WR_BT05_E1_1 HSDPA Technology

ZTE University

Content

Driver to HSDPA
HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial Application HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Competition to operator
2.5G
GPRS: 9.05 -171.2kbit/s, Service deployment is bad CDMA2000 1x: 153.6kbit/s, Service deployment is good

3G
CDMA 1x EV-DO: 2.4Mbit/s WCDMA R99/R4: 2Mbit/s

R99

Peak data rate (Kbps) Mean data rate (Kbps)

Introduce HSDPA to WCDMA

The driver to HSDPA

High Speed Downlink Packet Access HSDPA is a new technology to enhance WCDMA PS data service HSDPA gives subscribers new experience of more higher speed data service with shorter time delay HSDPA brings more bandwidth and more online subscribers It is necessary and feasible to introduce HSDPA to WCDMA network With consideration of network planning and deployment cost, HSDPA should be applied at the beginning, or at least the Node B should hardware ready for HSDPA HSDPA brings new requirement of transmission and network planning. Pay more attention to it

HSDPA, Mature technology

2002.6 R5 released 2003.6 HSDPA (High Speed Downlink Packet Access) was added into R5

HSDPA --Max. downlink data rate: 14.4Mbps

HSDPA is smoothly evolved from WCDMA R99 without any big effect to the existing R99 network

1 new transport channel: HS-DSCH 3 new physical channelsHS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH and HS-DPCCH MAC-hs sub-layer, HARQ (Fast Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest), Fast Scheduling and AMC (Adaptive Modulation and Coding)

Competition advantage of HSDPA

Standard WCDMA R99/R4 Data rate (Mbps) 2M Subscribers per cell 31PS64k, 15PS128k or 7PS384k (SF=32, SF=16 or SF=8) 64 (117.7kbps per user, SF=16, R=3/4, 16QAM) 59 (only tens of kbps, 200kbps when 8 users is configured)

HSDPA

14.4

CDMA2000 1x EVDO

2.4

HSDPA supports more users while provides higher data rate!

Perspective of HSDPA application

Higher data rate More users Richer service Obvious advantage to compete with other 3G technology like CDMA2000

HSDPA handset

HSDPA coverage
HSDPA Modem

HSDPA Modem HSDPA fixed terminal Flexible access

HSPDA data card

HSDPA data card HSDPA PDA Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX) and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of broadband wireless access

WCDMA R99/R4 coverage

HSDPA PDA

HSDPA, roundly improves the value of WCDMA network

Content

Driver to HSDPA
HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial Application HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Evolve from R99/R4 to HSDPA

UE
RLC MAC
MAC (add MAC-hs) MAC-hs

UTRAN

RLC MAC-d

HS-DSCH DSCH FP FP

HS-DSCH DSCH FP FP

L2

L2

PHY PHY (add process)

PHY PHY (add 3 channels)

L1

L1

Uu

Iub/ Iur

RNC, Node B: add HS-DSCH FP protocol process, involve Iub/Iur Node B: add MAC-hs, responsible for AMC, HARQ, etc. Node B: add 3 physical channels: HS-PDSCH,HS-SCCH,HS-DPCCH UE: add MAC-hs, physical channels and process, modulation

New physical channels of HSDPA

DCCH(Signaling) + UL DTCH (PS traffic)

DL DTCH (PS traffic)

R99 channel HSDPA channel

HS-PDSCH is the bearer of HS-DSCH, transfer HSDPA user data (downlink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 16, multiple users & multiple codes, modulation method: QPSK and 16QAM HS-SCCH bears information of HS-DSCH such as UE specialized mask code, modulation and coding policy, etc. (downlink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 128 HS-DPCCH bears feedback information of HS-PDSCH such as Channel Quality Indication (CQI), H-ARQ confirm information ACK/NACK, etc. (uplink) 2ms TTI, 3 slots, spread factor is fixed to 256

HSDPA working procedure

Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting

Data Packet Receive data from HS-DSCH according to Detecting HS-SCCH

Node B (AMC and HARQ)

RNC

AMC, modulation and coding selection HARQ, lowers the time delay, improves the data throughput Fast scheduling, quick decision

Key technology: AMC (1)

Standard R99/R4 HSDPA

AMC N Y

Remark Quick power control Satisfy 15dB SIR dynamic range

Adaptive Modulation and Coding (AMC), Node B can adjust modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) and coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc) in time according to the feedback channel state from UE. So data transferring can follow the step of channel state changing in time, it is a good technology for link selfadaptive For long time delay packet data, AMC can improve system capacity without add interference to neighbor cells

Key technology: AMC (2)

Modulation (QPSK, 16QAM) self-adaptive Good channel state: 16QAM Bad channel state: QPSK

CQI (Report periodically)

Node B

Coding rate (1/3, 3/4, etc.) self-adaptive Good channel state: 3/4 Bad channel state: 1/3

Efficiently utilize the channel condition Good channel state: higher speed Bad channel state: lower speed
Codes adjusting Good channel state: more codes Bad channel state: fewer codes

Key technology: AMC (3)

Multiple coding rates

HSDPA, R99/R4 channel bearing ability comparison

Standard R99/R4 HSDPA

Data rate (kbps) 384 720

SF 8 16

Modulation QPSK 16QAM

Coding rate 1/2 3/4

HSDPA, the service bearing ability of one channel is further larger than R99/R4 by using more efficient modulation and coding rate, while SF is twice as R99/R4 As using bigger SF, system can support more users

Key technology: AMC (4)

Multiple coding rates

HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate

Modulation coding rate QPSK 1/4 QPSK 1/2 QPSK 3/4 16QAM 1/2 Data rate (1 code) 120kbps 240kbps 360kbps 480kbps Data rate (5 codes) 600kbps 1.2Mbps 1.8Mbps 2.4Mbps Data rate (15 codes) 1.8Mbps 3.6Mbps 5.4Mbps 7.2Mbps

16QAM 3/4

720kbps

3.6Mbps

10.8Mbps

HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM, 3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channel condition

Key technology: HARQ (1)

Standard R99/R4 HSDPA HARQ N Y Remark FEC is in high layer ARQ is in RLC layer, channel feedback is slow

Includes physical layer HARQ and HARQ entity in MAC-hs

MAC-hs HARQ

TFRC

L2 L1
L1 HARQ

Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ) is a combined technology with Forward Error Correction (FEC) and Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) HARQ can provide flexible and subtle adjustment for its process by cooperated with AMC

Key technology: HARQ (2)

Advantage: improve transferring reliability Disadvantage: lower utilization in bad channel state

Advantage: good performance in lower Bit Error Rate (BER) Disadvantage: bad performance in high BER Send
Packet A

F E C A R Q

H A R Q

Combine FEC and ARQ, each sending packet includes error detection bit and error correction bit

Receive
Discard

Send
Packet A

Receive
Reserve

Resend whole packet

Error packet A

Resent data
Error packet A Packet A missing data

Packet A

Lower efficiency Longer time delay

Packet A

Higher efficiency Shorter time delay

Packet A missing data

Packet B HARQ phase I Resending is in RNCR99

Packet B HARQ phase II, III Resending is in Node B, HSDPA

Soft combination

Key technology: Quick scheduling (1)

HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI) 1 TS = 2560 Chip

Quick channel feedback HSDPA channel feedback time delay is about 8.5 TS
HS-SCCH

HS-SCCH

HS-PDSCH

2 TS

7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip

N TS

Standard R99 HSDPA

TTI (ms) 10 2

Channel feedback time delay (ms) 100 (at least) 5.67

Remark

Supports continuous feedback, R5 also supports 10ms TTI

With quick channel feedback, HSDPA can suitably adjust coding rate, codes, modulation, etc. in time according to the channel state

Key technology: Quick scheduling (2)

Scheduling policy Every user get equal service time, but the traffic maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the lowest traffic

Time fairness

Traffic fairness

Every user get the same traffic, but the time maybe not equal, has the lower utility of system resource because it will schedule the UE with bad channel state Only the user in best channel state (biggest C/I) will get the service priority in each turn, the biggest traffic but has the worst fairness

Max-C/I

Proportional fairness

Weighted compromise of above algorithms and has bigger system traffic and better service fairness

Advantage of HSDPA
Comparing item System capacity (Mbps) Spectrum efficiency (Kbit/(MHz*Cell)) R99/R4 2.668 537.6 Inter-frequency hard HO Intra-frequency soft HO Intra-frequency softer HO Inter-system HO (GSM) Open loop, Close loop (Inner loop, Outer loop) PC, Quick, Slow PC QPSK Quick PC and soft HO N/A HSDPA 14.4 2795.2

System handover

Only hard handover

Power control Modulation Link adaptive technology MAC-hs

HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC or even no power control QPSK, 16QAM AMC, HARQ, Short TTI and Quick channel feedback For faster scheduling

HSDPA
Provides various speed with stable power (stable power, adjustable speed)

R99/R4
Adjust power to guarantee service speed (stable speed, adjustable power)

Content

Driver to HSDPA
HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial Application HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Terminal Changing caused by HSDPA

Powerful 3G terminals Much more powerful, attractive HSDPA terminals

faster processor larger memory advanced receive and process algorithm 16QAM demodulation, multiple decoding MAC-hs process multiple codes HSDPA terminal, first choice for high-end commercial application

HSDPA PC card (MU330)

Functions

WCDMA 2.1GHz, GSM900/1800/1900 WCDMA 384KDL/128KUL, GPRS Class 10 SMS, Voice HSDPA ETSI AT command interface OS: Windows 2000, XP Language: Chinese, English, etc. 3V SIM/USIM card

HSDPA handset (Q508)

Functions WCDMA, GSM900/1800/1900 WCDMA 384DL/128KUL, GPRS Class 10 Voice, MMS, WAP, Email, JAVA, Download Video phone, Streaming media, PTT LCS (A-GPS) MP3/MPEG4 Blue tooth/USB/mini-SD HSDPA Specs Dual camera (2000K pixels) Dual LCD: 260K colors Main LCD: 2.2240320 MIDI: 72 chord

HSDPA terminal category and capability

HSDPA terminal

HSDPA handset
UE category Category 1-6 Category 7 Category 8 Category 9 Category 10 Category 11-12 Maximum channels 5 10 10 15 15 5

HSDPA pc card
Minimal TTI interval 3-1 1 1 1 1 2

HSDPA PDA
Modulation

Maximum service speed (Mbps) 1.2~3.65 7.2 7.2 10.12 14.4 1.8

QPSK 16QAM

QPSK

Different UE supports various channels, minimal TTI and other parameters UE listed in Category 11 is in worst receive capability, Category 10 is the best

HSDPA commercial process

HSDPA standard has been determined HSDPA has adequate test instruments

HSDPA technology has been tested in application

Manufactures has provided HSDPA commercial terminals in 2005 USA, Japan and the other operators start the HSDPA network construction ZTE equipment are HSDPA ready

Terminals

2005 2Q, several manufacture promote HSDPA trial version terminal 2005 4Q, promote commercial HSDPA terminal

Operator to deploy HSDPA

Cingular plan to deploy HSDPA in major city, 2006; till the end of 2006, to provide the HSDPA service in most part of metropolitans. NTT Docomo will deploy HSDPA in first quarter 2006; In UK, mmO2 will launch the service in fourth quarter 2005in HK H3G will provide commercial service in first quarter 2006

High data service brings new experience

Adopt the HSDPA, operator can provide higher bandwidth service. To deploy new service.

Colorful email

Multi-access

This resturant looks nice!

Yeah, lets go there tomorrow.

Multimedia Download
NEWS MOVIE MUSIC

Cartoon mail

Content

Driver to HSDPA
HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial Application HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Link budget for HSDPA

HSDPA link budget Mode1 NodeB TX power Antenna gain TX Cable loss EIFR
Thermal noise density Thermal noise

R99/R4 link budget Mode3 40 18 2 56 -174 -108.157 5 3 635 5 27 18 2 43 -174 -108.1566878 5 3 12.2 1 CS12.2 30 18 2 46 -174 -108.1566878 5 3 64 1 CS64 38 18 2 54 -174 -108.157 5 3 384 1 PS384

Mode2 40 18 2 56 -174 -108.157 5 3 368 4

40 18 2 56 -174 -108.157 5 3 423 5

Noise figure Interference margin Service rate RX Code number

Process gain
Eb/No Rx sensibility UE antenna gain Body loss

19.579909
9 -100.737 0 0

10.18483
9 -101.342 0 0

7.815575
9 -98.9723 0 0

24.9797
7.2 -117.9364017 0 2

17.7815125
7.1 -110.8382003 0 0

10
6.4 -103.757 0 0

HSDPA can achieve the same coverage as R99/R4 under same data rate

Link budget for HSDPA

Mode1 Fast fading margin Soft handover gain Others Fading deviation Penetration loss Max path loss 0 0 8 20 128.7366

HSDPA link budget Mode2 0 0 8 20 129.3415

Mode3 0 0 8 20 126.9723

CS12.2 2 2 8 20 130.9364017

R99/R4 link budget CS64 2 2 8 20 128.8382003

PS384 2 2 8 20 129.7567

HSDPA can achieve the same coverage as R99/R4 under same data rate

HSDPA construction solution

Network construction plan Frequency point assignment F1: HSDPA+R99/R4 Resource condition Advantage and disadvantage Advantage: easy to do resource control Disadvantage: do not have user detail classification Advantage: voice user +HSDPA users get good service Recommended deployment After the network construction finished, to achieve the high demand of voice and PS downlink. With the development of 3G, to provide dedicated frequency point for HSDPA PC card (only PS domain)

Intrafrequency plan

F2: HSDPA+R99/R4

Less inter-frequency handover, admission control, load control and power control can be achieved within one same frequency cell. Situation I: if HSDPA frequency point support normal handset, all the resource have to be assigned within various different frequency cells. Situation II: HSDPA frequency point are only used for PC card, resource management can be achieved more easily.

F1: R99/R4 Interfrequency plan

F2: HSDPA

Disadvantage: resource control will be difficult in situation I, maybe some frequency point resource will be wasted at the beginning

ZTE HSDPA construction solution

Phase I :several hot spots, and the important building to deploy HSDPA

Phase II :all the hot spot and several macro sites to deploy HSDPA HSDPA construction area

f1

f2
R99/R4+ HSDPA

f3
HSDPA (PC card)

ZTE solution

R99/R4+ HSDPA

Phase Phase I, IIIII

If necessary, use a carrier only to support PS data

Network analysis for HSDPA and R99/R4

After the 3G network construction, the basic demand of WCDMA network should adopt HSDPA function, with soft smooth upgrade ability.

HSDPA is not constructed as a individual network, HSDPA is a enhanced technology of WCDMA (throughput, users)
Network construction and plan for R99 and HSDPA based on the one-shot planning, multi-stage deployment HSDPA and R99 share the same network, Node B supports HSDPA function

At dense traffic area (capacity is restricted), HSDPA can share the same site of R99 and achieve the same coverage of it. Capacity and coverage is a balance relationship, increase the network performance to the maximum by making a balance between them.

HSDPA for major area

Area type
Dense urban Urban Suburb total

Square (km2)
91.5 179.78 3000.5 3271.78

Erl
3527 4873 2100 10500

Major area occupy 80% traffic

Fully HSDPA coverage for major area!

Major area have no more than 10% proportion

Major areadense urban + urban

HSDPA outdoor coverage

Adaptive modulation Good channel state: 16QAM

AMC
Node B

Adaptive coding rate Good channel state: 3/4

HSDPA requires a good channel condition for high speed service:

Good channel state Near to Node B Micro Node B is more suitable for HSDPA

At beginning, HSDPA is suitable for micro Node B coverage of outdoor hotspots.

HSDPA indoor coverage

HSDPA indoor coverage
CBD (focus on) Office, hotel, etc
Pico B01C

R8840 Power distributor

Shopping center, airport, etc

the indices of indoor distributed components (like power distributor) required by HSDPA and R99 are same, So the existing indoor distributed system of R99/R4 is suitable for HSDPA

Fiber

Twisted pair

Feeder

Concern of HSDPA indoor coverage

Transmission

Is the existing indoor distributed system of R99/R4 suitable for HSDPA? Is capacity of the existing indoor distributed system enoughIs the transmission enough?

Macro Node B or base band pool

Macro Node BIndoor distributed system Macro Node B/base band poolRRU Indoor distributed system Micro Node BIndoor distributed system Pico

Solution

ZTE serialized Node B support HSDPA flexible update

Features
Iub Interface
Before HSDPA Update After HSDPA Update Control Before HSDPA Update After HSDPA Update

Advanced designHSDPA functions have been embedded into hardware.

Just update software to support HSDPA functions. No additional hardware is needed!

HSDPA Processor

HSDPA Processor

DL Coder DL Base-band

UL Decoder UL Base-band

Mid-frequency

ZTE Node B hardware support HSDPA

HSDPA functions have already been embedded into ZTE serialized Node B hardware. The base-band processing chip supports 16QAM modulation. Only software update is needed for Node B to support HSDPA. Powerful base-band processing ability. For the case of updating the R99 cell into R99/HSDPA, no more base-band processing board is needed for Node B. As for RNC and CN, the introduction of HSDPA will only increase the data traffic which means only additional interface hardware resource are needed.

ZTE Node B is designed based on the most advanced HSDPA technology in the world. It is absolutely ensured that to upgrade from R99 to HSDPA, no board is required to be changed! The base-band processing board also possesses a unique feature that is it supports the networking of HSDPA and R99 with either the same carrier or not!

The most advanced base band processing in the world!

ZTE serialized Node B totally support HSDPA

BBUA indoor/outdoor base-band pool: maximum processing capacity is up to 15CS B01C pico Node B: 1C1S configuration

BBUB B01C B09 B06C B03C/B03R

B09A

B09 indoor macro: support up to 3C3S and 6CS RRU

B09A outdoor macro: support up to 3C3S and 6CS RRU

B06C/B03C indoor/outdoor micro: support up to 2C3S/3C1S.

B03R indoor/outdoor RRU: support up to 3C1S

Content

Driver to HSDPA
HSDPA Theory

HSDPA Terminal & Commercial Application HSDPA Solution

HSDPA Evolution

Mobile Communication Development

Mobile communication is developed from 2G3G3.9G. It is developed from mobile voice service to high speed data service. Currently it is developed to 3.5G. For WCDMA, commercial R5 version and trial R6 version can be provided now. 3GPP is working on the standards of R7/HSPA+ and R8/LTE. It is estimated that R7 will be finalized on 2007 and R8 will be finalized on 2008. The development of radio technology pays more attention to the requirement of operator NGMN organization proposed the system development goal.

Mobile Communication Technology Evolution

2G 2.5G 2. 75 G 3G 3.5G 3. 75 G 3.9G

GSM

GPRS

WCDMA R99

HSDPA

HSUPA

LTE

EDGE HSPA+

IS-95

CDMA 2000 1X

CDMA2000 1X EV-DO

EV-DO Rev. A

EV-DO Rev. B

AIE

CDMA2000 1X EV-DV

WCDMA Roadmap
Year
2002-3 64-144kbps
DL throughput

2003-4 64-384kbps

2005-6 384kbps-4Mbps

2007-9 384kbps-7Mbps

After 2009 20-50Mbps

GSM
GPRS/EDGE

3G
R99

3G+HSDPA
Downlink Enhanced

3G HSDPA/HSUP A
Downlink/Uplink Enhanced

NGMN LTE,
Broadband radio IP based wideband Peer to Peer

NGMN Optimized UMTS Enhanced UMTS 3G GSM(GPRS/EDGE)

ZTE HSDPA solution conclusion

ZTE serialized Node B is already hardware ready for downlink 14.4M, only software upgrade is needed ZTE RNC and CN, unified platform, 80G switching capability, high integration, high capacity, smooth evolution, to ensure the deployment of HSDPA HSDPA can share carrier with R99/R4, or use a exclusive carrier Support handover between HSDPA, R99/R4 and 2G Support simultaneous service of HSDPA and voice (or video telephony) Support at least 64 users per cell HSDPA can share base band board with R99/R4

All the Node Bs support HSDPA

Exercise

pls describe the differentia of HSDPA and R4. HSDPA introduces new physical channels, they are ( )( )( ). pls describe the key technology of AMC pls describe the key technology of HARQ. pls write down the main quick scheduling methods.