Module 1 Introduction and overview

Attempt: 2 1.0 Overview

The Managing Safely course is for those required to manage safely and effectively in compliance with both their organisations policy and best practice in health and safety.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 1.1 Aim

To ensure that safety requirements are appreciated by people employed as line managers, and to enable them to review their own departmental systems, introducing new controls or implementing changes as appropriate to ensure safety in the workplace.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 1.2 Who should attend

Any person who has to manage risk and resources within their organisation.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 1.3 Learning objectives

On successful completion of the course, delegates should be able to:

Explain working safely Explain the component parts of a recognised safety management system such as HSG65 Identify the data and techniques required to produce an adequate record of an incident and demonstrate the procedure of an accident investigation, recognising human factors involved Describe the statutory requirements for reporting and procedures for checking non-reporting Describe methods of basic trend epidemiological analysis for reactive monitoring data Define hazard and risk, and describe the legal requirements for risk assessment

Demonstrate a practical understanding of a quantitative risk assessment technique and the data required for records Describe workplace precaution hierarchies Prepare and use active monitoring checklists and implement schedules for active monitoring, recording results and analysing records Outline the main provisions of the Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 and the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999

Outline relevant health and safety legislation, codes of practice, guidance notes and information sources such as the Health and Safety Executive

Module 1 Introduction and overview 1.4 Certification

An IOSH Managing Safely certificate is awarded to all those who enrol on this course and successfully complete both the online examination and practical assessment. Understanding of the course materials is evaluated by means of a 45 minute online examination consisting of 22 questions in multi-choice and short answer format and a practical assessment.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

2.0 Working Safely
In this course we will use working safely to mean working in ways which minimise the chance of you:

Being injured Injuring someone else Damaging your health Damaging someone elses health.

Injuries Injure yourself Injure other people Damage your health

Ill health Damage to someone elses health

From now on, we will use harm to mean injury or damage to health. Try to think of some types of harm that may occur in your workplace and note them in the table.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

2.1 Why important?

There are a number of reasons why we need to work safely. They can be summarised in three main groups; a) ethical and moral considerations, b) legal requirements and c) financial matters.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 2.1.1 a) Ethical and Moral Considerations

Most people would agree that, whatever risks they choose to take themselves, it is unacceptable to put other people at risk, particularly when this is done without their knowledge or consent. Put simply, everyone is entitled to feel confident that they will go home in one piece! No-one wants to suffer an injury or to see a colleague injured. Health and Safety Executive (HSE) statistics The reason that health and safety should be adequately managed is due to the fact that each year an average of 245 people are killed at work.

 The rate of fatal injury to workers also decreased in 2005/06, from 0.75 to 0.71 deaths per hundred thousand workers, a decrease of 5% and the lowest rate on record. There was a general downward trend in the rate in the 1990s, however it has risen twice since then, in 2000/01 and in 2003/04. Of the 212 fatal injuries to workers, 92 (43%) occurred in the two industries of construction (59) and agriculture, forestry and fishing (33). The provisional number of members of the public fatally injured in 2005/06 was 384, of which 254 resulted from acts of suicide or trespass on railways. The finalised figures for 2004/05 were 370 and 253 respectively.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 2.1.2 b) Legal Requirements

Health and safety legislation places a number of duties on employers and employees. Failure to carry out these duties can result in fines and, in extreme cases, imprisonment. We will look at various legal requirements later in the course. However, the basic principle is that every employee must take reasonable care for the safety of themselves and of others who may be affected by their acts or omissions.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 2.1.3 c) Financial Matters

Financial penalties should be obvious. If you are injured and cannot work, insurance will never fully compensate you for the financial loss. There is also the risk of being fined following action by the HSE.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

2.2 How much may not be recovered through insurance?

Uninsured costs vary between businesses and types of incident. They are, however, several times more than the insured costs. They can be likened to an iceberg. The costs recoverable through

insurance are visible. But hidden beneath the surface are the uninsured costs. Like an iceberg, most of the costs are not immediately visible. Insurance costs

Uninsured costs Studies have given different ratios for these insured to uninsured costs. 1. A study in a cheque-clearing department of a financial institution (a lower risk environment) found the insured: uninsured ratio to be 1:3.3. That means for every 1 recoverable from their insurance, the company had to meet a further 3.30 themselves. 2. HSE studies found that the insurance premium paid: uninsured losses ranged from 1:8 to 1:36. That meant for every 1 they paid in insurance premiums, the companies had to meet a further 8 to 36 themselves for losses arising from accidents.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 3.0 Introduction to the concept of a safety management system (HSG65)
In order to achieve the course aims, you need certain knowledge and skills. To provide a structure for your learning we will use a Health and Safety Executive (HSE) publication Successful Health and Safety Management which is more commonly known as HSG65. There are other guides to health and safety management but a quotation from HSG65 should make it clear why it has been chosen for this course:

Following the guidance is not compulsory and you are free to take other action. But if you do follow the guidance you will normally be doing enough to comply with the law. Health and safety inspectors seek to secure compliance with the law and may refer to this guidance as illustrating good practice. However, HSG65 is not set out in an ideal order for teaching so the course is divided into seven teaching modules of which this introduction is the first. We will now look at the HSG65 model and how it is linked with the course modules: Module 1 Module 2 Module 3 Module 4 Module 5 Module 6 Module 7 Introduction and overview Reactive monitoring Risk assessment and risk control Health and safety legislation Common hazards Active monitoring Safety management systems

This serves as both an introduction to HSG65 and as an overview of what we will be covering during the course.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

_____ reasons are a reason as to why health and safety must be managed. A. B. C. D. ? ? ? ? Legal All of these (ans) Financial Moral

Module 1 Introduction and overview 3.1 The main elements of HSG65

The following diagram shows all the sections of the HSG65 model:

Policy

There is a legal requirement to have a health and safety policy and many other aspects of safety management are subject to legal requirements.

Organising

Policies are implemented by people and this requires their continued motivation and involvement. The HSE has identified that successful organisations establish, operate and maintain systems for the four Cs (control, co-operation, communication, competence).

Planning and Implementing

A key aspect of planning is risk assessment since if we do not know what risks there are in our area we are in no position to manage them. There is a risk assessment and risk control module which deals with risk assessment in detail. Implementing is primarily concerned with the actions required to deal with specific types of hazards and implanting is mainly dealt with in the module on common hazards.

Measuring Performance

There are two parts to measuring performance, reactive monitoring and active monitoring. We will look at what these terms mean later in the course.

Reviewing Performance

The primary purpose of performance review is to organisations to learn by experience and use the lessons learned to improve their health and safety performance.

Auditing

Auditing is the process of obtaining a systematic and independent view of the health and safety performance of an organisation.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

State the first element of the HSG65 model. A. B. C. D. ? ? ? ? Reviewing Auditing Policy (ans) Organising

Module 1 Introduction and overview 3.2 Loss Management Model

The Successful Health and Safety Management model (HSG65) provides a general approach to health and safety management, but no more detail is required when we get to the management of specific losses such as injuries, damage, fires and ill health. This detail is provided by the loss management model. The diagram below shows the core elements in the loss management model as it is applied to incidents, which may be any of the losses just described. Each of the elements in the loss management model is explained in the notes which follow.

Reactive Monitoring

Reactive monitoring deals with the reporting, recording and analysis of loss data including injuries and ill health. It serves two main functions: 1) Using trend analysis, it monitors whether performance with respect to losses such as accidents is improving or deteriorating. 2) Using investigations of individual incidents which have happened, and epidemiological analyses of aggregated data, it enables us to learn from what has gone wrong in the past. There is a module on reactive monitoring which deals with these

functions and how they are carried out. Risk Assessment Risk assessment is concerned with identifying things which could go wrong, so that action can be taken before they do go wrong. Workplace Precautions etc Workplace precautions are those actions which are taken to reduce identified risks to an acceptable level. A wide range of workplace precautions are available, some more effective than others. Typical workplace precautions include machinery guards, personal protective equipment (PPE) and safe systems of work. Risk Control Systems ( RCSs ) Risk control systems ( RCSs ) are the systems required to ensure workplace precautions continue to operate. For example, the RCS for PPE would include such things as purchase arrangements, training in the use of the PPE, maintenance and storage. Active Monitoring Active monitoring is concerned with checking that workplace precautions and RCSs remain in place, and taking action when they are not. Review Review is the same as the review element of the HSG65 model.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.0 Environmental Management

Society has more influence in business today. Most organisations whose stakeholders are made up of an element of the public feel the need to ensure they comply with environmental issues as a matter of course. Pollution, waste management and energy control have led to increased legislation in the area of environmental management. In this course we will deal with a summary of the main pieces of environmental legislation:

Module 1 Introduction and overview 4.1 Legislation

In the UK we are bound by European and international agreements and protocols. Many agreements are voluntary and some are now national laws. The main legislation affecting organisations are as follows:

Module 1 Introduction and overview 4.2 The Environmental Protection Act 1990
The Environmental Protection Act 1990 places certain obligations on businesses to ensure that their waste is suitably contained and disposed of in a proper manner. The main duties under the Act are:

Section 34 (1)(b) It shall be the duty of any person who produces, keeps or disposes of controlled waste: to prevent the escape of waste from his control. Controlled waste includes domestic, commercial and industrial waste. You must package the waste in suitable containers so that it cannot fall out, blow away or escape from the receptacle. You must secure the waste against unauthorised removal as far as is reasonably practical. Security should be sufficient to prevent the breaking of containers and removal of waste by vandals, thieves, children, animals, accident or weather. Waste must not be placed outside for collection longer than necessary. It should only be placed on the footpath at, or near the scheduled collection time.

Section 34 (1)(c) It shall be the duty of any person on the transfer of the waste, to ensure: (i) that the transfer is only to an authorised person.

You must ensure that the person removing your waste is either a local council, registered carrier or holds a licence to dispose of waste. You are responsible for ensuring that your waste is disposed of properly and must ask for proof from your waste contractor that he is an authorised person. You must not place your waste on the footpath unless you have made proper arrangements for its collection by either your local council or a properly authorised waste contractor. To do so is an offence under the Act.

It shall be the duty of any person to ensure:

(ii) that there is transferred such a written description of the waste as will enable other persons to avoid a contravention and to comply with the duty as respects the escape of waste.

Each transfer of waste must be documented by means of a Duty Controlled Waste Transfer Note. This document must contain details of your organisation, the organisation to whom you are transferring the waste, the place of transfer and details of the nature and quantity of the waste being transferred. Regular uplifts of waste from your premises by the council, or suitability licensed waste contractor, may be covered by an annual transfer note. A copy of each transfer note requires to be kept by both you and the organisation collecting your waste for a period of two years.

It is an offence under the Act to dispose of your waste without an appropriate transfer note.

Module 1 Introduction and overview 4.3 Environment Act 1995

Apart from the requirement to produce a National Waste Strategy, this Act was largely concerned with changes to the legal and institutional arrangements for waste management. Some important points include:

The establishment and empowering of the Environment Agency to take on the role of Competent Authority under EU Directive 91/156/EEC on waste. The Environment Agency is a central authority replacing the National Rivers Authority, Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Pollution, Waste Regulation Authorities and sections of the Department of the Environment.

The introduction of the principal of BPEO for each waste stream. The prioritisation of selected waste streams such as tyres and construction wastes. The introduction of the Producer Responsibility Obligations Section 93 (Packaging Waste) Regulations. The repealing of waste disposal plans set up by local waste authorities under the 1990 Environmental Protection Act.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.4 Waste Minimisation Act 1998

This Act enabled waste collection authorities or waste disposal authorities to make arrangements to minimise the generation of controlled waste in their area (i.e. household, commercial or industrial waste). The Act also authorised the relevant authority to contribute towards the expense of making such arrangements for controlled waste generated in its area.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.5 The Hazardous Waste (England & Wales) Regulations 2005
This supersedes the Special Waste Regulations 1996 on defining hazardous wastes in order to conform to EU legislation on hazardous wastes. The regulations also detail how hazardous waste should be disposed of and the requirements for hazardous waste segregation unless permits are applied. Under these regulations premises where hazardous waste is produced at, or removed from, if not exempt, must be notified to the Environment Agency. The regulations also put restrictions on the removal/transport of hazardous waste from premises unless the premises have been notified to the Environment agency and a consignment note is produced.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.6 Greenhouse gases Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.7 Water Pollution
One of the main worries from an environmental point of view is the pollution of water, whether this is rivers, lakes, streams, seas and would also include ground waters.

Water pollution can occur via a number of ways including:

Incorrect drainage connections. Chemicals being washed into or disposed of into surface water drains. Accidental spillage of oils and chemicals during delivery operations.

Leakage of oils and chemicals from drums and tanks. Spillage of bulk foodstuffs.

Due to increased public awareness and concern over environmental matters it is important that companies do all they can to ensure that water pollution and any other form of pollution is prevented. The media has often focussed on companies who have caused pollution. The results to the company, from such a public display, have led to numerous related issues such as loss of public image and a loss of business as no one wants to be associated with a company whose lack of pollution control has been televised on such as large scale.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.8 Environmental Management Systems
With all the above legislation comes the requirement to have an environmental management system in place. This requirement is similar to the requirement to have a health and safety management system in place. It proves that you are aware of the environmental hazards and have operating procedures and controls in place to ensure that you are doing all that you can to reduce the environmental risk.

Such systems do have their benefits, including:

It can be a condition of getting a licence to operate. It enables effective cost control - as you can see where there may be problems/wastes etc and you can put control in place to not only reduce the risks but save the company money. It gives better access to product and capital markets. It improves relations with the general public - who would want to do business with a company who damages the environment?

Module 1 Introduction and overview 4.9 Waste Control

Waste is what businesses and organisations throw away because they no longer need it or want it.

Waste can have harmful effects on the environment so it needs to be adequately controlled.

How a company deals with waste from their organisation will depend on a number of factors:

The potential impact on the environment. Any specific legal requirements. Developments in best practice. The organisation's values and policy. The concerns of the stakeholders. Cost.

Waste can be controlled using the waste hierarchy.

Module 1 Introduction and overview

4.10 Waste Hierarchy
The waste hierarchy will help company's identify the best waste control solution.

Prevent - by changing the way you do things so that you eliminate certain kinds of waste.

Reduce - by using less packaging or improving efficiency.

Reuse - by putting materials back in to use instead of disposing of them.

Recover - by reprocessing waste so that it can be used, recycling waste materials to produce usable goods, like repulping paper, composting organic waste, using combustible waste as a fuel or turning organic waste into fuel.

Responsibly release or dispose of - taking into account of any relevant standards. Sometimes waste may need to be made harmless before it can be released.

Module 1 Introduction and overview Congratulations - end of lesson reached