MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION
Computer paradigms evo ved !rom t"e mai#!rame to grid $omputi#g% &ri#gi#g #e' paradigms t"at $"a#ged our 'a( to use a#d u#dersta#d $omputers) Perso#a devi$es a#d $o#sumer e e$tro#i$s "ave &ee# i#! ue#$ed &( t"ose $"a#ges) C oud $omputi#g is a #e' paradigm t"at o!!ers s$a a&i it(% re ia&i it(% avai a&i it( '"e# a$$essi#g resour$es a$ross I#ter#et) Moreover $ oud $omputi#g is e*pe$ted to a&stra$t t"e detai s o! t"e u#der (i#g i#!rastru$ture eve# '"e# t"e( are $omp e*) T"e term +$ oud+ is a metap"or !or t"e I#ter#et% t"e #et'or, over '"i$" di!!ere#t orga#i-atio#s .oi# to d(#ami$a ( o!!er s$a a& e resour$es /01) Media ma#ageme#t is amo#g t"e most outsta#di#g aspe$ts o! $ oud $omputi#g% si#$e t"e $ oud ma,es possi& e to retai# a#d s"are arge amou#ts o! digita media) Curre#t state2o!2t"e2art devi$es $a# produ$e% store a#d de iver "ig" 3ua it( media t"at $a# &e !i#a ( distri&uted to'ards so$ia #et'or,s a#d $ommu#ities '"ere $o#stitue#t mem&ers mig"t &e !ami ( or !rie#ds) 4o'ever% t"ere is #o i#!rastru$ture to ,eep data u#der $o#tro or eve# !i#d a $o#$rete media i# t"e "ome e#viro#me#t or outside it) Media $ oud "as &ee# desig#ed to $ope 'it" t"is pro& em etti#g users $o#stitute a $ oud 'it" Frie#ds% !ami ( or 'it" peop e 'it" t"e same i#terests 'it" t"e so e o&.e$tive o! ma#agi#g media tra#spare#t ( eve# i! media is o$ated outside t"eir domai#s) U#iversa P ug a#d P a( 5UP#P6 /71 a#d Digita Livi#g A ia#$e 5DLNA6 a eviate t"e pro& ems o! s"ari#g $o#te#ts amo#g devi$es i# t"e "ome #et'or, &ut t"e( a$, a me$"a#ism !or sear$"i#g a$ross mu tip e repositories i# para e T"e so utio# des$ri&es a midd e'are t"at $a# &e i#sta#tiated i# 8et2top &o*es 58T96 or "ome gate'a(s% $a ed Media C oud% !or $ assi!(i#g% sear$"i#g% a#d s"ari#g media a$ross t"e "ome domai# a#d t"e $ oud) Media C oud uses a p ug2i# s(stem to support severa $o#te#t ma#ageme#t te$"#o ogies a#d it $a# &e e*te#ded to !uture te$"#o ogies)

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 Cloud Computin
Cloud !omputin is t"e use o! $omputi#g resour$es 5"ard'are a#d so!t'are6 t"at are de ivered as a servi$e over a #et'or, 5t(pi$a ( t"e I#ter#et6) T"e #ame $omes !rom t"e use o! a $ oud2s"aped s(m&o as a# a&stra$tio# !or t"e $omp e* i#!rastru$ture it $o#tai#s i# s(stem diagrams) C oud $omputi#g e#trusts remote servi$es 'it" a user:s data% so!t'are a#d $omputatio#)

"i 2.1 Cloud Computin

2.2 Content #ana ement

Content mana ement% or C#% is t"e set o! pro$esses a#d te$"#o ogies t"at support t"e $o e$tio#% ma#agi#g% a#d pu& is"i#g o! i#!ormatio# i# a#( !orm or medium) I# re$e#t times t"is i#!ormatio# is t(pi$a ( re!erred to as $o#te#t or% to &e pre$ise% digita $o#te#t) Digita $o#te#t ma( ta,e t"e !orm o! te*t 5su$" as e e$tro#i$ do$ume#ts6% mu timedia !i es 5su$" as audio or video !i es6% or a#( ot"er !i e t(pe t"at !o o's a $o#te#t i!e$($ e re3uiri#g ma#ageme#t) Co#te#t ma#ageme#t pra$ti$es a#d goa s var( &( missio# a#d &( orga#i-atio#a gover#a#$e stru$ture) 7

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Ne's orga#i-atio#s% e $ommer$e 'e&sites% a#d edu$atio#a i#stitutio#s a use $o#te#t ma#ageme#t% &ut i# di!!ere#t 'a(s) T"is eads to di!!ere#$es i# termi#o og( a#d i# t"e #ames a#d #um&er o! steps i# t"e pro$ess)

7); Content Di$tri%ution

Di ital di$tri%ution 5a so $a ed !ontent deli&er'% online di$tri%ution% or ele!troni! $o(t)are di$tri%ution 5ESD6% amo#g ot"ers6 des$ri&es t"e de iver( o! media $o#te#t su$" as audio% video %so!t'are a#d video games% 'it"out t"e use o! p"(si$a media usua ( over o# i#e de iver( mediums% su$" as t"e I#ter#et) Digita distri&utio# &(passes $o#ve#tio#a p"(si$a distri&utio# met"ods% su$" as paper or D<Ds) T"e term o# i#e distri&utio# is t(pi$a ( app ied to !reesta#di#g produ$ts= do'# oada& e add2o#s !or ot"er produ$ts are more $ommo# ( ,#o'# as do'# oada& e $o#te#t) Wit" t"e adva#$eme#t o! #et'or, &a#d'idt" $apa&i ities% digita distri&utio# &e$ome promi#e#t i# t"e 7>>>s) Co#te#t distri&uted o# i#e ma( &e streamed or do'# oaded) 8treami#g i#vo ves do'# oadi#g a#d usi#g $o#te#t +o#2dema#d+ as it is #eeded) Mea#'"i e% !u ( do'# oadi#g t"e $o#te#t to a "ard drive or ot"er !orm o! storage media a o's !or 3ui$, a$$ess i# t"e !uture)

"i 2.* Content Di$tri%ution

Chapter *
;

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

#EDIA CLOUD O+,ECTIVES

Media C oud is a midd e'are !or e#a& i#g media2$e#tered $ooperatio# amo#g "ome #et'or,s) Media C oud is t"e &ridge to a# ope# ar$"ite$ture t"at a o's users to .oi# t"eir "ome e3uipme#ts to $o#stitute a $ oud) Media C oud a&stra$ts t"e u#der (i#g $omp e*it( to provide a #e' $o#te#t distri&utio# mode t"at simp i!ies $ assi!(i#g% sear$"i#g a#d a$$essi#g user2ge#erated a#d $ommer$ia $o#te#t 'it"i# t"e "ome #et'or,s) Media C oud pursues !u !i i#g t"ree goa s) T"e !irst goa is $o#te#t $ assi!i$atio#) A# average user ge#erates $o#te#ts ver( 3ui$, ( a#d stores t"em a'a( i# severa devi$es) I# !a$t% users? media i&rar( stops gro'i#g o# ( si#$e t"e( rea$" t"eir storage $apa$it( u#ti t"e( &u( a# additio#a "ard drive or $omputer= or t"e( .ust upgrade t"eir "ard drive e3uipped 8T9) T"us% it is usua !or a user to e*pe#d &ig time tr(i#g to !i#d $o#te#ts t"at 'ere previous ( stored i# "is@"er o'# devi$es% orga#i-e t"em i#to $o e$tio#s% a#d ma#ipu ate t"em to produ$e #e' !ormats or prese#tatio#s) Media C oud a eviates t"e pro& em providi#g a# i#de*i#g servi$e !or sear$"i#g% a set o! !u#$tio#s over $ommo# proto$o s to add or a##otate $o#te#ts a#d a user i#ter!a$e to ma#age t"em 5move% $op(% de ete6) T"e se$o#d goa is to so ve t"e pro& em o! s"ari#g arge amou#ts o! media 'it" !ami ( a#d !rie#ds) As it "as &ee# s"o'# duri#g t"e 'e& 7)> adve#t% t"e 'e& "as dived i# t"e so$ia p a#e ver( 3ui$, () No'ada(s% app i$atio#s are $ommo# ( i#,ed to so$ia #et'or,s a#d t"at pri#$ip e e*te#ds to media s"ari#g app i$atio#s) 4o'ever% severa priva$( pro& ems restrai# users to up oad perso#a pi$tures or videos to so$ia #et'or,s) For i#sta#$e% t"e 8e$urit( Resear$" Computer La&orator( at t"e U#iversit( o! Cam&ridge revea ed i# t"eir & og e#tr( +T"e atta$, o! t"e Aom&ie P"otos+ t"at ma#( so$ia #et'or,s !ai to de ete perso#a pi$tures '"e# i#stru$ted to do so &( t"e o'#ers) Moreover% i# some $ases it is possi& e to o&tai# u#aut"ori-ed a$$ess to p"otos)

W"e# it $omes to $ommer$ia $o#te#t% t"e goa o! Media C oud is to a$t as dis$over( servi$e a#d i$e#se pro*() It .ust !i#ds $o#te#ts% e*$"a#ge i$e#ses a#d provides a tu##e !or $ommu#i$ati#g prote$ted devi$es) T"us% a $o#stitue#t mem&er o! t"e $ oud B

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

$a# a$$ess $ommer$ia $o#te#t retai#ed &( ot"er "ome #et'or,% '"e#ever "e@s"e "o ds t"e appropriate i$e#se) T"is arti$ e i#te#ds to prese#t Media C oud ar$"ite$ture% its distri&uted sear$" e#gi#e a#d t"e $o#te#t adaptatio# modu es)

Chapter -

#EDIA CLOUD ARC.ITECTURE

C

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Media C oud midd e'are provides servi$es to t"e devi$es o$ated i#side t"e "ome #et'or, a#d to ot"er Media C oud i#sta#$es o$ated outside '"e#ever t"e( &e o#g to t"e same $ oud) For t"at reaso#% Media C oud is o$ated &et'ee# t"e "ome #et'or, a#d I#ter#et) A# appropriate p a$e to i#sta#tiate Media C oud is a# 8T9 'it" a$$ess to t"e "ome #et'or, a#d to t"e I#ter#et) T"us% it $a# $ommu#i$ate 'it" devi$es o$ated i# t"e "ome e#viro#me#t a#d provide sear$" servi$es% $o#te#t de iver(% a#d !i teri#g to !rie#ds a#d !ami ( outside "ome domai#) Fig) 0 s,et$"es out t"e ar$"ite$ture o! Media C oud) T'o di!!ere#t modu es $ompose Media C oud: t"e Media I#de*er a#d t"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator) Aside t"ose modu es t"ere is a se$urit( a(er '"i$" e#!or$es se$urit( po i$ies a#d !i ter $o#te#ts

"i /.1 #edia Cloud Ar!hite!ture T"e Media I#de*er ma#ages $ommu#i$atio#s 'it" devi$es i#side t"e "ome domai#) It dis$overs devi$es% o&tai#s metadata !rom t"e media !i es o!!ered &( t"ose devi$es% &ui ds sear$" i#de*es% a#d adapts i#$omi#g a#d outgoi#g streams appropriate ( !or ever( devi$e) T"e most importa#t tas, o! t"e Media I#de*er is t"e $reatio# o! t"e sear$" i#de* 5$o#te#t $ata ogi#g6) T"e i#de* $o#tai#s metadata% i#!ormatio# a&out t"e devi$es% a$$ess $o#tro i#!ormatio#% a#d a#( ot"er optio#a attri&ute) T"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator attai#s t"e goa o! ma,i#g t"e "ome #et'or, part o! a $ oud) It e*te#ds Datta% a# ope# sour$e distri&uted app i$atio# t"at e#a& es sear$" operatio#s i# a simi ar 'a( as 4adoop Map Redu$e /0>1 does) T"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator straig"te# out t"e pro& em o! sear$"i#g a$ross mu tip e repositories i# para e E

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

5o#e per $o#stitue#t "ome #et'or,6 a#d a so "a#d es i#$omi#g or outgoi#g $o#te#t streams) T"e Media C oud midd e'are 5i#sta#tiated i# a# 8T96 $o e$ts metadata% provides sear$"i#g servi$es% a#d a$ts as a pro*( adapti#g re3uests to proto$o s supported &( media e#dpoi#ts) T"us% it .ust disguises t"e $omp e*it( o! t"e I#ter#et to t"e "ome domai# devi$es a#d% o&vious (% to t"eir Users)

-.1 #edia Inde0er

T"e Media I#de*er dis$overs devi$es o$ated i# t"e "ome domai# a#d i#terrogates t"em to gat"er i#!ormatio# a&out t"e $o#te#ts t"e( retai#) It uses $o#te#t i#!ormatio# to produ$e a# i#de* t"at 'i &e used &( t"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator to !a$i itate sear$" operatio#s) T"e Media I#de*er "as t'o !u#$tio#a & o$,s: t"e Co#te#t I#de*er a#d t"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager) T"e Co#te#t I#de*er $o e$ts i#!ormatio# a&out t"e $o#te#t as media t(pe% $reatio# date% metadata% a#d user:s a##otatio#s) It a so registers a$$ess i#!ormatio# as t"e "ard'are ide#ti!ier or t"e #et'or, address o! t"e devi$e "o di#g t"at $o#te#t% proto$o s t"at $a# &e used to a$$ess t"e $o#te#t a#d re3uired i$e#se 5i# t"e $ase o! $ommer$ia $o#te#t6) Wit" t"at i#!ormatio#% it &ui ds a# i#de* a#d stores it i# t"e 4ome Media I#de*es 54MI6 data&ase) W"e# t"e Co#te#t I#de*er pro$esses a media !i e% as a p"oto or video% it #eeds $ooperatio# !rom t"e devi$e% !or i#sta#$e% to provide i#!ormatio# a&out t"e media !i e) T"is pro$edure re3uires t"e devi$e to imp eme#t a metadata e*tra$tio# servi$e a$$essi& e &(% !or i#sta#$e% DLNA or UP#P) Eve# t"oug" t"at is t"e pre!erred 'a(% t"e Co#te#t I#de*er $a# !et$" t"e media !i e !rom t"e devi$e or part o! it% si#$e t"e &egi##i#g usua ( $o#tai#s t"e metadata% to pro$ess it)

-.1.1 The Content Inde0er

T"e Co#te#t I#de*er 5CI6 is i# $"arge o! &ui di#g a# i#de* !or $o#te#ts usi#g $o#te#t metadata% so$ia #et'or, !eeds a#d I#ter#et re ated $o#te#t 5see Fig) 76) T"is F

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

modu e uses Lu$e#e% a# ope# sour$e s$a a& e "ig"2per!orma#$e i#de*er t"at e#a& es sear$"i#g over t"e i#de* usi#g ra#,ed or !ie ded sear$"es) It is possi& e to use ma#( di!!ere#t 3ueries as p"rase% 'i d$ard% pro*imit(% or ra#ge 3ueries) A Lu$e#e i#de* is a dire$tor() Ever( i#de* e#tr( $orrespo#ds to a do$ume#t i#side t"e dire$tor() T"e CI $reates a do$ume#t !or ever( media !i e a#a (-ed a#d adds it to t"e i#de*) A do$ume#t is a $o e$tio# o! !ie d2va ue pairs) T"e #um&er a#d #ature o! !ie ds depe#ds o# t"e media !i e si#$e t"e i#!ormatio# e*tra$ted !rom metadata% I#ter#et or so$ia #et'or,s mig"t &e di!!ere#t)

"i /.2 Content Inde0er Fie ds i# Lu$e#e $a# &e stored% to,e#i-ed% i#de*ed% a#d ve$tored) 8tored !ie ds $o#tai# t"e va ue as it 'as provided to Lu$e#e) I# to,e#i-ed !ie ds% t"e va ue is a#a (-ed a#d to,e#s emitted are i#de*ed) T"e va ue i# i#de*ed !ie ds is made sear$"a& e) Fi#a (% ve$tored !ie ds $o#tai# t"e term !re3ue#$( per do$ume#t) T"e !ie ds o! t"e do$ume#t ge#erated &( CI !or ever( media !i e $a# &e $ assi!ied i# t"ree $ategories) T"e $o#te#t des$riptio# $ategor( $o#tai#s a !ie d per metadata e#tr( i# t"e !i e) 8i#$e t"e !ie d #ame G

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

must &e u#i3ue 'it"i# a do$ume#t% t"e CI uses a #amespa$e #ame as a pre!i* !or ever( metadata e#tr(% !or i#sta#$e% +id;)tit e+ or +ip$t)aut"or+) T"e !ie ds &e o#gi#g to t"is $ategor( are i#de*ed a#d stored i# t"e do$ume#t% so it is possi& e to sear$" a$ross t"em)

-.1.2 .ome Domain #ana er

T"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager 54DM6 dea s 'it" t"e di!!ere#t #et'or,ed devi$es prese#t i# t"e "ome #et'or,) It re ies o# a p ug2i# s(stem !or supporti#g di!!ere#t devi$es a#d proto$o s% a#d it $a# &e e*te#ded to support up$omi#g te$"#o ogies) W"e# $o#te#ts are re3uested !rom t"e "ome #et'or, or !rom t"e $ oud t"e 4DM retrieves t"e a$$ess i#!ormatio# !ie ds !rom t"e i#de* a#d i#sta#tiates t"e appropriate p ug2i#)

"i /.* .ome Domain #ana er

T"is p ug2i# s(stem dea s 'it" t"e p et"ora o! te$"#o ogies avai a& e !or $o#te#t distri&utio# 'it"i# a "ome domai#) UP#P a#d DLNA are supported &( t"e 4DM% &ut it $a# &e e*te#ded to ot"er proto$o s) DLNA a#d UP#P dea 'it" #et'or,ed $o#sumer e e$tro#i$s permitti#g user ge#erated $o#te#ts to &e s"ared amo#g "ouse"o d devi$es) T"ese spe$i!i$atio#s de!i#e t"ree !u#$tio#a $ompo#e#ts: Media 8erver 5M86% Media Re#derer 5MR6% a#d Co#tro Poi#t 5CP6) A devi$e $a# imp eme#t severa !u#$tio#a $ompo#e#ts 5media p a(ers $om&i#e CP a#d MR6)

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Co#tro Poi#ts dis$over a#d $o#tro ot"er devi$es o# t"e #et'or, a#d $oordi#ate operatio#s amo#g devi$es t"at (ie d to t"e desired resu t) Devi$es i# DLNA e*pose servi$es t"at provide a$tio#s) 8ervi$es $a# &e $o#tro ed via state varia& es or eve#ts) UP#P A< !a$i itates t"e dis$over( a#d $o#!iguratio# &ut it does #ot de!i#e "o' $o#te#ts are tra#s!erred) DLNA goes &e(o#d UP#P de!i#i#g ma#dator( Media Formats a#d Media Tra#sport proto$o s as 4TTP or Rea 2time Tra#sport Proto$o 5RTP6) 4o'ever% distri&uted sear$" operatio#s i# UP#P a#d DLNA are #ot straig"t!or'ard) UP#P &e"aves i# a Peer2to2Peer 5P7P6 !as"io#% !or i#sta#$e% a CP $o#tro s a M8 to re#der $o#te#ts i# a MR% so UP#P does #ot a o' to sear$" i# para e i# severa repositories) T"e Co#te#t I#de*er a#d t"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator "a#d e t"e sear$"i#g operatio#s) T"e 4DM a$ts as a &ro,er) T"e modu e gets t"e $o#te#t stream !rom t"e sour$e devi$e usi#g t"e appropriate p ug2i#)

-.2 "orei n Content A re ator

T"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator "a#d es $ oud $ommu#i$atio#s) It ma,es $o#te#t stored i# devi$es at t"e "ome #et'or, avai a& e to ot"er Media C oud i#sta#$es t"roug" I#ter#et) T"e modu e is $omposed &( a Co#te#t 8erver a#d a Co#te#t De iver( modu e) T"e Co#te#t 8erver !a$i itates !oreig# $ ie#ts to sear$" 'it"i# t"e 4MI data&ase) T"e Co#te#t De iver( modu e se#ds $o#te#t to ot"er Media C oud i#sta#$es o$ated outside t"e "ome domai#) T"e aut"e#ti$atio# is "a#d ed &( t"e 8e$urit( La(er t"at issues a se$urit( to,e# a!ter a !oreig# $ ie#t is su$$ess!u ( aut"e#ti$ated a#d aut"ori-ed) T"e A$$ess Co#tro 8(stem o! t"e se$urit( a(er uses t"e se$urit( to,e# to !i ter 4MI data&ase $o#te#ts preve#ti#g u#aut"ori-ed a$$ess a#d respe$ti#g priva$() T"e aut"e#ti$atio# is "a#d ed &( t"e 8e$urit( La(er t"at issues a se$urit( to,e# a!ter a !oreig# $ ie#t is su$$ess!u ( aut"e#ti$ated a#d aut"ori-ed) T"e A$$ess Co#tro 8(stem o! t"e se$urit( a(er uses t"e se$urit( to,e# to !i ter 4MI data&ase $o#te#ts preve#ti#g u#aut"ori-ed a$$ess a#d respe$ti#g priva$()

-.2.1 Content Ser&er

0>

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

UP#P a#d DLNA% as ma#( ot"er proto$o s used to s"are $o#te#ts 'it"i# a "ome domai# 'ere desig#ed to operate i# o$a #et'or,s) For t"at reaso#% users re ( !re3ue#t ( o# t"ird part( servi$es% t(pi$a ( 'e&2&ased% to s"are $o#te#ts &e(o#d t"e &ou#daries o! a "ome domai#) T"ese ,i#ds o! 'or,arou#ds are ort"ogo#a to $ oud $omputi#g $o#$epts si#$e $o#te#ts are #ot a$$essed tra#spare#t () Fortu#ate (% ma#( i#itiatives a o' $ ie#ts to per!orm distri&uted sear$" operatio#s &( $o##e$ti#g to a #odes a#d mergi#g resu ts i#to a u#i!ied resu t ist) T"ose i#itiatives emp o( +map a#d redu$e+ !u#$tio#s /0;1 $ommo# ( used i# !u#$tio#a programmi#g) T"e Foreig# Co#te#t Aggregator is &ased o# Datta% a distri&uted app i$atio# t"at ru#s o# $ommodit( "ard'are) Datta re3uires a master server to ma#age t"e rest o! t"e #odes o! Media C oud) Nodes are parti$ipa#ts o! t"e Media C oud t"at serve i#de* +s"ards+

"i /.- !ontent $er&er 00

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Datta uses Aoo,eeper% a $e#tra i-ed servi$e 5'"ere t"e $e#tra #ode is t"e master6 !or mai#tai#i#g $o#!iguratio# i#!ormatio#% #ami#g% providi#g distri&uted s(#$"ro#i-atio#% a#d providi#g group servi$es) Aoo,eeper ,eeps tra$, o! t"e ive #odes a#d updates t"e #ode ist i# ever( Media C oud i#sta#$e '"e# a #ode !ai s or a #e' #ode .oi#s t"e $ oud) W"e# a sear$" operatio# is per!ormed% Datta gets t"e do$ume#t !re3ue#$ies% i)e) #um&er o! times t"e 'ord5s6 o! t"e 3uer( is 5are6 $o#tai#ed i# a do$ume#t% !or a 3uer( i#dividua ( !rom a t"e #odes) T"at gives t"e do$ume#t !re3ue#$ies per #ode% &ut #ot a g o&a s$ore 5or !re3ue#$(6) T"e#% it passes t"e va ue 5do$ume#t !re3ue#$(6 a#d t"e sear$" 3uer( to a #odes so t"e( $a# ad.ust t"eir s$ori#g i# order to derive t"e do$ume#t !re3ue#$(% or s$ori#g% 'it" a g o&a s$ope) I# t"is 'a(% it is possi& e to o&tai# a distri&uted s$ori#g s(stem to !i#d t"e $o#te#ts t"at &etter mat$" t"e sear$" 3uer()

-.2.2 Content Deli&er' #odule

T"e Co#te#t De iver( Modu e 5CDM6 "a#d es $ommu#i$atio#s 'it" !oreig# devi$es) T"is modu e de ivers $o#te#t outside t"e "ome #et'or, &( mea#s o! streami#g% "ttp or a#( proprietar( proto$o usi#g a ge#era 2purpose se$ure tu##e ) T"e modu e se e$ts t"e most appropriate proto$o to se#d $o#te#ts a$ross I#ter#et) T"e devi$e retai#i#g t"e se e$ted $o#te#t streams it to t"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager) T"e CDM at t"e sour$e "ome #et'or, provides a# appropriate tra#sport to t"e $o#te#t over a se$ure tu##e ) T"e CDM at t"e desti#atio# re$eives t"e $o#te#t a#d redire$ts it to its 4ome Domai# Ma#ager) Fi#a (% t"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager at desti#atio# Media C oud i#sta#$e% 'ou d se e$t t"e appropriate p ug2i# to de iver t"e $o#te#t to t"e devi$e t"at re3uested it) T"e CDM uses a p ug2i# s(stem t"at $a# &e e*te#ded to support #e' proto$o s) 9( de!au t% t"e CDM supports RTP a#d Rea Time 8treami#g Proto$o 5RT8P6 proto$o s !or streami#g) It a so supports 4TTP a#d 4TTP over se$ure $"a##e 54TTP86 proto$o s !or tra#smitti#g $o#te#t t"at $a##ot &e streamed as images or do$ume#ts) I! t"e proto$o !or $ommu#i$ati#g t'o devi$es i# di!!ere#t "ome #et'or,s t"roug" t"e $ oud is proprietar(% t"e CDM provides a ge#era purpose se$ure tu##e t"at a$ts as se$ure pipe) Devi$es o$ated at t"e "ome #et'or, $a# a$$ess tra#spare#t ( to $o#te#ts stored i# t"e $ oud as i! 07

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

t"e( 'ere part o! t"e "ome #et'or,) T"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager a#d t"e Co#te#t De iver( Modu e per!orm $o#te#t streami#g a#d adaptatio#) T"e Co#te#t De iver( Modu e se#ds or re$eives $o#te#ts !rom ot"er Media C oud i#sta#$es a#d t"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager adapts t"e streams to !it devi$es $apa&i ities) Media C oud a&stra$ts t"e u#der (i#g $omp e*it( so t"e devi$es i#tera$t as i! t"e( 'ere o$ated i# t"e same "ome #et'or,)

Chapter /
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MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

SECURITY
T"e se$urit( a(er is amo#g t"e most importa#t pie$es o! Media C oud) T"ere are severa $o#$er#s a&out se$urit( i# $ oud $omputi#g espe$ia ( '"e# user2ge#erated $o#te#t $a# &e de ivered% stored a#d pro$essed i# #odes outside t"e admi#istrative &ou#daries o! t"e user domai#) I# /0B1 a#d /0C1 $ou d $omputi#g se$urit( is a#a (-ed u#vei i#g t"at t"e most importa#t pro& em is trust) T"ose arti$ es reaso# a&out pu& i$ C oud Computi#g s(stems t"at o!!er servi$es to e#d users or ot"er $ompa#ies) I# ge#era % trust is a trade o!! agai#st ma#( &e#e!its as s$a a&i it(% per!orma#$e a#d ease o! ma#ageme#t) 9ut '"e# it $omes to user ge#erated $o#te#t% '"i$" $a# $omprise se#sitive $o#te#t% trust is a&so ute ( #e$essar() T"e pro& em o! trust i# Media C oud is a eviated si#$e t"e $ oud $ou d &e $o#sidered private) Media C oud is ma#aged &( a $ommu#it( '"ere $o#stitue#t mem&ers mig"t &e !ami (% !rie#ds or a#(o#e e*p i$it ( i#vited to &e part o! it) T"e se$urit( i# Media C oud is &ased o# digita ide#tit() A Media C oud i#sta#$e provides servi$es to devi$es o$ated i# t"e "ome #et'or,) T"ose devi$es $a# &e operated &( a#( !ami ( mem&er) T"us% t"e aut"e#ti$atio#% aut"ori-atio# a#d po i$( e#!or$eme#t s"ou d &e ma#aged usi#g user2$e#tri$ digita ide#tit( te$"#o og() Moder# user2$e#tri$ digita ide#tit( $a# &e de!i#ed as +'"at I sa( a&out me% a#d '"at ot"ers sa( a&out me+ /0E1% si#$e users $oa es$e attri&utes !rom di!!ere#t p a$es ad2"o$ !or ea$" i#tera$tio#% ,eepi#g e#tire $o#tro over t"eir data) 8ome user2$e#tri$ digita ide#tit( paradigms% as I#!ormatio# Cards /0F1% permit to &ui d perso#a i-ed $ards% metap"ors o! rea ID $ards) T"e idea is #ot o# ( to aut"e#ti$ate a#d aut"ori-e Media C oud users &ut a so to perso#a i-e t"e servi$e% !or i#sta#$e% !i teri#g $o#te#ts or e#!or$i#g pare#ta $o#tro ) Media C oud re ies o# I#!ormatio# Cards to per!orm aut"e#ti$atio# a#d aut"ori-atio#) W"e# a user starts usi#g Media C oud% "e re3uests "is Media C oud 8T9 to ge#erate a# I#!ormatio# Card a#d to se#d it to t"e mem&ers o! t"e $ oud or to t"ose o!!eri#g t"e servi$es re3uested &( t"e user) Upo# re$eptio#% Media C oud #odes per!orm aut"e#ti$atio# a#d aut"ori-atio# o# t"e I#!ormatio# Card) I! t"e aut"e#ti$atio# 'as su$$ess!u ( a#d t"e re3uested servi$es !it o# t"e aut"ori-atio# po i$(% ea$" #ode issues a# OAut" /0G1 to,e# t"at 'i &e used !or !urt"er i#tera$tio#) OAut" a o's Media C oud #odes to de egate resour$es to ot"er #ode or devi$e 'it"out re3uiri#g to "a#d out 0B

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

$rede#tia s at t"e &egi##i#g o! ever( i#tera$tio#) I# su$" a 'a(% ever( Media C oud #ode de egates part o! t"eir !u#$tio#a it( to t"e to,e# "o der)

Chapter 1
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MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

I#2LE#ENTATION
We "ave deve oped Media C oud i#$ udi#g a# UP#P servi$e !or metadata e*$"a#ge t"at $a# &e easi ( i#sta#tiated i# sma devi$es) We "ave $"ose# a# ope# sour$e UP#P i&rar( !or deve opi#g t"e UP#P@DLNA p ug2i#s o! t"e 4ome Domai# Ma#ager a#d !or t"e metadata e*$"a#ge servi$e) T"e deve opme#t pro$ess o! Media C oud $omprises t"ree stages) I# t"e !irst stage% 'e deve oped a proo! o! $o#$ept usi#g $ommodit( "ard'are as Perso#a Computers 5PCs6) I# t"is stage% Media C oud 'as su$$ess!u ( i#sta#tiated a#d tested i# severa I7EE $o#tai#ers) Co#$er#i#g t"e "ard'are% 'e tested Media C oud i# a sma !orm !a$tor PC 'it" 0G& o! RAM) T"e 4ome Media I#de*es data&ase 'as deve oped usi#g t"e Apa$"e Lu$e#e ope# sour$e pro.e$t) To ma,e t"e i#de* sear$"a& e a$ross t"e $ oud% 'e imp eme#ted a $ustom Co#te#t 8erver 'it" a distri&uted sear$" i&rar( !rom t"e Datta pro.e$t) Our $ustom Co#te#t 8erver "a#d es t"e master #ode e e$tio# duri#g t"e i#itia i-atio# a#d upo# master !ai ure) T"e se$urit( a(er i# t"is stage used a# ope# sour$e JACML imp eme#tatio# !or po i$( e#!or$eme#t a#d a# ope# sour$e se$urit( !rame'or, !or user ma#ageme#t% aut"e#ti$atio#% aut"ori-atio#% a#d po i$( e#!or$eme#t) T"e i#!ormatio# $ards aut"e#ti$atio# 'as imp eme#ted as a $ustom aut"e#ti$atio# modu e !or t"e se$urit( !rame'or,) I# t"e se$o#d stage% 'e !a$ed t"e $"a e#ge o! ma,i#g a sta& e imp eme#tatio# 'it" a o' memor( !ootpri#t to &e i#sta#tiated i# a state2o!2t"e2art 8T9 'it" a Redu$ed I#stru$tio# 8et Computi#g 5RI8C6 pro$essor% 7CEM& o! RAM%a#d a Giga&it Et"er#et #et'or, i#ter!a$e ru##i#g Li#u* operati#g s(stem) We tested our imp eme#tatio# 'it" a 8T9 !or &ot" modes o! operatio#) T"e s$e#ario 'as a $ oud 'it" C> parti$ipa#ts ma,i#g o#e re3uest at t"e same time to t"e Media C oud #ode i#sta#tiated i# t"e 8T9) We repeated t"e pro$ess C> times) T"e Media C oud 8T9 used a# i#de* derived !rom 0> t"ousa#d media !i es) T"e memor( $o#sumptio# a#d t"e test time are s"o'# i# Fig) C !or t"e re a*ed mode a#d i# Fig) E !or t"e oaded mode

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MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

"i .3.1 Te0t re$ult$ (or rela0ed mode u$in 4#% o( RA#

"i . 3.2 Te0t re$ult$ (or loaded mode u$in 11#% o( RA# T"e test !or t"e re a*ed mode asted 00>7 se$o#ds) T"e Co#te#t 8erver used CBF se$o#ds o! t"at time to pro$ess t"e 7C>> re3uests) T"e rest o! t"e CPU time 'as used to parse t"e re3uest% $"e$, t"e se$urit( po i$(% ge#erate t"e respo#se% a#d se#d it) T"e average used "eap 'as a&out C)E M&) T"e test !or t"e oaded mode asted HC> se$o#ds) T"e Co#te#t 8erver used CB0 se$o#ds o! t"at time to pro$ess t"e 7C>> re3uests% '"i$" is reaso#a& ( simi ar to t"e time 0F

MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

t"e Co#te#t 8erver used i# t"e re a*ed mode tests% s"o'i#g t"at t"e sear$" operatio# time is% i# pra$ti$e% $o#sta#t) 9esides t"e average used "eap 'as a so arou#d C)E M&% t"e &igger "eap a o's Media C oud to a$$ommodate more re3uests 'it"out #eedi#g to !ree part o! t"e "eap ma,i#g t"is mode a 0CK !aster)

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MEDIA CLOUD: AN OPEN CLOUD COMPUTING MIDDLEWARE FOR CONTENT MANAGEMENT

Chapter 3

CONCLUSION
Media C oud provides a# eas( to ma#age% $ost2e!!e$tive so utio# !or &ri#gi#g $ oud $omputi#g paradigm to $o#te#t s"ari#g amo#g !ederated "ome #et'or,s) T"e so utio# is eas( to ma#age si#$e it supports di!!ere#t devi$es &( per!ormi#g $o#te#t adaptatio#) Media C oud $o#siders tra#spare#$( as a mai# goa : it a o's devi$es !rom di!!ere#t "ome #et'or,s to $ommu#i$ate as i! t"e( 'ere i# t"e same o$a #et'or,) It uses 'e ,#o'# proto$o s as DLNA a#d UP#P !or i#ter!a$i#g t"e "ome #et'or, '"ereas uses 4TTP a#d RTP over a se$ure $"a##e !or $ommu#i$atio#s a$ross I#ter#et) Moreover% t"e so utio# is ope# si#$e #e' proto$o s $a# &e supported usi#g t"e p ug2i# s(stem) T"e $ost e!!e$tive#ess is a$"ieved &( s"ari#g resour$es t"at $ou d &e u#derused i# ot"er $ases) Media C oud e#$ourages $ooperatio# amo#g "ome #et'or,s !a$i itati#g media $ assi!i$atio#% ma#ageme#t a#d s"ari#g) Distri&uted sear$" a#d $o#te#t de iver( over t"e $ oud are amo#g t"e most importa#t !eatures o! Media C oud) U# i,e ot"er $ oud $omputi#g so utio#s% Media C oud% due to its private $"ara$ter% mitigates priva$( pro& ems) It re ies o# digita $o#tro ) ide#tit( to per!orm per user aut"e#ti$atio# a#d perso#a i-atio#% a#d uses OAut" to,e#s !or !i teri#g sear$" resu ts a#d per!orm a$$ess

0H