FPO User Manual: Mining Fleet Productivity Optimization
FPO User Manual: Mining Fleet Productivity Optimization
FPO User Manual: Mining Fleet Productivity Optimization
Table of Contents
Nomenclature 1. Program Installation
1.1. Installation Requirements 1.2. Software Versions 1.3. Regional Date Settings 1.4. Installing the Program
3 4
4 4 4 5
2. Running FPO for the first time 3. Importing data into FPO
3.1. TPMS files 3.2. Reading VIMS database from FPO software
9 11
11 12
14
14 15 15
16
17 17 18 18 19 19 20 20 21 21 22 22 23 23 24
1 of 32
Version 2
25
25 26 26
27
27 27 27 27 27
8. Appendix
FPO V1.5 Release Notes
29
29
NOTE: This document should be read in conjunction with the FPO Application Manual located in the Guides/Tools section of the Caterpillar Knowledge Network Community: Mining Project Managers Toolkit. For those Cat/Dealer staff with a Corporate Web Security logon, visit:
https://kn.cat.com/guides.cfm?id=6232
2 of 32
Version 2
Nomenclature
Abbreviations LF: Left-Front position RF: Right-Front position LR: Left-Rear position RR: Right-Rear position Definitions Machine Bias: Calculation based on pressure from all suspension cylinders.
(Left Front + Left Rear) (Right Front + Right Rear)
This indicates the angle or level the machine is positioned and to which side the load is positioned. It can also be used to indicate high dynamic loading due to off-camber corners. Effects on Components Increased stress on A-frame bearing, dog bone assembly, front and rear suspension cylinders, wheel bearing, final drives and tyre wear. Machine Pitch: Calculation based on pressure from all suspension cylinders.
(Left Front + Right Front) - (Right Rear + Left Rear)
This indicates if the machine is weighted forward or to the rear. Since the calculation is front minus rear, and the rear carries 66% while loaded, the calculated pitch value is ALWAYS a negative number when the truck is loaded. The primary characteristic of interest is pitch spikes and the location they occur on the haul road. The load position can affect weight distribution. Ramp angles will also show increases of weight distribution while travelling loaded up hill or down hill. Effects on Components Increases loads and stresses on wheel bearings, suspension cylinders and tyre wear. Machine Rack: Calculation based on pressure from all suspension cylinders
(Left Front + Right Rear) - (Right Front + Left Rear)
This indicates that the chassis is twisting when the diagonal suspension cylinders are travelling in opposite directions. Effects on Components Increased stresses on the chassis, suspension cylinders and mounting bearings, tray chassis, tray pivot points, and Aframe bearing.
3 of 32
Version 2
1. Program Installation
1.1. Installation Requirements
FPO requires a Personal Computer (PC) running Microsoft Windows 95 or later. FPO has not been tested under Microsoft Windows XP, however some reported problems have been corrected by running FPO in Windows 2000 mode. To do this, right click the FPO executable file (setup.exe), select Properties, Capability, and then select to run in Windows 2000.
Figure 1 Regional Settings location in Control Panel screen It is important to note that the program may experience difficulties in importing data from TPMS and VIMS if the date format specified in Windows Settings, Regional Settings is not as shown in figure 2.
4 of 32
Version 2
Figure 2 Required short and long date formats Access the Date format to check and/or change short and long date formats before importing files into the FPO program.
5 of 32
Version 2
Figure 3 WinZip window showing FPO files 4. Double-click the Setup.exe file. The dialog box shown in Figure 4 should appear.
Figure 4 WinZip Install dialog box 5. Click Ok to commence FPO setup. 6. Read the Welcome screen, close any other application that may be running, and click OK when ready (Figure 5).
Figure 5 FPO Setup Welcome Screen 7. Read the Choose Destination Location screen (Figure 6). To install the software in the default destination folders, click the icon, otherwise click Change Directory to choose another location.
6 of 32
Version 2
Figure 6 Choosing directory location 8. Review the Select Program Folder screen. Type a new folder name or select an existing one from the list. Then click Continue (Figure 7).
Figure 7 Select Program Folder screen 9. The software will automatically start extracting and coping FPO files in your computer (Figure 8).
7 of 32
Version 2
Figure 8 Extracting files screen 10. Setup will copy files to your computer. When it is complete the dialogue box shown in Figure 9 will display. Click OK to complete the installation.
Figure 9 Setup Complete screen 11. FPO will be installed in C:\Program Files\ASA directory by default (Figure 10). It is recommended to create a short cut in the desktop of file asa.exe, then rename the short cut to FPO V1.5.
8 of 32
Version 2
Figure 11 - FPO launch (Splash) screen The first time you run FPO, the following box will appear, asking where you want to keep your FPO/ASA working files as default location (Figure 12).
Figure 12 Default working directory It is strongly recommended you devise a file structure that allows you to find site information quickly. Figure 13 provides an example.
9 of 32
Version 2
10 of 32
Version 2
If this is the case, FPO will readily accept this file if you look for it. Select Create New File in the Work Files tab and the screen showed in figure 14 will appear.
Figure 14 TPMS import file window By choosing TPMS in the Display Files location, all Rxxxxxxx.prn files will be displayed, and can be selected and dragged into the Files Chosen for Import box. Hit Import Files and all files in the 'Files Chosen for Import box will be available for graphing.
11 of 32
Version 2
Figure 15 Specifying the location of VIMS database FPO will automatically display a message acknowledging that the connection to the VIMS database has been completed successfully. Then, FPO is ready to read the information recorded in dataloggers from the selected VIMS database.
12 of 32
Version 2
Hit the Graph tab and select the VIMS database option (figure 16). FPO will automatically retrieve truck fleet definition from the selected VIMS database showing Truck Id and stored dataloggers for the selected truck. It is highly recommended to update the VIMS database before being accessed by FPO.
13 of 32
Version 2
For example, lets consider a series of spikes from a 793C truck with a starting value below of 8500 kPa, then increasing above 12 000 kPa, then drops below 8 500 kPa, peaks again above 12 000 kPa, and finally dropping below 8500 kPa (Figure 17a). This condition shall be counted as two spikes for rating in the HRC index. If the peak stays above 8 500 kPa, in this example, the peak shall be counted as a single spike (Figures 17b).
14 of 32
Version 2
4.2. RACK and BIAS spikes for the one haul road feature
It is also quite common for an undesirable haul road feature to result in a high pressure reading (spike) which shows up as both a high RACK and high BIAS spike. Where these spikes both exceed Management, Warning and Action limits, they shall be counted as two spikes for rating in the HRC index (Figure 18).
15 of 32
Version 2
Figure 19 FPO Control Chart selection screen. Numerical Identifiers have been added for clarification .
16 of 32
Version 2
Figure 20 - Strut Pressures and Ground Speed vs. Haul Distance Shows individual strut pressures for each of the four suspension cylinders and ground speed. These are the individual pressure traces the composite traces are calculated from. Individual maximum and minimum strut pressures can be used to assess strut condition.
5.2. Composite Strut Pressures and Ground Speed vs. Haul Distance
Figure 21 - Composite Strut Pressures vs Dist This is often the most useful trace as it pinpoints the location where strut pressures exceed Management, Warning and Action limits. It shows the distance on the horizontal axis and ground speed where the events occur. FPO version 1.5 allows the user to select whether the Machine Pitch trace will be plotted or not. If Machine Pitch pressure trace is needed, a separate selection box is provided (Figure 19).
17 of 32
Version 2
5.3. Composite Strut Pressures and Ground Speed vs. VIMS Time
Figure 22 - Composite Strut Pressures vs Time Similar to Composite Strut pressure control chart, except it plots VIMS Clock Time on the X-axis instead of distance. This chart allows users to synchronise a video camera clock with VIMS and use video footage to highlight areas of concern to customers. FPO version 1.5 allows the user to select whether Machine Pitch trace will be plotted or not. If Machine Pitch pressure trace is needed, a separate selection box is provided (Figure 19).
Figure 23 Haul Road Condition index evaluation FPO version 1.5 evaluates the Haul Road Condition index using the logic provided in the FPO Application Guide. The number of spikes over Management, Warning and Action limits are counted and shown in the table.
18 of 32
Version 2
Figure 24 - Speed vs. Gear This Control Chart gives an indication of road or grade changes that may force the transmission to shift unnecessarily. Generally speaking, a constant grade should not induce gear changes.
5.6. Instantaneous Fuel Rate and Ground Speed vs. Haul Distance
Figure 25 - Instantaneous Fuel Rate and Ground Speed vs. Distance This control chart provides an indication of operator throttle application in terms of injected fuel note in this example the fluctuating throttle across the pit floor (left side of chart) and waste dump (right side), while a constant throttle is held on the uphill grade (centre section).
19 of 32
Version 2
5.7. Cumulative Fuel Rate and Ground Speed vs. Haul Distance
Figure 26 - Cumulative Fuel Rate and Ground Speed vs. Distance Provides cumulative fuel used for the loaded haul cycle. This chart is not often as useful as the others from what have been reported from users.
Figure 27 - Throttle position and Ground Speed vs. Distance Shows areas of the loaded haul cycle where operators are backing off the throttle pedal because haul road conditions might be poor. This control chart helps to direct support equipment to sections of the haul road that are restricting production.
20 of 32
Version 2
Figure 28 Brake Temperature and Engine Speed vs. Haul Distance This Control Chart shows engine speed (black), Retarder application (yellow) and Brake Temperatures (dark/light blue, red, green). Used in conjunction with previous control charts to locate engine overspeed events and brake overheats.
Figure 29 - Brake Temperature and Ground Speed vs. Distance This Control Chart shows Ground Speed (black), Retarder application (yellow) and Brake Temperatures (dark/light blue, red, green). Used in conjunction with previous control charts to locate engine overspeed events and brake overheats.
21 of 32
Version 2
Figure 30 - Brake acceleration and Ground Speed vs. Haul Distance This control chart calculates machine deceleration rate in Km/h per second, while braking. The chart attempts to evaluate the severity of brake application. Brake Severity is formulated on the data of Ground Speed, Time and Retarder on application. With this data the program measures velocity of de-acceleration eg change of km/h over time. This is shown in the graph as severity of de-acceleration. The severity is determined on the time taken to decrease to the desired speed. A high rate of brake severity has negative effects on machine components, for example increased brake wear, increased wheel bearing stress, increased stress to rims and tyre components, extra loading on front suspension cylinders, increased stresses on steering components and tyre wear.
Figure 31 - Brake Temperature and Actual Gear vs. Haul Distance Shows Actual Gear (black), Retarder application (yellow) and Brake Temperatures (dark/light blue, red, green). If brake overheat warnings are an issue, you can determine if trucks are being operated in a gear that is too high for the conditions. Brake overheats (to the red Max Temp Limit line) are more common on downhill hauls
22 of 32
Version 2
Figure 32 - Strut Pressures vs Time: Loading phase Displays individual strut pressures during the loading phase. Ideally, front strut pressures should rise together, and rear pressures should rise together if the truck is on level floor and load is centred.
Figure 33 - Composite Strut Pressures vs. Time: Loading phase Displays composite strut pressures during the loading phase. Ideally, Rack and Bias lines should be constant if load is centred and truck is on level floor. Deviation indicates bias loading or poor underfoot conditions. Pitch will decrease as loading continues as the rear of truck takes 2/3 of load.
23 of 32
Version 2
5.15. Cumulative Payload and Loading Cycle Time vs. Loader Pass
Figure 34 - Cumulative Payload and Loading Cycle Time vs. Loader Pass Displays VIMS Payload per pass (blue bars) and cycle time per pass (green bars) This Control Chart gives a quick indication of the Loading Tool performance and efficiency. When the truck does not fully stop at the first loading pass, the on-board VIMS module in the Truck usually missed this first pass. This information is then recorded in the Datalogger and shown in FPO. When this event occurs, attention has to be paid to the first pass in this Control Chart for an accurate interpretation of the Loading Tool operation.
24 of 32
Version 2
Depending on truck model, you can adjust Management Limits here Adjust Management Limit line and fill properties (thickness, colour, style) with these drop-down boxes
25 of 32
Version 2
Figure 37 Coping selected graph to the Clipboard Select the Target as Clipboard and then hit Copy.
26 of 32
Version 2
Improves operator comfort when haul road conditions are improved (i.e. rough pit floor, rough tip end, off camber corners) Helps indicate areas of training, for instance, loading practices, truck positioning, tip end cornering and speed limits.
28 of 32
Version 2
1.2.
2. Work Files tab - VIMS database selection. Provides the user the option to point to VIMS database (VIMS.mdb) to utilise VIMS dataloggers directly rather than having to export ASCII files from VIMSpc. This is intended to save time in generating ASA traces. 3. Error "Runtime error '91' Object variable or with block variable not set". This was occurring on selection of the Graphs tab before any existing work file entries were selected (could occur before any importation of data and creation of a work file). This error should be eliminated.
1.3.
Graph Tab
4. New Graph added: Composite Strut Pressures vs Time (Travel Loaded). This trace is similar to the existing Composite Strut pressure trace, except it plots VIMS Clock Time on the X-axis instead of distance. This is intended to allow users to synchronise a video camera clock with VIMS and use video footage to highlight areas of concern to customers. 5. New graph added: Haul Road Condition Index. ASA Version 1.5 automatically calculates the Haul Road Condition Index. It incorporates the following features: A table is displayed showing the count of spikes above management limits/significant pressure levels Management Limits/Significant pressure levels determined automatically based on trucks model Rating index determined based on the new logic described in FPO Application Guide Version 11.
6. Load vs. Time graph renamed. Legend item "Tonnes/Pass" amended to "Cumulative Payload (tonnes)" 7. Cumulative Fuel Rate / Speed. Left hand axis title amended to "litres" 8. Speed / Brake Severity. Corrected problem with chart not displaying. Issue existed with querying of data for creation of chart - was not returning any data due to function applied to time field held in database. Problem addressed and graph will display correctly for any future work files created or direct access to VIMS data. Past work files (databases) created will still have problem and will not be able to chart data. 9. Throttle Position Sensor and ground speed vs. distance. This graph will allow users to show customers the areas of the loaded haul where operators are backing off the
29 of 32
Version 2
throttle because road conditions are poor, and further help the customer to direct support equipment to sections of the road that are restricting production. 10. Switch off "Pitch" trace on composite strut pressure charts. Users in hard rock mines in APD/LACD do not find much value in the Pitch trace on the Composite Strut Pressure graph. An option to switch it off is now available. Users should provide comments to CGM-AP if they will be negatively impacted by this change. 11. ASA in Microsoft Windows Spanish version. Under "Work Files" option - display of Yes/No option under select column for choosing entries to chart. Checked data type held in database and is defined as type of data "Yes/No". Data is stored as one of two values, either -1 or 0 (ie. On/Off or True/False). Display property within data grid has column NumberFormat set to Yes/No. This option is not language based, so should be independent of English.
1.4.
View Graphs
12. Scaling of Y-axis. Auto scaling of y-axis for all Graphs (to ensure labels are round numbers), with exceptions being: Brake Temperature (C) - Left hand axis. Max Temperature Limit line defined at 127, with upper axis scale set to level of 140. This change affects the following charts: o Engine / Brake Temp o Speed / Brake Temp o Gear / Brake Temp 13. Transmission Gear - Right hand axis. Upper axis scale set to level of 8 to account for 797 transmissions. This change affects the following charts: Speed / Gear Gear / Brake Temp
14. Default setting for fonts increased. It now displays larger text for both the scale and the legend. 15. Automatic selection of Management Limit. Management Limits: Are automatically set based on model code. Related axis scale set with management level defined as a major scale level.
16. Saving Images / Copying Images. Options available as items under menu bar option "Image". Also available under keyboard shortcuts as shown in menu (Copy = Ctrl+C, Save As = Ctrl+S). This change is intended to hasten creation of customer reports. 17. Trace Colours - Composite Strut Pressure charts. Default settings updated to improve definition. Final colours are still not entirely satisfactory. Suggestions for a better colour combination are welcome.
1.5.
18. Work File Creation Model Input. When creating either TPMS or VIMS files, the code checks on input of model code - forces entry to start with three numbers. This change is intended to allow the software to correctly identify the model code so the management limits and haul road condition index can be calculated correctly.
FPO User Manual 30 of 32 Version 2
31 of 32
Version 2
32 of 32
Version 2