Lunar Sample Tool Catalog

CATALOG O F APOLLO LUNAR SURFACE GEOLOGICAL SAMPLIHG TOOLS AND CONTAINERS
Ju$ith Haley Allton h k k e d Engineeping and Sciences Company He~uston, Texas
Prepared for NASA/JS@Solar Systein Explora~on Division Conrracr NAS 9-17900, Job Ordu J2-560
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
Lyndon B. Sshnsew Space Center Houston, Texas
CATALOG OF APOLLO LUNAR SURFACE GEOLOGICAL SAMPLING TOOLS AND CONTAINERS
Table of Contents
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FOREWORD INTRODUCTION PART I. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS A.Tools used to collect lunar rocks and soils Contact Soil Sampling Device Contingency soil sampler Core Tube Drill Extension Handle Hammer Lunar rover soil sampler Rake Scoop Tongs Trenching tool
B. Tools used to support sample selection and documentation Brush-scriber-lens Gnomon Weight scale
C. Tool carriers
D. Containers used to package rocks, soils and other samples on the moon Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container (ALSRC) Core Sample Vacuum Container (CSVC) Documented sample bag Gas Analysis Sample Container (GASC) Lunar Environment Sample Container (LESC) Magnetic Shield Sample Container (MSSC) Organic sample monitor bag Protective padded sample bag Special Environment Sample Container (SESC)
E. Containers used to carry rocks and soils on the moon Sample collection bag (SCB) Weigh bag
1 .LIST OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS WITH WEIGHT PART 1 SUMMARIES FOR EACH APOLLO MISSION
Apollo 11 Apollo 12 Apollo 14
Inventory of tools and conbiners i r & Space Museum, Smithsonim Ins~tuaion National A Public Affairs Office, Johnson Space Center Lunx Smple Ckarator, Johnson Space Center Techicd Semites D i ~ s i o nJohson , Space Center
Inside hack ccaver
GLOSSARY OF ACRO
Among their other monumeratd milestones, the Apolbo missions to the Moon achieved the frst collection of extraterrestrid materials for return to Earth. Two generations of scientists x a w d the world have dedicated major portions of their lives to study of the 332 kg of rocks and soils that were collected, i n tot&, by the six mamed expeditions (Apollo 11, 12,14, 15,16, m d 17) during 1%9-72. Indeed, avadabaty of lunar samples for laboratory analysis revolutionized plmetaq science by & i ~ s gophistiation of both the necessary andytical technology and the bterpretive models for origin and evolution of the solar system.
An essential ingredient i n the scientZc success of Apsllo was design3 fabrimtion, and operation of tools and
c o n t h e r s for coUectkg and preserving the l u n a smples. Major effort was invested i n buildkg hadware to meet shrbgent scientiFPc r e q ~ e m e r a t s for naon-contminaB.ion of samples wMe aemhirag ~ t constraints h of she, weight, power, and operabiliQ by presswe-sllited astronauts. Some took and c o n t h e r s worked very well as originally designed whereas others required revisions, based on experience gained during e a l y missions. In ail cases, the devices were operated with the greatest possible skill and resowcefhess by the asuonauts on the lunar surface -- a factor that is difficult to translate into systems desiped for robotic operation. As NASA embarks on its nex2 initiative for exploration of the s o l a system, geologic s a m p h g missions r e s n ~ n key features in all scenarios. Accordkdy, it is essentid that the Apollo sampling experience be used to full g future s a m p h g activities, whether they be robotic missions or missions piloted by human crews. Regadess of whether the missions aim at the Moon, Mars m d its moons (Phobos and Dehos), or more distant targets such as asteroids and comets, aEl s a m p h g activities will share a certain minianurn set of common gods and problems. Apollo represented the first hplementation of those gods m d the first confrontation with the attendant problems. Athou& many volumes have been written about scientific results of lunar-smple studies, descriptions of sample tools and contakers used on the Pmar surface have r e m b e d scattered m o n g h t e r n d reports that have become more igliaccessible with t h e . This report summarkes the hardware that was used to collect m d preserve lunar samples until the time that they were degvered to the receiving Paboratoy and curatorid facility at the $o+hsoa% Space Center. The catalog format was chosen to indi~dudlyfeature tools and containers for engmeering purposes, with a minximum m o u n t of ancidlay descriptions. Emphasis was placed on summarking iin~portalt physical characteristics (dimensions, weight, power, matcrids of construction); where known, references to original technicd documents we cited. No atten~pt has beer1 rniade to chronrcie deve%opmenk or testing of the h a d w a e although, n e r mentioned. In some when h o r n , experiences that cxerrcd major hfluence on design or modifications a cases, the passage of time has been too great and the recoverabbe hiormation is uraavoidabhy hcompIete. Findl6v; an appendb s h o ~ i n g various hve-wtori~s s f flight-spaire of protoQph: dewces is kclanded to asskt futwe tool md cont&qer ddsigners who naight bind it important tcs &re~tly inspect hard>~r;nre. Althtsu& this catalog was ctsnceiaed and cievelopcd at my hitiatr~~c md dkection, full credit for its successfuI completicaxa must go to Judy Allton who p ~ n s t d k i ~ d rcsemched, y comgsiled, m d remeasaare,,d e v e v item to the futlest possble extent. James L. Csodiag Solar Syste~n Exploration Division NASAJLyndon B. Johnson Space Center February 27,1989
OPERATIONAL REQUB-EmNTS Since the tools and containers used on the moon were handled by astronauts in space suits, tools bad special operational requirements. Space suit gloves were bulky, stiff and fatiguing to operate. The sense of touch was greatly diminished. Therefore, Eage gripping surfaces were needed. Weight and volume were carefuliy rationed, so the tools and containers were made as light-weight m possible, Mechanisnls were designed to accoinodate the abrasive, fine lunar dnst. ?Aaterials had to wiehsunb the lunar thermal range of 100 to 380M. In addition, for crew a~;d spacecraft safety NASA had restriceions on flammability and outgassing charactepistiss of materials carened a h x d the Apnlio vehicles.
2 ; the packing list for each of the ApoIlo Lunx Sample Return Conbiners (ALSRG, the rock boxes) and 3) photographs taken on the lunar surface. The Flight Stowage List details each observable piece of equipment packed into the Lunar Module; tools and containers relating to lunar sampling were identified from the list. Gaps in the data arose because some items were packed inside of others. Since tools and containers packed inside of the L S R C were not itemized on the stowage list, the packing list for the L S R C was used to verify these flight objects. Due to imprecise nonienclature in a few cases, configuration of the object was deduced from weight compared to a known configuration. Conclusions based on data other than those given here are explained in footnotes.
: Most hardware weights cited in this catalog were taken from the Flight Stowage Lists (weights given to the nearest 0.1 Zb) or the ALSRC packing lists (weights given t o the nearest gram). Averages of similar objects were used. Exceptions were made if the weight systematically changed by mission, indicating modification of the object. In this circumstance, the weight from the latest mission was used, since, presumably, the object was improved in later versions. WeigR~ tzken from other sources are footnoted.
SGTENTIF: C REQUIREMENTS
To insure that important scientific arlalyses were not compromised by conkmination from the tools or containers, the scientific cornmunil). proposed use of certain materials. They recommended that materials for tools and conlainers be selected to minimize contamination from Pb,U, Th, Li, Be, B, K, Rb, Sr, noble gases, rare earths, micro-organisms and organic compounds. Acceptable materials included aluminurn alloy 6061 and 300 series stainless steel, which were the main stsuctrrra.1 components of tools. Teflon was the only acceptable plaslic, although Viton was acceptable for backup, exterior seals. MoS2 was agreed upon for a lubricant, as was use of sole kdiirrn metal for sealing surfaces, In practice flilor~siliconewas used instead of 'Viton on the rock box seals. Post-mission sample analyses showed that bradtu~ninterfered with dztecticn of siderophile elements.
Dimensions: Engineering drawings provided the dimensions for d l of the equipment fabricated by NASA sand for some of the conuactar-made hardware. Footnotes indicate if dimensions were derived by direct measurement of a typical or a sirnilax object or if the dimensions are estimated. -I/fatenals: c or alloys are speafied, - When s p ~ i f i cornpun& the data were @en from engineering dsawmgs. General descrip~ve tirms like "al~minum" or "teflon" were deduced from thc appearance of the ohgeet or rndlrectly from enganeenng ilrawmg ieferences to parts bemg anodnzed. Excepuons so these dak bources are focstraa~d.
The informatioii in this catalog was ohlkned for each tool or conkiner ky part name or pare number hat was assigned by its manufacturer or by the Apollo project. Neither park narncls nor p a t nuv~ibers were consistent across all data sees. Where practical, teals and c o n ~ w e r s are grouped by simple names used in earlier literature, Significant ua-n-lationsin I x ( ~$ s, configwadon are descri'oed separately, wit{-kin Q E~~~ ( I Fa the names of these configurations wen: rrgodificd by Ihc author to distliiguish the physical differences in the objects (lighter weight, shorter, etc.)
Missions: Three basic types of records were used for dixumentirag the flight histcries of the toeis :n ibis catalog: Z 'j the Flight Stswage L l s for ~ cach rr~issiitrnn(except for the ApdILo I I l i s t which c~juidnot be 8oc:aied for rhis study; Surade bnforruiotiosa C'tszalog,Apullo 11 -was aascd inaluidj,
PART 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS
A. TOOLS AND CONTAINERS USED TO COLLECT LUNAR ROCKS AND SOIL

Contact Soil Sampling Device Contingency soil sampler Core tube Drill Extension Handle Hammer Lunar rover soil sampler Rake Scoop Tongs Trenching tool
CONTACT SOIL SAMPLING DEVICE
Fig. 1 (A ,left) Contact Soil Sampling Device open in the sampling position. (A,right) Device closed for stowage after sampling. (B, left) Device open showing beta cloth sampler. (B, right) Device open showing velvet cloth sampler (NASA photo S72-43792).
IMENSIONS:
DIMENSIONS OF SAMPLE PAD: 9.5 X 10.6 cm hMNUFACTURER: NASA, Johnson Space Center APOLLO MISSIONS: Two Contact Soil Sampling Devices (Fig. 1) were flown only on Apollo 16 to collect special samples of the uppermost layers of lunar regolith. One device had a sampling pad covered with beta cloth, and the other had a pad covered with velvet. OPERATION: To sample regolith undisturbed by the descent engine on the lunar lander or dirt scattered by human activities, the astronauts cautiously approached a large boulder far away from the lander. They carefully extended the sampler down to the protected surface on the farside of the boulder using a long handle for that purpose [18,26].
MATERIALS: The devices were identical except for the material comprising the sampling pad. The boxes and the sampling pad supports were aluminum alloy 6061-T6. These devices contained more organics and other materials that were typically avoided in lunar sampling tools and containers. Inside the box in the immediate sample environment were: I Seal silicone rubber tubing Adhesive primer SS-4120 (General Electric Silicone Products) RTV- 102 (General Electric Silicone Products) Adhesive primer R5001(3 CO.) EA 954 (Hysol Div., Dexter Corp.)
CONTACT SOIL SAh5PLING DEVICE

BETA CLOTH SAMPLER
USE: The beta cloth sampler (Fig. 2) was designed to sample the uppennost 100 pm of the lunx regolith. MATERIUS: The sampling pad was covered with beta cloth, teflon-coated beta yam type X4484 (Owens Corning Fiberglas Corp.) (Fig. 3.)
VELVET CLOTH SAMPLER

USE: The velvet cloth sampler was designed to sample the uppermost 1 mm of lunar regolith. MATERIALS: The sahpling pad was covered with white nylon velvet, TL-390 (Martin Fabrics, 3.B. Martin CQ.) (Fig. 4). Fig. 3. Close-up of Be& cloth sample pad containing i i i r i ~ sample 69003 along right-hand side of pad. The small weight of soil recovered on this device has not been removed from the pad for analysis (NASA photo S75-20313).
Fig. 2. Beta cloth Contact Soil Sampling Device as received in the laboratory, with lunar dust adhering (NASA photo $72-39186).
Fig. 4. Close-up of velvet cloth sample pad containing lunar sample 69004. The small amount of sample recovered on this a d has not been removed for analysis (NASA photo S75-202%).
CONTINGENCY SOIL SAMPLER
Fig. 5. Space-suieed person testing contingency soil sampler in simuhted lunar regolith (XASA photo S69-31048).
Fig 0. Contingeilcy soh$ sm~pier ias extended corrfigtararion (NASA p%~c?to SSM-549'i7, br:ewkng from [351),
CONTINGENCY SOIL SAMPLER

The contingency soil sampler (Figs. 5-7) was a device which allowed the aslronaues to quickly take a soil sample very soon after they stepped out on the lunar surface. The sample was $alien near the Lunar Module and stored for ascent (Eakeoff), to insure that some lunar soil would be returned to Earth in the event of an emergency.
W I S I F P : 1200 g was an average weight for "Container, contingency sample, soft" for missions 12, 14 and 15 as given in the flight stowage lists. Author has assumed that this was the contingency sampler, although the weight appears to be greater than tools of comparable size (see LRV Soil Sampled. DImNSIONS: photos.
The dimensions were estimated from
ACWRER: The contingency sampler was not M made by NASA. It may have been Union Carbide, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge, TN APOLLO WIISSIONS: The contingency sampler was taken on missions 11, 12, 14 and 15. M A E R I K S : The bag was made of ~ f l o n [35].
Fig. 7. Contingency soil mmpler in folded configuration WASA photo S68-54939)-
10
CORE TUBE
Fig. 8. A 2-cm diameter core tube, attached to a shorter style extension handle, is being driven into the regolith at the Apollo 12 site (NASA photo AS12-49-7243). Two styles of core tubes were used on the moon to obtain continuous soil columns down to 70 cm in depth pigs. 818). The initial style, used on the early missions, was a thick-walled, small diameter tube called a core tube. This tube was designed to be easily opened in the laboratory; however, the soil column obtained in this type tube was disturbed by the collection process. Therefore, a wider diameter tube with thinner walls was designed and fabricated for the last three missions. This tube was called a drive tube to distinguish it horn the earlier core tube (both tubes took cores and both tubes were driven into the regolith). A soil column collected in a drive tube was not significantly distorted by the coring process [28]. MANUFACTURER: NASA, Johnson Space Center
2-CM DIAMETER CORE TUBE
WEIGHTS: Core tube Inner sleeve (split liner) Follower Adapter (plug) Pin Bit cap Cap dispenser with 4 caps Cap dispenser with 3 caps & chisel bit DIMENSIONS:
94 g 46 g
5.5g
63 g 20 g 70 g 28 g 168 g 311 g
31.8 cm inside length containing soil 2.0 cm inside diameter
777
t
180'
/"
Foi!ower
Shell core holder !2)
Sand
Fig. 9 Components of a 2-cm diameter core tube. Dimensions are given in inches. Diagram modified from 121.
Fig. 10. Apollo 2-crn diameter core tubes showing two styles of bit. The upper two tubes have inverted funnel-shaped bits typical of Apollo I I . These bits, designed for use In fluffy soil, did not work well in the relatively dense lunx soil. The tapered bit on the bottom core tube was used on Apollo 12 and 14 (NASA photo S69-31856).
Fig. 1I. Two 2-snl diameter core biaks screwed ilggether wath cap on end. The bottom tube has drisei bit atbched; however, the core tube was never used k i ~ :+ chisel (NASA piaoter 569 3 1858).
4-CM DIAMETER DRIVE TUBE
rn1GrnS: U p p r tube Lower tube Plug Keeper diameter core tubes (NASA photo S69-34845). CAPACITY: Cap dispenser with 3 caps Ran
180 cm3
184 g 196 g 73 g 37 g 13 g 1"1g 90 g
OPERATION: The core tube conbained a inner sleeve which was Cut in half and held togea.her by heat-~hrirkkable eeRon tubing, In the sleeve a follower was placed at the bottom end. A bit was screwed on the bottom and an adapter screwed into the top of the tube. Tubes were presented to the astronauts in this configuration. The astronaut attached the extension handle to the adapter, placed the core tube and drove it in into the soil by hitting the top of the handle with a hammer. The follower rode atop the soil as il entered the tube, forming a restraint for the upper soil b o u n d ~ y The core was hen extracted from wi' a the rego1ith, hrned horizondl~, and the bit cap. The extension was removed. Two tubes be screwed together to take a longer core.
and Once back at the laboratory, the cap was inner sleeve full of soil was removed. 'She ~ f l o n tubing was sliced with a razor, and the top half ofthe sleeve lifted off t reveal the soil column.
The weights given are from Apollo 16 and 17, Apollio 15 core tube were diffferen$ which suggests that minor modifications were made &ter that mission: u p p r tube 176 g, lower tube 191 g, keper 22 $, caps 45 ga DI~NSIONS: Inside diameter, tube Wall thickness, tube h i d e length containing soil
470 c m ~
consisted of a OPERA7TON: The 4-cm diameter five for the tube and adapter to the lower tube, plug (top extension handle) keeper (inserted into the tube 10 restrain soil). Unlike a follower, the keeper was placed in the top of the tube arid only after soil filled the tibe, was the keeper emplaced using a ram tool. This ram a slender roc?which was inserted a hole in the top plug to push the keeper against Lh.e soil. Use of a keeper, instead of a follower, reduced the resistance of the soil entering the tube.
The lower tube conbained a steel bit and was used for a single section core. The upper tube was threaded at the bottom and was screwed into a lower tube to make a doublelength corer. A cap was snapped onto the bottom end of the tube after it was extracted from the regolith. APOLLO MISSIONS: The 4-cm diameter drive tubes were used on missions 15, 16 and 17. M T E R P L S : The thin-walled core tubes were milled from 6061-T6 aluminum alloy tube of 2 in. O.D. and 1.5 in I.D. The bit in the lower tube, made from 17-4 PK stainless steel, was atrached to the tube by magnetic forming. The plug and the ram were mainly 6061-T6 aluminum.
APOLLO MISSIONS: The 2-crn diameter core tubes were used on missions 11, 12 and 14; however, the shape of b e bit changed after Apollo 11. MATERIALS : Core tube Inner sleeve Follower Bit A@kr Cap Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 Aluminum allov 4061-T6 with FIFE shrinkabie tube R T E teflon with metal spring 17-4 stainless steel (eulv bits were made of aluminum ailsy b06lT65 1) Muminurn aluminum dioy 6061-T45 1
CORE TUBE
13
Fig. 15. Lower tube configuration of 4-cm diameter drive tube with plug (top end closure and adapter to extension handle) and cap (bottom end closure) removed. The shiny bit is stainless steel and is permanently attached to the aluminum tube (NASA photo S71-16527).
Fig. 17. Cap dispenser with teflon caps. Translucent caps, of the type shown beside the dispenser, were used on Apollo 16 md 17. mASA photo S71-45845).
14
CORE TUBE
Fig. 18. A double length corer made by attaching an upper drive tube to a lower drive tube. The slender rod is a ram device which allows the keeper to be pushed down to the su~face of the soil to confine it inside the tube. The ram was inserted through a small hole in the plug. (NASA photo S7 1-16525).
DRILL
15
BATTERY PACK
core stems were added. The power head was re-attached and drilling continued. When the desired depth was achieved, the drill was briefly powered at that depth to clear the flutes of "cuttings". The power head was removed, the treadle was installed over the protruding stems, and the drill shing was in jacked out of the soil. The string was placed horizon~ly a fixture on the rear of the rover. Exposed ends were capped as the string was broken into 2 or 3 sections for packing.
AND THERMAL
APOLLO MISSIONS: The surface drill was used on Apollo missions 15 through 17. To obtain a soil column on missions 15 and 16, six core stem tubes were used, and on Apollo 17 eight core stem tubes were used. COLPPONENTS: Parts of the drill are described here as 4 Drill Stem Power Head Ac~essories
DRILL STEMS
Fig. 19. Components of drill corer. Drawing from 1371. WEIGHT: A weight of 1200 g , the amount attributed to the h l l stem component in the total drill weight, represents the weight of 5 upper stem tubes, one lower stem tube and the bit. Each upper stem tube weighed 198 g, while the lower stem tube weighed 176 g. and the bit weighed 48 g (Figs. 22,23). DIMENSIONS: The exterior diameter of the dnll stems was 2.5 cm, while the interior diameter was 2.0 cm. The length of an upper stem tube was 42.5 cm, which included 2.5 can of overlap where the tubes screwed together. Thus each tube was capable of holding a column of soil 40 cm long. The lower stem tube was shorter because the bit was attached to it. The lower stem tube was 39.0 cm long, and the bit was 6.0 cm long. When the bit was attached to the lower stem tube the length was 42.5 cm, like an upper stem tube. CAPACITY: A 3-m length drill string (which required 8 core stem tubes, as was done on Apollo 17) had a capacity of 940 cm3 of soil. M A N U F A ~ T m E R ~ : chicago Latrobe, cutting tips; mtin Marietla al stems MAmRIALS: The structural metal of the tubes was titanium alloy Al-4V. Tine threaded joints were lubricated via an electrochemical process, similar to anodizing, called canadizing. This process produced a hardened surface impregnated with a fluorocarbon with controlled porosity into which TFE was deposited. The hit was made of Hy-tuf steel into which 5 tungsten carbide cutting tips were brazed. Caps for the t u b s were teflonn.
SYNQNVMS: Apollo Lunar Surface Drill (ALSD)* (Figs. 19-20) W I G H T : The total weight of the drill, the sum of the 4 components described in this section, was 13400 g. DIMENSIONS : When packed as shown in Fig. 21, the dimensions were 58 x 24 x 12 cm. POWER: The power head normally operated at 430 watts. USE: This rotary-percussive drill was used to obtain a continuous soil column up to 3 m in length and to provide holes for emplacement of 2 heat flow probes. OPERATION: The astronaut first attached the handle ('which also served as an "on/off' switch) to the power head with battery. Then he set this aside while he assembled the bit, lower core stem and one or two upper core stems. These were attached to the power head and drilled into the regolith. The power head was detached and one or two more upper
~ 1technical 1 chxacterisrics of the &ill were obtained from 113,251, except fur kdividud drill stem weights and h e n s i o n s . These were &ken from ,U,SRC packing lists or measured by the author.
sit
16
DRILL
Fig. 20. Apsllo Lunar Surface Drill being tested by subject i n space suit, Tke hmdle, bmerj, powm head and Brill seems me visible. P, stand con~sining bore stems i s in the forepound VASA photo S70-29673).
SPECIAL MATERIAL PROCESSING: On Apollo 17, to reduce lead conlamination of the cored soil from the drill stems and bit, !.he core stems were treated with nitric acid and specid processes were employed in the application of lubricarrt and color-codes. Excess brazing compound was removed from the core bit to reduce silver and copper contamination.
Fig. 22* DPill bit with 5 tungsten carbide cuetlng tips. The
bit is 6.0 cm long, and the namow end is typical of threaded join& between the stem tubes.
18
DRILL
MATERIALS: The power head housing was magnesium alloy QE-22A-T6 coated with a white thermal paint. The teflon-based fluorinated lubricants were DuPont Krytox 143AC oil and 240-AC grease.
DRILL BATTERY
WIGHT: 3500 g. DESCRIPTION: 16 silver oxide-zinc cells
: Yardney Electric Corp.
DWILL ACCESSORIES
DESCRIPTION: Included treadle, 12 bore stems, bore stern adapter, thermal shroud, thermal guard, handle and actuator assembly, wrench, 2 core stem caps and retainer. The treadle included a jacking mechanism to aid in extracting the drill string from the soil (Fig. 24). When drilling holes for heat flow probe emplacement, bore stems were used. These resembled drill stems, but were made of epoxy fiberglass containing glass and boron filaments. The bore stem bit had a solid face.
Fig. 23. Standard length tube (upper stem section), bitholding core tube (lower stem section) and drill bit (NASA photo S89-25295).
DRILL BOWER HEAD
POWER: 430 watts was required by the 0.4 h.p. brush cornmutated, direct current motor. M A N U F A C W R : Black & Decker OPERATION: The power head delivered 2270 blows per minute and 280 RPM to the drill stem.
DRILL
19
Fig. 24. Treadle with a device to aid in extracting the drill string from the soil. (The treadle is so named because its original purpose was to hold the drill down by foot when drilling into rock. In fact, the drill was screwed into the soil by the external flutes, and consequently, was difficult to remove unless the flutes were completely cleared of "cuttings" by powered action at constant depth.) Photo from [13].
28
EXTENSION HANDLE
Fig. 25. Shorter style extension handle used on early A p l l o missions (XASA photo S69-31844).
m L E O MISSIONS: This shorter extension handle was used on Apollo 11 and 12.
Fig. 26. Tools of the type used on ApolBo 1%(H, to R): lighter weight hammer, gnomon, shorter tongs, shorter extension handle, box-shaped scoop. The extension handle was used with the hammer and the scoop (NASA photo S69-3 1860).
Two styles of extension handizs (g*rgc 75-36) vere used on the moon. The model used o m the istea rnrsslorns was and more s l ~ w ~ i l ~ In n ead ppt-~~mce. sl~ghtly longer, Ineav~er
SJSE: A single extension haxldle could ~ised with a acwe, hammer, rake, core tube or &dve t i ~ b thus, e ~ sawn&the added weight of each tool having a long handle (Flg. 26). Whzn attached io a core tube or a h u e tube, the exlenslon handle was pounded w ~ t h the hammer to ~ P I V C ,t he tubes mtn the so11 (Fig. 2-71"
w
Fig. 27. Shorter style extensior? handle atmchd to cole tube md bang dnven with a hammer by astronaut Buzz A l h n on Apdlo b l (f.iASA photo AS 1 1-49-5964}.
R%&WT;ACTIJXE~: NASA, iohsasor?Space i"ewt.sr
----
v p m
----
LONGER EXTE?JSION BAKDLE -
X4A?'EKIAILS:The Bong sliari evas aJurni~ausaa alloy 2824"3, a i d the etrd pourldcd by lize hammer and holding the 'T'
IzaradEe was 3031216 stainless s t e l (Fig. 28).

MATEZPIA1.S: The 'T' handle and shc main shaft of the extension handle were mncRe fri.o:a-, aIarn;lrau~aaall:~y6k36l;KL.. T6. 'Fhe end pounded by Lhe il;imrncr was x::i~afc~a.c~",i%: ~41th 303 stainless s ~ e l .
APOI,I,C) MTSS1OF;S: Thi:; longer extensacin handle was t B 1 s xoit l h;rollo 14, 15,16, :mi9 13 (Figs. 29 and 30).
A * . . = -
------
v ' m . *
* -
* -
EXTENSION HANDLE
21
= * --*--
Fig. 28. Longer style extension handle atrachd to adjus~ble-mg8e scoop. Drawkg
en from [37].
k g . 2 Y B,onger style exaensrcsn handle at&ched to scoop at Ag~oBlo16 site (NASA photo iASI6-lW-17846).
Fig, 30, Lmger style exensnon harmde 8tIached to isefrrvc tube at ApGrdlo I7 site mi$SbB pl~oto AS 17-146-222911.
22
HAMMER
Fig. 31. Heavier weight hammer in use on Apollo 15 (NASA photo AS15-82-11148). Two basic styles of hammers (Figs. 31-34) were used on the moon. The model used on later missions was heavier with more surface area on the side of the hammer head. USE: This tool was used to break chips from rocks or to drive core tubes into the soil (Figs. 31 and 27) It was designed to be used as a hoe for digging furrows when attached to an extension handle (Fig. 32). MANUFACTURER: NASA, Johnson Spacecraft Center MATERIALS: The hammer head on both styles of hammers was made of tool steel [AISI S51 which was coaled with vacuum deposited aluminum. The handles on both styles were made of aluminum alloy 6061-T6.
LIGHTER WEIGHT HAMMER
can hammer head length 3.8 cm hammer head thicknes

APOLLO MISSIONS: Hammers of this style were used on Apollo 3 1 and 12 pig. 33)
HEAVIER MTEICWTHAMMER
MOLL0 MISSIONS: Hammers of this style were used on Apollo 14, 15, 16 and 17. However, there were minor changes in configuration of the handle and adapter through out these missions
Fig. 32. Lighter weight hammer atuched to extension handle for: use as a hoe (NASA photo SB8-33849).
Fig. 33. Lighter weight hammer of the type used on Aph!o I I and 12 (NASA photo SS43-31847).
Fig. 34.. Hmvier weight haxx~mer o fthe type u ~ on dA p C B U o 14, 15,16, :md 17 (NASA photo S79-22471)
23
LRV SOIL SAMPLER
Fig. 35. Lunar rover soil sampler with 12 round sample bags attached to Universal Handiing Tool. Drawing from [22]. Thc LRV (lunar roving vehicle) soil sampler (Figs. 35,36) consisted of a ring which held 12 nested cups for collecting soil. This device was atmched to a long handle called the Universal Handling Tool which enabled h e astronauts to obtain lunar soil samples without getting off the rover. As each sample was taken, the cup full of soil was removed, scaled and put away. Thus, 12 soil samples were taken before the set of nested cups needed to be replaced. The cups used in the LRV Soil Sampler were called Romd Documented Sample Bags.
WEIGHT: It was not clear whether the 140 g weight, taken from the Apollo 17 Flight Stowage List, excluded the the 12 sample cups or Univeral Handling Tool. Based on weight comparisons with other tools, it was unlikely that the UHT was included in the 140 g. DIMENSIONS: The 25 cm length cited was estimated from a photograph and included only the sampler, not the Univeral Handling Tool shown in Fig. 35. APQLLO MISSIONS: Apollo 17. MATERIALS: The plastic bags, which were probably o facilitate sealing teflon, had an aluminum supported rim t the sample [22]. The basket frame and rim appear to be stainless steel, and the handle appears to be anodized aluminum,"
Fig. 36. LRV soil sampler. Photo from [22].
* (3'i?scrva:ion of typical LWV soil sampler basket b y author.
RAKE
25
Fig. 37. Rake being used in soil on Apollo 66 mission mASA photo ASB6-116-58490).
IMENSIONS:
29.4 s m basket length 29.4 cm basket width 10A crn basket thickness
USE: The rake was used to gather a represenurive eo!leaion of pebbles s 1 cm from the regokilh, lt was used with an extension hmdie, and the mgle of the $&el was hdjuseable. First, an undisturbed bulk sample of regolith was t*r?;. Then approxmmateiy I rn2 of smface was raked lo col?eck pebbles greater than 1 can.
APBELO MISSIONS: The rake was used on missionrv 45, 16 and 17 (Figs. 37 & 39).
MMUFACTURER: NASA, Johnqon Space Center MATERIALS: The tine5 on the rake b&et xyillae made horn 17-7 PH srz6nless %eel wire 1/16 kn* ln d~amcter. The spoutl&e sidewdHs on the bakes were made frcm aluminum 4041 -T6 (Fig,38)
FILL 38. Lanai. sorl rake showin& slai~ilesssfeel tines d~i.i2:irin:ii siZewalis rn baskca I E : a:~,j:~~~:tB:"j~fig[e ~ tjandie.
P1:iino frr;n: / ":":I.
26
RAKE
Fig. 39. Apollo 17 astronaut has collected tens o k rocks > 1 em in diameter by r&ng the soil. Rake marks are visible in soil (NASA photo AS 17-134-2011251.
Four styles of scoops were used on the moon lo co11ect soil samples (Figs. 43-47>.Two styles, a box-shaped scoop and a small scoop, m a i n ~ n e d a fixed angk between the handle and the scoop mouth. These were used on early missions (11,12 and 14). Later, on Apollo 15, 16 and 17, scoops with an an adjustable angle between the handle and the scoop mouth were used in place of the rigid scoops. All four
scoops were made to be used with an extensior, handle. Due to reduced gravity and the cohesiveness of lunar soil, scoops required a cover and a rotatrng scooping technique to col~trol the soil (otherwise, the soil was propelled in an arc, often covering astronauts or equipment with dirt).
Fig. 40. Large, box-shaped scoop attached to shorter model extension Izandle @PPSApllioto S69-3 1583).
LARGE, BOX-SHAPED SCOOP

DIMENSIONS:
39 c m overall length 15.2 crn box height 9-9 C B ~ B box width
FAGTURER: NASA Johnson Space Center
M A E R I M S~ The pan strucfwe (box-shaped gort~on) was made of aluminum alloy 606i. A sklrlless steel wnrs mesh sleve was cies~gnedto cover the par1 cpessnng, bat izo evrdence was found of fabrlr,a~oiz or use of the mesh
box-shaped scoo;: was flows on bWOLLO MISSIONS: Apollo 11, 12 and 14 [1,2,l I ] . Techniques for using th:.; scoop are shown In Fig. 44.
Fig, big Box..shapeAdSCOOP (NASA photo ~~9-3184&i).
Fig. 42. Astronauts practice using large, box-shaped scoop to fill sample bag with soil in simu~aEd lunar setting (NASA photo S69-32243).
SMALL SCOOP
absorbing blrsws during use as a cklsei; however, the scoop was not used as a achiszl on &he moon.
AEPdLLO MISSIONS: This scoop wds used ora Apollo 12 m d 14, i t was pare of the rwl set for the small tool carrizr,
W W F A G T I R E R : NASA Johnson Space Center

MATERIM-,S: The scoop pan !,+pias mdde fscaera aJljminum. The edge of the pafi w s rcinforcal wrna a :;eecl blade, f i ~ s rrsc as a chisel.* The top of the scoop, where bbc extenslon handle could be laelackied. war reinfoiced with steel# for
* ,-1j y i c d scoop v-ieigl~ed an<? ~l~eahrrcd for Clis ca*&iog,

* Uei Clanrozr, pe~scrialeorInm~.nicaiicsn(1989)
# B a s 4 on appxum~ce of qpic:i! s c n q ~ cxia;ni:eti ~ u :his r ci:&alog
Fig. 43. Small, non-adjustable scoop attached to shorter model of extension handle (NASA photo S69-31850).
Fig. 45. Small, adjustable-angle scoop (NASA photo S7122472).
SMALL. ADJUSTABLE-ANGLE SCOOP
WACTUISER: NASA, Johnson Space Center MATERIALS: The pan was made from 17-7 PH stainless steel. Fig. 44. Use of small, non-adjustable scoop on moon during Apollo 12 mission (NASA photo AS 12-49-7312).
APOLLO MISSIONS: This scoop was used only on Apollo 15, the first mission to employ the large tool carrier mounted on the Lunar l3oving vehicle. The scoop was stowed for use on this tool carrier. Later missions employed a larger version of hhe adjustable-anglescoop. All adjustableaiagle scmps were designed to be gushed or pulled.
MMUFAGTUWR: NASA, Johnson Space Center
LARGE, ADJUSTABLE-ANGLE SCOOP
MATERIALS: The pan was made from 17-7 PH stainless steel. APOLLO MISSIONS: The large, adjustable-angle scoop was flown on Apollo 16 and 17 and was stowed in the lunar rover tool carrier.
Fig. 46. Small, adjustable-angle scoop attached to langer model extension handle.
Fig. 47. Large, adjustable-angle scoop with pan adjust& for maximum till on lunar surface during Apollo 17 mission ('NASA photo AS 17-138-21160).
TONGS
31
ss--mm,
Fig. 48. Shorter model tongs in use dunrag Apullo 12 rnission mASA phom A%12-47-6932).
Two styles of tongs were u%edon thc !noon Figs 48-51). On the exiy rnlssbons the tongc Bere d ~ g h ~ shorter ly a1is.i had bnes made fram alumatr~rnr The 32-anch tongs ~ s e O d;r later nlrsslsns had u n ~ hmade : \,E sb;irr:!csss$rel.
USE- Tongs were used f a p:ck~ngup ~naa\ldual rock,c ivarh dlmens~ons I ~ s tshan 6-10 cm cFng. 48 'Ifme skorter ieilngs were c r n ~ fastened ~I to the ashdcrllaut'k, xast. The 32-~nch tongs were czrned ~n the B~fze ~ m r c~uner l :<%ad the rover.
h4i'kN'LrFAC7'URERHr, NAT 4, Joh-issn S ~ ~ a @enlei de
EONS:
80 cm overall length
MAERIPJ,S: The tines were made horn 17-4 PH stainless steel kt8 inch nn &meter. The handle was aluminum (Figs 58 and 5 3).
--P-m------"'m-m---r--
SHORTER TOXGS
hlAB'EKIALS : The lines were m a d l~ ror-ri aluminum alloy
6061-T6 r-t)rrnd stock B ! I in, in dla:nt:tce, 'ihe i.iarsl;i!e was

made from dualinurn (Fig. 49).
32
TONGS
Fig. 49. Shorter slylc tongs (NASA photo S69-31855).
Fig. 50. 32-inch tongs (NASA photo S71-22469).
surface in Decxtes region, Fig. 51. 32-inch tongs on lu~lar Apollo 16 (NASA phot,] AS 16-116-18712).
TRENCHING TOOL
33
Fig. 52. Trenching tool with adjustable angle blade (NASA photo S71-22470).
SUNONUMS: shovel USE: The adjustable-angle trenching tools was used to dig trenches i n the lunar regolith. M
R: NASA, Johnson Space Center
APOLLQ MISSIONS: The trenching tool p i g . 52) was used on Apoilo 14. The larger, adjustable-angle scoops were developed and flown on later missions, and they were used for trenching.
MATERIALS: The shovel blade was made from 310 stainless steel.
35
B. TOOLS USED TO SUPPORT SAMPLE SELECTION AND WCUMENTATION

Brush-sciber-Pens Gnomon Weight scale
1 1 I
36
BRUSH-SCRIBER-LENS
Fig. 53. Brush-scriber-lens (NASA photo S69-31852).
The brush-scriber-lens (Fig. 53) was intended to aid the astronaut in observing and marking hand-sized specimens of rocks. References about the use of this tool on the moon were scarce; it is likely that this tool was not used on any mission. The brush-scriber-lens was carried on Apollo 12 and 14 as part of the tool complement for the small tool carrier (Fig. 63). The author did not determine if the brushscriber-lens was taken on the Apollo 11 flight. The brushscriber-lens housing appears to be aluminum, and the brush bristles appear to be steel. * The scldber tip was carbide.+
* Observation of typical tool by author.

Uel Clanton, personal communication (1989). Clanton also notes some difficulty in using a hand lens through a helmet visor.
GNOMON
37
Fig. 54. Gnomon of the configuration used on Apollo 1%and 14, folded for stowage (NASA photo S69-53M4).
KBucK
""ERENCE
?la INCREMENT)
IHITE >EFERENCE
Fig. 55. Gnomon of the configuration used on Apollo 15, 16 and 17. Drawing from [37].
Fig. 56. Gnomon at Apollo I7 site (NASA photo AS17137-20963).
(Figs. 55 and 56). The principd addition was a gray and color scale to one of she tripod legs.
ACTURER: NASA, Johnson Space Center
USE: The gnomon was a gimbaled stadia rod mounted on a tripod, such that the rod was free to point vertically (Figs. 54-56), The shadow cast by the sm-f indicated sun angle and, hence, direction. The rod length and the painted scale provided a reference for estimating the sizes of nearby objects. Shades of gray ranging in reflectivity from 5 to 35% and a color scale enabled more accurate de~ermination of rock and soil colors by comparison.
APOLEO MISSIONS: The grnomon configuration used on Apollo 12 and 14 IS shown in Fig. 54. The gnomon evoi.~etl a little on each of the later rnlssions, Apollo 15, 16, and 15
SCALE
Two types of scales were used on the moon to weigh containers of rocks and soil (Figs. 57, 58). Re-determined limits for the weight of samples that could be lifted off of the moon were in effect. A heavier scale called a spring scale was used on the early missions. Later, a more compact sample scale was cmied.
R: NASA, JoRnson Space Center
SAMPLE SCALE
CAPACITY: The sample scale was graduated in 5 lb. increments 80 a maxilnum capacity of 80 Ibs (lunar weight) [221 APOLLO MISSIONS: The sample scale was used on 5, 16 and 17. missions. 14, !
PJIATERIALS: The scale housing was made from duminum.
SPRING SCALE
APOLLO MISSIONS: This scde was cmied on Apollo I I and 12. MATERIALS: TRe structure of the scale body was aluminum alloy 606 1-T6.
Fig. 57. ConfiguraLion and dimensjons of spring scale.
Fig. 58. Sample scale (NASA photo S70-36053).
39
C. TOOL CARRIERS
40
$ 0 0 1 2 , CARRIER
Fig. 59. Astlonaut and smdi tool cmler at base oi Apoilo 12 Lunar Moduli: (NASA photo AS12-47-6988).
Fig. 60. Apolio 12 astronaut using tools on small carrier (NASA photo AS 12-49-7320).
SMALL TOOL CARRIER

WEIGHT: DIMENSIONS:
on Apollo 14. The author did not verify that no tool carrier was used on ApslPo P 1; however, most tools on Apollo 14 were stored on a work station on the Lunar Mod~le.
4280 g (without t ~ ~ r s p " 6'7 cm overall height 70 cm length of side at feet 41 cm width sf tool rack
USE: The sm;94? tool carsler alade the geologic hand tools 59-63). convenient and acresshle for the a$wonaarrs (F~gs. Smaller tongs, lahortcr cxtenslon handle, 2-cm dlarneter core dw,umewted sample tubes and caps, round hrld flat rrct;ing~lar bags and d ~ r p c n ~ e rs?clall s, nun-adjus&bll: scoop, llgh~cr w1elght Ramrrrer, brurh-scrikr-lerac and pornon were among the tool$ on EEEC" C&TICQ (r"lgs 61 an.S C%),
MANUFACTL,XF:K.
VASA, Solin>csn Space Center
MATEWIA1,S Obsservat~onof a typical small tool carrier indicated that most of the suucture W ~ s S i~eet aluminum. The tote bag was msde of a whltc woven cloth with a slick finish (I,m~nared rcflcln over vgoveaa rcfion?). APOLLO MISSIONS: The srarall tool Larraer was wansported by hand oil Apollts 4 2 an3 or: board thc 2whecled c*vt7 cailcd the tnociuia:i?ed eqcipmen~ Gansportcr,
= p p ---- .p p
* Typical carrier we~ghcdnn 250-!b.
cayclty Uerrscto scale
Fig. h ! . Silr:iii r ~ i >cariicr i nlotintc'ti o n the ~ i ~ ( > t i i l i : t ~ i / c i i cquipnrxnt tcunspni~.c: (XIE7'). a iwo-whcclctl rari ( N A S A photo i:S ]4.6$ (->J,(15j,
TOOL CARRIER
41
Fig. 63. Small tool cmier with tools displayed alongside (NASA photo 369-31867)
Fig. 64. Large tool carrier with tools displayed left to right: core tube caps (not used on last 3 missions), documented sample scmp and extension handle (NASA photo S71-22476). bags, hammer, h i v e tube caps, 2 pair of tongs, si%jus~ble-angle
--
LARGE TOOL CARRIER

86
side to side 54 cm height 16 cm thickness
6cm
DlWr,NSlhS%'S:The dimensions were for the configuration with the legs folded, as in the lunar surface photographs (Figs. 67-69).
M,mK-FAC%mER: NASA, Johnson Space Center USE: The large too! carrier provided convenient access to flat docurnenled sample bags, hammer, tongs, smdl or large adlustable scoop, extension handle, rake and sample 2ollection bags (Figs. 64-66). Tools were attached to both [he forward and backvad sides of the carrier, which rotated about a kirrge like an open door (Fig. 68).
i . * , ';I ~.-"_, ,I C " ,",,:?, . 8:/~:,rsiONS:'The large i009 curicr was attached to rhc: ia:lai pli;~erog Alx:;!~15 and 10,
'VC'i"
D%AIENSHO?iS:
4m161TT: A ty-pica1empty tool cartier weighed 5900 g or? a 250-1b capcity Detecto scale. The stowage list weight of 8000 g \%as probably due to some togis beirag attached to Bre cmier when it ., .~r...r~ ,, \veighsd for flight.
TOOL CARRIER
43
Fig. 65. Large &so1 c m i e r as viewed from behind lhe rover looking forward. The white hag on the left n s bxera Sample Collection Bag ( ~ ~ ~ i l h o ~~)ckebsj; a~l. ehc: right-iaand bag i s a Sample C o l l ~ t i o n Bag (NASA photo S71-22475).
Fig. 66. Large to(?! r:arricr, the i-ide fi?,c?fig fiirv/;irI: o n
i f TOJ-VCT, ~~ ~ he ~
i ( Id ~ P~ O S ~I ~ I !C ~?
-,TJ~v?..c!~ IT:
FIS 6.5 (NASA
il~iO~O ~
71-
42477).
TOOL CARRIER
45
Fig. 67. Large tool c m i e r on Apoilo 15 rover. A Sample Collection Bag hangs on cmier (NASA photo AS15-82-11168).
Fig 68. Apollo 1 6 lunar rover w ~ t h I q e tool camer apzced r:rtw;trd l o a1EovW zccess to tools o? both srdes of the carrier (NASA photo AS76-117-18825).
46
TOOL CARRIER
Fig. 69. Large tool carrier, with rake visible, on rear of Apollo 16 rover (WASA photo AS 16-107-13446).
ON THE MOON Apollo Lunar Sample Return container (ALSRC) Core Sample Vacuum Container(CSVC) Documented sample bag Gas Analysis Sample Container (GASC) Lunar Environment Sample Container (LESC) Magnetic Shield Sample Container (MSSC) Organic sample monitor Protective padded sample bag Special Environment Sample Container (SESC)
48
APOL,LO L,UNAR SAMPLE WE'FURN COYTAINER
Fig. 70. Apollo Lunx Sample Return Container, serial number "09'" TTh "rock box" served on both the Apollo 12 and 16 missions ((NASA photo S72-37196).
Flg. 71. Apoilo 14 Lunar Sample Reem1 C o n ~ l r ~prior e r to flight packed with roufid docurfiensed sample bags, 2-cm daarrncter core t ~ ~ k core s , t:1be capsr md M a g e ~ Shield c S&ple Congainer (believed u, be %2 white cylinder) (NASA photo
S70-298% 8).
lmxes plus packing material 3iior.k mesh) ranged from 6890 - 8900 g. Althotigl; therc may have been minor changes in ionhgurafion from mission e s mission, the main differences ii: weight appear to bc due to the weight elf packing mesh, either ?inirag the "barc box" or added as ~ a d d i n a .For: man'ph% A I ~ S R C ''09'' ha? iweight of 7206~ for Apollo 1 2 ill19 5dMB g fcr .Apu;?a 16. 'The earlier ~~rissioazs tended to bl" HB'XOrC "KI' as ~r;zdi%:inrg..
b r ~ l t . ; ~ bS;(ifi p \+,irs f,hc average of all 12 ic?ci box M,eighrs, as gj,Jen on B~~ lists for aclr ALSRC, .Tne "bare box'' rai.rged from - 7708 g, al-cd{he
~~~~
APOLLB LUNAR SAMPLE RETURN CONTAINER
49
Fig. 72. Apollo 16 Lunar Sample Return Container upon opening in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory. The box contains a large rock, severd documented sample bags with the fold-over aluminum tabs, and a 4-cm diameter dnve tube (NASA pllolo 372-36984). DImNSIONS: The outer envelope for an ALSRC w a s 48 x 30 x 20 cm, This included the hinges and latches. The exterior box dimensions were 48 x 27 x 20 cm. The box wall thickness was about 2 nnm; however, the box had numerous ribs for strength. CAPACITY: With liner in place, the LC,&": interior volume was about 16,000 c n 3 [22]. AC Ridge, aJ R: Union Carbide, Nuclear Division, Oak than lunar ambient. On the moon, while samples were being loaded, the seals were protected by a tenon film and a cloth cover, which were removed just prior to closing the box. The ALSRC was held in a fixture at waist level to aid rhe astronauts in closing the cam latches (F'ig. 73). Four straps attacked to the two cam latches transferred even pressure for the knife-edge seal., and two latch pins secured !he closure. York mesh, lining the box and as packing pads, dampened the vibration anad shock to samples during the return flight. MATERIALS: The ALSRC. box and lid were each made from a single block of 7075 AA aluminum ailoy. The lining and padding used was York mesh, a knitted 0.011 inch diameter wire, 2024 aluminaim alloy, The soft metal sealing smface was an alloy of 90% indiinm and 20% silver. The two sealing o-rings gdere cornpound L608-6 fluorosilicone (much of the previous literature reports the orings to have been Viton A). The indium seal protector lid spacer, used prior to final sealing on the moon, were teflon.
APOLLO MISSIONS: Two X S R C ' s were used on each Apollo mission.

USE: The Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container (Figs. d 70-75) preserved a lunar-like vacuum around the samples mi protected them from shock during h e r e t m flight and until they were opened in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory. In practice, substantial leakage was detected in 4 of the 12 ALSRC's returned from the moon. T h ~ s was a t ~ i b u ~ b lin e, most cases, to pieces of equipment or dust interfering with the seals, in spite of the precautions taken baa protect the sealing surfaces.
OPERATION: The ALSRC bas an aib;m~num box wltla s triple seal (one knife edge :n soh 11ndia;m meml and IWO fluorosilicone o-rings). Pnor to flrghr, the box was closed under vactlum so that ie wotild not conli?ln pressure grcater
50
APOLLO LUNAR SAMPLE WETERP4 t-~OSr1',liAT%3k , - --u A v m -
Fig. 73. Aseronar~hpractices closing an Apollo L u n x Sample Return C'(;C^~LRIAI~,I i-ar walst-level wosk station on a lunar module during a sirnubae~on of lunar extra-vehicula activity (EVA) (NASA photo 369-7 I 1380)
Fig. 74. Teflon s;%an~l sea?protceor, deployc:d as if on lunar onrfar;e, dudng pzck:kdng sf Ai.SR&: prior to flight. The box lining i s V:xk !TES!I *AS/% phb~to S88-5267.151,
Fig. 75. Clois--n;: view s;l !!-~i:rsmseal in rock box full of . I Y ~ F~ ~ I p~ , j -~ i:j>lc" ~i: ~ di-jc!:x:i<~crc:d sa?npie,bags, The alvmlsaum 1 2 1 3 o:! a : ! ] ~ 3. :.he j;nl;v w a :nf'rapjted the knife-dge md . " s;ag~cbrrr se:;1; :'"1:i;. $hi.scul XT:;.Q$ go::& Osle of the f l l : ~ y ~ ;it.:"!::: t i : i ; ;r Err. & ;+ : i>L .::,.:l!jr-, j i : vj$Rie jnst o u b w ~ d
,
:itc
j::.j:j.:~>
( , ;
31 i F.2 i
r i i _ i [ ; s 572-3$:53)
CORE SAMPLE VACUUM CONTAINER
51
SYNONYMS: CSVC MANWACTmER: Uncertain; Union Carbide, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge, TI\T, was likely the manufacturer since the CSVC was a derivative of the Special Environmental Smple Container. USE: The Core Sample Vacuum Container, because of its vacuum sealing capability, provided a receptacle for a 4-cm diameter drive rube so chat a subsurface sample of lunar regolith could be reslimed without exposure to teneslriai atmosghere or spacecsaft cabin gases. OPERATION: The CSVC was a derivative of the Special Environmental Sample Container, elongated to accornodate a 4Lcm diameter drive tube. See the SESC for operational description of sealing surfaces. The section just below the knife-edge contained an insert with fingers that gripped the knurled part of the drive tube and provided lateral and longitudinal resaaint 1221.
Fig. 76. Core Sample Vacuum container (CSVC) Drawing from [371.
/,POLL0 MISSIONS: One 4-cm drive tube core sample was sealed in a CSVC on Apollo 14 and one on 17. Neither core sample has been opened to dale. MAIWRIBLS: See SESC for material description.
52
DOCUMENTED SAMPLE BAGS
Fig. 77. Cup-shapd documented sample bags in 35-bag dispenser hanging on small tool cmier at Awllo 12 site WASA photo AS 12-49-7243). Document& s m ~ l bags e - Figs. . - 77-83 were numbered bags with closures thai allowed samples to be identified and kefrt separate from one mother. These bags were grouped into dispensers which provided easy access for the asWOnaUbS. Although documerrted sample bags of several different configurations were used on Be iCapoilo missions, two basic shapes descri-kd most bags, cupsbapd and Rat reem~gdx. This study did not determine the configmation of the bags used on ApoUo 4 1. Those bags weigh& 9 gms each.*
~ ~ ~ - S H A PDOCUMENTED ED SAMPLE BAGS

35-BAG DPSPEEYSEW:
DPhBNSIONS: Dimensaonr were essirazatd from Fig. 78.

MANIIIFACTIIXER: Vie cup-shaped bags In Frgs. 77 and 78 wcre made by csntractcra-s to NASA. Union exbide, nas BIG probable mmtafac%user. iVarciea Di-~i,s~on
APOLEO MISSIONS. rug,-shaped bags in 35-bag &spnsers us& on Y P A ~ 4 2 l and l ~ 14.
* Uei Clanton (per:rsoni comnrlmication, 1989)nore6 that the astronauts had eijff~cultyopening Apc~lio I I bags
MISldL'TERIAI S The baig3 W ~ P Zmade QS teflon f1'rla-n rear:forccd by r p n alurn~~durn bard ao~sncl the faras. T h ~ s bardd
53
Fig. 78. Cup-shaped documented sample bags, of the type used on Apllo 12 and 14, in a 35-bag dispenser packed for Apollo 14 flight (NASA photo S70-29816). gave the cup shape, held it open so a sample could be inserted and provided the closure for the bags after the sample was placed inside. The tab on the band was a handle for the astronauts to grasp.* The proto-type bags in Fig. 79 show the aluminum bands. Unlike this proeo-type, the 35bag dispenser bags were numbered on the plastic part sf the bag. The 35-bag dispenser was meaal, probably aluminum or stainless steel.
48 BAG SET FOR LRV SOIL SAMPLER:
The 48-bag set of sample bags for the ERV soil sampler were gouped into four batches of 12 each. The sampler accom&ted 12 bags at one time. mOLLO MISSIONS: These bags were lased on Apollo 17.
ER:The cup-shaped bags used in the LRV soil sampler (Fig. 80) were manufactured by NASA at Johnson S ~ a c e Center.
M A m N L S : The cups were made of plastic [teflonl?jwith aluminuan r i m s 1221.
Fig. 79. A prolo-type o f the 35-bag dispenser for the cupshaped doculnented sample bags showing the alu-a' A I mum band re-inforcing for the top of the bag WASA photo S68-
54935),
* Uel Clanton, personal. com~iulication (1989)
54
BOCUkTENTED SAMBE,E BAGS
Fig. 88. Cup-shaped documented sample bags were also used in LRV soil sampler on ApoUo 17. Drawing from [22].
FLAT, RECTANGULAR DOCUMENTED SAMPLE BAGS

EARLY M I S S ~ O N SBAGS:
MAmRIALS: The teflsn bags had an duminum rim for a ~ b ~ tab. ~ rThe e dispenser was made of tenon with aluminurn moumring bracket.
DIENSJOWS: Diislensions were estimaled from Fig. 81. MANCITAleTCTREFe: Probably Union Carbide, Nuclez I 4 4 Division, Oak Ridge, T APOLLO MISSIONS: These bags were used on Apollo 12 and 14. MATERIaS: The bags appeared in photographs to be made of transparent tenon film with aluininum rims for closuse tabs. The dispenser was a met& cyhnder,
LATER MISSIONS BAGS:
Fig. 8 1, %beflat9rec&ngnla docaanented smgle bags used on the early missions are ,tinsibbe prowuding from their cylin&ical dispenser iri the left ride of the rock box mASA photo S30-52550)"
WEIGHT: The bag dispenser weight was the average of 19 bag dispensers used on the moon. The single bag weight was measured for this study. ACRTRER: VJwion Cxbidc, Nuclea Division, Oak Ridge, TI%
M O L L 0 WSSIONS: The 20-bag dispensers were used on Apolio 15, 16 and 1%. OPERATION: These document& sample h g s were deamed to hold an E I-crn diameter rock. Each of the flat bags had a unique number by which to identify e k samples placed inside. Two tabs were at"bac,ehcdto the top center of each Fag. One tab atmchd the bag to the & s ~ n s e and r lore awiay when the aswonaut pulled the other tab. This process also caused the bag to b e og~wed. the sample w a placed inaade h e top was rolled dcvlra and &hc a?iumlnum sibs folded over to s e t r e Bie ro14ed configusarion.
DOCUMENTED SAMPLE BA(;S
55
Fig. 83. Flat, rectangular documented sample bag opened in iaboratomy to show Apollo 17 soil 74220, weighing 1180 g. ?he aluminum rim holds the bag open (NASA photo ,57315561).
Fig. 84. Thee 20-bag &spensers packed inside of a Sample G d l e c ~ o n Bag prior to a flight (NASA plloto S88-52669 taken from Union Cabide photo no. 143401).
56
Fig. 85. Apolllo 16 astronaut examines large boulder with a 20-bag dispenser attached to his right wrist (NASA photo AS16-116-18649).
GAS ANALYSIS S A M P L E CONTAINER
57
Fig. 86. Gas Analysis Sample G o n ~ n e (GASC). r The knife-edge on the can and indium alloy sealing surface on the lid are visible P A S A photo S88-52660 taken from Union Carbide photo no. 121372).
SYNOMMS: GASC W E I G ~ Weight : of 3 GASCIS: 159, 173, 247 g. Reason for differences is not known. DINIENSIONS: Overall length sf 9.5 cm w a measured for this study. The height sf the can was 6.4 ern, the inside diameter was 3.7 cm, md the wdl-hiskness w a 0.3 mm.
OPERATION: The Gas Analysis Smpie Container was a smaller version of the Special Environmeneal Sample C o n ~ n ea rnd was operat& in a similar mallner (see section on SESC).
m O L L 0 Iv%XSSIO'rdS: GBSC's were used only on Apollo I l and 1%.

IkfBTERIA1.S: The can and the lid were made from 304L Stai"less steel. The metal sealing surface was an alloy of 90% indium m d 10% silver. The sed protectors were teflon.
MANTJFACTmER: Uniorl exbide, Nuclea Division, OaEc Ridge, TN
USE: The GASC (Fig, 86) was a reliable vacuum sealed container used for holding a, small anlourat of I u n x soil within a larger volume. Upon return to E a t h the &fainwalled b~ttom of the conl%iiner wsps punctwed to analyze the
D. D. Bogmd, personal commisatian (1989)
58
LUNAR ENVIRONMENT SAMPLE CONTAINER
Little documentation about the Lunar Environment Sample Container was discovered in this study. One LESC was packed into Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container # 1008 for Apollo 12. The 467 g weight given above was from the packing list for that ALSRC. One 269 g sample was returned from the moon in the LESC 1411.
MAGNETIC SHIELD SAMPLE CONTAINER
59
Fig. 87. Pipallo 14 U S R C packed far t%ghe with round dmnmented sample bags, 2-cm diameter core t u k s and Magnetic Shield Sample G o n ~ n e jrMSS@>.The white cylinder is believed to be the MSSC because it is approximately the correct size and dl of the other objects have been idenufied VASA photo S70-29817;.
SYNONYMS: MSSC D1,WNSIONS: Outer dimension~s were not determined in this study.
MAnRIliLS: I.SA~T* minutes (1970) indicate a concern that iron, nickel and molybdenilnh in the inner container might conlamialate other lunar samples. The outer container, in Fig. 87,appcxs to be teflon (the identity of the MSSC in that pnctaare was by approximate size and elimination of other objects in photo).
USE: The wiagraetic shielding experiment resulted from concern that ~nagneticfields in the space and spacerah environmerlt were influencing magnetic chzaceeristics of lunar rocks, Two residual magnreric rock samples, both a microbrscia m d a cqsdIine smk, were t o be collected near the end of the Apoklo 14 mission md placed in the Magnetic Shield Sample C o n ~ i n e r The . shielding chsacteristics of the conainea: and the radiation eaivironmenb of the stowage o be dmumentexf [ 4 % ] . location in the spacmraft were t
M O L L 0 MISSIONS: The MSSC p i g . 8'7) was flown on Apollo 14, but the voice transcript and the catalog of returned samples do not record s X a a e the sarnpl- was ever taken.
and Planning Team (LSAPa'j was h e samdi-ig wniix~ince that reviewed a ~ recumended d plic)~ on curation anab analysis of l~uiar samples.
* Luna Sarraple :'aa?ysis
60
ORGANIC SAMPLE MONITOR BAG
Fig. 88. Organic Sample Monitor packed for ApoIlo 14 flight (NASAphom 570-1875!).
Fig. 89. Organic SampIe Monitor packed for Apollo 15 flight WASA pboeo ~71-36040).
\EIGHT: The weight kclanded the tenon bag with the melal mesh inside, MAWFACWRER: Union @abide, Iaduclea Division, Oak Ridge, TN
IJSE: An organic sample monitor (Figs, 88-89) consisted of a tenon bag with rolls of very clean alumintam metal mesh inside. These bags were packed inside of the Apollo Lunar S m p l e Return Csnbiners. Upon selrnnl to E ~ hb ,e o invesrigators for use as a mesh samples were disuibntd t "blank" or baskgound meawement for organic compunds. While these organic monitors served to evaluate contamination of the samples from the spac~rabctand the astronauts, they were not useful for evaluating contmination from the descent engine exhaust &cause they were enclosed in the lakSR@s duriiag the lunar landing
A P O t t O MISSIONS: Organic sanaple monitor were used on missions 12, 14, 15, 16 and 17.
MATERHMS: The bags were made of r.etlour film and had alurrlinum tabs end closures. The rolls 06 aletal mesh were aluminum.*
" M.A. Repoids, personal comunication (1988)
--
PROTECTIVE PADDED SAMPLE BAG
53
Fig. 90. F r o t ~ f v P e adda4 Sample Bag (XASA photo S72-43790)
"$;.TIGHT:A typrcal Eotectlve Padded Sample Bag was weigncd for this shidy. DIWKSPBNS. 1 1 1 e padded vo$ilme fomid i lba;ox of 15 x 14 x 5 crn (Fnk. "30). A fldp wath an alumlnvm closaire tab extendc,l an adciltloilal 6 tin from the "r 5m dimension.
hfi4N-C,TAC.TUR;';;Ii: ikinlon Carbide, N ~ ~ c Divisio~~, ~ w x Oak Ridge, 3-34
USE: The padded bags were eased to C U E J I ~ fragile O ~ rocks a i dprevent rcck :gt;rPac,es Cio~n txing abraded,
APQL6,0 M13SIONS Two iF"Bo~dcavi: Padied Sample s a g s %ereused cle tlpnllo 16. Mf",Fi;Rl,AL,s: 'The r*ypit-.si - .. JJI>SR ixamini:j for ffiis study appear& ro be made of keflon film with at1 allsllzinum r;hb elczsnre. Tlra: a)zad&(l p o r ~ mas ~ o knitted frcsrr? flat, white li.,flon (?) ribI;un 3mm pwr.ide. The pads were completely encjosctj by Gim pjlo;?. After !.he alurninilni k b was rolled a~ld s=,(;~rc~j fhc: bag, a v e % ~ strap r o f~.:;l.$er insured that ei-18 bag \aj~iilld LiOL :;ctfg?g, 01icbt~
62
SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPLE CONTAINER
Fig. 91. Apollo 12 astronaut holds Special Environmental Sample Container (SESC) full of soil. The seal protectors have been removed and the container is ready to be closed @-USA photo AS 12-49-7278).
SYNQNYWIWS: SESC DImNSIONS: 7%e overdl height, from top of ~ l handle e to the bottom of the g i p was 21 cm, and the outer dimeter of the can was 6.1 crn. Ti'lne can, without the lid, was 12 7 cm call with arl inside diameer of 6 crn and a waU %I-iicbess of 0.5 mm.
R: Union Carbide, Nuclea Divisloen,

Oak Ridge, TIaa
USE: The SESC (Fags. 91-94] provided a hife-edge sca% into mew1 to insave char the sample ~nside was no? exposed to terrestrial amosphere or spacecraft cabin gases.
Fig. 92. Sg_recir-il Environmeiital SarnpEt: Conbiner (drawing from [35]).
SPECIAL ENVIRONMENTAL SAMPIAXCONTAINER
63
Fig. 93. SESC, with seal protectors in place, after being filled with simulated Eunx dustin an experiment to test the ability of the seal protectors to keep the sealing surfaces clean WASP,photo 388-52667, kken from Union Carbide photo no. 137775).
Fig. 94. SESG with seal protectors removd after test (see Fig. 92) Sr!riulasc~l,E t a i ~ ~drrt s 2ct onto test (NASA photo 388-52666 sen from Unnm Carbide photo no, 1 1 7 7 7 4 , i
sealrng smfaces In th~s
OPERATION: Both the knife-edge on the can and the lndlun alloy on the Iid were packed for flaght with tenon sheets coverrng the sealing surfaces to prevent dust from interfe'enng with the seal. After the asRonaut fllled the container with soil or rocks, he removed these xeaE promtors and closed b e can, A torque handle dlowed b 4 1 n k~d to be pressed onto the knafe-dge of 8ae can lap.
APQLLO "4rS619;NF \pscia!. Er%v~aowmental Sample Cun~arners < * c ~.,a:pc.,l t 37 d I P s 1 4 p ~ SBPIHSSil3nS. 1~~
MMERIPrI " s t , , <FhC:dn <ind:L~? were madie from 304L su~cle$s steel Ihx .a.dlsar~~ ~l!rbv 4eal In the lrd was l n d ~ u m ~ b l ~ t k;ti%, l 5 2 ~1 8):; ~ ~ $ ~ 1V O ~ ~ C ~were O B S sheet teflon.
1 I
65
Sample Collection Bag (SCB) Weigh bag
66
SAMPLE COLLECTION BAG
Fig. 95. Apoiio 49isfionaent c a y i n g a Slmnpre GoBlecfion Bag WASA photo AS17-145-22157).
Two style$ of Sample Cslleienon Bag3 PCB) w c ~ e used on the moon. 30th styBi;s of b3gs were made of !he same materaals and of the same $imens:ons; inowever, the Sample CoI%ection Bag (Figs. 9.5-100) had Interlor pockets for hc\tdirap drive tubes, extenor pockets for bdding the SpecaaS. B11avlra\nmenhxSarnpic.,sonkin-r arrd the drive tube cap dispense1 and straps LO facnlitate removal from the Apollo Lunar Sarraple Rr,r,urr~cor:snnuca. Thc E x t r a Sample 6011eciio~ Bag (ESCB; Fig. 97) had none of these ~ocXet\arid, consequc.itly, i t welgP.63 less than the Sarr~pl-Collec~:~n Bag
tubes, but smaller samples were dropped dkectly into the closed bag through a diagond slit in the lid. The SCBs md ESCBs exactly filled an Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container; thus, two SCBs conmining samples on each mission were sealed inside the AkSRC's for r e t m to Earlh. The contents of the remaining SCBESCBs were expos& to spacecraft cabin atmosphere and Emh's atmosphere Barring the return trip.
M Ridge, TN (?j
R: Union Carbide, Nuclear Division, O&
t!SEr 'f'he Sample CJolIection Mag;; rcpiaced the: weigh hags from e:axiig,s missiiins. 'The SCBs wcri: carricd by the astronauts o n rheir backpacks or on ?hes:,ver naol cmier and were used to car-ry the, samples as Ilaey were cc>ll~:ted.Both loose rocks and samples in Doa;urnected Sarnpic Bags as well ; i drive F-,::& ecitrc sainples weal: piac,i;cd irnto a Sample CcrtBabion Bag or ael kx&a Simple Co1la:i:riora Bag, The Iid on the bag flipped fully open f.~kx large sample.; arid drive
APOkLO mSSYONS: SGBESCBs were used on Apollo 45, 16 and 17.
SAMPLE COLLECTEON BAG
64
Fig. 96. S m p l e Collection Bag packed into Apollo Lunar S m p l e Return Container before the Apolia 15 flight. The edges of the PLLSRC are draped with white material similar to that of the SCB. The SCB is lying on its side with the lid toward the viewer. The exterior pockets containing a Special Environmental S m p l e Container and a drive tube cap dispenser are visible (NASA photo S71-36042). MATERIALS: A light-weight metal frame gave the bag shape, and metal mesh was used to stiffen the bottom and top of the bag.* The fabric of the bag was a laminate of TFE teflon cloth vulcanized between two sheets of FEP teflon film [22].
EXTRA SAMPLE COLLECTION BAG
* Obsewation sf typical bag and photographs
68
Fig. 97. Extra Sample Collection Bag on l u n a surface at Apollo 16 site (NASA photo A316-167-17473).
Fig. 99. View into open Sample Collection Bag . Two drive tubes are placed ira the interior pockets. The metal mesh stiffener in the !id md in the bottom and h e underside of the diagonal slit are visible in the lid (NASA photo S885267 1).
Frg. 98. Top of cioserji Sasnple Colleetisaa Bag The fabric textare and !he tliagonal slit "Lkrough which sarlaples could be dropped is visible. The rvhhre fabric in the background is pa-t of dlk: seal protecLcor for the ATTSRCpz4SP% gqhots;~ S8852673).
Fig. 100. View inlis SGB 1uadi.d for flight. Seven drive tubes, 2 cap drive tube d i s p c ~ ~ s s 2 r ~SESCs, , and 2 Dacnmenrc~iSaraple Bag iiispernsens are v~sibIe (NASA photo S8R -52062).
WEIGH BAG
69
DIMENSIONS: The dimensions given were those of the Sample Collection Bag. The two styles of bags appeared to be of similar dimensions in photographs. CAPACITY: 14000 cm3. The estimate of capacity was based on the dimensions taken from Sample Collection Bags. USE: The weigh bags (Figs. 101-104) were used on the early Apollo missions to hold the rock and soil samples as they were collected. The bags were attached to waist of the space suit or to the lunar module with a tether hook. On Apollo 14 the bags were hooked to the Modularized Equipment Transporter, the two-wheeled cart. Rectangular metal frames shaped the bottom of the bag and formed the opening at the top. Weigh bags full of samples were placed inside of Apollo Lunar Sample Return containers for return to Earth. ACTUFGR: Uncertain; may have been Union M Carbide, Nuclear Division, Oak Ridge, 'IT4 Fig. 101. Space-suited person practices filling a weigh bag with soil using a box-shaped scoop during a simulation of lunar sample collecting activities (NASA photo S6932248). APOELB MISSIONS: Weigh bags made from a plastic film were used on ApoIlo 11 and 12. Pipollo 14 weigh bags appeared in photographs to be made from a woven cloth. Sample Collection Bags replaced the weigh bags on later missions.
PLASTIC FILM WEIGH BAGS
M m P Z I L S : The Pipollo 11 and 12 weigh bags were made from teflon film," Rectangular metal frames gave shape to the top md botesm.
CLOTH WEIGH BAG
MAmRIALS: The Apollo 14 weigh bags appear in photographs to be made of a woven cloth, white in color. Recmgula m e d frames gave shape to the bags.
Fig. 102, E ~ n j ~ t keforr y Weigh Bzy is aitacl~edto arnozher "asuorra?~k" darir:g the sirriu!:?red innar snrtace ac~iviiics
sllcwn in Fig. lix! SP,SA phoi.0 Sm-32242'~ ,
'Uel CIanton, perwnd communication (1989)
78
WEIGH BAG
Fig. 103. Weigh bag of the style used on Apollo 11 and 12 packed inside of an Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container. The rectangular metal frames are visible through the plastic film (NASA photo S70-29821).
Fig. 104. Weigh bag packed inside of an Apolls 14 Idunx Sample Return Container prior to flight (NASA photo S7018'760j.
PART 11. SUMMARY OF TOOL AND CONTAINER WEIGHTS
7 I
Apollo Apollo Apollo Apollo Apollo Apollo
11 12 14 15 16 17
72
SUMMARY OF TOOL & CONTAINER WEIGHTS

placing several scoops full of soil, from a broad area around the lunar module, directly into the rock box. In contrast on Apollo 16, a special device designed to sample the upper mm of soil was used on the shielded side of a boulder to obtain an undisturbed sample weighing less than 2 grams. These trends are illusuated in Figs. 105 and 106. Figure 106 also shows that the collecting tools and containers became more efficient with each mission, since the sample weight increased much faster than the the weight of tools required to collect Lhe samples. The tool and container weight actually decreased on the last mission.
The six Apollo missions collected 2196 individual samples weighing a total of 381.7 kg. Fifty-eight samples weighing 21.5 kg on Apollo 11 expanded to 741 samples weighing 110.5 kg by the time of Apollo 17. Table 1 shows numbers of samples, weights of samples, average sample weight, and weights of the collection tools and containers for each mission. Since we had no prior experience collecting samples on the moon, the main goal on Apollo 11 was to obtain some lunar material and return it safely to the Earth. As we gained experience, the sampling tools and a more specific sampling strategy evolved. On the later missions, with increased mobility, greater numbers of samples, with smaller average weights, representing more varied locales or conditions were collected. For example, one of the major soil samples from Apollo I1 resulted from
Table 1 Numbers of Lunar Samples, Weights of Lunar Samples and Smpling Tools
MESSION
NUMBER OF SAMPLES
WT. OF SAMPLES.
AVE. WT. OF SAMPLES,
WT. OF TOOLS & CONTAINERS,
Tables 2-7 are lists of tools and containers flown on each mission as verified by the flight stowage lists, the rock box packing lists, the Sample Information Calalog, Apollo d l , the Apoilo 14 Voice Transcript or observed in phomgraphs laken on the lunar surface. Hammers increased in weight when tke head was broadened to facilitate the driving of core tubes. Aluminum boxshaped scoops, steel-bladed small scoops and a trenching tool (shovel with adjustable angle) converged into a single scoop which was capable of all the functions actually needed. This resulting scoop had a steel, covered pan, and the angle of the pan was adjustable. Tongs were lengthened and the tines were strengthened. The rake, added to the later missions, turned out to be very useful. The first large tote bags for c q i r a g samples, cdled Weigh Rags, were made of teflon film. These evolved into Sample Collection Bags made from teflon cloth laminate and having pockets for special samples. Several styles of small bags for holdmg individual samples were used on the missions. The most sucessful small bags had aluminum rims with tabs. The rim held the bag open and the cab served as a handle &at a spacesuited asistronaut could grip. The rim and tabs also served as the closure mechanism for the bag. The greatest need for modification occurred with the core tubes. The initial core tubes were small diameter, thickwalled tubes with a funnel shaped bit for use in fluffy soil. The dense lunar soil did not easily flow into these tubes.
The bits were modified for Apollo 12 and 14, and on Apollo 15 completely new core tubes with larger diameter and thinner walls were introduced. These tubes performed well and were used on the remaining missions. The lens-scriber-brush was apparently never used. In addition, the small scoop and the core tubes were never used as chisels as their designs had permitted.
SUMMARY OF TOOL & CONTAINER WEIGHTS
73
11
12
44
15
I6
17
APeSbbO MlSSlON
Rg. 105. The number of samples collected on ncech ApoUo rnission,
nn
I wt. SAMPLES
I1
12
74
45
I6
17
MISSION
Fig. 106. The weight of smples collected and khs weight o f t h e ~;arn?le coll~~ng tools and con&iners for each Apollw missnoa
74
SUMMARY OF TOOL AND CONTAINER WEIGHTS

Table 2.
Bag, Document& Smple, Rae, Rectangds-shape Bag, Document& Smple, Flat, Recmgdx-shape Bag, Document& Smple, Flat, Recmgdx-shape Bag, Documented Sanrmpl~, Ekt, Recbangda-shape Bag, Bocumentec-BSmple, Rat, Recmgdar-shape Bag, Dacuinenteil Smple, Flat,Recmgda-shape sag. We@ Bag, Wengh Bag, Weigh, tether hook Gonraanet, Apollo Lasnaar Smgle R e t m (tSkSRC) aluminum mesh pac&ng material ConBaner, Apsllo Lunar S m p l e Reem (ALSRC) R e t m (ALSRC) Csntaaner, ApolBca Lunar Sara~ple Container, Apsllo Lunar Sample R e t m ( L S R C ) duminum mesh packing material Contanner, Contingency Sample, Soft Conminer, Gat; Andysis Sample (GASC) Conta~ner, Special Envnronment Sample (SESC) Brave Tube, 2-zm Dlmet@r Bnve Tube, Zcm Dame&r Extension Hmdle, Short Hammer, tight-weight Scale, Sample Scoop, Box-shape Tongs, Small
Part weight and/or p a t number was taken from a typical la01 o: a ~ n t a h e r'!'he . inhmafon is not specific t~ flight hadwxe for r i i s mission,
75
Bag, Dmumented Smple Bag, Documented Smple, H%it, R ~ m g d a r - s k a p Bag, Document& Sample, Rat, R ~ m g u l a - s h a p Bag, Document& Simple, E;lat, Rwmgul;d~-shape Bag, Organic SmpXe Monit~a Bag, Orgmic S m p i e Monlasr Bag, Weigh, tether hook Bag, Weigh Bag,Wcigh Bag, Weigh Bag, Weigh Bag, Weigh Bag, Weigh Coneainer$Apollo Lunar Sample R e t m (ALSRC) Container, Apollo Lunar Sample R e t m ( f i S R C ) Conhiner, Apolls Lunar Sample R e t m (ALSRC), aluminum mesh packing makrial C o n ~ i n e rAgolls , Lunar Sample Return (ALSRC), aluminum mesh packing r n a ~ e h l Conlajiner, Contingency Sample, Soft Container, 6%Andysis Sample (GASC) Container, Lunar Env~onmewt Sample &ESC) Conrainer, Special Environment Sample (SESC) 2-crn Dimekr, cap D ~ v Tube, e Drive Tube, Z c m BiameEr Drive 'kube, 2-cm Diamekr Drive Tube, 2-cm D l m e k r Drive Tube, 2-cm Diameter, cap ba: bracket asembiy Drive Tube, 2-crn D l m e k r Extension Handle, Short Gnomon Hammer, Light-weight Scale, Sample Scoop, Box-shape Scoop, srndl Tongs, Snlall Tool Caner, Small 24192.3 grams
* .part weight u~siior part nurnlsler was iakm from a tyb.v:,a:al tool or container. 'T'fae k;fc>rrnationis not specific to flight hmdware for this
mission.
76

-
Table 4.
TOOL 0 1 4 ,CONTAINER
PART NUMBER
S E W I L NO.
Bag, Documen*d Sample, Cup-shape Bag, D~cbnsnend Sample, Cup-shape, 35 bag daspnscr Bag, Docaimentd Sample, Flat, R ~ m g u i u - s h a p e 15 bag dlspnser Bag, Orgmlc Sample h'ionlkor Bag, Orgmlc Sannpis Monrror Bag, Wergl~, d unn~nuili mesh Bag, VJe~gk Bag, Welgia, dumlnum mesh Bag, Weigh Bag, Welglr. -+ tether hook Bag, Welgl.1 mesh Bag, "&erglit.,a%um~nurri Bag, Idkielgh Bag, Vde~gl-1. aluwr~rrwmmesh Bag, Weigh Bag, We@, lether hook Bag, Weigh, tether hook Bag, Weigh Bag, Weigh + eelher hook Bag, Weagh, alumlnurn mesh Conalrier, Apollo Lbsnx Sample Return (ALSRC), alumrnum mesh packing naaakrad Container, Apollo LunLG SanpBe R e r w ( L S R C ) Conealner, Apollo Idran& Sample Retusx ( U S R C ) , accessones Con~lner, Apollo hdii~~ar S m p l e Return (I$LSRC) Conm;irL;icr, Apolls, I,snrsar Sample Return (ALSRCQ, alumanulai ant:& p8cknng wraier~l C o a a u ~ ~ Apollo ~ e r ~ LUPLS Smpple Return (ALSRC), axessones Coneaner, Contnngency Sanrgle, Soft Gonlsnner, Magwetic Shleld Satraple (MSSC) Conranraer, Specla1Eniiirsrrnierat Sample (SESCJ Contaner, S p e c ~ d L~uavuunrnent Sznpke (SESC), shroud Crtritalner, Special Ernv~rcnme;~t Sampic (SESC)
shroud
Concaner Spzclal Enx/a~onment Sx:1p1e (SESC),

hb"(.~d,
Q:onmincr, Specaai Grivunnment Sample (SESC) Cunm~r~cr, Specad4 En~~rorrnnseaat Sarnplc QSESC) Drive 'fiibc, 2-crn D!ame@r Dra17e Tube, 2-can D~a~actea Drive Tubc, 2-cm D~xnetcr, sap & bracket dssernbly Drava Tube, 2-cm Dl;salili"ker cap & i;rdcke"6$euers,b?y Drrve Tube, 2-cnl Pllmerer DIlve Tube Z-tmDxaneter Dnve Tube, 2-cm Drara-r-netes Dnve Tube, 2-cm D~a~aletcs Exier sson 1lanciit;-,, tang cunllfiekrd next page
'7 '7
Gnomon m m e r , Heavy-weight kns-scfikr-brush Scale, Sample Scoop, Box-shape Scoop, Small Tongs, Small Tongs, Small Tool Carnier, Small Trenching Tml TOT& W E I G m for APBLLO 14
34M5.0 g r m s
* Part weight and,ior part number was taken &om a ypical tool 01 conukraer. The: hformztion is not specific mission.
fight h x d w u e from this
78
SUlVMARV OF TOOL AND CONTAINER WEIGHTS
Bag, Documented Sample, Flat, BC~ragdar-shape 20 bag c%spixser Bag, Doc:umenld Sample, Fht, R ~ b n g u l a s - s h p e 20 bag dispenser Bag, Dosuntent& Smpie, Fb, RemguBx-shape 20 bag dlspnser Bag, Document& Sample, Na%, R mt%sagd~-shtx: 20 Sag drsgenser Bag, Documenesd Sznple, E%%;IB, R~tarrgiala-shdpc 20 bag dispnser Bag, Document& Sm~pIe, Flat, Rwhngd;u-shpe 20 bag dasp,nser Bag, Exu-a Sample Collection Bag, Extra Sample CoHecaos, Bag, Extra Sanspie CoBlection Bag, Exua Sample Collection Bag Organic Sznple Moraltor Bag, Organic Sanple Pdora~lor Bag, Ssmple CoLle~t~un Bag, Sample Collection Container, Apoilo Liklzar Smple R e l o ( U S R G ) Conamer, Apolio Lunar Sz;atigle Return (ALSRC), clot3 tenon wrap Ccntalner, Apollo Luna Sample Ratam (tpb,SRgli)> aa-essones Coxlbni:e~,Apuilo L i ~ g l d qa11pI~ R e t m (M>SRC) Container, Apollo Lurrar Sample Retwx (k*aLSRC), aaezsorses Coliarrrer, C~~ntkrkge~~cy Saa~lple, Soft Conra~ne;, Spec:ak E~?pi~~~.oiaris,t'KI(i Sample iSESC) Conk~raic r, Specraf E~lvlronrncare Sample (SESCj Contancr, Specla1 En7daronmenhS m p i e (SESC), teflo,I si1roud Cosa~iner, Sgeclal Ena*nonxl~len& Sanlple (SBSC) Dr r i E Sy dern (:1LSD) Dnll, Stem, c ~ @;~a.,k p assdznbiy T,n&l, Sterr1 -s Bat Drili, Swirl Dral?, $tern Dnii S k m . cap lack a w m b l y Dzrii, S k n i DrA, Shcoi BrlB1, $ i t m EBrlve 'S ,~Txc 4-cni L ? I ~ I ~ c ~ ~ P Dnue Tube, 4-car Dbmcter I.lnxda T L I ? ~ ~ -.C I DL\.antimeker,tef?on sjarcruld l3nvc 7 4 cm Dnaaaifter Fnke T dbeg4- : I T IB a xxbteter Bnve Tube, 4-cm Dameta Drrve liabc, 4-clnr Dmneter Dm e Tube, 4-cm r)aaneter Dnve 7 u?e, 4-cni 34acimett.r cap & bracket ~ s c m b l y Dmve Tube. 4-cm D~bmetcr brsve P".~be, 4ck n alamcter, ~ 2 & 2 bra kee aswrnbly
003 027 020 040 003 022 023 Or, 1 2012
2 0 0 7

Apollo 15 continued
79
Drive Tube, 4-crn D h e k r Drive Tube, 4-cm Dimecer, cap & bracket asernbly Extension Handle, Long Gnomon WaPlarner, Heavy-weight Rake Scale, Sample Scoop, Small Pndjus~ble Tongs, 32-inch Tongs, 32-inch Twl C d e r , Lage
'
The weight of the tool carrier, from the Flight Stowage List, pabably included Lli: weight of the scoop and h listed as 0.0 gram weight.
80 ------------
TOOL OR COmAXMR --Bag, Docw~ented Sample,Flat, Recmgdm-shape, 20 bag daspnser Bag, Doczrmerabecl Sample, Rat&e&mg~Ei;ar-shaw, 20 bag ddis~xnses Bag, Documented Sample, Rat, 1ikeceaxlg~~~-shape, 20 bag dispenser Bay, Dacurnen~d Smple, Rae, Recf~qgula-shape, 28bag d~spenser Wag9Documented Smple, Flar, Rec&~~gr_rBx-shape, 20 bag dispenser Rag*DocumenEd Sample, Eat, Rzcmgrai~-shitpe~ 20 bag diswnser Bag9Docuanented Sample, Flat, Rzcmgdx-shape, 20 bag dispenser Bag, Exwa Sample &'o!lecQon Bag, Expa Saknple Collection Bag, Bxlra Sample Collect~on Bag, Exua Sample CoUecdon Bag, Orgmpnlc S m p l e MonltoaBag, Organic S&%pleMonitor Bag, Rateclive Padded Sample (WSB) Bag, Protective Padded Sa-nple W S B ) Bag, Sample Collwtion Bag, Sample 67011echc.n Bag, Sample CoUecebm Bag, Sample Collw%jolr Conuiner, Ap0i4~ k,uaa Sarn~~le Return (fiSWC), agessorjea, Container, Apolli~ b,e?dliir Sample Return (ALSRC), p~cklrzg f~aclc Con~iner Apotlo ~ b,unw Smryke R e e m (ALSRC) ConBinea, Ayxplicl 1m a r Sanagle Return (USRC), amessones Con&iner, A~oIBcI Lunar Sample R e t m (M-SRC) Corasalraer, Core-, Sairlpie V~ecuum (CSV(.') con miss^, Specbl Envixoncienr Sample (SESC) Device. Conuc! So11 Sarnplmg, Bern Cloth (CSS$P) Dev~ce, Con fact Sod Sanpldng, Velvet Cloth (CSSD) Drill System (ALSD ! DrdI, Stern Bmlii, Sknr Brill, Sten%C q s BnI1, Stem DnBP, Stern Dral%, Skmn Drill9 3ten-i DPII~, Stern BI& Drive Tube, 4-~1,aD~arneCer Drave Tcbe, 4-CMT91an~eter Drivt Tube, 4-cm BSaCm-iekr Dnve Tube, -I--c ~ r tF llmekr Dnve Tube, 4 en, DrW ~ eT ~ r Dnve Tnhe, 4-crn D a m e k r ~Jnv7 c ube 4-iln % h - r ~ e ~ k ~ . r
P
PART NUMBER
SERIAL NO.
mIGE-PT 440.4
1015
I017 SCB8 SCB7 SCB6 SCBS 1023 1019

SCB 1 SCB2 SCB3 SCB4
439.1 563.5 569.1 562.1 565.0 71.0 68.7 227.0 227.0 742.7 764.1 779.3 763.8
continued next page
SkIMMARY OF TOBE AND CONTAINER \VEIGHTS
81
Drive Tube, 4-cm Diamekr Drive Tube, 4-crn Dhmeter, cap & brxket assembly Drive Tube, 4-cm Diameter Drive Tube, 4-cn D h e t e r Drive Tube, 4-crn Diameter, cap & bracket assembiy Drive Tube, 4-cm Diameter, cap & brslcket asembly Drive Tube, 4-crn Diameler Extension Handle, Long Extension Handle, Long Gnomon gIamrner, Hc'i:y-weight M e Scde, Sample Scoop, Luge Adjwmble Tongs, 32-inch Tongs, 32-inch Too3 C k e r , Large
SEB391M392-3M SEB39107125-303 SEB33106393-3M SEB39106393-3M SEB39107125-303 SEB39107125-303 SEB39 187125-303 SEB39105248-308 SEB39105248-308 SEB391W387-303 SEB39106380 SEB39105200-302 SEB391M245-301 SEB391M245-301 SGB39105801-4861
2038 2019 2029 2045 2013 2020 2017
3 14.7 111.5 302.3 301.2 109.7 110.4 110.5 816.0 816.0 272.0 0.0 1497.0 227.0 0.0 454.0 454.0 8029.8 # 53028.9 grams
'
T h e weight of the mal cmier, from the Flight Stowage Lisb probably included Lle weight of &e scoop and hxirnmer, each of was listed 0.0 gram weight.
82

Table 7.
TOOL OR CONTAINER
Bag, Documend Sanlple, Cup-shape Bag, DocuaalenM Smple, Rat,Rec~angulx-shape 20bag d ~ s p n s c r Bag, Ducurnen~d Sample, Flak, Rece;mngular-shape, 20 bag dispenser Bag, D ~ r a m e ~ e e Smple, d Rat,R~mguia-shape 20 bag d~spnser Bag, Cducumente~j Smpie, F l a t & ~ & n g u l x - s h a p ~ 20 bag daspnser Bag., Documented Sznule, Feili*Recbngdx-shape, 20 bag d~spnser Bag, Cbocunlented Sanple, Flat, Recmgialar-shape, 20 bag dsspnses Bag, Exhsa Sarnple Collecl~onr Bag, Exka Sample Collec:~on Bag, Exua Sample GslYeceron Bag, Exua Sample C01kect1on Bag, Organnc Sanple Momtor Bag, Orgulc Sannple Monrror Bag, Sample Collecbon Bag, Sample Collaelon Bag, Sample Collecton Bag, Sample Coliect~sra C~n~anz Apollo r, L u n z Sample Return (ALSRC),
aa@SSOl%eS
PART' NUMBER
1024 SCB6 SCB2 SCB3 SCB8 1029 1025 SCB l SCB7 SCBS SCB4
Con~snzs, Apollo I,unar S m p l e Rerum (USRC) CanQ~ner, irpislio Lunar Sampl Return J,Q&SRC) Csnkilner. ApoICo Luncx Sample R e t m (ALSWC), a u es"irSFaes ConQnner, Co;e Sasa;pBe " ' ~ ~ u u z (CSVC) T~ Csnmnner3S~secaai! Erelias~ament Sample (SESC); DralX Syszern (4LS83a)B Dnll, Stem, q p c a Dnl!, Stern, L;Fper IlinZ!, Seem, kippcr Dnii, Stern, kipper Drkrl Sr6211, lc~wc 1 Drrli, Stern, apper Dn!1, Bit I>i~li, Stzrn. aq?pdr Un11, Stenr, ~ p p e r Drrve ?rAht-,4-ern l"ardrneker,cap & bracket asembly Dnve Tube, 4-;rn D~arnstcr Drive Tubc. 4-i n lhbarneta cap & bracket zsersabiy Bnve Tube, 4 can Dlamcter. ilowev Drrve Tube, .%-ern Diameter, Rain tool Drive Tube, J-cxr, Dlamite~, cap & bracket assembly Drive Tube, -4 n: Drameter, upper Dr~ve Tube, 4 crn Dnanaeiex , cap & bracket assembly Dalve Twk, 4 - ~ r n Dialnctes, lower Driw k b e , . I rn Dnarrsc~ a , zap & bracket asec:b2y Drave Tu1x, -r-cn, Diameter, upper Dr ~ u t T : uk, 3 - ~ r n D~amerer, I aiv~ r Dnve T u h , $-,n: FUram~rer~ upper
:j,
SUMh4ARY OF TOOL AND CONTAINER WEIGHTS
83
'FOOL OR C O r n A I r n R Drive Tube, 4-cm Diameter, lower Drive Tube, 4-cm Diameter, upper Extension Handle, Long Extension Handle, Long Gnomon Hammer, Heavy-weight Rake Sampler, Lunas Rover Soil Scale, Sample Scoop, Large AdjjiarsBble Tongs, 32-inch Tongs, 32-inch TOTAL \IVEIGm for AWLLO 17
TOTAL WEIGHT for ALL MISSIONS
SEB39 105248-308 SEB39 105248-308 SEB39100317-304 SEB39100319-301 SEB39 106380-303 SEB39108280-301 SEB39 105200-302 SEB39107M7-301 SEB391M245-301 SEB39106245-301 45687.6
grams
2 3 5 0 9 8 - 7 grams
Information presented in this ca~lcrg was g e n e r a 4 20 yeas ago. Finding these old swordk -- engulEniag &awing$, flxghk lists, photographs, Bogs, memoran& and notec -- was a majcr effort and cobild not have been done withsilt if~e helip of many people. Darcella Wa&ins arc%Norma Conklm, Msrlin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc., enlisted the a d of "old tuners" in their organization lo iden6& the current &awing numbers for the rock boxes and o.ther conharner5 built by then predecessor contractor. Unaon Carbsde, Nuclear Division. Ms. W a ~ n cheerfaUy s sent all dmwings r q u e s + d .
At Johnson Space Center (JSC) m m y NASA employees and contractors helped search records. Joey Pellardn, Oanniplan Cory. in the JSC History Office, enthusiastically and competently located the flight stowage lists (a principal source of infomation for this c a d o g ) and some obscure, but very helpful memos. Kalhryn S m r , OmnipIan Cop., and her co-workers in JSC's Engineering Drawing Cor~trol Center furnished copies of &he many ISC engineering drawings uscd to verify materials &"nd dimensions. Make Pierce, Omniplaw Gorp. in JSC" Programmatic and Enginw,bng DaB Services, and Sue Malof, JSC' Pdaurgement Services Division, located drawings fix outer conhners for the lunar tools arae verified that some some contractorfurnish4 drawkgs are no bnger available throllgh Johnson Space Center. rose ma^ Hudson, B e i n g Cornpay, and her fellow QG record ITiangess seuehed files and verified destrucdon of some documents. Carolyn Fisher, Oarir~iplan Corp., assisted in the semch of the JSG Public Affairs Office artifact and exhibil registers. ?'hornas Wrrrston, Teciaiiiicoior Government Service in the JSC photo archives,
gataently assisted the author in locating and reviewing negatives of tool pborogapky, Mmgo Albores and Jenny Seltzer, L o c f i e d Enghering and Sciences Company in the JSC P1mebry Science Data Center, processed many requests for photographs and assisted in locating docnments. Anita b&ow, of the h,ocfiwd gapllics department, added her o m imaginative touches to give the document a professional Others tdndertook special tasks. Derek Elliot, Assistant C~rai-aeor, Space Science and Exploration Dept., National Air & Space Museum, kandEy generated the Smithsoniam Inst~tutaun's lunar geological 1509 artifact inventory. Charles Gaudner, J S f Technical Services Division, gaciously fa~ilitated the access to lunar tools displayed in B. 10, so that rhey coee461 k e inventon& and weighed. Charles Allcon was padculxly helpful in organizing the data. William A. Parkan, who oversaw the packing of the rock Labosawny at JSC, preserved boxes for the Lban;arr Recel-./-bng a wonderfully complete see of notcs on this effort, Uel Clanton, wk10 paeicipatd in hand tool development at JSC over the years has s h a r d his stories and notes about the lunar g e s i s g ~ c a l tools, t%loughtfully reviewed this rnanarscript. And finally, Claire Dardano, Lockheed Engmecnng and Sclenrces Company, gave valuable adkice, set-up (he Itmar no01 and conuiner d a ~ b a s e (developed to produce rtrls cak%o$)and provided the massion weight ~~ramrs9ie~.
I h c expertise, efforts and pauealce 43E all of these people enabled his catdog 2 0 X comp~Hid, and hex help was very much qpreclatd.
F?.
REFERENCES
1.
85
( I 969) Apolio Slowage Last, Mission AS-507 CM 208/LM-BsAgio110 12. Nov. % 8, 1969. Manned Spacecraft Center, Mousbon,TX.
2.
(1969) Apoilo 11 Prelim'naq Science Report. NASA SP-214, Na&ionalAeronautics and Space Adminisbation, Washington, D.C. (1969) Lunar S m p l e Igormbion Catalog, Apollo d l , Lunar Rweiving B.aboratory, Science and Applicafions Dirxtorate, Bug. 31, 1969, Mx~nesiiSpacecrds. Center, Houston, TX. (1969) Union Cxbide Shipp~ng Ordcs No. U-95353, Sept. 23, 1969 (coneen& of ApLlo 12 ALSRC). (1970) Apollo 12 PreilPninary Science R ~ p o r lN . ASA SP-235, Nallonal Aeronautics and Space Adminishaation, Washington, D. C. (1940) dpoi!o 64 kareltmVwty l,unar Sit~face Praiedurc~,~Lunar Swhce CPperd~ons Oftice, Psllss~sn Operat~ons Brmch, Fgllght Crew SUPIJOP% D ~ Y H SSepa. ~O~ 1970, , Maraned Spacecraft Center, Houseon,T%. (1940) Lunar Sample Analysis Plannilrg Teann mlnuks, Dec. 11940. (1971) Apoiio 14 PreliMlinai~, Scierzce Report. NASA SF'-272, ?;akiond Aeronau"Licsand Space Administration, Wahia~gton,D. C. (1971) Apollo I S Fimi Lunar SurjFOce Proce(iures, Jug. 9, 1871, Lunar Suface P r m d w e s S ~ b o nEVAfiVA , R ~ d u e Brmch, s Crew I"rocd;duresDavisson, Mmnen?Spacecraft Center, Houston, TX. (1971) Apolio 15 Mission Report. Dee. 4941, MSC-05141, NASA, Mmned Spacecraft Center, Houston, TX. 1 .(1971) Apolio Ssowuge Lisa, .%Bissbn H-3, CIVIIOIL,,lb;Z-f-Ca, Apollo 14..Feb. 9 , 1971, Manned Spacecrdt Center, Houston, TX. (1971) Apollo Stowage List, Mia;sioa J-1, CM-%1ZIL.kf-i!ir Apolla 15. Aag. 10, 1971, Ma~ned Spacecraft Center, Houston, TX.
3 . (1971) Familiarization u~ad Support AiranuaPfor Apolio Lunar Surfice Drkli. MCR-71-35, Aug. 38, 1991, Martin Mal-Eet&a, Corp., Denver, C 0 .
3.
4.
5.
6.7.
8. 9.
10.1 12.1
14.15.
(1971) Lunar Sample Infoambkon C?atalog. Apoiio 1.5. MSC-03209,Manned Spacecraft Center, Houshon, 7X. (197 1) Lunar Suvkce Screrltqic E q ~ i p t ~ w n t f Apollo or Mission 15 Furnished by Lunar Su&ce Prdecr OBiee.Mar. 5, 1991, NASA, Manwd Spacecraft Cenber, Houston, TX.
1 ~ 5 . (1972) ~ - NASA-MSC Packrng Rw,ediue b r LM-'r 1 (Apollo Lunilr Sample Rerilrn Conmmers k l md #2). Nov. 30, 1971,Unmn Carbide Nuclew Division, Y-12 Phat, Oak Ridge, TN. 17.18.19.-20~21 . 2 2 (1972) Apolia 15 Prelimiqary YcEen~e Report. NASA SP-289, National Aeronautics and Space Adminis~ation, Washington, D. @, (1942) Apoldo 26 B r e E i m n a ~ S rlence R ~ p o r tNASA . SP-3 15, Na~onal Aeror~autics and Space Adrninisuat~on, Wahington. D. C, (1972) Apoblo Stotvage Lisa, Mt:s:on .I-%, CM-PJ3lI-J!-II, t.lpo!ho db Apa 18, 1972, Mmned Spdcecrafe Center, Houston, TX, (1972) Apollo Sdoxiage List, Mission J.3, Chd-114/L&f-l2, Agfjloldo17. Bu,. 12, 1972, Manned Spacecrdt Center, Houstn, TX. (1972) Lunar Surface Scben:$?c ~ ~ u ~ ~ m e ApuJLu n i j Missaon o ~ 66 Fbrpaiskeid by Lunar Sid5Ca:e P P O J ~Oflice. CI NASA, Mmned Spacecraft Center, HOUSIOP, 1'X. . (1942) Lunar Surjace Scaenrgzc Eyb,pmenrjor -4poi%c i7 Lunai hxj~ciirnenksRq6cb Office, Nov. 1972, NASA, M m n d Spacecrdt Center, 30tistod-a.TPI
86
*- -
REFERENCES
2 3 . 6 % 972)NASA-MSC P x h r g %).r6xes',are for 1 ~ h 4 -9rg9 1 Apllara ;.uraar Sample Relaxn C o n ~ n e #1 r and Csnkner #2. Jan. 5, "r72, linnan Carbide %701y.~ Nuckear Div~snoax, Oak Mkcbge, 7'N,
24.--
(1973) &polls 17 Prrlbminaky Science Rqporl. NASA SP-330, Naijional Aeronautics and Space Adm~niswatisn, Washingtuir, D. 6, (1973) Farial Report of Apulbo 17 Lunizr Sur$ac~Dvdl ivaissron Performnce. Feb 28, 1973, MCR-73- 18, Martin Mx,-rertat%en~space. Denver*60.
in
25 .
26. Bailey N.G. and Ulrrch G . E. (147.4) a4p8;Ido14 Voice Trarts:rrs~t Perimnzng Geological Sl~nieyBlarrcLm of s?,siri>gen'io;;y,Fl.~gstaff, L~Z.
the Geology ofthe Lauadiag Site. E.S.
27. Cd10 A. 3~ (ISalSLlj Rev~seA Lurra Field Gaalogy \xirate-up for Apcsllo 14 Mawon Wcquirerr~entsDocument (IdWD). Mamcrrandum $0hhmqer, Ayolh Spacec~al'k Pilc\grafn Olfice. [kt. 7,I 9 ]$I,WASA, Johnson Space Center, tioustan, '6X.
28. C m l c r W. I? 111, lohnwn S 174.. Crmsrasccj L. Ti. and Schmbcil R.(1972) Core sample,depth relationships: Ago110 14 m d i 5. Pruceedings Limar .Science Coatfer~nce, 3rd. pp. 3213-5221.
2 5 ) . Kraener F. E., ' T ~ e d d P l ,. B ant? Waltcn W. J", 19. Jr. (1971) A1"?o!lcI1 Lunar Sar~ple Informaaor, Cstolog (Rmlsed). JSC-12522, NASA, JoSansor: Space Ccatc?, Horaseorr, 9X. 30.Taskr~r; W. A. (o:idareci) PacGng Pro~edwe for L34-6. Sanplz Retun? Contanner # I , PltSRC 1602. From Pxkm's
coBl~trsn of packing pmce(l:~es hottscd 111 Planetary Scleance Rramch Library, NASA, Johnson Space Ceneer, Hoirstn, TX
3 I. Pxkan W. 4. (irn&%tse"r) 'Test I3reprarauon Sheet No. 678. p. 9. Froen Pxkam's col%ectio~i of packzng procdures housed in P%me&ry Science Branch Llbra.~~, NASA. johncian Space Center, Houston, 'E.
32. Pxkczn W. A. i1949) ALSRQ-3606, ALSRC packh~ng psoeedaxre a13 nreru~nzed \%edyInlsfur ALSRC 1003 and 1004, Pannomeed by P ~ h Jun. n 3 , 19661, laoused m Plaltriztaly SC~ZP~C~*" Br:mc;"a Library, NASA, Johnson Space Center, ]tioasl.:~n, TX.
33. Pxkara W. A.(16269) I%cknnng weigh65 lor AI,SRC 4 608 3x1~1 1009, Annur;ied by Parkan Oct. 23. 1969, housed in Plmerary Scaeraca Bran-echi,~brary,NASA, Jcph~~ssan Space Ces.rter, f40a:~ti~ts T X .
34. Paban W. A, (1 972) Apd1r.1 17 AE,SkC &trnasir F:igne bi&~d\vase Weight Br&;lo~~n, Melnormdurn m Mmager, Lunx Receiving I,:sb~srdrosy, Dcc. 4,1922, NASA, _R:SanntxiSpm%~xrarb Ccnrei, Hnaston, TX,
35. Simmons . ; 6 (1911) On r h V ~ o s n wtth $polio 13 r l Gassd~bouk ro &Iadiey Rrlle and the Apenr~ineAa/Jtmtcsrns. June 1941, T%iaS,.",, A4dn1xedi Spacecraf; Ctqarzr,Mltansion, TX
36. Siinnesns @* (5972) On !he Afoc~r, ~uiibzA p ~ i 116, l ~ A Guidehonk f~ the Decarres Region. April 1971, NASA EP-95, PAatmed Spare;1a?3 Cenasr, PTousto:clnj TX,
37. S~mnaons G . (19721 On the ,Moon ~r~rth iapollo 2 7 , A (;lildebook lo T ; k u r : ~ ~ ' - I , i t t19ec. ~ o ~ , 1942, NASA EP-101, Marir,rd " j a c ~ i ~ , r Ct;.:71inr, ~lt I-itj?is~~7 ~ lX. k,
38. Suit K.1,. ( J 940)A~iollo Lnxm Sample &<~:PI,I",ICbriDiaacr F"rt:anlssiois isroi-cssing, Mt:mo;andu:rx tcs Manlager, I_,unz Raxivinp E.aboratsry, Dec. 8, 19'70 (Apol-lo 1 4 ) : NASA, ?vkw~reil %y?ac;;cr:afl. Center, Bousbun, 7 X . 39 Suit M,L. ( 1 9 7 1 )Ayoiio Lunar Sample Return Coni;am~er i%crnission Processiaig. Mcmoramdalm tcr Manager, Lunar Receiving i,ah~lhlury,JwI.?. 2% lQ'7 1, YJ,\SA,Marlncd S~.xicecraft Center, lfiruslon, TX,
40. Suit M,I d . ( 1 9 7 ' 2 )ApolEo 16 AL,SRC and Fligiit Ilixdvme Bre&kdcti~:n.Iklcmorandkriaz io Manager, l,unx Reeiving Laboratory, Jan. 31, 1972,NASA., .M:;risred SpaCecr,afrCzn~er, Horiston, TX.
4 1. Wxner J, F.(197C9 Apoi60 12 l.unar-.suinple Ip1,fi3rrnutbon.WASA 'IR-R-3S?, N;tbinnaY AeaonauGcs m n id Space Admintsnaeion, 'ddashingl:rn, D, C,
42. Zaxcaro 1. G, (1 970)Co&xdoi; d o c i m i 6 n l . a arid stowage of rnagt~ctic sangk eG he c;b&;iind as part of Experiment S059 Lunar Field Ccolc~gy. Merz<jr:rkdun 1:) hrirnager, i,unar Ris,cceivi!?gE~a.borak>q, Apr, 1, 1970 (ApitlIo 14), NASA, 3iTaine~i S~pacecrrtf~ Ceaiicr, HO:BS~OR, 'TX.";.,
APPENDIX
TOOL & CONTAINER INVENTORIES
84
SampEng tools and c o n ~ n e r smade , for the A p l l o progrm for flight or as t~ainingunits, spares or prototypes, are cwatcd at several locations. All space hardwae which has no further use is curated by the Smithsonian Institution. Some pieces are used for ducationd p w s e s in exhibits, m d others are still u s 4 for reference by hose concerned with lunar sample history and fabrication of space tools. Since experience gain& in the design of the Apollo hardwae aa1a.y benefit future space missions, the following inventosies of lunar sampling tools m d conPainen held by the Smihsonian Institution and Johnson Space Center axe provided. These inventories are not a comprehensive listing of existmg Apollo sampling hardware, but show only nlajor pieces at two locations. Table A-l is a list of lunar sampling tools and containers in the National Ai9 and Space Museum coIiection, inquisies about this collection should be addressed to: Derek 5V. Elliott, Assistant Curator, Space Science m d Exploration Dept., National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C, 20550. Items should be identified by the NASM and Cadog numbers. This list was provided by Mr. Ellio"Ln December 7, 1988.
Table A-2 is a list of tools and corrlainers in custody of the Public Mfairs Office at Johnson Space Center. Mr. Louis A. Pslrker, Mail Code AP411, Johnson Space Center, Houston TX 77058, is knowledgeable about this collection. The author compileci this list November 4, 1988 from the ktifact Register and the Exhibit Register in the Public Mfairs Office. Table A-3 is a list of lunar sample containers and core tubes by the Lunar Sample Curator at Johnson Space corae~olled Center. Dr. John W. Diewich, Lunar Sample Curator, Mail Code SN2, Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77058, is howlegeable about this collection. The containers were i~rvensoriedMay 21, 1987, and the core tubes were Inventun'i& February 7, 1989. Table A-4 1s a list of tools controlled by Technical Services Division, Johnson Space Center. Mr. Charles J. Gardner, XaiT Code JH42, johnson Space Center, Houston, TX 77858, is knowledgeable ahour this p u p of tools. This list was compiled Nove~nber 4, 1988 by observing tools &rough a glass case.
88
APPENDIX
- -
Table A-I, National Air & Space Museum
NWSM
Gat, Ns,
Nomenclature
Part #
Ser. #
NIA T-38
5016 1975-0129
Bore Stem Bare Bore Bore Bere Sore

Brush Brush
6770 1981-0893 Bore Stem 6770 1981-0894 Bore Stem

6778 1981-0895 6 7 7 0 1981-0896 6770 1 9 8 1 - 0 8 9 7 5016 3975-0130 5C04 1 9 9 5 - 0 8 4 1 5004 1975-0064 6364 1 9 7 9 - 1 0 4 6 6364 1979-1043 5129 1995-0754 6364 1979-9044 6 3 6 4 1979-1645 5004 1975-3063 5 0 0 4 1975-0038
Stem
Stem Stem Stem Stexn
T-65 T-49
T-64
Brush Brush
Brush
T-71 N/A 48 PO01 2082 2884 2087 2011

2008
Brush Brush
SEB39100406-102 SEB39100406-20% SEB39100406-202 SEB39108406-203 SEB39L00406-203 SEB39100406-203
SE839100406-203 SEB39107195-481
Brush 5004 1975-9862 Brush-Scribe-Lens 7 3 5 1 1 9 8 5 - 0 6 1 4 Bmsh-Scribe-Lens 5 0 0 4 1975-0820 B r l s h - S c r i b e - L e n s 6786 1 9 8 2 - 0 0 7 7 Bmsk-Scribe-Lens 5013 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 0 9 Brush-Scribe-Lens 6 7 5 2 1981-6697 B r d s h - S c r i b e - L e n s 6 7 5 2 1981-0698 Brush-Scribe-Lens
Color Chart Caztingency Saxnpler Contingency Sampler 5106 b975--0595Contingency Sampler

5804 1975-0049 4 8 8 3 1974-0860 5 5 6 5 1977-8253
M-11329-EK-004-D-0% M-%13%9-ER-O04-B-05
M-11329-EH-804-D-05 M-11329-EX-004-D-06 K-11386-EM-580-E PS660l08822-QO5 PS6OQl00022-805 PS600100022-085 PS600180022--965 PS60QlOQ@22-QO5
5 0 1 6 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 3 9 Contingency SaxnpPer 5665 1 9 7 7 - 0 2 1 5 &ere Sample Vac, Gsnt, 6 7 7 0 1981-0898 Core Stem
6740 6770 6770 6770
1981-0899
Core Stem
1981-0890 Cora Stem 1981-0901 Core SCew 1981-0902 Core Stem

Stem
2813 2014 105 1602 $083 2 004 2009 20x0 2011 2010 TR-3 1068 1009 3067 L 00 2 031% 043 046 047
054 057 858
6776 1 9 8 1 - 0 9 0 3 Core Stem

6 7 7 0 1 9 8 1 - 0 9 0 4 Core 6 9 7 6 1981-0906 Core 6478 1 9 8 1 - 0 9 0 7 Core 6 7 7 0 1 9 8 1 - 0 9 0 5 Core 5 8 0 4 L975-.0043 Core 6 1 7 8 198%--0908 Core
PS600106022-005
2S663106C22-695 PS600%0&0%2-085 PS608100022-005 PS600100022-007
Sten
Stem
Stem
none none
071
Stem Stem
none norie
none none
-- -
Table A - l continaed
6770 1983-0911 Core 6776 198%-0912 Core 6778 1981-0933 Core 6770 1381-0914 Care 6770 $ 9 8 1 - 0 9 1 5 Core 6770 1981-0916 Core 6770 1981-0917 Core 5004 1975-0044 Core 6770 198%-6918 Core 6770 1981-0891 Core 6770 1981-0892 Care 5684 1975-0045 Core 6770 1981-G877 Care 6770 1981-0881 Core 6776 $981-0884 Core 6790 1981-0882 Core 6778 1981-0885 Core 677'6 1981-6883 Core 6776 1981-0886 Core 5013 1975-0301 Gore 6776 1981-0880 Core 2546 1972-8827 C o r e 2546 1 9 4 2 - 8 8 2 5 Core 6978 1981-0887 Core 6776 1981-0878 Core 6770 1981-0888 Core 6770 1981-0879 Core $064 1974-0761 Core 6715 1989-0589 Core 6 7 5 2 1981-0711 Care 5013 1975-0118 Core 5013 1975-0123 Core 6752 $ 9 8 1 - 8 7 1 6 Core 6752 1981-0917 Csse 6770 1981-0909 Core 6778 1981-8916 Core 2546 1972-0837 Core 6752 1981-0713 Csre 6752 1981-0714 Core 5013 1975-6120 Care
S t e m Bit
Stem Stem Stem Stem Stem

Stex
Bit Bit
B i t
Sten Stem Stem Stem Stem Tube Tube Tube Tube
Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Cap S e t Cap Set Cap S e t
467A805086G-0ll 467A8850000-011 467A8650006-011 46TA805G080-0Ei 467A8058000-011 467B8055000-011 none none none 467W8060683-039 46388060003-639
147 139 1 47 149 165 167 177
none
none none none

none 102 203% 2034 2032 2835 2033 2036 2004 2027 2014 26x5 2046 2061 2047 2883 9640 2028 2 1 9 3 0 2039 2020 2021 2025 2011
201%
none
SDB39900377-001T SEB39103375-112 SEB39106375-112 SEB39b88375-113 SEB39100375-113 SEB391QO375-114 SEB39100375-114 SEB391Q375-203 SEB34108395-208 SEB39109375-290 SEB39100375-211 SEB39100375-212 SEB39PQQ375-214 SEB39100375-213
S3839100375-214
Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube

Tube Tube
Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube Tube
Tube Tube Tube Tube Tubs
5 3 ~ 4 1975--0042 Core Tube
Shells Shells Shells Cap & Bracket Cap & Bracket Cap ki Bracket Cap & Bracket Cap & Bracket Cap & Bracket Cap & B r a c k e t A s ~ i y ,
SEB39100375-3QE %EB39%00475-301 SEB39100375-301 SEB39180375-301 SEB39103155-281 SEB391Q3155-20% SEB39103155-281 Assy,, SEB39%03885-101 Wssy,, S E B 3 9 1 6 3 P 8 5 - $ 0 1 Assye, SEB39103185-261 Assy,, SEB39183185-362 AsSy., SEB39103185-382 Assy., SEB39103185-382
2002 20x0 2813 2014 39 0 3
90
APPENDIX
Tabla A-P continued
$083 631% 6314 6314 6314 6314 6414 6314
Sample Eag Cups Sarnp-~e Bag Cups TR8/TW15 f TRLG, 10543-m-011-00 T R ~ Sample Bag Cup Sampie Bag CUPS 18543-m-015-00 16Q4/TRl/TRT Sample Bag Cups Sampls Bag Cups Sample Bag Cups 1979-0816 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 1 7 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6334 1979-0818 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6314 1 9 9 9 - 0 8 1 3 Dsc, Sample Bag Cups 6314 1979-0820 Doc, Sample Bag Clips 6314 1 9 7 9 - 6 8 2 1 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 2 2 Doc, Sample Bag @ups 6314 1 9 9 9 - 0 8 2 3 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 2 4 Bac. Sample Bag Gups 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 2 5 Doc. Sample Bag Cups 6314 1979-0826 Doc, Sample Bag Cups 6314 19-79-0827 Doe. Sample Bag Cups 6314 1979-0828 Doc, Sample Bag Gups 4084 2 9 7 4 - 0 8 6 5 8 5 8 5x5 F l a t Doc, Sample Bags 4 0 8 3 1 9 1 4 - 8 8 6 6 2 5 9 7 , s x 8 Zlat Doe, Sample Bags 6314 1979-0808 Flat Doe, Sample Bags 6314 1979-0809 Flat Bse, Sam2%e Bags 6314 E979-,0818 F l a t Doc, Sample Bags 6314 1979-0811 Flat Doc, Sample Bags 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 1 2 Flat Doc, Sample Bags 5016 1995-8138 Doc, Sample Bags 11306-EM-030-68 1012 5 1 0 6 1 9 7 5 - 0 5 9 6 Dac, Sample Bags & Disp, 5 6 6 5 1977-028fi & 3 6 , sdm~je & Disp. K-18306-EM-028-E-2 PO11 5 6 6 5 1 9 7 7 - 6 2 8 7 Doc, Sample Bags & Ddsp. M-ll306-EM-820-~-2 1018 Unaceessisned D o e . Sample Bags & Disp, 86-EM-030-00 1808 5 0 0 4 1975-c1038 Lunar S u r f a c e Drill S e t MSC78285 5 0 9 4 1 9 7 5 - 0 0 3 9 Lunar Su3:fac;e Drill S e t MSC78643 5 0 0 % 1 9 7 5 - 0 0 4 8 Spare Drill C h u c k 501% 1 9 7 5 - 6 P % Q Brill Wrsnch 463A80600$8-069 5-6
1974-0867 1979-0885 1979-6806 1979-0807
5816 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 5 1 6 7 5 2 1981-0699 6 4 5 2 1981-0700
6770 6770 5004 6770
Doc, Doc, Doc, Doe. 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 1 3 Doc, 1949-0814 Doc, 1 9 7 9 - 0 8 1 5 Doc.
Drill Krcnch Drill Wrench Drill. Wrench 6 7 7 0 1981-:#Q76 Drive Xube (91) 67-70 1981-6875 Drive Tube ( 0 6 )
1981-0874 1981-0873 1975-8051 1981-0872
U r s v e Tube (17% Dri\ie Tr:bc ( 3 1 ) Drive Tube (443 Drive 'Tuba ( 4 6 )
467A886002Q-009 467A8Q68010-009
3 2-2
467A8060010-809 SEB391Q6393-304 SEB2 9106392-304 SEB39106393-384 SEB39106393-304

SEB39k06392-304
5-5 2001
2666
2017 2041
2016
APPENDIX
Table A - l continued
91
Oeaceessionad
Deaccessisned 6 7 7 a 1981-0919 5016 1975-0136 5004 1975-0050 5023 1975-0121 6752 1981-0715 4083 1974-0860 5004 1975-6031 5013 1945-0111 5013 1975-0115 6104 1978-9498 6104 1998-1500 7351 1985-0609 $ 0 8 3 1974-0862 4083 1974-0862 4083 1974-0862 5665 1977-0254 6314 1979-0773 5 0 0 4 1975-8046 5816 9975-0133 6778 1981-8889 6770 1988-0890 5016 1975-0134 6786 1 9 8 2 - 0 0 7 8 435% 1985-0612 7351 1985-0610 5004 1975-0047 5016 1995-0153 2354 1 9 7 1 - 0 8 1 3 2354 1971-0814 4079 1 9 7 4 - 0 7 9 9 4083 L974-0858 4083 1 9 9 4 - 0 8 5 8 4083 k 9 1 4 - 0 8 5 8 5016 1975-0142 5816 1975-0143 5106 1975--8590 5888 1977-2505 5810 1 9 7 7 - 2 5 0 6
5810 1977-2587
Drive Tube Cap Drive Tube Cap Drive Tube Caps & Disp, Crive Tube Caps & Disp. Drive Tube Cap & Bisp.
Drive Tube R a m ~ e s Drive Tube Ramer Extension Handle

Extension Handle Extension Handle Extension Handle Extension Handle Extension Handle Extension Handle Gas Analysis Sample Con%, Gas Analysis Sample Con%,
Analysis Sample @on$, Analysis Sample Cant. Gas Analysis Sample C o n t ,

Gzs Ghs
Gnomon
Gnomon Gnomon
Gnomon
Hamer Bamer
Hamer
Instrument Staff
LRV S o i l Sampler LRV S o i l Sampler
LSRC
ZSRC
LSRC LSRC
LSRG LSRC
LSRC
LSRG
LSRC LSRC LSRC

ES:?C
5810 1977-25>08 ESdC 5818 1 9 7 7 - 2 5 0 9 LSRC 5 3 8 4 1575-0856 Penecr~mekcr

5 0 8 4 1975-8057 6770 1981-0870
Penetrometer Penetrometer
92
-----------P
APPENDIX
?';able A=% coafiirnascd
ASWC
ASWC
Protective Sample Bags P r o t e c t i v e Saniple Bags 5665 1 9 7 7 - 0 2 5 0 P r o t e c t i v e Sample C a n t , Beaccessioned P u l l P i n

6104 1 9 7 8 - 1 4 9 7 Wake
6 7 9 7 1 9 8 2 - 0 8 9 5 Rakehead Deaeeessioned Reducer Tool Deaceessioned 2 Roller Plungers 2 5 4 6 1 9 7 2 - 0 8 3 6 Sample Cc%leceiow Bag 4 6 8 3 $ 9 7 4 - 0 8 6 3 Sample Collectian Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 7 4 Sample Collection Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 9 5 Sample C o l l e c t i o n Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 7 6 Sample CalLeetion Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 7 7 Sample Collection Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 7 8 Sample CoJ.1 e c t i o n Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 7 9 Sample Collection Bag 6314 1979-0780 Sample Callectisn Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 8 1 Sample Collection Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 8 7 8 2 Sample Collection Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 8 7 8 3 Sample CsbEectisn Bag 6 3 1 4 2 9 3 9 - 0 7 8 4 Sample Colleeeisn Rag 6 3 1 4 $979-0785 Sample Collection Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 6 7 8 6 Sample collection Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 9 9 - 0 7 8 7 Sample Coklectisn Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 8 8 Sample Collection Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 6 7 8 9 Sample C o l l e c t i o n Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 9 0 Sample Collectfsn Bag 6 3 1 4 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 9 1 Sample Collection Bag 6314 1 9 7 9 - 0 7 9 2 Saraple Collection Bag Deaceessi~ned SCB X d e ~ t . Insertion T o s P 2546 4083 4883 4083
1 9 7 2 - 0 8 2 9 Sample Scale
1974-0859 Sample Scale 1974-6868 Sample ScsLe

1994-0869
Sample S c a l e
5013 $975-~0119 Sample Scale 5 0 1 6 %9"75--8135 Sample Scale

6 7 5 2 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 1 2 Sample Scale 5004 l.975%=0028 S~sngs
6715 1981-8588 Scoop

6797 1 9 8 2 - - 0 8 9 6 Scasp Xcad 2546 1972-0825 Large Scoop 5084 1975-6032 Larqe S e s s p 5 8 0 4 %9*15-0065 Large Scoop 5 0 0 4 19 7 5 - 0 0 6 6 Large Scoag~
5084 1975-0034 Small Sssop 6 7 8 6 1 9 8 2 - 3 0 7 9 Small Scoop 7 4 5 1 1 9 8 5 - 0 6 1 3 Small Ssoap
APPENDIX
Table A-1 continued
93
4083 4083 5106 5084 5004 5084 735% 6786 6104 6752 6752 6752 6752 5693 5713 5004
1974-0861
Special Env. Sample
1974-0861 Special Env. Sample 1 9 7 5 - 0 5 9 3 S p e c i a l Env, Sample
1 9 7 5 - 8 0 4 0 S u r f a c e Sampler 1 9 7 5 - 0 0 6 8 S u r f a c e Sampler 1 9 7 5 - 0 0 2 9 Tongs 1 9 8 5 - 0 6 1 1 Tongs 1 9 8 2 - 8 8 7 6 Tongs 1 9 7 8 - 1 4 9 9 Tongs 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 1 Tongs 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 2 Tangs 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 3 Tangs 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 4 Tongs 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 1 2 Tongs 1 9 7 7 - 0 7 5 5 Tongs 1 9 7 5 - 0 0 3 3 ~renchingTool 5813 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 1 3 Trenching Tool 5 % 1 3 1 9 7 5 - 0 1 1 4 Large Adjustable Sco 6 7 1 5 1 9 8 1 - 0 5 8 7 Trenching Tool 6 7 5 2 1 9 8 1 - 6 7 8 5 Trenching Tool 6 7 5 2 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 6 Trenching Tool 6 7 5 % 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 7 Trenching $001 6 7 5 2 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 6 8 Trenching T a s l 6 7 5 2 1 9 8 1 - 0 7 0 9 Trenching T s a l Dea~eesaisned 4 Tubes 5 6 6 5 $997-0284 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1 9 7 7 - 0 2 8 2 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1 9 7 7 - 0 2 8 3 Weigh Bag 5665 1977-8275 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1 9 1 7 - 8 2 7 6 Weigh Bag ASRC Weigh Bag
ASRC
Weigh Bag
5 6 6 5 1 9 V - 0 2 2 7 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1 9 7 7 - 3 2 8 1 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1977-0279 Weiqh Bag
5 6 6 5 1977-6278 K e i g h Bag
5665 1977-0280 Weigh Bag 5665 1977-5272 Weigh Bag 5 6 6 5 1977-0273 Weigh Bag 5013 2975-0117 Weigh Bag 5665 1977-0274 b % i g h Bag 6 3 7 2 1979-1292 d e i g h B a g
6 3 7 2 1979-1293 Weigh Sag 6 3 7 2 1979-1294 Weigh Bay 6 7 5 2 1981-0710 Weigh Bag
94
APPENDIX
Table A-2. Johnson Space Center Public Affairs Office
Scoop Eiammer Tongs Lunar sample bag Rake Gnomon Tool rack Hammer Core tube assembly carrier Slorage comparment bag Lunar dust conla"ainer ALSRC strucrurd sirnulalor PLLSRC slranctural sirnulalor Lunar sample return conrainer Lunar sample bag dispenser with bag Lunar sample bag dispenser with bag T-35 tube T-35 tube Bag, lunar sample, small Scoop S m p l c bag container Lunar sample scale Sample collection bag Sample collection bag Sample collection bag
SEE339150319-207 SDB391S387-002 ?A-10543-RM-Ogk$-C)o; DAM-40020-04 class 3 class 3 EM644 16 11386-EM410-00 11306-EM-010-W 467A806006-109 467A806006-109 10543-RM 2363742 11386-EM-010-8g) SEB39105200-302 M- 10543-RM-084-03; "5" Apollo 16 M10543-RM-OM-03; "3" Apollo 16 M10543-RM-OW-03; "4" Apollo 16
PART NAhTE
EXMIBIT R E G I S E R NO.
SERIAL NO.
PART RTUMBER, DESCRZnXON
Core tube Lunar &drill stem
APPENDIX
Tabre A-3. Johnson Space Center Lunar Sample Curator
PART NANE
95
SERIAL NO.
P m T NUMBER,
MISSION
ApolIs Lunar Sample Return Gonrainer C o n ~ i n e r Apo140 Lunar Sample R e t m Container ConQiner Apoldo Lunar Saanple Return ConGner Container r Apolls Lunar Sarnpie Return C o n ~ i n e Conrainer, s-ring, 5 ea. ApoBls Lunar Sample Return Conwiner Conminer, retainer smp, 3 ea, Apoib L u n u Sample Return Conzhiner Conminer, &rnWrast%Lpe indicamn Organic monitor Organic monitor Orgariic monieor Organic monitor Organic monitor Organic monitor Organic monitor Organic monitor Organic monitor Photeclive padded smlple bag Gas Analysis S m p l e Container Gas Andysis S m p i e Container Special Environment Sample Container Special Environment. Sample Container Specid Envkonmenc Sample Container Special EwviFonmenl Sample Conuimer Special Bnvkonmen~ Sample Container Special Envkonmena Sample Container Special Esavbeonment Sample Gontaher Specid Envko~~ranent Sample Conminer Specid Environment Sample Container Core sample vacuunn container DmumenM sannplh: bags, flat, rectangulx TL)w,umentvJsample bags, flat, recmngula IIPwumenkxI smple bags, flat, rec&klgulx DwunzeraEcl. sample bags, flat, r w m g u l a
EM-6441612
10543-WM-015-01 10543-RM.315-04 10543-RM-015-01 10543-RM-015-01 10543-RM-015-01 '10%3-Rh$-015-08 10543-RM-015-0&, 10543-RM-315-W 80543-RM-015-HI 113W-EM-6W-00 DM-40020-01 LSRC DM-40021-01 DM-40821-01 DM-4082 1-02 DM-4002 1-02 DiV4&S021-WA DM4W21-05A Dh'F4W21-695A BhX-4aN2186rZ
m-B,
m 6 333-8 TR-I I
IX-2
CORE TYIBES
2 c l n damekc coae sphe lener 2 crn cliametcr coae, sj3111liner 2-cm dlamexr core 2-~;n1! dram 6~ core blt 2-crn dr:ma&cr core bnt 2-cn, dlmeter core spbh Pmer with fo'oE%ower 2-em diameter cere split hner 2-cara dlar~~eter csre spht hner 2-crn dlmisalerer core split hnes 2-crn dameler G O ~ L bh;e 2-cia1 ihaneter csre bit 2-cral diaraa~ter core bit 2-crn &an:ekr core 2-cn~ drannekr cone 2-sn; dimleter core 2-GX;", &ixmetsr core 2-crn t h m ~ t e core r spiat h e r with fi.>ll~wer
96
APPENDIX
Table A-3. Johnson Space Center Lunar Sample Curator (eorrstinaased)
PART N
SERIAL NO.
PART NUMBER,
MSSION
2-cm dianeter core split liner 2-cm dimetes core split liner 2-crn diameter core split liner 2-cnn diameter core.split liner 2-cm diameter core split Kner 2-em &meler core tefion sleeve, 6 ea 2-cm diameter core cap & bmcket assembly, inclcndes 3 caps $ chisel bit 2-cm diameter ccm bit 4-cm d i m ~ e kcore r pull ring 4-cm diameter core pull .ring 4-cm diameter core pull ring 4-cm & m e e r core 4-cm diameter core 4-cm dimieter core 4-cm &arnekr core 4-crn d i m e m core 4-cm dlamer.er core 4-cm diameter core 4-crn &meter core 4-cm dimerer core 4-crn diameter core 4-cm diameter core 4-cm diameter core 4-cm diameter core 4-cr?~ diameter ccre 4-cm diameter core caps, 9 m. Core tube cap assembly 4-cnr diifs.11etercore pull pins, 3 a. Drill bit Drill bit Drill stem caps, 5 mka. Drill stena DsilI stern Brill stem Drill stem Drill stem Dril stern Drill stern Drill stern Drill stem caps, 7 e ~ . Drill bit Driii stem DriTi stem Dn31 stem Brill stern Drill stem Drill stern Driii stem caps, 2 a. Drill stem caps, 2 m. Drill bnt Drill stern Dfil? stem Dnil stella Drill stem Drill sten1 Drill stem
Yellow ~llwkillgs Yellow ar-ra~ngs Yellow makings Yellow nlxkmgc; Yellow naakangs YeE%ow markings Yell&+. mcnakiz~gs Yellow makangs
APPENDIX
Table A-4 Johnson Space Center ']Technical Services Divisiom PAPZT N
97
SERIAG, NO.
PART NUmEW,
Extension handle, long Extension h m a e , short Gnomon kns-scrikr-brush LRV soil sarngler cup holder w e Smple scale Spring scale Scsop, box-shap Scoup, small Scmp, smaU adjusbble Tangs, s h o a r 32-inch tongs Tool canrier, large Tool carrier, smdI aencbing too1
GLOSSARY OF ACRONYMS
ALSRC CSSD CSVC ESCB GASC LSAPT LESC LRV MET MSSC NASM SCB
Apollo Lunar Sample Return Container Contact Soil Sampling Device Core Sample Vacuum Container Extra Sample Collection Bag Gas Analysis Sample Container Lunar Sample Analysis Planning Team Lunar Environment Sample Container Lunar Roving Vehicle Modularized Equipment Transporter Magnetic Shield Sample Container National Air and Space Museum Sample Collection Bag

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CATALOG O F APOLLO LUNAR SURFACE GEOLOGICAL SAMPLIHG TOOLS AND CONTAINERS

Ju$ith Haley Allton h k k e d Engineeping and Sciences Company He~uston, Texas

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Lyndon B. Sshnsew Space Center Houston, Texas

CATALOG OF APOLLO LUNAR SURFACE GEOLOGICAL SAMPLING TOOLS AND CONTAINERS

Inside hack ccaver

PART 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS

A. TOOLS AND CONTAINERS USED TO COLLECT LUNAR ROCKS AND SOIL

CONTACT SOIL SAMPLING DEVICE

CONTACT SOIL SAh5PLING DEVICE

VELVET CLOTH SAMPLER

CONTINGENCY SOIL SAMPLER

CONTINGENCY SOIL SAMPLER

The dimensions were estimated from

Fig. 7. Contingency soil mmpler in folded configuration WASA photo S68-54939)-

2-CM DIAMETER CORE TUBE

31.8 cm inside length containing soil 2.0 cm inside diameter

Shell core holder !2)

4-CM DIAMETER DRIVE TUBE

184 g 196 g 73 g 37 g 13 g 1"1g 90 g

DRILL BOWER HEAD

R%&WT;ACTIJXE~: NASA, iohsasor?Space i"ewt.sr

LONGER EXTE?JSION BAKDLE -

IzaradEe was 3031216 stainless s t e l (Fig. 28).

LIGHTER WEIGHT HAMMER

can hammer head length 3.8 cm hammer head thicknes

LRV SOIL SAMPLER

Fig. 36. LRV soil sampler. Photo from [22].

* (3'i?scrva:ion of typical LWV soil sampler basket b y author.

P1:iino frr;n: / ":":I.

LARGE, BOX-SHAPED SCOOP

FAGTURER: NASA Johnson Space Center

W W F A G T I R E R : NASA Johnson Space Center

* ,-1j y i c d scoop v-ieigl~ed an<? ~l~eahrrcd for Clis ca*&iog,

Fig. 45. Small, adjustable-angle scoop (NASA photo S7122472).

SMALL. ADJUSTABLE-ANGLE SCOOP

MMUFAGTUWR: NASA, Johnson Space Center

LARGE, ADJUSTABLE-ANGLE SCOOP

hlAB'EKIALS : The lines were m a d l~ ror-ri aluminum alloy

6061-T6 r-t)rrnd stock B ! I in, in dla:nt:tce, 'ihe i.iarsl;i!e was

Fig. 49. Shorter slylc tongs (NASA photo S69-31855).

Fig. 50. 32-inch tongs (NASA photo S71-22469).

R: NASA, Johnson Space Center

PART 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS

B. TOOLS USED TO SUPPORT SAMPLE SELECTION AND WCUMENTATION

Fig. 53. Brush-scriber-lens (NASA photo S69-31852).

* Observation of typical tool by author.

Fig. 56. Gnomon at Apollo I7 site (NASA photo AS17137-20963).

ACTURER: NASA, Johnson Space Center

Fig. 57. ConfiguraLion and dimensjons of spring scale.

Fig. 58. Sample scale (NASA photo S70-36053).

PART 1. DESCRIPTIONS OF TOOLS AND CONTAINERS

SMALL TOOL CARRIER

* Typical carrier we~ghcdnn 250-!b.

cayclty Uerrscto scale

LARGE TOOL CARRIER

Fig. 66. Large to(?! r:arricr, the i-ide fi?,c?fig fiirv/;irI: o n

FIS 6.5 (NASA

APOL,LO L,UNAR SAMPLE WE'FURN COYTAINER