UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS General Certificate of Education Ordinary Level

BIOLOGY Paper 1 Multiple Choice

5090/11
October/November 2012 1 hour Multiple Choice Answer Sheet Soft clean eraser Soft pencil (type B or HB is recommended)

Additional Materials:

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READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write in soft pencil. Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid. Write your name, Centre number and candidate number on the Answer Sheet in the spaces provided unless this has been done for you. There are forty questions on this paper. Answer all questions. For each question there are four possible answers A, B, C and D. Choose the one you consider correct and record your choice in soft pencil on the separate Answer Sheet. Read the instructions on the Answer Sheet very carefully. Each correct answer will score one mark. A mark will not be deducted for a wrong answer. Any rough working should be done in this booklet.

This document consists of 18 printed pages and 2 blank pages.

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2 1 The diagram shows cells from a plant leaf. Which structure contains a high concentration of magnesium?
A

Which processes are responsible for the uptake of ions from the soil by a plant and the uptake of glucose into the villi of a human? uptake of ions into root hairs A B C D active transport active transport diffusion osmosis uptake of glucose into the villi osmosis active transport osmosis active transport

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3 3 The diagram shows some cells in the root of a plant that is absorbing water from the soil.

1 2

How does the water potential of the cell marked 2 differ from the water potentials of the cells marked 1 and 3? A B C D 4 higher than cell 1 and cell 3 higher than cell 1 and lower than cell 3 lower than cell 1 and higher than cell 3 lower than cell 1 and lower than cell 3

According to the lock and key hypothesis, which is the lock and which is the key for the enzyme lipase? key A B C D fatty acids lipase lipase lipids lock lipids lipids fatty acids lipase

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4 5 The graph shows the rate of photosynthesis in a plant in full sunlight at two different temperatures and different concentrations of carbon dioxide.

30 C rate of photosynthesis / arbitrary units 20 C

0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

concentration of carbon dioxide / %

At normal atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, what limits the rate of photosynthesis? A B C D 6 carbon dioxide concentration light intensity temperature water availability

Four test-tubes are set up as shown. In which test-tube will the concentration of oxygen decrease most rapidly?
black box to exclude light A pond water pond snail pond weed B C D

sunlight

sunlight

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5 7 The elements, listed, are found in all living organisms. Which one is not obtained by plants from the soil? A B C D 8 carbon iron magnesium nitrogen

A person tries eating a diet consisting only of lettuce leaves and water. Which condition might develop? A B C D constipation heart disease rickets scurvy

The table shows changes in the concentrations of blood components as the blood flows through an organ. blood component carbon dioxide glucose oxygen urea change in concentration increased increased reduced increased

Which organ has the blood passed through? A B C D brain kidney liver stomach

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6 10 Which bar chart represents the amount of starch digested in the mouth, stomach and ileum of a human?
A B

amount of digestion / arbitrary units

amount of digestion / arbitrary units

mouth

stomach

ileum

mouth

stomach

ileum

amount of digestion / arbitrary units

amount of digestion / arbitrary units

mouth

stomach

ileum

mouth

stomach

ileum

11 The diagram shows a tree trunk, with a ring of bark, which includes the phloem, removed.

ring of bark removed

The tree will eventually die because this action cuts off the supply of A B C D mineral salts to the leaves. organic nutrients to the roots. oxygen to the roots. water to the leaves.

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7 12 The diagrams show a plant in a flask of water. It is left in the light at 16 C for six hours.

cotton wool layer of oil water

6 hours

326.75 g

321.75 g

balance

What explains the change in mass after six hours? A B C D absorption of water into the root hairs evaporation of water from the flask photosynthesis in the leaves of the plant transpiration from the leaves of the plant

13 In the human circulatory system, what causes the transfer of materials from the capillaries to the tissue fluid? A B C D active transport blood pressure capillarity osmosis

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8 14 The diagram shows the blood pressure of a person at rest as the blood leaves the heart and passes through arteries and then capillaries. Which line shows the pressure of blood as it flows through veins before returning to the heart?
A 15

pressure of blood / kPa

10

C D

(heart)

arteries

capillaries

veins

(heart)

blood flow

15 The graph shows changes in the blood pressure in the left ventricle of the heart. During which period is the left atrium contracting?

A 18 15 12 pressure / kPa 9 6 3 0 0

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 time / s

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9 16 The table shows the percentage composition of four samples of air. Which sample has been breathed out by a person? oxygen A B C D 16 16 21 21 carbon dioxide 0.3 4 0.03 3 water vapour saturated saturated trace trace

17 Which process does not result in an overall loss of energy from the organism? A B C D photosynthesis in a green plant respiration in an animal temperature control in humans the germination of seeds

18 The diagram illustrates changes in air pressure taking place inside the lungs during a complete cycle of breathing. Which position on the graph corresponds to the point at which the ribs are beginning to be lowered?

B C pressure in lungs / arbitrary units A D expiration time inspiration

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10 19 The diagrams show an athlete throwing a javelin.

Which row describes the change in position of the right arm, and the action of the muscles involved, between stages 2 and 3? position of arm A B C D flexes flexes straightens straightens biceps contract relax contract relax triceps relax contract relax contract

20 The diagram represents the blood supply to the liver and to the kidneys.

liver

2 from gut

kidneys

Which vessels contain blood with the highest and lowest concentrations of urea? highest A B C D 1 1 3 3 lowest 2 4 2 4

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11 21 Which changes will occur when a person walks from a very cold room into a hot room? sweating A B C D decreases decreases increases increases skin blood vessels constrict dilate dilate constrict

22 What happens in the eye when a person walks from a dark room into sunlight? circular muscles of the iris A B C D relax relax contract contract radial muscles of the iris contract contract relax relax pupil size decreases increases decreases increases

23 The diagram shows a section of the brain.

What could be a result of damage to the part labelled X? A B C D difficulty in breathing inability to control body temperature may cause rickets raised insulin levels

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12 24 A person with diabetes mellitus is receiving treatment with insulin injections. The graph shows how this persons blood glucose concentration changed during part of one day. At what point was an insulin injection given?

blood glucose concentration / arbitrary units

A normal concentration

D C 4 time (hours) 8 12

25 Which component of tobacco smoke may cause lung cancer? A B C D carbon dioxide carbon monoxide nicotine tar

26 The diagram shows some of the stages in cheese production. At which stage in the production of cheese are the bacteria added?
milk A coagulation B curd separated from whey C dehydration D storage

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13 27 The diagram shows a fermenter used for the production of antibiotics.

motor

water out pH and temperature sensors stirring paddles

water in

Where do air and nutrients enter, and where do antibiotics and waste leave? air in A B C D W Y Y W antibiotics out X Z X Z nutrients in Y W W Y wastes out Z X Z X

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14 28 The diagram shows part of a food web.

decomposing organisms

What is the original source of energy for this food web? A B C D decomposer organisms oxygen producer organisms sunlight

29 The table shows the mean dry biomass for the organisms in a food chain. type of organism producer herbivore carnivore mean dry biomass / g per m2 540 26 2

Which pyramid of biomass is correct for this food chain?

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15 30 The diagram shows part of the carbon cycle. Which process causes the largest amount of carbon to be converted from one form to another?
carbon dioxide in atmosphere

A B

carbon compounds in decomposers

carbon compounds in plants

carbon compounds in animals

31 Which area of the diagram best describes mosquitoes?

pathogens

A B

parasites

vectors

32 The presence of high concentrations of nitrogen-containing fertilisers in a pond can lead to the death of fish. What is the sequence of events leading to the death of the fish? A B C D increase in algae algae die increase in bacteria drop in oxygen increase in algae drop in oxygen increase in bacteria algae die increase in bacteria drop in oxygen increase in algae algae die increase in bacteria increase in algae algae die drop in oxygen

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16 33 The diagram represents gametes P and Q fusing to give cell R. Cell R then produces gametes S, T, U and V.
S

P R Q

Which statement about the numbers of chromosomes in the cells and gametes is correct? A B C D The numbers of chromosomes in P and Q are different. The numbers of chromosomes in P and S are the same. The number of chromosomes in S is one quarter of the number of chromosomes in R. The number of chromosomes in T is half the number of chromosomes in Q.

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17 34 Six bean seeds were soaked in cold water. Three of them were boiled and cooled. The boiled and the non-boiled seeds were chopped up and then placed on the surface of agar jelly containing starch. After two days, all the seeds were removed and the jelly was tested with iodine solution. The diagram shows the result of the experiment.
boiled seeds non-boiled seeds key yellow/brown colour blue/black colour position of chopped seeds at start of experiment

What is the explanation for the results with the non-boiled bean seeds? A B C D They absorb iodine. They absorb starch. They contain acid. They contain amylase.

35 Which row describes the exchange of substances at the placenta? passing from mother to fetus A B C D carbon dioxide, glucose and alcohol carbon dioxide, nicotine and glucose oxygen and urea oxygen, glucose and antibodies passing from fetus to mother oxygen and urea oxygen and urea carbon dioxide and glucose carbon dioxide and urea

36 How do condoms reduce the risk of HIV infection? A B C D They prevent sperm from entering the vagina They prevent virus particles crossing the placenta They prevent the formation of seminal fluid They prevent seminal fluid from coming into contact with the vagina wall

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18 37 Which method could not be used to produce human insulin from genetically engineered bacteria? A B C D Bacteria are ground up and used as a source of insulin. Insulin is extracted from gases given off from the fermenter in which bacteria are grown. Insulin is extracted from homogenised bacteria. Insulin is extracted from the nutrient medium from a fermenter in which bacteria have been grown.

38 One gene has two codominant alleles, AE and AF, and one recessive allele, AG. How many different genotypes and phenotypes are possible? genotypes A B C D 3 4 6 6 phenotypes 3 6 4 6

39 Some normal fruit flies are subjected to radiation in a laboratory. As a result, they produce offspring with unusual characteristics, such as white eyes. What causes this? A B C D continuous variation discontinuous variation dominance mutation

40 What would be the genotype(s) of the offspring from a cross between two organisms with the genotype Tt? A B C D all Tt half TT, half tt quarter TT, half Tt, quarter tt three quarters TT, quarter Tt

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