Stress References
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Nature Reviews Immunology 5, 243251 1 !arch 2""5# $ do%&1".1"3'(nr%15)1
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&olk 'isdom has long suggested that stressful events take a toll on health. The field of psychoneuroimmunology (P()) is no' providing key mechanistic evidence a out the 'ays in 'hich stressors * and the negative emotions that they generate * can e
translated into physiological changes. P() researchers have used animal and human models to learn ho' the immune system communicates idirectionally 'ith the central
nervous and endocrine systems and ho' these interactions impact on health. To read this article in full you may need to log in, make a payment or gain access through a site license (see right).
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A prospective analysis of stress and academic performance in the first two years of medical school.
Stewart SM, Lam TH, Betson CL, Wong CM, Wong AM.
Department of Community Medicine and Personal Development and Counselling Centre, The University of Hong Kong.
AIM: This study provides prospective, longitudinal data on the relationship between stress-related measures and academic performance during the first two years of medical school. METHODS: First year medical students (n = 121) were surveyed prior to beginning classes (wave 1), and again 8 months later (wave 2). Personality variables predisposing to distress (optimism and trait anxiety), stress response (depression and state anxiety), and stress management strategies were assessed at wave 1 and wave 2. Pre-medical academic scores, and grades at the end of five assessment periods over the course of the first 2 years of medical school were also obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: As expected, premedical-school academic performance strongly predicted performance in medical school. Academic performance before and during medical school was negatively related to reported stress levels. On bivariate correlations, there were numerous significant relationships between stress reported at waves 1 and 2, and medical school academic performance assessed after these measures. In addition there were modest negative correlations between self-reported coping strategies of 'humour' and 'wishful thinking', and consequent academic performance. However, the predictive value of stress and its management on
prospective academic performance was much decreased once pre-medical-school performance was statistically controlled.
Oct 23 2008
in a month had lo"er 4P5/s than those "ho didn/t smo)e&9 said :r' #hlinger' 7-sing tobacco to calm do"n or @to be social/ is lo"ing students/ grades'9