Bearing Fits

7. Bearing Fits
7.1 Fitting
For rolling bearings, inner and outer rings are fixed on the shaft or in the housing so that relative movement does not occur between fitting surfaces during operation or under load. This relative movement between the fitting surfaces of the bearing and the shaft or housing can occur in a radial direction, an axial direction, or in the direction of rotation. Types of fitting include tight, transition and loose fitting, which may be selected depending on whether or not there is interference. The most effective way to fix the fitting surfaces between a bearing's raceway and shaft or housing is to apply a "tight fit." The advantage of this tight fit for thin walled bearings is that it provides uniform load support over the entire ring circumference without any loss of load carrying capacity. However, with a tight fit, ease of installation and disassembly is lost; and when using a non-separable bearing as the floating-side bearing, axial displacement is not possible. For this reason, a tight fit cannot be recommended in all cases. Increased noise and deteriorated rotational accuracy due to raceway groove deformation Please refer to insert pages A-96 A-99 for information concerning diagnosis of these conditions.

7.3 Fit selection

Selection of a proper fit is dependent upon thorough analysis of bearing operating conditions, including consideration of: Shaft and housing material, wall thickness, finished surface accuracy, etc. Machinery operating conditions (nature and magnitude of load, rotational speed, temperature, etc.) 7.3.1 "Tight fit" or "Loose fit" (1) For raceways under rotating loads, a tight fit is necessary. (Refer to Table 7.1) "Raceways under rotating loads" refers to raceways receiving loads rotating relative to their radial direction. For raceways under static loads, on the other hand, a loose fit is sufficient. (Example) Rotating inner ring load = the direction of the radial load on the inner ring is rotating relatively (2) For non-separable bearings, such as deep groove ball bearings, it is generally recommended that either the inner ring or outer ring be given a loose fit.

7.2 The necessity of a proper fit

In some cases, improper fit may lead to damage and shorten bearing life, therefore it is necessary to make a careful investigation in selecting a proper fit. Some of the bearing failure caused by improper fit are listed below. Raceway cracking, early flaking and displacement of raceway Raceway and shaft or housing abrasion caused by creeping and fretting corrosion Seizing caused by negative internal clearances

Table 7.1 Radial load and bearing fit

Illustration
Static load

Bearing rotation
Inner ring: Rotating Outer ring: Stationary

Ring load

Fit

Rotating inner ring load

Inner ring : Tight fit

Unbalanced load

Inner ring: Stationary Outer ring: Rotating

Static outer ring load

Outer ring : Loose fit

Static load

Inner ring: Stationary Outer ring: Rotating

Static inner ring load

Inner ring : Loose fit

Unbalanced load

Inner ring: Rotating Outer ring: Stationary

Rotating outer ring load

Outer ring : Tight fit

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Bearing Fits

7.3.2 Recommended Fits Bearing fit is governed by the selection tolerances for bearing shaft diameters and housing bore diameters. Widely used fits for 0 Class tolerance bearings and various shaft and housing bore diameter tolerances are shown in Table 7.1. Generally-used, standard fits for most types of bearings and operating conditions are shown in Tables 7.2 - 7.7. Table 7.2: Fits for radial bearings Table 7.3: Fits for thrust bearings Table 7.4: Fits for electric motor bearings Table 7.6: Fits for inch series tapered roller bearings (ANSI Class 4) Table 7.7: Fits for inch series tapered roller bearings (ANSI Class 3 and 0) Table 7.5. shows fits and their numerical values. For special fits or applications, please consult NTN Engineering. 7.3.3 Interference minimum and maximum values The following points should be considered when it is necessary to calculate the interference for an application: In calculating the minimum required amount of interference keep in mind that: 1) interference is reduced by radial loads 2) interference is reduced by differences between bearing temperature and ambient temperature 3) interference is reduced by variation of fitting surfaces The upper limit value should not exceed 1/1000 of the shaft diameter. Required interference calculations are shown below. (1) Radial loads and required interference Interference of the inner ring and shaft decreases when a radial load is applied to the bearing. The interference required to secure effective interference is expressed by formulae (7.1) and (7.2).
Fr 0.3 Cor 1/2 dF = 0.08 (dFr / B) 1/2 = 0.25 (dFr / B) Fr 0.3 Cor dF = 0.02 (Fr / B) = 0.2 (Fr / B) N kgf (7.1)

shown in formula (7.3).

dT = 0.0015dT (7.3) dT : Required effective interference for temperature difference m T : Difference between bearing temperature

and ambient temperature C

d : Bearing bore diameter mm

(3) Fitting surface variation and required interference Interference decreases because the fitting surface is smoothened by fitting (surface roughness is reduced). The amount the interference decreases depends on roughness of the fitting surface. It is generally necessary to anticipate the following decrease in interference. For ground shafts: 1.02.5m For lathed shafts: 5.07.0m (4) Maximum interference When bearing rings are installed with an interference fit, tension or compression stress may occur along their raceways. If interference is too great, this may cause damage to the rings and reduce bearing life. You should try to obtain the previously described upper limit. 7.3.4 Other details (1) Tight interference fits are recommended for, Operating conditions with large vibration or shock loads Applications using hollow shafts or housings with thin walls Applications using housings made of light alloys or plastic (2) Small interference fits are preferable for, Applications requiring high running accuracy Applications using small sized bearings or thin walled bearings (3) Consideration must also be given to the fact that fit selection will effect internal bearing clearance selection. (refer to page insert A-58)

Housing
JIS class 0 bearing
Dmp G6 G7 H7 H6 J6 J7 K6 K7 M6 M7 N6 N7 P6 P7 H8

N kgf

(7.2)

Where,
dF : Required effective interference according to radial load m d : Bearing bore diameter mm B : Inner ring width mm Fr : Radial load Nkgf Cor : Basic static load rating Nkgf
Loose fit

Transition fit Tight fit

Types of fits
Transition fit Tight fit
p6 n5 n6

(2) Temperature difference and required interference Interference between inner rings and steel shafts is reduced as a result of temperature increases (difference between bearing temperature and ambient temperature, T) caused by bearing rotation. Calculation of the minimum required amount of interference in such cases is

JIS class 0 bearing

dmp g5 g6 h5 h6 J5 J6

k5

k6

m5 m6

Shafts Fig 7.1 State of fitting

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Bearing Fits

(4) A particular type of fit is recommended for SL type cylindrical roller bearings.

Table 7.2 General standards for radial bearing fits (JIS Class 0, 6X, 6)
Table 7.2 (1) Tolerance class of shafts commonly used for radial bearings (classes 0, 6X and 6) Ball bearings Conditions Over
1

Cylindrical roller bearing Spherical roller bearing Tapered roller bearing Shaft diameter (mm) Over Under Over Under Cylindrical bore bearing (Classes 0, 6X and 6) 40 140 40 100 140 200 50 140 200 40 140 200 40 100 140 200 400 140 200 40 65 100 140 280 50 100 140 40 65 100 140 280 500 100 140 200

Shaft tolerance class

Remarks

Under 18 100 200 18 100 140 200 280

Light load or fluctuating load

18 100 18 100 140 200

h5 js6 k6 m6 js5 k5 m5 m6 n6 p6 r6 n6 p6 r6 g6

When greater accuracy is required js5, k5, and m5 may be substituted for js6, k6, and m6. Alteration of inner clearances to accommodate fit is not a consideration with single-row angular contact bearings and tapered roller bearings. Therefore, k5 and m5 may be substituted for k6 and m6. Use bearings with larger internal clearances than CN clearance bearings. When greater accuracy is required use g5. For large bearings, f6 will suffice for to facilitate movement. When greater accuracy is required use h5. Generally, shaft and inner rings are not fixed using interferance.

Table 7.2 (2) Fit with shaft (fits for tapered bore bearings (Class 0) with adapter assembly/withdrawal sleeve) All loads All bearing types All shaft diameters Tolerance class h9 / IT5 2 h10 / IT7
2

1 Standards for light loads, normal loads, and heavy loads Light loads: equivalent radial load 0.06 Cr Normal loads: 0.06 Cr equivalent radial load 0.12 Cr Heavy loads: 0.12 Cr equivalent radial load 2 IT5 and IT7 show shaft roundness tolerances, cylindricity tolerances, and related values. Note: All values and fits listed in the above tables are for solid steel shafts.

Inner ring rotational load or load of undetermined direction Inner ring static load

Ordinary load

Heavy load 1 or impact load Inner ring must move easily over shaft Inner does not have to move easily over shaft

Overall shaft diameter

Overall shaft diameter

h6

Center axial load

Overall shaft diameter

js6

Tapered bore bearing (class 0) (with adapter or withdrawal sleeve)

2

Overall load

Overall shaft diameter

h9/IT5

h10/IT7 will suffice for power transmitting shafts.

General applications Transmission shafts, etc.

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Bearing Fits

Table 7.2 (3) Tolerance class of housing bore commonly used for radial bearings (classes 0, 6X and 6) Conditions Housing Types of load Outer ring axial 2 direction movement Toleration class of housing bore

Remarks G7 will suffice for large bearings or bearings with large temperature differential between the outer ring and housing.

All types of loads Single housing or divided housing Outer ring static load Light load 1 or ordinary load 1 Shaft and inner ring become hot.

Able to move.

H7

Able to move.

H8 F7 will suffice for large bearings or bearings with large temperature differential between the outer ring and housing. Primarily applies to roller bearings. Primarily applies to ball bearings.

Able to move easily.

G7

Requires precision rotation with light or ordinary loads. Requires quiet operation. Light or ordinary load Single housing Indeterminate load Ordinary load or heavy load 1 Large impact load Light or fluctuating load Outer ring rotational load Ordinary or heavy load Heavy load or large impact load with thin housing

As a rule, cannot move. Able to move. Able to move. Able to move. As a rule, cannot move. Cannot move. Cannot move. Cannot move. Cannot move.

K6 JS6 H6 JS7 K7 M7 M7 N7 P7

If precision is required, JS6 and K6 are used in place of JS7 and K7.

Primarily applies to ball bearings. Primarily applies to roller bearings.

1 Standards for light loads, normal loads, and heavy loads Light loads: equivalent radial load 0.06 Cr Normal loads: 0.06 Cr equivalent radial load 0.12 Cr Heavy loads: 0.12 Cr equivalent radial load 2 Indicates whether or not outer ring axial displacement is possible with non-separable type bearings. Note 1: All values and fits listed in the above tables are for cast iron or steel housings. 2: If only center axial load is applied to the bearing, select a tolerance class that provides clearance for the outer ring in the axial direction.

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Bearing Fits

Table 7.3 Standard fits for thrust bearings (JIS Class 0 and 6)
Table 7.3 (1) Shaft fits Bearing type Load conditions Fit
Shaft diameter mm over incl.

Tolerance class

All thrust bearings Combined load

Centered axial load only Inner ring static load Inner ring rotating load or Indeterminate load

Transition fit Transition fit Transition fit Tight fit

All sizes All sizes 200 200 400 400

js6 or h6 js6 k6 or js6 m6 or k6 n6 or m6

Spherical roller thrust bearings

Table 7.3 (2) Housing fits Bearing type All thrust bearings Spherical roller thrust bearings Load conditions Centered axial load only Loose fit Combined load Outer ring static load Indeterminate load or outer ring rotating load Transition fit Fit Tolerance class Remarks

Select a tolerance class that will provide clearance between outer ring and housing. H8 H7 K7 M7 Normal operating conditions For relatively large radial loads Greater accuracy required with thrust ball bearings

Note: All values and fits listed in the above tables are for cast iron or steel housings.

Table 7.4 Fits for electric motor bearings Bearing type Deep groove ball bearings Cylindrical roller bearings Shaft fits Shaft diameter mm Tolerance class over incl. 18 18 100 100 160 40 40 160 160 200 j5 k5 m5 k5 m5 n6 Housing fits Housing bore Tolerance class diameter All sizes H6 or J6

All sizes

H6 or J6

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Bearing Fits

Table 7.5 Numeric value table of fitting for radial bearing of 0 class
Table 7.5 (1) Fitting against shaft Nominal bore diameter of bearing d mm over 3 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400 450 incl. 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400 450 500 high 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 low -8 -8 -8 -10 -12 -15 -20 -25 4T 9L 3T 11L 2T 14L 3T 16L 3T 20L 5T 23L 8T 27L 11T 32L 4T 12L 3T 14L 2T 17L 3T 20L 3T 25L 5T 29L 8T 34L 11T 39L 8T 5L 8T 6L 8T 8L 10T 9L 12T 11L 15T 13L 20T 15L 25T 18L 8T 8L 8T 9L 8T 11L 10T 13L 12T 16L 15T 19L 20T 22L 25T 25L 11T 2L 12T 2L 13T 3L 15T 4L 18T 5L 21T 7L 26T 9L 32T 11L 10.5T 2.5L 11T 3L 12T 4L 14.5T 4.5L 17.5T 5.5L 21.5T 6.5L 27.5T 7.5L 34T 9L 14T 2L 15T 2L 16T 3L 19T 4L 23T 5L 27T 7L 33T 9L 39T 11L Mean bore 1 diameter deviation dmp

g5
bearing shaft

g6
bearing shaft

h5
bearing shaft

h6
bearing shaft

j5
bearing shaft

js5
bearing shaft

j6
bearing shaft

-30

15T 35L

15T 44L

30T 20L

30T 29L

37T 13L

40T 10L

46T 13L

0 0 0

-35 -40 -45

18T 40L 22T 43L 25T 47L

18T 49L 22T 54L 25T 60L

35T 23L 40T 25L 45T 27L

35T 32L 40T 36L 45T 40L

42T 16L 47T 18L 52T 20L

46.5T 11.5L 52.5T 12.5L 58.5T 13.5L

51T 16L 58T 18L 65T 20L

1 Above table is not applicable to tapered roller bearings whose bore diameter d is 30mm or less.

Table 7.5 (2) Fitting against housing Nominal outside diameter of bearing D mm over 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 150 180 250 315 400 incl. 10 18 30 50 80 120 150 180 250 315 400 500 high 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 low -8 -8 -9 -11 -13 -15 -18 -25 -30 -35 -40 -45 5L 28L 6L 32L 7L 37L 9L 45L 10L 53L 12L 62L 14L 72L 14L 79L 15L 91L 17L104L 18L115L 20L128L 0 17L 0 19L 0 22L 0 27L 0 32L 0 37L 0 43L 0 50L 0 59L 0 67L 0 76L 0 85L 0 23L 0 26L 0 30L 0 36L 0 43L 0 50L 0 58L 0 65L 0 76L 0 87L 0 97L 0108L 4T 13L 5T 14L 5T 17L 6T 21L 6T 26L 6T 31L 7T 36L 7T 43L 7T 52L 7T 60L 7T 69L 7T 78L 7T 16L 8T 18L 9T 21L 11T 25L 12T 31L 13T 37L 14T 44L 14T 51L 16T 60L 16T 71L 18T 79L 20T 88L 7.5T15.5L 9T 17L 10.5T19.5L 12.5T23.5L 15T 28L 17.5T32.5L 20T 38L 20T 45L 23T 53L 26T 61L 28.5T68.5L 31.5T76.5L 7T 10L 9T 10L 11T 11L 13T 14L 15T 17L 18T 19L 21T 22L 21T 29L 24T 35L 27T 40L 29T 47L 32T 53L Mean outside2 diameter deviation Dmp

G7
housing bearing

H6
housing bearing

H7
housing bearing

J6
housing bearing

J7
housing bearing

Js7
housing bearing

K6
housing bearing

2 Above table is not applicable to tapered roller bearings whose outside diameter D is 150mm or less. Note: Fitting symbol "L" indicates clearance and "T" indicates interference.

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Bearing Fits

Unitm

js6
bearing shaft

k5
bearing shaft

k6
bearing shaft

m5
bearing shaft

m6
bearing shaft

n6
bearing shaft

p6
bearing shaft

r6
bearing shaft

Nominal bore diameter of bearing d mm over incl. 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400 450 500

12T 4L 12.5T 4.5L 13.5T 5.5L 16.5T 6.5L 20T 8L 24.5T 9.5L 31T 11L 37.5T12.5L

14T 1T 15T 1T 17T 1T 21T 2T 25T 2T 30T 2T 38T 3T 46T 3T

17T 1T 18T 1T 20T 1T 25T 2T 30T 2T 36T 2T 45T 2T 53T 3T

17T 4T 20T 6T 23T 7T 27T 8T 32T 9T 39T11T 48T13T 58T15T

20T 4T 23T 6T 26T 7T 31T 8T 37T 9T 45T11T 55T13T 65T15T

24T 8T 27T10T 31T12T 38T15T 45T17T 54T20T 65T23T 77T27T

28T 12T 32T 15T 37T 18T 45T 22T 54T 26T 66T 32T 79T 37T 93T 43T

3 6 10 18 30 50 80 120 140 160 180 200 225 250 280 315 355 400 450

113T 63T 115T 65T 118T 68T 136T 77T 139T 80T 143T 84T 161T 94T 165T 98T 184T108T 190T114T 211T126T 217T132T

44.5T14.5L

54T 4T

63T 4T

67T17T

76T17T

90T31T

109T 50T

51T 16L 58T 18L 65T 20L

62T 4T 69T 4T 77T 5T

71T 4T 80T 4T 90T 4T

78T20T 86T21T 95T23T

87T20T 97T21T 108T23T

101T34T 113T37T 125T40T

123T 56T 138T 62T 153T 68T

Unitm

K7
housing bearing

M7
housing bearing

N7
housing bearing

P7
housing bearing

Nominal outside diameter of bearing D mm over incl. 10 18 30 50 80 120 150 180 250 315 400 500

10T 13L 12T 14L 15T 15L 18T 18L 21T 22L 25T 25L 28T 30L 28T 37L 33T 43L 36T 51L 40T 57L 45T 63L

15T 8L 18T 8L 21T 9L 25T 11L 30T 13L 35T 15L 40T 18L 40T 25L 46T 30L 52T 35L 57T 40L 63T 45L

19T 4L 23T 3L 28T 2L 33T 3L 39T 4L 45T 5L 52T 6L 52T 13L 60T 16L 66T 21L 73T 24L 80T 28L

24T 1T 29T 3T 35T 5T 42T 6T 51T 8T 59T 9T 68T10T 68T 3T 79T 3T 88T 1T 98T 1T 108T 0

6 10 18 30 50 80 120 150 180 250 315 400

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Bearing Fits

Table 7.6 General fitting standards for tapered roller bearings using US customary unit (ANSI class 4)
Table 7.6 (1) Fit with shaft Nominal bearing bore diameter d mm over incl. 76.2 76.2 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 76.2 76.2 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 76.2 76.2 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 76.2 76.2 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 Bore diameter tolerance ds high low +13 +25 +51 +76 +13 +25 +51 +76 +13 +25 +51 +76 +13 +25 +51 +76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shaft diameter tolerance high + 38 + 64 +127 +190 low + 25 + 38 + 76 +114 Fitting max 38T 64T 127T 190T
1

Unitm

Operating conditions

Remark min 12T 13T 25T 38T Applicable when slight impact load is applied as well.

Table 7.6 (2) Fit with housing Nominal bearing outer diameter D mm over incl. 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 914.4 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 914.4 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 914.4 76.2 127.0 304.8 609.6 914.4 Outer diameter tolerance Ds high low +25 +25 +25 +51 +76 +25 +25 +25 +51 +76 +25 +25 +25 +51 +76 +25 +25 +25 +51 +76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Housing bore diameter tolerance high + 76 + 76 + 76 +152 +229 + 25 + 25 + 51 + 76 +127 13 25 25 25 25 13 25 25 25 25 low + 51 + 51 + 51 +102 +152 0 0 0 + 26 + 51 - 38 - 51 - 51 - 76 -102 - 38 - 51 - 51 - 76 -102 Fitting max 26L 26L 26L 51L 76L 25T 25T 25T 25T 25T 63T 76T 76T 127T 178T 63T 76T 76T 127T 178T
1

Operating conditions

1 Fitting symbol "L" indicates clearance and "T" indicates interference.

Inner ring rotational load Outer ring rotational load Inner ring rotational load Outer ring rotational load

Ordinary load

Heavy load Impact load Inner ring does not have to move easily over shaft with ordinary load. Inner ring must move easily over shaft with ordinary load.

+ 64 + 38 38T 12T 0.5 m mean interference per 1 mm of inner ring bore diameter. Minimum interference is 25 m. Tolerance for the shaft is adjusted to match tolerance of bearing bore diameter. + + + + 13 25 51 76 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 13 25 51 76 13T 25T 51T 76T 0 0 0 0 13L 25L 51L 76L 13L 50L 102L 152L

Not applicable when impact load is applied.

Unitm

Types of fit min 76L 76L 76L 152L 229L 25L 25L 51L 76L 127L 13T 25T 25T 25T 25T 13T 25T 25T 25T 25T

When used on floating- or fixed side

loose fit

When outer ring is adjusted in axial direction

transition fit

When outer ring is not adjusted in axial direction

tight fit

When outer ring is not adjusted in axial direction

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Bearing Fits

Table 7.7 General fitting standards for tapered roller bearings using US customary unit (ANSI classes 3 and 0)
Table 7. (1) Fit with shaft Nominal bearing bore diameter d mm over incl. 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 76.2 76.2 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 Bore diameter tolerance ds high low +13 +25 +38 +13 +13 +25 +38 +13 +25 +38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Shaft diameter tolerance high + 30 + 64 +102 low + 18 + 38 + 64 Fitting max
Unitm
1

Operating conditions

min

Precision machine tool spindles Heavy load Impact load High-speed rotation Precision machine tool spindles

30T 5T 64T 13T 102T 26T

Table 7.7 (2) Fit with housing Nominal bearing outer diameter D mm over incl. 152.4 304.8 609.6 152.4 304.8 609.6 152.4 304.8 609.6 914.4 152.4 304.8 609.6 914.4 Outer diameter tolerance Ds high low +13 +13 +25 +38 +13 +13 +25 +38 +13 +13 +13 +38 +13 +13 +25 +38 +13 +13 +25 +38 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Housing bore diameter tolerance high + + + + + + + + + + + + 38 38 64 89 25 25 51 76 13 13 25 38 0 0 0 0 13 13 13 13 low + + + + + + + + 25 25 38 51 13 13 25 38 0 0 0 0 13 25 25 38 25 38 38 51 Fitting max 12L 12L 13L 13L 0 0 0 0 13T 13T 25T 38T 26T 38T 50T 76T 38T 51T 63T 89T
1

1 Fitting symbol "L" indicates clearance and "T" indicates interference.

Note: For class 0, bearing outer diameter D applies to 304.8 mm or less.

Outer ring Inner ring rotational load rotational load Inner ring rotational load Outer ring rotational load

Minimum interference is 0.25 m per inner ring bore diameter.

+ 13 + 25 +102

0 0 0

30T 5T 64T 13T 102T 26T

Note: For class 0, bearing bore diameter d applies to 241.3 mm or less.

Unitm

Operating conditions

Type of fit min 38L 38L 64L 89L 25L 25L 51L 76L 13L 13L 25L 38L 0 0 0 0 13T 13T 13T 13T

When used for floating-side

loose fit

When used for fixed side

When outer ring is adjusted in axial direction When outer ring is not adjusted in axial direction Ordinary load When outer ring is not adjusted in axial direction

152.4 152.4 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 152.4 152.4 304.8 304.8 609.6 609.6 914.4 152.4 304.8 609.6 152.4 304.8 609.6 914.4

transition fit

tight fit

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