The document discusses scientific notation, which is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized format. Scientific notation expresses numbers as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. For example, the number 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg written in scientific notation is 5.88 x 1024 kg. The document provides examples of converting numbers between scientific notation and standard form, and discusses applications of scientific notation in astronomy, biology, and other fields where very large or small values are common.
The document discusses scientific notation, which is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized format. Scientific notation expresses numbers as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. For example, the number 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg written in scientific notation is 5.88 x 1024 kg. The document provides examples of converting numbers between scientific notation and standard form, and discusses applications of scientific notation in astronomy, biology, and other fields where very large or small values are common.
The document discusses scientific notation, which is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized format. Scientific notation expresses numbers as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. For example, the number 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg written in scientific notation is 5.88 x 1024 kg. The document provides examples of converting numbers between scientific notation and standard form, and discusses applications of scientific notation in astronomy, biology, and other fields where very large or small values are common.
The document discusses scientific notation, which is a way to write very large or small numbers in a standardized format. Scientific notation expresses numbers as a value between 1 and 10 multiplied by a power of 10. For example, the number 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg written in scientific notation is 5.88 x 1024 kg. The document provides examples of converting numbers between scientific notation and standard form, and discusses applications of scientific notation in astronomy, biology, and other fields where very large or small values are common.
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2.
What are you going The Meaning of Scientific Notations
to learn? According to Astronomy, the weight of the earth À To express a number in the is about 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg and scientific notation the volume of the sun is about À To change a scientific notation 1,330,000,000,000,000 km 3 . How do you read the into a general form numbers? You might have some difficulties, since Key Terms those numbers are very large, and they have so • Scientific notation many zero digits. You might also have • Digit difficulties in reading the mass of a water • General form molecule. It is estimated that the mass is 0.00000000000000000003 gram.
To reduce the possibility of making mistakes in
reading or writing such numbers, we may use the method called scientific notation.
Scientific notation is a short way to write a very
large or a very small number. It is written as multiplication of two factors. The first factor is a number greater than or equal to 1 but less than 10, and the second factor is ten to the n th power.
a x 10n where n is an integer and 1 ≤ a < 10
Mathematics for Junior High School – Year 7/ 103
The Scientific Notation Before discussing the method to convert a number into a scientific notation, examine the following number of ten to the n th power.
10 4 = 10.000 There are 4 zeros on the right side of 1.
10 3 = 1000 There are 3 zeros on the right side of 1.
10 2 = 100 There are 2 zeros on the right side of
1 10 1 = 10 There is 1 ze ro on the right side of 1.
10 0 = 1 1 10 −1 = = 0 .1 There is 1 ze ro on the left side of 1. 101 1 10 − 2 = = 0.01 There are 2 zeros on the left side of 10 2 1 1 10 − 3 = = 0.001 There are 3 zeros on the left side of 1. 103 1 10 − 4 = = 0.0001 There are 4 zeros on the left side of 1. 10 4
Relation with the Real World
Astronomy . The weight of the earth is about 5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg. Write down this number in the scientific notation.
5,880,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
24 digits
= 5.88 x 1,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 = 5.88 x 10 24 The power of 10 is 24.
104 / Student’s Book – Fractions
Write down 0.000056 in scientific notation. 0.000056
5 places Move th e comma 5 places to the right to obtain the factor that is = 5.6 x 0,00001 greate r than 1 but less than 10. = 5.6 x 10 -5 The power of 10 is – 5
Relation with the Real World
Domestic spiders usually have a weight of 10 -4 kg.
Express the weight of the spider as a fraction and a decimal. 1 Definition of negative power 10 − 4 = The wolf spider is usually dark 104 brown. This spider hunts its 1 Simplify. preys at night. It runs much = 10000 faster than its preys do. The wolf spider cannnot build its = 0.0001 Expressed as a decimal. own web.
You can convert a number from its scientific
notation into its general form.
Write down (a) 1.9 x 10 5 and (b) 4.519 x 10 -4 into
general form.
A positive power shows a
a. 1.9 x 10 5 = 190000 great number. Move the comma 5 places 5 places to the right.
= 190,000
A negative power shows a
b. 4.519 x 10 -4 = 0004.519 small number. Move the comma 4 places to the left.
4 places
= 0.0004519
Mathematics for Junior High School – Year 7/ 105
1. Write the following numbers in scientific notations.
a. 45,600 b. 0.000000013 c. 80,000,000
d. 0.0002 e. 23,000 f. 0.0101
g. 0.000981 h. 250,000
2. Choose A, B, C, or D. Which of the following is
scientific notation of 0.000072?
A. 72 × 10 -6 B. 7.2 x 10 5 C. 7.2 x 0,00001 D. 7.2 x 10 -5
3. Write the following numbers into general forms.
a. 7 x 10 -9 b. 1.362 x 10 8 c. 4.02 x 10 -5 d. 7.89 x 10 6 e. 9.5 x 10 -1 f. 5 10 -4 g. 7 x 10 7 h. 3.6 x 10 -3
4. Choose A, B, C, or D. Which of the following
numbers is equal to 6 x 10 -4 ? 6 A. -60,000 B. 0.00006 C. D. -0.0006 10, 000
The average distance
to the sun 5. The inner temperature of the sun is greater than Earth Jupiter 16,000,000 0C. Write down scientific notation of the Mars Mercury Neptune temperature. Saturn Uranus Venus
6. Astronomy . Put in order the planets in the
figure on the left, based on their distances from
106 / Student’s Book – Fractions
the sun. Start from the one closest to the sun.
7. Biology. One litre equals to 10 6 cubic
millimetres (mm 3 ). There are 5 x 10 6 red-blood
cells in 1 mm 3 of blood. Use scientific notation to
express the number of the red-blood cells in 1 litre of human blood.
