Mathematics Formula Sheets Master Copy 2011

TRIM: 2010/5118[V4] Copyright Curriculum Council 2011
Formula sheets for

Mathematics examinations

Please note the word version of the Formula sheets document requires the plug-in 'MathType' to
view correctly, if you do not have this we recommend downloading the PDF version.

Formula sheets for examinations

The list of permissible items for use in WACE mathematics examinations no longer includes the
Curriculum Council revised Mathematical formulae and Statistical tables book.

Instead a Formula Sheet will be provided to candidates.

This document includes formula sheets for each pair of units in Mathematics which have a
WACE examination.

Copyright Panitia Mathematics SMK Sungai Pelek
Mathematics:Formula Sheet

Number and algebra

Equation of a line: y = mx + c, where m = gradient; c = yintercept

Space and measurement

opposite adjacent opposite
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
In a right triangle: sin cos tan u u u = = =
2 2 2
Pythagoras Theorem:
In a right triangle , where , are the short sides and is the hypotenuse ABC a b c
c a b = +

2
Circle: 2 , where is the circumference, is the radius and is the diameter
, where is the area
C r D C r D
A r A
t t
t
= =
=
1
2
Triangle: , where is the base and is the perpendicular height A bh b h =
Parallelogram: A bh =
1
2
Trapezium: ( ) , where and are the lengths of the parallel sides
and is the perpendicular height
= + A a b h a b
h

Prism: where is the volume, is the area of the base and
is the perpendicular height
V Ah, V A
h
=

1
Pyramid: A
3
V h =
2
2
Cylinder : 2 2 , where is the total surface area S r h r S
V r h
t t
t
= +
=

2
2
1
3
Cone : , where is the slant height = +
=
S r s r s
V r h
t t
t
2
3
4
3
Sphere : 4 S r
V r
=
=
t
t
2 1
1 1 2 2
2 1
Gradient of line, , through the points ( , ) and ( , ) is given by
y y
x x
m x y x y m

=
2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
Distance, , between the points( , ) and ( , ) is given by ( ) ( ) d x y x y d y y x x = +
Note: Any additional formulas identified by the examination panel as necessary will be
included in the body of the particular question

Mathematics: Formula Sheet

Number and algebra

Index laws:
For any numerical value 0 and integers and ,
m n m n
a m n
a a a
+
=
=

m n m n
a a a

=

Simple interest : I , where is the principal, is the rate per year and is the time in years P r t P r t =


opposite adjacent opposite
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent
In a right triangle: sin cos tan u u u = = =

2 2 2
Pythagoras Theorem:
In right triangle , where , are the short sides and is the hypotenuse ABC a b c
c a b = +

2 2 2
2 2 2
sin sin sin
2
1
2
In any triangle :
2 cos cos
sin , where is the area
a b c
A B C
b c a
bc
ABC
a b c bc A A
A ab C A
+
= =
= + =
=
2
, where is the area
C r D C r D
A r A
t t
t
= =
=
1
2
1
2
= + A a b h a b
h

V Ah, V A
h
=

1
Pyramid: A
3
V h =
2
2
V r h
t t
t
= +
=

Copyright Curriculum Council 2011
2
2
1
3
=
S r s r s
V r h
t t
t
2
3
4
3
Sphere : 4 S r
V r
=
=
t
t


2 1
1 1 2 2
2 1
Gradient of line, , through the points ( , ) and ( , ) is given by
y y
x x
m x y x y m

=

2 2
1 1 2 2 2 1 2 1
Distance , between the points( , ) and ( , ) is given by ( ) ( ) d x y x y d y y x x = +

1 2
Lines are perpendicular if 1 m m =

Chance and Data

( ) ( ) 1 P A P A + =

included in the body of the particular question.

Mathematics: Formula Sheet

Number and algebra

Index laws: For , 0 a b > and m ,n real,
( )
0
( ) ( )
1
1
for an integer and a positive integer
+

= = =
= = =
= =
m m m m n m n m n mn
m
m m n
m n
m
m
n n
m
n
a b ab a a a a a
a
a a a
a a
a a a m n

Simple interest : I , where is the principal, is the rate per year and is the time in years Prt P r t =

( )
Compound interest :
1 compounded annually
(1 ) compounded times a year
t
nt
r
n
A P r
A P n
= +
= +

1 1
Differentiation: If ( ) , then ( )
Powers: If ( ) , then ( ) or If , then
n n n n
dy
dx
dy
dx
f x y f x
f x x f x n x y x n x

' = =
' = = = =

then ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Product rule: If ( ) ( ) or If
then
du dv
y f x g x f x g x v u
dx dx
y f x g x y uv
dy
dx
' ' ' = + = +
= =

1
1
Integration : , 1
n
n
x
n
x dx c n
+
+
= + =
}

1
Antiderivative: Given then y= , 1
1
n
n
dy x
x c n
dx n
+
= + =
+


2 2 2
2 2 2
sin sin sin
2
1
2
In any triangle :
2 cos cos
sin , where is the area
a b c
A B C
b c a
bc
ABC
a b c bc A A
A ab C A
+
= =
= + =
=


2
, where is the area
C r D C r D
A r A
t t
t
= =
=
1
2
1
2
= + A a b h a b
h

V Ah, V A
h
=

1
Pyramid: A
3
V h =
2
2
V r h
t t
t
= +
=

2
2
1
3
=
S r s r s
V r h
t t
t
2
3
4
3
Sphere : 4 S r
V r
=
=
t
t

Chance and data

( ) ( ) 1 P A P A + =

In a normal distribution approximately:
68% of values lie within one (1) standard deviation of the mean
95% of values lie within two (2) standard deviations of the mean
99.7% of values lie within three (3) standard deviations of the mean.

included in the body of the particular question.

Mathematics: Units 3C and 3D
Formula sheet

Number and algebra

1
If ( ) then ( ) If ( ) then ( )
If ( ) then ( )
n n
x x
dy
f x y f x f x x f x n x
dx
f x e f x e
' ' = = = =
' = =

then ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Product rule:
If ( ) ( ) or If
then
du dv
y f x g x f x g x v u
dx dx
y f x g x y uv
dy
dx
' ' ' = + = +
= =

2 2
( )
( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ( ))
Quotient rule:
If or If
then then
f x
g x
du dv
f x g x f x g x
dx dx
g x
u
y y
v
v u
dy
y
dx v
' '
= =
' = =

( )
Chain rule:
If ( ( )) or If ( ) and =g
then ( ( )) ( ) then
dy du
du dx
y f g x y f u u x
dy
y f g x g x
dx
= =
' ' ' = =

1
Powers , 1 Exponentials
1
: :
x
n
n
x
x
x dx c n e dx e c
n
+
= + = = +
+
} }

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus :
and
x b
a a
d
f t dt f x f x dx f b f a
dx
' = =
} }

Incremental formula :
dy
dx
y x ~ o o

Exponential growth and decay :
If , then
kt
dy
dt
ky y Ae = =



2
, where is the area
C r D C r D
A r A
t t
t
= =
=
1
2
1
2
= + A a b h a b
h

V Ah, V A
h
=

1
Pyramid: A
3
V h =
2
2
V r h
t t
t
= +
=

2
2
1
3
=
S r s r s
V r h
t t
t
2
3
4
3
Sphere : 4 S r
V r
=
=
t
t

2
2
Volume of solids of revolution :
V rotated about the x axis
V , rotated about the y axis
y dx
x dy
t
t
=
}
=
}

Chance and data

Probability laws:
( ) ( ) 1 P A P A + =
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) P A B P A P B P A B = +
( ) ( ) ( / ) ( ) ( / ) P A B P A P B A P B P A B = =
Binomial distributions :
Mean : and standard deviation : (1 ) np np p o = =

A confidence interval for the mean of a population is :
where is the population mean, is the population standard deviation and
where is the sample mean, is the sample size and
z is the
n n
x z x z
x n
o o
o
s s +
cut off value on the standard normal distribution corresponding to the confidence level.

Note: Any additional formulas identified by the examination panel will be included in the body
of the particular question.

Mathematics Formula Sheets Master Copy 2011

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TRIM: 2010/5118[V4] Copyright Curriculum Council 2011

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