Certificate: Diploma in Computer Application (P.G.D.C.A.) 2
Certificate: Diploma in Computer Application (P.G.D.C.A.) 2
Certificate: Diploma in Computer Application (P.G.D.C.A.) 2
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@. Sys"! Ts"in2
@. Sys"! Ts"in2
5.
@.3 Ts" Cas Dsi2n
Ts"in2 M")odo*o2y4
%oftware testing is critical element of software !uality assurance and represents the
ultimate review of specification, design and coding. 3t is used to detect errors. Testing is a
dynamic method for verification and validation, where the system to be tested is e4ecuted
and the behavior of the system is observed.
Ts"in2 O=&'"i5s4
1. Testing is a process of e4ecuting a program with the intent of finding an
error.
2. " good test case is one that has a high probability of finding an as+yet+
undiscovered error.
3. " successful test is one that uncovers an as+yet+undiscovered error.
4. The above objectives imply a dramatic change in viewpoint. They move
counter to the commonly held view that a successful test is one in which
no errors are found. #ur objective is to design tests that systematically
uncover different classes of errors and do so with a minimum amount of
time and effort.
3f testing is conducted successfully ;according to the objectives stated above<, it will
uncover errors in the software.
Testing cannot show the absence of defects, it can only show that software errors are
present.
5=
Ts"in2 T')ni:u:
The techni!ues followed throughout the testing of the system are as under
@.3.3 1*a'k<1oH Ts"in24
-lack bo4 testing focuses on the functional re!uirements of the software. That is, -lack
-o4 testing enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully
e4ercise all functional re!uirements for a program. -lack -o4 Testing is not an
alternative to white+bo4 techni!ues. 0ather it is a complementary approach that is likely
to uncover a different class of errors than white+bo4 methods.
-lack+-o4 Testing attempts to find errors in the following categoriesA
1. 3ncorrect or missing functions.
2. 3nterface errors.
3. 'rrors in data structures or e4ternal data base access.
4. Performance errors.
5. 3nitiali(ation and termination errors.
>nlike White -o4 Testing, which is performed early in the testing process, -lack -o4
Testing tends to be applied during later stages of testing. -ecause -lack -o4 Testing
purposely disregards control structure, attention is focused on the information domain.
Tests are designed to answer the following !uestionsA
1< Cow is functional validity testedH
2< What classes of input will make good test casesH
)< 3s the system particularly sensitive to certain input valuesH
5< Cow are the boundaries of a data class isolatedH
7< What data rates and data volume can the system tolerateH
.< What effect will specific combinations of data have on system operationH
5@
-y applying black bo4 techni!ues, we derive a set of test cases that satisfy the following
criteriaA
Test cases that reduce, by a count that is greater than one, the number of
additional test cases that must be designed to achieve reasonable testing.
Test cases that tell us something about the presence or absence of classes
of errors, rather than errors associated only with the specific test at hand.
@.3.2 .)i"<1oH Ts"in24
White -o4 Testing knowing the internal workings of a product tests can be conducted to
ensure that internal operations are performed according to specifications and all internal
components have been ade!uately e4ercised.
>sing white bo4 testing methods the test cases that can derived areA
;1< "ll independent paths with in a module have been e4ercised at least once.
;2< '4ercise all logical decisions on their true and false sides.
;)< '4ecute all loops at their boundaries and within their operational bounds.
;5< '4ercise internal data structures to ensure their validity.
52
@.
Con'*usion
Con'*usion
7/
=.3 CONCLUSION
3t has been a great pleasure for me to work on this e4citing and challenging project. This
project proved good for me as it provided practical knowledge of not only programming
in ,- as well as working of windows based application and #0"1', but also about all
handling procedure related with 8Gesign and Gevelopment of 3nstitute "utomation
%ystem9. 3t also provides knowledge about the latest technology used in developing
windows application. This will provide better opportunities and guidance in future in
developing projects independently.
71
A. R+rn's
A. R+rn's
72
1I1LIOGRAP0$4
3. ,isual -asic ../ -lack -ook by S"5 0o*Inr
2. $astering ,isual -asic ../ by E5an2*os<P"rou"sos
7. ,isual -asic . &omplete by S"5 1ro6n
.E1SITES
These are various websites which is helpful in developing the project in coding prospect
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