthofthe arcinterceptedbyanangleisproportionaltothe radius,anddefinetheradianmeasureoftheangleas Findarclengthsandareasof theconstantofproportionality;derivetheformula fortheareaofasector. sectorsofcircles.
GC.5
ExpressingGeometric HighSchoolGeometry PropertiesEquations
Translatebetweenthe geometricdescriptionand theequationforaconic section. Translatebetweenthe geometricdescriptionand theequationforaconic section.
Derivetheequationofacircleofgivencenterand radiususingthePythagoreanTheorem;completethe squaretofindthecenterandradiusofacirclegiven byanequation.
GGPE.1
Derivetheequationofaparabolagivenafocusand directrix.
GGPE.2
Geometry& Measurement
14of26
AppendixG
Translatebetweenthe geometricdescriptionand theequationforaconic section.
Skill
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Communication
Comments
(+)Derivetheequationsofellipsesandhyperbolas giventhefoci,usingthefactthatthesumor differenceofdistancesfromthefociisconstant.
GGPE.3
Usecoordinatestoprove simplegeometrictheorems Usecoordinatestoprovesimplegeometrictheorems algebraically. algebraically.
GGPE.4
Geometry& Measurement Connections
Provetheslopecriteriaforparallelandperpendicular Usecoordinatestoprove linesandusethemtosolvegeometricproblems(e.g., simplegeometrictheorems findtheequationofalineparallelorperpendicular toagivenlinethatpassesthroughagivenpoint). algebraically.
GGPE.5
Usecoordinatestoprove Findthepointonadirectedlinesegmentbetween simplegeometrictheorems twogivenpointsthatpartitionsthesegmentina givenratio. algebraically.
GGPE.6
Usecoordinatestoprove Usecoordinatestocomputeperimetersofpolygons simplegeometrictheorems andareasoftrianglesandrectangles,e.g.,usingthe algebraically. distanceformula.
GGPE.7
Explainvolumeformulas andusethemtosolve problems.
Giveaninformalargumentfortheformulasforthe circumferenceofacircle,areaofacircle,volumeofa cylinder,pyramid,andcone.Usedissection arguments,Cavalierisprinciple,andinformallimit arguments.
GGMD.1
TheSATalignstothe conceptswithinthe standardbutdoesnot requireconstructionof aninformalargument.
Geometric Measurementand HighSchoolGeometry Dimension Geometric Measurementand HighSchoolGeometry Dimension
Explainvolumeformulas andusethemtosolve problems. Explainvolumeformulas andusethemtosolve problems.
(+)GiveaninformalargumentusingCavalieris principlefortheformulasforthevolumeofasphere andothersolidfigures.
GGMD.2
TheSATalignstothe conceptswithinthe standardbutdoesnot requireconstructionof aninformalargument.
Usevolumeformulasforcylinders,pyramids,cones, andspherestosolveproblems.
GGMD.3
Visualizerelationships betweentwodimensional andthreedimensional objects.
Identifytheshapesoftwodimensionalcross sectionsofthreedimensionalobjects,andidentify threedimensionalobjectsgeneratedbyrotationsof twodimensionalobjects.
GGMD.4
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AppendixG
Geometry& Measurement Representation Modelingwith HighSchoolGeometry Geometry Applyconceptsofdensitybasedonareaandvolume Applygeometricconceptsin inmodelingsituations(e.g.,personspersquaremile, modelingsituations. BTUspercubicfoot). Geometry& Measurement Connections Applygeometricmethodstosolvedesignproblems (e.g.,designinganobjectorstructuretosatisfy Applygeometricconceptsin physicalconstraintsorminimizecost;workingwith modelingsituations. typographicgridsystemsbasedonratios).
Comments
Usegeometricshapes,theirmeasures,andtheir Applygeometricconceptsin propertiestodescribeobjects(e.g.,modelingatree modelingsituations. trunkorahumantorsoasacylinder).
GMG.1
GMG.2
GMG.3
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasingle HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical countormeasurement Representdatawithplotsontherealnumberline andProbability andQuantitativeData variable. (dotplots,histograms,andboxplots).
SID.1
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasingle HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical countormeasurement andProbability andQuantitativeData variable.
Usestatisticsappropriatetotheshapeofthedata distributiontocomparecenter(median,mean)and spread(interquartilerange,standarddeviation)of twoormoredifferentdatasets.
SID.2
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataonasingle Interpretdifferencesinshape,center,andspreadin HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical countor thecontextofthedatasets,accountingforpossible andProbability andQuantitativeData measurementvariable. effectsofextremedatapoints(outliers).
SID.3
Usethemeanandstandarddeviationofadatasetto fitittoanormaldistributionandtoestimate Summarize,represent,and populationpercentages.Recognizethatthereare interpretdataonasingle datasetsforwhichsuchaprocedureisnot appropriate.Usecalculators,spreadsheets,and HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical countormeasurement tablestoestimateareasunderthenormalcurve. andProbability andQuantitativeData variable.
SID.4
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical categoricaland andProbability andQuantitativeData quantitativevariables.
Summarizecategoricaldatafortwocategoriesintwo wayfrequencytables.Interpretrelativefrequencies inthecontextofthedata(includingjoint,marginal, andconditionalrelativefrequencies).Recognize possibleassociationsandtrendsinthedata.
SID.5
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AppendixG
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill
Fitafunctiontothedata;usefunctionsfittedtodatato solveproblemsinthecontextofthedata.Usegiven functionsorchooseafunctionsuggestedbythecontext. Emphasizelinear,quadratic,andexponentialmodels.
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical categoricaland scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare andProbability andQuantitativeData quantitativevariables. related. Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical categoricaland related. andProbability andQuantitativeData quantitativevariables. Summarize,represent,and interpretdataontwo Representdataontwoquantitativevariablesona scatterplot,anddescribehowthevariablesare HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical categoricaland related. andProbability andQuantitativeData quantitativevariables. Interprettheslope(rateofchange)andtheintercept (constantterm)ofalinearmodelinthecontextof thedata.
SID.6a
Informallyassessthefitofafunctionbyplottingand analyzingresiduals.
SID.6b
Fitalinearfunctionforascatterplotthatsuggestsalinear association. SID.6c
HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical andProbability andQuantitativeData Interpretlinearmodels.
SID.7
HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical andProbability andQuantitativeData Interpretlinearmodels. HighSchoolStatistics InterpretingCategorical andProbability andQuantitativeData Interpretlinearmodels. Understandandevaluate randomprocesses HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand underlyingstatistical andProbability JustifyingConclusions experiments.
Compute(usingtechnology)andinterpretthe correlationcoefficientofalinearfit.
SID.8 Data,Statistics& Probability Reasoning
Distinguishbetweencorrelationandcausation.
SID.9
Understandstatisticsasaprocessformaking inferencesaboutpopulationparametersbasedona randomsamplefromthatpopulation.
SIC.1
Understandandevaluate randomprocesses HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand underlyingstatistical JustifyingConclusions experiments. andProbability
Decideifaspecifiedmodelisconsistentwithresults fromagivendatageneratingprocess,e.g.,using simulation.Forexample,amodelsaysaspinningcoin fallsheadsupwithprobability0.5.Wouldaresultof 5tailsinarowcauseyoutoquestionthemodel?
SIC.2
Makeinferencesandjustify conclusionsfromsample Recognizethepurposesofanddifferencesamong HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand surveys,experiments,and samplesurveys,experiments,andobservational andProbability JustifyingConclusions observationalstudies. studies;explainhowrandomizationrelatestoeach.
SIC.3
Usedatafromasamplesurveytoestimatea populationmeanorproportion;developamarginof errorthroughtheuseofsimulationmodelsfor randomsampling.
SIC.4
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AppendixG
Makeinferencesandjustify conclusionsfromsample Usedatafromarandomizedexperimenttocompare HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand surveys,experiments,and twotreatments;usesimulationstodecideif andProbability JustifyingConclusions observationalstudies. differencesbetweenparametersaresignificant.
SIC.5
Makeinferencesandjustify conclusionsfromsample HighSchoolStatistics MakingInferencesand surveys,experiments,and JustifyingConclusions observationalstudies. Evaluatereportsbasedondata. andProbability
SIC.6
Understandindependence ConditionalProbability andconditionalprobability HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof andusethemtointerpret andProbability Probability data.
Describeeventsassubsetsofasamplespace(theset ofoutcomes)usingcharacteristics(orcategories)of theoutcomes,orasunions,intersections,or complementsofotherevents(or,and,not).
SCP.1
UnderstandthattwoeventsAandBare Understandindependence independentiftheprobabilityofAandBoccurring ConditionalProbability andconditionalprobability togetheristheproductoftheirprobabilities,anduse HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof andusethemtointerpret thischaracterizationtodetermineiftheyare independent. andProbability Probability data.
SCP.2
UnderstandtheconditionalprobabilityofAgivenB asP(AandB)/P(B),andinterpretindependenceofA Understandindependence andBassayingthattheconditionalprobabilityofA ConditionalProbability andconditionalprobability givenBisthesameastheprobabilityofA,andthe andusethemtointerpret conditionalprobabilityofBgivenAisthesameas HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof theprobabilityofB. data. andProbability Probability
SCP.3
Understandindependence ConditionalProbability andconditionalprobability HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof andusethemtointerpret andProbability Probability data.
Constructandinterprettwowayfrequencytablesof datawhentwocategoriesareassociatedwitheach objectbeingclassified.Usethetwowaytableasa samplespacetodecideifeventsareindependent andtoapproximateconditionalprobabilities.
SCP.4
Understandindependence ConditionalProbability andconditionalprobability Recognizeandexplaintheconceptsofconditional andusethemtointerpret probabilityandindependenceineverydaylanguage HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof data. andeverydaysituations. andProbability Probability
SCP.5
Data,Statistics& Probability Connections
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AppendixG
Usetherulesofprobability ConditionalProbability tocomputeprobabilitiesof FindtheconditionalprobabilityofAgivenBasthe HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsina fractionofBsoutcomesthatalsobelongtoA,and andProbability Probability uniformprobabilitymodel. interprettheanswerintermsofthemodel.
SCP.6
Usetherulesofprobability ConditionalProbability tocomputeprobabilitiesof ApplytheAdditionRule,P(AorB)=P(A)+P(B)P(A HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsina andB),andinterprettheanswerintermsofthe andProbability Probability uniformprobabilitymodel. model.
SCP.7
Usetherulesofprobability ConditionalProbability tocomputeprobabilitiesof HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsina andProbability Probability uniformprobabilitymodel.
(+)ApplythegeneralMultiplicationRuleinauniform probabilitymodel,P(AandB)=P(A)P(B|A)= P(B)P(A|B),andinterprettheanswerintermsofthe model.
SCP.8
Usetherulesofprobability ConditionalProbability tocomputeprobabilitiesof (+)Usepermutationsandcombinationstocompute probabilitiesofcompoundeventsandsolve HighSchoolStatistics andtheRulesof compoundeventsina andProbability Probability uniformprobabilitymodel. problems.
SCP.9
Calculateexpectedvalues andusethemtosolve problems. Calculateexpectedvalues andusethemtosolve problems. Calculateexpectedvalues andusethemtosolve problems.
(+)Definearandomvariableforaquantityof interestbyassigninganumericalvaluetoeachevent inasamplespace;graphthecorresponding probabilitydistributionusingthesamegraphical displaysasfordatadistributions. (+)Calculatetheexpectedvalueofarandom variable;interpretitasthemeanoftheprobability distribution. (+)Developaprobabilitydistributionforarandom variabledefinedforasamplespaceinwhich theoreticalprobabilitiescanbecalculated;findthe expectedvalue. (+)Developaprobabilitydistributionforarandom variabledefinedforasamplespaceinwhich probabilitiesareassignedempirically;findthe expectedvalue.
SMD.1
SMD.2
SMD.3
Calculateexpectedvalues andusethemtosolve problems.
SMD.4 Findtheexpectedpayoffforagameofchance.Forexample, findtheexpectedwinningsfromastatelotteryticketora gameatafastfoodrestaurant. SMD.5a
(+)Weighthepossibleoutcomesofadecisionby Useprobabilitytoevaluate assigningprobabilitiestopayoffvaluesandfinding outcomesofdecisions. expectedvalues.
19of26
AppendixG
Grade Domain Cluster CommonCoreStateStandards Standard Skill
Evaluateandcomparestrategiesonthebasisofexpected values.Forexample,compareahighdeductibleversusa lowdeductibleautomobileinsurancepolicyusingvarious, butreasonable,chancesofhavingaminororamajor accident.
Code
AlignedSATSkill
Comments
(+)Weighthepossibleoutcomesofadecisionby Useprobabilitytoevaluate assigningprobabilitiestopayoffvaluesandfinding outcomesofdecisions. expectedvalues.
SMD.5b
Useprobabilitytoevaluate (+)Useprobabilitiestomakefairdecisions(e.g., outcomesofdecisions. drawingbylots,usingarandomnumbergenerator).
SMD.6
(+)Analyzedecisionsandstrategiesusingprobability Useprobabilitytoevaluate concepts(e.g.,producttesting,medicaltesting, outcomesofdecisions. pullingahockeygoalieattheendofagame).
SMD.7
K12
Makesenseofproblemsandpersevereinsolving them.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsstartbyexplainingto themselvesthemeaningofaproblemandlookingforentry pointstoitssolution.Theyanalyzegivens,constraints, relationships,andgoals.Theymakeconjecturesaboutthe formandmeaningofthesolutionandplanasolution pathwayratherthansimplyjumpingintoasolution attempt.Theyconsideranalogousproblems,andtryspecial casesandsimplerformsoftheoriginalprobleminorderto gaininsightintoitssolution.Theymonitorandevaluate theirprogressandchangecourseifnecessary.Older studentsmight,dependingonthecontextoftheproblem, transformalgebraicexpressionsorchangetheviewing windowontheirgraphingcalculatortogettheinformation theyneed.Mathematicallyproficientstudentscanexplain correspondencesbetweenequations,verbaldescriptions, tables,andgraphsordrawdiagramsofimportantfeatures andrelationships,graphdata,andsearchforregularityor trends.Youngerstudentsmightrelyonusingconcrete objectsorpicturestohelpconceptualizeandsolvea problem.Mathematicallyproficientstudentschecktheir answerstoproblemsusingadifferentmethod,andthey continuallyaskthemselves,Doesthismakesense?They canunderstandtheapproachesofotherstosolving complexproblemsandidentifycorrespondencesbetween differentapproaches. MP.1
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry& Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Reasoning Connections
20of26
AppendixG
Communication
Comments
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsmakesenseof quantitiesandtheirrelationshipsinproblemsituations. Theybringtwocomplementaryabilitiestobearon problemsinvolvingquantitativerelationships:theabilityto decontextualizetoabstractagivensituationand representitsymbolicallyandmanipulatetherepresenting symbolsasiftheyhavealifeoftheirown,without necessarilyattendingtotheirreferentsandtheabilityto contextualize,topauseasneededduringthemanipulation processinordertoprobeintothereferentsforthesymbols involved.Quantitativereasoningentailshabitsofcreatinga coherentrepresentationoftheproblemathand; consideringtheunitsinvolved;attendingtothemeaningof quantities,notjusthowtocomputethem;andknowingand flexiblyusingdifferentpropertiesofoperationsandobjects. MP.2
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AppendixG
Constructviableargumentsandcritiquethe reasoningofothers.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsunderstandanduse statedassumptions,definitions,andpreviouslyestablished resultsinconstructingarguments.They makeconjecturesandbuildalogicalprogressionof statementstoexplorethetruthoftheirconjectures.They areabletoanalyzesituationsbybreakingthemintocases, andcanrecognizeandusecounterexamples.Theyjustify theirconclusions,communicatethemtoothers,and respondtotheargumentsofothers.Theyreason inductivelyaboutdata,makingplausibleargumentsthat takeintoaccountthecontextfromwhichthedataarose. Mathematicallyproficientstudentsarealsoabletocompare theeffectivenessoftwoplausiblearguments,distinguish correctlogicorreasoningfromthatwhichisflawed,andif thereisaflawinanargumentexplainwhatitis. Elementarystudentscanconstructargumentsusing concretereferentssuchasobjects,drawings,diagrams,and actions.Suchargumentscanmakesenseandbecorrect, eventhoughtheyarenotgeneralizedormadeformaluntil latergrades.Later,studentslearntodeterminedomainsto whichanargumentapplies.Studentsatallgradescanlisten orreadtheargumentsofothers,decidewhethertheymake sense,andaskusefulquestionstoclarifyorimprovethe arguments. MP.3
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AppendixG
Mathematicallyproficientstudentscanapplythe mathematicstheyknowtosolveproblemsarisingin everydaylife,society,andtheworkplace.Inearlygrades, thismightbeassimpleaswritinganadditionequationto describeasituation.Inmiddlegrades,astudentmightapply proportionalreasoningtoplanaschooleventoranalyzea probleminthecommunity.Byhighschool,astudentmight usegeometrytosolveadesignproblemoruseafunctionto describehowonequantityofinterestdependsonanother. Mathematicallyproficientstudentswhocanapplywhat theyknowarecomfortablemakingassumptionsand approximationstosimplifyacomplicatedsituation,realizing thatthesemayneedrevisionlater.Theyareabletoidentify importantquantitiesinapracticalsituationandmaptheir relationshipsusingsuchtoolsasdiagrams,twowaytables, graphs,flowchartsandformulas.Theycananalyzethose relationshipsmathematicallytodrawconclusions.They routinelyinterprettheirmathematicalresultsinthecontext ofthesituationandreflectonwhethertheresults makesense,possiblyimprovingthemodelifithasnot serveditspurpose. MP.4
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AppendixG
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsconsidertheavailable toolswhensolvingamathematicalproblem.Thesetools mightincludepencilandpaper,concretemodels,aruler,a protractor,acalculator,aspreadsheet,acomputeralgebra system,astatisticalpackage,ordynamicgeometry software.Proficientstudentsaresufficientlyfamiliarwith toolsappropriatefortheirgradeorcoursetomakesound decisionsaboutwheneachofthesetoolsmightbehelpful, recognizingboththeinsighttobegainedandtheir limitations.Forexample,mathematicallyproficienthigh schoolstudentsanalyzegraphsoffunctionsandsolutions generatedusingagraphingcalculator.Theydetectpossible errorsbystrategicallyusingestimationandother mathematicalknowledge.Whenmakingmathematical models,theyknowthattechnologycanenablethemto visualizetheresultsofvaryingassumptions,explore consequences,andcomparepredictionswithdata. Mathematicallyproficientstudentsatvariousgradelevels areabletoidentifyrelevantexternalmathematical resources,suchasdigitalcontentlocatedonawebsite,and usethemtoposeorsolveproblems.Theyareabletouse technologicaltoolstoexploreanddeepentheir understandingofconcepts. MP.5
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AppendixG
Attendtoprecision.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentstrytocommunicate preciselytoothers.Theytrytousecleardefinitionsin discussionwithothersandintheirownreasoning.They statethemeaningofthesymbolstheychoose,including usingtheequalsignconsistentlyandappropriately.They arecarefulaboutspecifyingunitsofmeasure,andlabeling axestoclarifythecorrespondencewithquantitiesina problem.Theycalculateaccuratelyandefficiently,express numericalanswerswithadegreeofprecisionappropriate fortheproblemcontext.Intheelementarygrades,students givecarefullyformulatedexplanationstoeachother.Bythe timetheyreachhighschooltheyhavelearnedtoexamine claimsandmakeexplicituseofdefinitions. MP.6
Number&Operations Algebra&Functions Geometry& Measurement Data,Statistics& Probability ProblemSolving Representation Communication
Mathematicallyproficientstudentslookcloselytodiscerna patternorstructure.Youngstudents,forexample,might noticethatthreeandsevenmoreisthesameamountas sevenandthreemore,ortheymaysortacollectionof shapesaccordingtohowmanysidestheshapeshave.Later, studentswillsee78equalsthewellremembered75+7 3,inpreparationforlearningaboutthedistributive property.Intheexpressionx 2+9x +14,olderstudentscan seethe14as27andthe9as2+7.Theyrecognizethe significanceofanexistinglineinageometricfigureandcan usethestrategyofdrawinganauxiliarylineforsolving problems.Theyalsocanstepbackforanoverviewandshift perspective.Theycanseecomplicatedthings,suchassome algebraicexpressions,assingleobjectsorasbeing composedofseveralobjects.Forexample,theycansee5 3(x y )2as5minusapositivenumbertimesasquareand usethattorealizethatitsvaluecannotbemorethan5for anyrealnumbersx andy . MP.7
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AppendixG
Lookforandexpressregularityinrepeated reasoning.
Mathematicallyproficientstudentsnoticeifcalculationsare repeated,andlookbothforgeneralmethodsandfor shortcuts.Upperelementarystudentsmightnoticewhen dividing25by11thattheyarerepeatingthesame calculationsoverandoveragain,andconcludetheyhavea repeatingdecimal.Bypayingattentiontothecalculationof slopeastheyrepeatedlycheckwhetherpointsareonthe linethrough(1,2)withslope3,middleschoolstudents mightabstracttheequation(y 2)/(x 1)=3.Noticingthe regularityinthewaytermscancelwhenexpanding(x 1)(x +1),(x 1)(x 2+x +1),and(x 1)(x 3+x 2+x +1)might leadthemtothegeneralformulaforthesumofageometric series.Astheyworktosolveaproblem,mathematically proficientstudentsmaintainoversightoftheprocess,while attendingtothedetails.Theycontinuallyevaluatethe reasonablenessoftheirintermediateresults. MP.8
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AppendixG
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ReSeArch RePOrT 2010-5A

Common Core State Standards Alignment

Common Core State Standards Alignment

Common Core State Standards Alignment

Content for Comparison

The College Board College Readiness Pathway

College Board Research Reports

Common Core State Standards Alignment

Comparing Standards and Assessments

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Common Core State Standards Alignment

College Board Research Reports

Common Core State Standards Alignment

Alignment Summary Table

College Board Research Reports

Common Core State Standards Alignment

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Appendix A: ReadiStep, PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Categories and Descriptions

ReadiStep Skills Categories Mathematics

DeterminingtheMeaningofWords UnderstandingofvocabularyandsentencestructureStudentdeterminesthemeaningofawordin asentenceorasectionoftextbyusingcontextclues,knowledgeofthemeaningofwords, knowledgeofrootwordsandaffixes,andunderstandingofhowthedifferentpartsofasentencefit together.

AuthorsCraft UnderstandingofanauthorsuseoflanguageanddevicesStudentunderstandsanauthors purposeinatext.Studentrecognizesthatauthorsusewordchoice,literarydevicesandrhetorical devicestoachievecertaineffects.

ReasoningandInferencing UseofreasoningandcriticalthinkingtoextendorelaborateonatextStudentusesreasoningto connectideaswithinatextoracrossshorttextsandtodrawconclusionsaboutatextortexts. Studentmakesinferencesandrecognizesimplicationsinatext.

OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingofideasandrecognitionofatextsorganizationStudentunderstands,connects andcomparesideaswithinatextoracrossshorttexts.Studentunderstandshowatextisorganized andrecognizesthefunctionsofdifferentpartsofatext.

UnderstandingLiteraryElements UseofknowledgeofliteraryelementsStudentusesunderstandingofsetting,plot, characterization,themeandnarrativeperspective(pointofview)whenanalyzingaliterarytext.

PSAT/NMSQT and SAT Skills Categories Mathematics

Number&Operations Studentscanunderstandnumbers,numbersystemsandoperations.Theycandoarithmeticword problems,includingthoseinvolvingpercent,ratioandproportion.Theyknowfundamental propertiesofintegersandelementarynumbertheory.Theycancomputefluentlywithrealnumbers,

OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements UnderstandingLiterary Elements

DeterminingtheMeaningof Words ReadiStepdoesnotincludepoetry.

RL.7.5 UnderstandingLiterary Elements

Integrationof Knowledgeand Ideas

Reading Standardsfor Literature

Citethetextualevidencethatmoststronglysupportsan analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.

OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements

Analyzehowparticularlinesofdialogueorincidentsina storyordramapropeltheaction,revealaspectsofa character,orprovokeadecision.

OrganizationandIdeas UnderstandingLiterary Elements

Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurativeandconnotative meanings;analyzetheimpactofspecificwordchoices onmeaningandtone,includinganalogiesorallusionsto othertexts.

DeterminingtheMeaningof Words AuthorsCraft

Compareandcontrastthestructureoftwoormore textsandanalyzehowthedifferingstructureofeach textcontributestoitsmeaningandstyle. Analyzehowdifferencesinthepointsofviewofthe charactersandtheaudienceorreader(e.g.,created throughtheuseofdramaticirony)createsucheffectsas suspenseorhumor.

AuthorsCraft UnderstandingLiterary Elements

Integrationof Knowledgeand Ideas

Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterature, RangeofReading includingstories,dramas,andpoems,atthehighendof andLevelofText grades68textcomplexitybandindependentlyand proficiently. Complexity

Reading Standardsfor KeyIdeasand InformationalText Details

Citeseveralpiecesoftextualevidencetosupport analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.

Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurative,connotative,and technicalmeanings;analyzetheimpactofaspecific wordchoiceonmeaningandtone.

DeterminingtheMeaningof Words AuthorsCraft

Analyzethestructureanauthorusestoorganizeatext, includinghowthemajorsectionscontributetothe wholeandtothedevelopmentoftheideas. Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurposeinatext andanalyzehowtheauthordistinguisheshisorher positionfromthatofothers.

Integrationof Knowledgeand Ideas

Reading Standardsfor KeyIdeasand InformationalText Details

Citethetextualevidencethatmoststronglysupportsan analysisofwhatthetextsaysexplicitlyaswellas inferencesdrawnfromthetext.

ReadiStepaddressestheskillofsummarizing; however,studentsarenotrequiredtoprovide adirectsummary.

Determinethemeaningofwordsandphrasesasthey areusedinatext,includingfigurative,connotative,and technicalmeanings;analyzetheimpactofspecificword choicesonmeaningandtone,includinganalogiesor allusionstoothertexts.

DeterminingtheMeaningof Words AuthorsCraft

Analyzeindetailthestructureofaspecificparagraphin atext,includingtheroleofparticularsentencesin developingandrefiningakeyconcept. Determineanauthorspointofvieworpurposeinatext andanalyzehowtheauthoracknowledgesandresponds toconflictingevidenceorviewpoints.

Integrationof Knowledgeand Ideas

OrganizationandIdeas PassagesforReadiSteparechosenbya DeterminingtheMeaningof processthatconsiderscomplexityandgrade Words levelappropriateness. OrganizationandIdeas

RangeofReading Bytheendoftheyear,readandcomprehendliterary andLevelofText nonfictionatthehighendofthegrades68text complexitybandindependentlyandproficiently. Complexity Introduceclaim(s),acknowledgealternateor opposingclaims,andorganizethereasonsand evidencelogically.

W.7.2b ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs

Useappropriatetransitionstocreatecohesionand clarifytherelationshipsamongideasandconcepts. W.7.2c

Usepreciselanguageanddomainspecific vocabularytoinformaboutorexplainthetopic. Establishandmaintainaformalstyle. Provideaconcludingstatementorsectionthat followsfromandsupportstheinformationor explanationpresented.

ManageOrderand RelationshipsofSentences andParagraphs