0

Syllabus for Screening Test

for

Shortlisting number of candidates

for

Various teaching posts in schools established

by the

Society for Promotion of Quality Education
for
Poor and Meritorious Students of Punjab.



State Council of Educational Research and Training,
Punjab
Website:www.scertpunjab.ac.in


1

English
a) Critical and historical understanding of

Indian English Writers: R.k.Narayan, Rajarao, Arundhati Roy, Khushwant Singh, Mulk Raj
Anand, Anita Desai, Rabindranath Tagore, Sarojini Naidu,
Jacobean to Restoration: John Donne, John Milton,
Augustan Age: Alexander Pope, Jonathan Swift, Joseph Addison, Samuel Richardson,
Henry Fielding
Romantic Period: William Blake, William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Lord
Byron, P.B. Shelley, John Keats, Dorothy Wordsworth Jane Austen, Sir Walter Scott,
Mary Shelley, Mathew Gregory Lewis.
Victorian Period: Alfred, Lord Tennyson, Robert Browning, E.B. Browning, Thomas
Carlyle, John Ruskin, Walter Pater, Florence Nightingale, Charlotte Bronte, Emily Bronte,
Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy,
Modern Period: T.S. Eliot, Virginia Woolf, Joseph Conrad, James Joyce, E. M. Forster,
D.H. Lawrence, W. B. Yeats, George Bernard Shaw.
Contemporary Period: Philip Larkin, Ted Hughes, Stevie Smith, Seamus Heaney, Eavan
Boland, George Orwell, William Golding, Doris Lessing, Graham Greene, Salman
Rushdie, V.S. Naipaul, Stephen Leacock.
Literary Terms

b) Grammar and Linguistics
Phrase structure rule, Transformational generative grammar (with reference to
Chomsky), Transformational rule, a brief introduction to Semitic languages,
sociolinguistics, language variety, dialect, accent and register, psycholinguistics nature
and application, behaviorist, cognitive and mental views of language learning, individual
differences
Linguistics (sign, speed and writing, anthropologist, organ of speech, description and
classification of sounds, morphology and word formation.




2

Biology
Unit I Diversity in Living World
Biology- its meaning of relevance to mankind
Taxonomy Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy
Systematic Introduction to plant Systematic, its aims , objectives and importance ,
classification , brief history , introduction , various systems of classification of living
organism [Two kingdom system , five kingdom system) Brief introduction to
nomenclature and binomial system of nomenclature
Salient features and classification of kingdom Monera ( including Archaebacteria and
cyno bacteria ) General structure ,occurrence ,reproduction and economics importance.
Kingdom protista- General structure ,occurrence , reproduction and economic
importance
Kingdom Fungi- General structure, occurrence, reproduction and economic
importance, diseases of economically important crop plant , rusts , smuts, downy and
powdery mildew damping off.
Kingdom Plantae- salient features and classification of plants into major groups.
Algae- General account, structure, life cycle of biological importance of green algae,
brown algae and red algae .
Bryophytes- General account , structure, life cycle and economic importance of
liverworts and mosses.
Pteridophytes- General account , structure, classification, life cycle and economic
importance.
Gymnosperms- General account , structure, classification life cycle and economic
importance.
Angioperms- classification up to class ,General account , structure, life cycle and
economic importance.
Viruses- General structure, types and reproduction of viruses
Lichens- General account ,structure and life history.
Kingdom Animalia salient features ( in the reference to habitat , habits morphology
and economic importance )and classification of non chordates up to phylum level.
Salient features ( in the reference to habitat , habits, morphology and economic
importance ) classification of chordates up to class level.
Unit II Structural organization in plants
Tissue ,Tissue system in plants
Morphology, function and modification of root , stem and leaf
3

Anatomy of root , stem and leaf , primary and secondary growth in dicot stem
Inflorescence, Types of Inflorescence, flower ( including postion and arrangement of
different whorls ) placentation , fruit, types of fruit, seed.
Diagnostics features, economic importance and distribution pattern of Angiospermic
families
A) Family Brassicaceae
B) Family Fabaceae
C) Family solnaceae
D) Family Liliaceae
E) Family Poaceae
Unit III Plant Physiology
Transport in Plants - Movement of water ( including diffusion ,osmosis, plasmolysis and
water relations of cell ) and nutrients, long distant of water absorption, apoplast ,
symplast , transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation , transpiration opening and
closing of stomata, uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients- Transport of food
,phloem transport , mass flow hypothesis.
Mineral Nutrition Essential minerals , macro and micro nutrients and their role ,
deficiency symptons , Mineral toxicity, Elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study
mineral nutrition.
Nitrogen Metabolism - Biological nitrogen fixation , Nitrogen cycle.
Photosynthesis - Photosynthesis as means of autotrophic nutrition, pigments involved in
Photosynthesis , absorption and action spectra , photochemical and biosynthetic phases of
Photosynthesis , photophosphorylation : cyclic and non cyclic of photophosphorylation,
chemiosmotic hypothesis, photorespiration, factors affecting Photosynthesis.
Respiration- Aerobic respiration : Glycolysis; Kerbs's cycle Electron transport chain and
oxidative phosphoryation , Anaerobic respiration , respiratory substance and respiratory
quotient
Plant Growth and development phases of plant growth and plant growth rate , canditions
of growth , Differentiation, and dedifferentiation, Redifferentiation Growth regulators
Role of auxins, gibberdlin, cytokinin, ethylene, abscissic acid photoperiodism, role of
phytochrome and harmones in photoperiodism, Dormancy, methods of breaking seed
dormancy, vernalization.
Plant movements- Tropic movements ,phototropism ,gravitropism and their mechanism,
Nastic movements.

Unit IV Strutural organization in Animals
-Tissue in animals
4

- Morphology, anatomy and function of different systems ( digestive, circulatory respiratory
nervous and reproductive )
of earthworm, frog and an insect ( Cockroach )
Unit V Animal Physiology
Human Physiology
Digestion and absorption :- Alimentary canal and digestive glands , role of digestive
enzymes and gastrointestinal harmones , digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins
carbohydrates and fats, egestion , nutrition and digestive disorders.
Breathing and respiration respiratory organs in human beings , Mechanism of Breathing
and its regulation in human, Transport of respiratory gases, Respiratory volumes ,
respiratory disorders .
Circulation
Composition of Blood , Blood groups, coagulation of blood , composition of lymph and its
functions , structure of human heart and blood vessels , Cardiac cycle, Cardiac output, ECG ,
double circulation , Disorders of circulatory systems .
Excretion- Modes of excretion, structure and function of excretory system , Urine formation
, osmoregulation, Regulation of kidney function , Renin- angiotensin , role of other organs in
excretion , Disorders of excretory system.
Locomotion and Movement ;- Types of movement , Skeletal muscle contractile
proteins and muscle contraction , skeletal system and its function , joints. Disorders of
muscular and skeletal system Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves;
Nervous system in humans- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral
nervous system; Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs;
Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.
Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones; Human
endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Adrenal,
Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action (Elementary Idea); Role of hormones
as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common
disorders e.g. Dwarfism)
Unit VI Reproduction
Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for
continuation of species; Modes of reproduction Asexual and sexual; Asexual reproduction;
Modes-Binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in
plants.

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure; Development of male and female
gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil
interaction; Double fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and
5

embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-apomixis, parthenocarpy,
polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit formation.
Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems; Microscopic anatomy of testis
and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis & oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation,
embryo development upto blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta
formation (Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary idea).
Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods, Contraception and Medical Termination of
Pregnancy (MTP); Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies IVF, ZIFT,
GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness).
Unit VII Cell biology, genetics and Evolution.
Structure and function of bio molecules : Carbohydrates,lipids proteins, and nucleic acid.
Enzymes- types,properties,functions and enzymes action
Cell-physico-chemical nature of plasma membrane , cell wall.
Ultra structure of cell organelles with brief description and functions.
1. Endoplasmicreticulum, golgibodies, lysosome, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes,
plastids, cilia, flagella, centrioles nucleolus.
2. Cell division : cell cycle, mitosis , meiosis and their significance.
Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from Mendelism-Incomplete
dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy;
Elementary idea of polygenic inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes
and genes; Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over; Sex
linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders in humans-Thalassemia;
Chromosomal disorders in humans; Downs syndrome, Turners and Klinefelters syndromes.

- Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA as genetic material;
Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA replication; Central dogma; Transcription,
genetic code, translation; Gene expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human
genome project; DNA finger printing.

- Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution from
Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidence); lamarcks theory of
evolution Darwins contribution, Modern Synthetic theory of Evolution; Mechanism of
evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination) and Natural Selection with examples, types
of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinbergs principle; Adaptive
Radiation; Human evolution.

UNIT VIII Biology and Human Welfare
Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis.
Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology-
vaccines; Cancer, HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.
6


- Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein,
Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

- Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial production, sewage
treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT IX Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant DNA technology).

- Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and vaccine production,
gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops; Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-
Biopiracy and patents.

UNIT X Ecology and environment
- Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological adaptations;
Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation, parasitism; Population attributes-
growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

- Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy flow; Pyramids of
number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and phosphorous); Ecological succession;
Ecological Services-Carbon fixation, pollination, oxygen release. Biogeochemical cycle

- Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of Biodiversity; Importance
of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms,
extinction, Red Data Book, biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.

- Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its control;
Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management; Radioactive waste management;
Greenhouse effect and global warning; Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies
as success stories addressing environmental issues.











7

PHYSICS
I. Mathematical Methods of Physics

Dimensional analysis; Vector algebra and vector calculus; Linear algebra, matrices, Cayley
Hamilton theorem, eigenvalue problems; Linear differential equations; Special
functions (Hermite, Bessel, Laguerre and Legendre); Fourier series, Fourier and Laplace
transforms; Elements of complex analysis: Laurent series-poles, residues and evaluation
of integrals; Elementary ideas about tensors; Introductory group theory, SU(2), O(3);
Elements of computational techniques: roots of functions, interpolation, extrapolation,
integration by trapezoid and Simpsons rule, solution of first order differential equations
using Runge-Kutta method; Finite difference methods; Elementary probability theory,
random variables, binomial, Poisson and normal distributions.

II. Classical Mechanics

Newtons laws; Phase space dynamics, stability analysis; Central-force motion; Two-body
collisions, scattering in laboratory and centre-of-mass frames; Rigid body dynamics,
moment of inertia tensor, non-inertial frames and pseudoforces; Variational principle,
Lagrangian and Hamiltonian formalisms and equations of motion; Poisson brackets
and canonical transformations; Symmetry, invariance and conservation laws, cyclic
coordinates; Periodic motion, wave motion, small oscillations and normal modes;
Special theory of relativity, Lorentz transformations, relativistic kinematics and mass
energy equivalence, work power energy, gravitation, pressure, motion of fluids, viscosity,
surface tension.

III. Electromagnetic Theory
Electrostatics: Gauss Law and its applications; Laplace and Poisson equations,
boundary value problems; Magnetostatics: Biot-Savart law, Ampere's theorem,
electromagnetic induction; Maxwell's equations in free space and linear isotropic media;
boundary conditions on fields at interfaces,; Scalar and vector potentials; Gauge invariance;
Electromagnetic waves in free space, dielectrics, and conductors; Reflection and
refraction, polarization, optical instrument, defects of eye. Fresnels Law, interference,
coherence, and diffraction; Dispersion relations in plasma; Lorentz invariance of
Maxwells equations; Transmission lines and wave guides; Dynamics of charged
particles in static and uniform electromagnetic fields; Radiation from moving charges,
dipoles and retarded potentials, current electricity-Kirchhoffs Law, Wheat Stone Bridge,
Potentio meter & Slide Wire Bridge.



8

IV. Quantum Mechanics

Wave-particle duality; Wave functions in coordinate and momentum
representations; Commutators and Heisenberg's uncertainty principle; Matrix
representation; Diracs bra and ket notation; Schroedinger equation (time-dependent
and time-independent); Eigenvalue problems such as particle-in-a-box, harmonic
oscillator, etc.; Tunneling through a barrier; Motion in a central potential; Orbital angular
momentum, Angular momentum algebra, spin; Addition of angular momenta; Hydrogen
atom, spin-orbit coupling, fine structure; Time-independent perturbation theory and
applications; Variational method; WKB approximation;

Time dependent perturbation theory and Fermi's Golden Rule; Selection rules; Semi-
classical theory of radiation; Elementary theory of scattering, phase shifts, partial
waves, Born approximation; Identical particles, Pauli's exclusion principle, spin-
statistics connection; Relativistic quantum mechanics: Klein Gordon and Dirac equations.

V. Thermodynamic and Statistical Physics

Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences; Thermodynamic potentials,
Maxwell relations; Chemical potential, phase equilibria; Phase space, micro- and
macrostates; Microcanonical, canonical and grand-canonical ensembles and partition
functions; Free Energy and connection with thermodynamic quantities; First- and
second-order phase transitions; Classical and quantum statistics, ideal Fermi and Bose
gases; Principle of detailed balance; Blackbody radiation and Planck's distribution law;
Bose-Einstein condensation; Random walk and Brownian motion; Introduction to non-
equilibrium processes; Diffusion equation.

VI. Electronics and Experimental methods

Semiconductor device physics, including diodes, junctions, transistors, field effect
devices, homo and heterojunction devices, device structure, device characteristics,
frequency dependence and applications; Optoelectronic devices, including solar cells,
photodetectors, and LEDs; High-frequency devices, including generators and
detectors; Operational amplifiers and their applications; Digital techniques and
applications (registers, counters, comparators and similar circuits); A/D and D/A
converters; Microprocessor and microcontroller basics, Logic gates, communication
system.

Data interpretation and analysis. Precision and accuracy. Error analysis, propagation of
errors. Least squares fitting.


9

VII. Experimental Techniques and data analysis

Data interpretation and analysis; Precision and accuracy, error analysis, propagation of errors, least
squares fitting, linear and nonlinear curve fitting, chi-square test; Transducers (temperature,
pressure/vacuum, magnetic field, vibration, optical, and particle detectors), measurement and
control; Signal conditioning and recovery, impedance matching, amplification (Op-amp based,
instrumentation amp, feedback), filtering and noise reduction, shielding and grounding; Fourier
transforms; lock-in detector, box-car integrator, modulation techniques.

Applications of the above experimental and analytical techniques to typical undergraduate and
graduate level laboratory experiments.
VIII. Atomic & Molecular Physics
Quantum states of an electron in an atom; Electron spin; Stern-Gerlach experiment; Spectrum of
Hydrogen, helium and alkali atoms; Relativistic corrections for energy levels of hydrogen; Hyperfine
structure and isotopic shift; width of spectral lines; LS & JJ coupling; Zeeman, Paschen Back & Stark
effect, Photoelectric effect, X-ray spectroscopy; Electron spin resonance, Nuclear magnetic resonance,
chemical shift; Rotational, vibrational, electronic, and Raman spectra of diatomic molecules; Frank
Condon principle and selection rules; Spontaneous and stimulated emission, Einstein A & B
coefficients; Lasers, optical pumping, population inversion, rate equation; Modes of resonators and
coherence length.
IX. Condensed Matter Physics
Bravais lattices; Reciprocal lattice, diffraction and the structure factor; Bonding of
solids; Elastic properties, phonons, lattice specific heat; Free electron theory and
electronic specific heat; Response and relaxation phenomena; Drude model of
electrical and thermal conductivity; Hall effect and thermoelectric power;
Diamagnetism, paramagnetism, and ferromagnetism; Electron motion in a periodic
potential, band theory of metals, insulators and semiconductors; Superconductivity, type
I and type - II superconductors, Josephson junctions; Defects and dislocations; Ordered
phases of matter, translational and orientational order, kinds of liquid crystalline order;
Conducting polymers; Quasicrystals.
X. Nuclear and Particle Physics
Basic nuclear properties: size, shape, charge distribution, spin and parity; Binding
energy, semi-empirical mass formula; Liquid drop model; Fission and fusion; Nature of
the nuclear force, form of nucleon-nucleon potential; Charge-independence and
charge-symmetry of nuclear forces; Isospin; Deuteron problem; Evidence of shell
structure, single- particle shell model, its validity and limitations; Rotational spectra;
Elementary ideas of alpha, beta and gamma decays and their selection rules; Nuclear
reactions, reaction mechanisms, compound nuclei and direct reactions; Classification of
fundamental forces; Elementary particles (quarks, baryons, mesons, leptons); Spin and
parity assignments, isospin, strangeness; Gell-Mann-Nishijima formula; C, P, and T
invariance and applications of symmetry arguments to particle reactions, parity non-
conservation in weak interaction; Relativistic kinematics.

10


Chemistry
Physical Chemistry
1. Basic principles of chemistry:- Importance of chemistry, Nature of Matter, Properties of
Matter and their measurement, Uncertainty in measurements, Laws of chemical combinations,
Dalton's Atomic Theory, Atomic and Molecular Masses,Mole concept and molar masses
Percentage Composition, Stoichiometry and Stoichiometric Calculations
2. Atomic structure:- Sub atomic Particles, Atomic models, Developments Leading to the
Bohr's model of atom, Bohr's Model for hydrogen atom, towards Quantum Mechanical model
of the Atom, Quantum mechanical model of Atom, Nature of electromagnetic radiation,
photoelectric effect limitations of Bohr's model, Dual nature of matter, de-Broglie's
relationship, Heisnberg uncertaintiy principle, various quantum numbers( principal, angular
momentum and magnetic quantum numbers) and their significance, shapes of s,p and d
orbitals, electron spin quantum number, Rules for filling electrons in orbitals-aufbau principle ,
Paulli's exclusion principle and Hund's rule, electronic configuration of elements, extra stability
of half- filled and completely filled orbitals.
3. States of Matter:-Intermolecular Forces,Thermal Energy, Intermolecular forces vs
thermal interactions, The Gascous state, The Gas laws, Ideal gas equation, Kinetic Molecular
theory of Gases, Liquification of Gases, Liquid state
4. Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure:-Kossel Lewis approach to chemical bond
formation, concept of ionic and covalent bonds, Ionic Bonding, Formation of Ionic bonds,
factors affecting the formation of ionic bonds, calculation of lattice enthalpy, Covalent Bonding,
Concept of electronegetavitiy, Fajan's rule, dipole moment, Valence Shell Electron Pair
Repulsion(VSEPR) theory and shapes of simple molecules, Quantum mechanical approach to
covalent bonding , Valence bond theory its important features, concept of hybridization
involving s,p and d orbitals, Resonance, Molecular Orbital Theory ,LCAOs , types of molecular
orbitals (bonding, antibonding), sigma and pi-bonds, molecular orbitals electronic
configurations of homonuclear diatomic molecules, concept of bond order, bond length and
bond energy , Elementary idea of metallic bonding , Hydrogen bonding and its applications.
5. Basic principles and applications of spectroscopy:- Rotational, vibrational, electronic,
Raman, ESR, NMR

6. Thermodynamics:- Fundamental of thermodynamics , System and surroundings,
extensive and intensive properties, state functions, types of processes, First law of
thermodynamics ,concept of work, heat internal energy and enthalpy , heat capacity, molar
heat capacity, Hess's law of constant heat summation , Enthalpies of bond dissociation,
combustion ,formation, atomization,sublimation , phase transition, hydration, ionisationand
solution. Second law of thermodynamics, Spontaneity of processes, S of the universe and G
of the s system as criteria for spontaneity, G
o
(standard Gibbs energy change) and equilibrium
constant.
11

7. Equilibrium:- Meaning of equilibrium, concept of dynamic equilibrium. Equilibria
involving physical processes: Solid - liquid, liquid - gas and solid - gas equilibria, Henry's law,
general characterics of equilibrium involving physical processes. Equilibria involving chemical
process: Law of chemical equilibrium, equilibrium constants (Kp and Kc) and their significance,
significance of G and G
o
in chemical equilibria, factors affecting equilibrium concentration,
pressure, temperature, effect of catalyst; Le Chatelier's principle. lonic equilibrium: Weak and
strong electrolytes, ionization of electrolytes, various concepts of acids and bases (Arthenius
Bronsted - Lowry and Lewis) and their ionization, acid - base equilibria (including multistage
ionization) and ionization constants, ionization of water, pH scale, common ion effect,
hydrolysis of salts and pH of their solutions, solubility of sparingly soluble salts and solubility
products, buffer solutions.
8. Redox Reactions and Electrochemistry:- Electronic concept of oxidation and reduction,
redox reactions, oxidation number, rules for assigning oxidation number balancing of redox
reactions. Eectrolytic and metallic conduction, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific
and molar conductivities and their variation with concentration: Kohlrausch's law and its
applications. Electrochemical cells - Electrolytic and Galvanic cells, different types of electrodes,
electrode potentials including standard electrode potential, half-cell and cell reactions, emf of a
Galvanic cell and its measurement; Nernst equation and its applications; Relationship between
cell potential and Gibbs' energy change, Dry cell and lead accumulator; Fuel cells.
9. Chemical Kinetics:- Rate of a chemical reactions, factors affecting the rate of
reactions: concentration, temperature, pressure and catalyst; elementary and complex
reactions, order and molecularity of reactions, rate law, constant and its units, differential and
integral forms of zero and first order reactions, their characteristics and half-lives, effect of
temperature on rate of reactions - Arrhenius theory, activation energy and its calculation,
collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation).
10. Surface chemistry:- Adsorption - Physisorption and chemisorptions and their
characteristics, factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids - Freundlich and Langmuir
adsorption isotherms, adsorption from solutions, Colliodal state - distinction among true
solutions, colloids and suspensions, classification of colloids - lyophilic, lyophobic; multi
molecular, macromolecular and associated colloids (micelles), preparation and properties of
colloids - Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, dialysis, coagulation and
flocculation; Emulsions and their characteristics.
11. Solid States-: General Characteristics of solid state, Amorphous and Crystalline Solids,
Classification of Crystalline Solids, Crystal Lattices and Unit Cell, Close-Packed Structures,
Packing Efficiency, Calculations Involving Unit Cell Dimensions, Imperfections in Solids, Electrical
Properties, Magnetic Properties.
12. Concepts of catalysis:- Homogenous and heterogeneous catalysis,
13. Solutions:- Types of Solutions, Expressing concentration of solutions, Solubility, Vapour
pressure of liquid solutions, Ideal and Non-ideal solutions, Colligative Properties and
Determination of Molar Mass, Abnormal Molar Masses

12

Inorganic Chemistry
1. Chemical periodicity:- Modern periodic law and present form of the periodic tables, s,
p, d and f block elements, periodic trends in properties of elements atomic and ionic radii,
ionization enthalpy, electron gain enthalpy, valence, oxidation states and chemical reactivity.
2. General principles & process of isolation of metals:- Modes of occurrence of elements
in nature, minerals, ores; Steps involved in the extraction of metals - concentration, reduction
(chemical and electrolytic methods) and refining with special reference to the extraction of Al,
Cu, Zn and Fe; Thermodynamic and electrochemical principles involved in the extraction of
metals.
3. Hydrogen:- Position of hydrogen in periodic table, isotopes, preparation, properties and
uses of hydrogen; Physical and chemical properties of water and heavy water, Structure
preparation, reactions and uses of hydrogen peroxide; Hydrogen as a fuel.
4. S-Block elements:- Group-1 and 2 elements introduction, electronic configuration and
general trends in physical and chemical properties of elements, anomalous properties of the
first element of each group, diagonal relationships. Preparation and properties of some
important compounds - sodium carbonate and sodium hydroxide; Industrial uses of lime,
limestone Plaster of Paris and cement; Biological significance of Na, K, Mg and Ca.
5. P-Block elements:- Group 13 to Group 18 elements, Electronic configuration general
trends in physical and chemical properties of elements across the periods and down the
group; unique behavior of the first element in each group. Preparation, properties and
uses of boron and aluminium; properties of boric acid, diboron, boron trifluride,
aluminium chloride and alums, Allotropes of carbon, catenation; Structure & properties
of silicates and zeolites. Properties and uses of nitrogen and phosphorus; Allotrophic
forms, structure and uses of ammonia, nitric acid, and PCl3, PCl5; Structures of oxides of
phosphorus. Preparation, properties, structures and uses of ozone; Allotropic forms of
sulphur, sulphuric acid and structures of oxoacids of sulphur.
6. d-&f Block elements:- Position in periodic table, electronic configurations of d-block
elements, general properties of the transition elements (d-Block), some important
compounds of transition elements, the lanthanoids, the actinoids, some application of d-
and f-Block elements. Preparation, properties and uses of K2 Cr2O7 and KMnO4.
7. Co-ordination compounds & Organometallic compounds:- Introduction to co-
ordination compounds, Werner's theory; ligands, co-ordination number, denticity,
chelation; IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear co-ordination compounds, isomerism;
Bonding - Valence bond approach and basic ideas of Crystal field theory, colour and
magnetic properties; Importance of co-ordination compounds (in qualitative analysis,
extraction of metals and in biological systems), Organmetallic comounds-synthesis,
bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics in homogenous catalysis. Cages
and metal clusters.
13

8. Environmental Chemistry:- Environmental pollution - Atmospheric, water and soil,
Atmospheric pollution - Tropospheric and Stratospheric Tropospheric pollutants -
Gaseous pollutants : Oxides of carbon, nitrogen and sulphur, hydrocarbons; their sources,
harmful effects and prevention; Green house effect and Global warming; Acid rain;
Particulate pollutants: Smoke, dust, smog, fumes, mist; their sources, harmful effects and
prevention. Stratospheric pollution - Formation and breakdown of ozone, depletion of
ozone layer - its mechanism and effects. Water Pollution - Major pollutants such as,
pathogens, organic wastes and chemical pollutants; their harmful effects and prevention.
Soil pollution - Major pollutants such as : Pesticides (insecticides, herbicides and
fungicidies), their harmful effects and prevention. Strategies to control environmental
pollution.
9. Nuclear Chemistry:- Nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques
and activation analysis.
10. Analytical chemistry:- Separation techniques, Spectroscopic electro and
thermoanalytical methods.
11. Bioinorganic Chemistry:- Photosystems, porphyrines, metalloenzymes, oxygen
transport, electron transfer reactions, nitrogen fixation.
12. Physical characterization of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR,
Mossbauer, UV-, NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.

Organic Chemistry
1. Purification & Characterisation of organic compounds:- Purification
Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction and chromatography
principles and their applications. Qualitative analysis Detection of nitrogen, sulphur,
phosphorus and halogens. Quantitaive analysis Estimation of carbon, hydrogen,
nitrogen, halogens, sulphur, phosphorus. Calculations of empirical formulae and
molecular formulae; Numerical problems in organic quantitative analysis.
2. Some basic principles of organic chemistry:- Tetravalency of carbon Shapes of
simple molecules hybridization (s and p); Classification of organic compounds based
on functional groups :- C = C -, -Carbon Carbon triple bond and those containing
halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur, Homologus series; Isomerism structuraland
stereoisomerism. Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC) Covalent bond Homolytic and
heterolytic : free radicals, carbocations and carbanions; stability of carbocations and free
radicals, eleectrophiles and nucleophiles. Electronic displacement in a covalent bond
Inductive effect, electromeric effect, resonance and hyperconjugation.
3. Chemistry of Hydrocarbon:- Classification, Isomersim IUPAC nomenclature, general
methods of preparation, properties and reactions. Alkanes Conformations : Sawhorse
and Newman projections (of ethane); Mechanism of halogenations of alkanes. Alkenes
Geometrical isomerism; Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of hydrogen,
14

halogens, water hydrogen halides (Markownikofff's and peroxide effect); Ozonolysis and
polymerization. Alkynes Acidic character, Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water and
hydrogen halides; Polymerization. Aromatic hydrocarbons Nomenclature, benzene
structure and aromaticity: Mechanism of electrophillic substitution: halogenations,
nitration, Friedel Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of functional
group in mono substituted benzene.
4. Organic compounds containing Halogens:- General methods of preparation,
properties and reactions; Nature of C X bond; Mechanisms of substitution reactions,
Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform & iodoform.
5. Organic compounds containing Oxygen:- General methods of preparation,
properties, reactions and uses. Alcohols, Phenols and Ethers Alcohols: Identification of
primary, secondary and tertiary alcoholos; mechanism of dehydration. Phenols: Acidic
nature, electrophillic substitution reactions : halogenations, nitration and sulphonation,
Reimer Tiemann reaction. Ethers : Structure. Aldehyde and ketones : Nature of
carbonyl group ; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group, relative reactivities of aldehydes
and ketones: Important reactions such as Nucleophilic addition reactions (addition of
HCN, NH3 and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation; reduction (Wolff Kishner
and Clemmensen); acidity of hydrogen, aldol condensation, Cannizzaro reaction,
Haloform reaction; Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes and Ketones.
Methods of preparation properties, reactions and uses of carboxylic acids, acidic strength
and factors affecting it.
6. Organic compounds containing Nitrogen:- General methods of preparation,
properties, reactions and uses. Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, basic
character and identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines and their basic
character. Diazonium salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
7. Polymers:- General introduction and classification of polymers, general methods of
polymerization addition and condensation, copolymerization; Natural and synthetic
rubber and vulcanization; some important polymers with emphasis on their monomers
and uses polythene, nylon, polyester and bakelite.
8. Biomolecules:-General introduction and importance of biomolecules. Carbohydrates-
Classification : aldoses and ketoses; monosaccharides and constituent monosaccharides
of oligosaccharides, starch. Proteins primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary
structure (qualitative ides only), denaturation of proteins, enzymes. Vitamins
Classification and functions. Nucleic Acids Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.
Biological functions of nucleic acids.
9. Chemistry in Everyday Life:- Chemical in medicines Analgesics, tranquilizers,
antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids,
antihistamins their meaning and common examples. Chemical in food Preservatives,
artificial sweetening agents common examples. Cleansing agents Soaps and
detergents, cleansing action.
15

10. Common reagents (organic, inorganic and organometallic) in organic synthesis.
11. Selective organic transformations chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, steroselectivity,
enatioselectivity. Protecting groups.
12. Physical characterization of organic compounds by IR, UV-, MS and NMR.
13. Principles related to Practical Chemistry.



MATHEMATICS

UNIT 1

Analysis: Elementary set theory, Sets:

Sets and their representations. Empty set, Finite & Infinite sets, Equal sets. Subsets, Subsets of
the set of real numbers especially intervals (with notations). Power set. Universal set. Venn
diagrams. Union and Intersection of sets. Difference of sets. Complement of a set, Properties of
complement sets.

Finite, countable and uncountable sets, Real number system as a complete ordered field,
Archimedean property, supremum, infimum.

Sequence and series:

Sequence and Series, Arithmetic Progression (A.P), Arithmetic Mean (A.M), Geometric
Progression (G.P), general term of a G.P, sum of n terms of a G.P . Arithmetic and Geometric
series, infinite G.P. and its sum. Geometric mean (G .M), relation between
A.M and G.M, Sum
to n term of the special series

n,.

n
2
and

n
3
.
Convergence,. Sequences and series of
functions, uniform convergence.

Binomial Theorem:

History, statement and proof of the binomial theorem for positive integral indices. Pascals
triangle, general and middle term in binomial expansion, simple applications. Bolzano
Weierstrass theorem, Heine Borel theorem.

Continuity and Differentiability:
Continuity, uniform continuity. Continuity and Differentiability, derivative of composite
functions, chain rule, derivative of inverse trigonometric functions, derivative of implicit
function.

16

Concepts of exponential and logarithmic functions. Derivatives of loge
x
and e
x
. Logarithmic
differentiation. Derivative of functions expressed in parametric forms.

Second order derivatives. Rolles and Lagranges Mean Value Theorems (without proof) and
their geometric interpretations.

Applications of Derivatives:

Applications of derivatives: rate of change, increasing/decreasing functions, tangents and
normal, approximation, maxima and minima. Simple problems (that illustrate basic principles
and understanding of the subject as well as real life situations).

Limits and Derivatives:

Derivative introduced as rate of change both as that of distance function and geometrically,
intuitive idea of limit. , limsup, liminf . Definition of derivative, relate it to slope of tangent of
the curve, derivative of sum, difference, product and quotient of functions. Derivatives of
polynomial and trigonometric functions. Mean value theorem.
Integrals: Integration as inverse process of differentiation. Integration of a variety of functions
by substitution, by partial fractions and by parts. Definite integrals as a limit of a sum.
Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, Basic properties of definite integrals and evaluation of
definite integrals. .

Applications of the Integrals:

Applications in finding the area under simple curves, especially lines, areas of
circles/parabolas/ellipses, area between the two above said curves. Riemann sums and
Riemann integral, Improper Integrals.

Monotonic functions, types of discontinuity, functions of bounded variation, Lebesgue
measure, Lebesgue integral. Functions of several variables, directional derivative, partial
derivative, derivative as a linear transformation, inverse and implicit function theorems. Metric
spaces, compactness, connectedness. Normed linear Spaces. Spaces of continuous functions as
examples.

Linear Algebra:
Vector spaces: Vectors and scalars, magnitude and direction of a vector. Direction
cosines/ratios of vectors. Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors),
position vector of a point, negative of a vector, components of a vector, addition of vectors,
multiplication of a vector by a scalar, position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given
ratio. Scalar (dot) product of vectors, projection of a vector on a line. Vector (cross) product of
vectors, scalar triple product.

Linear Inequalities:

17

Linear inequalities, Algebraic solutions of linear inequalities in one variable and their
representation on the number line. Graphical solution of linear inequalities in two variables.
Solution of system of linear inequalities in two variables - graphically.

Subspaces, linear dependence, basis, dimension, algebra of linear transformations.

Matrices & Determinant:
Concept, notation, order, equality, types of matrices, zero matrix, transpose of a matrix,
symmetric and skew symmetric matrices. Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of
matrices, simple properties of addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication. Non-
commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product
is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2). Concept of elementary row and
column operations. Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists.

Determinant of a square matrix (up to 33matrices), properties of determinants, minors,
cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle.

Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix. Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of
system of linear equation by examples, solving system of linear equations in two or three
variables using inverse of a matrix. Rank and determinant of matrices, linear equations. Eigen
values and eigen vectors, Cayley-Hamilton theorem.
Matrix representation of linear transformations. Change of basis, canonical forms, diagonal
forms, triangular forms, Jordan forms. Inner product spaces, orthonormal basis. Quadratic
forms, reduction and classification of quadratic forms
Straight Lines :

Brief recall of 2-D from earlier classes, Shifting of origin. Slope of a line and angle between two
lines .Various forms of equations of a line: parallel to axes, pointslope form, slopintercept
form, twopoint form, intercept form and normal form, General equation of a line. Equation of
family of lines passing through the point of intersection of two lines. Distance of a point from a
line.

Conic Sections:
Sections of a cone ; circles , ellipse , parabola, hyperbola ,a point , a straight line and a pair of
intersecting lines as a degenerated case of a conic section. Standard equations and simple
properties of parabola, ellipse and hyperbola. Standard equations of a circle.

Introduction to Three-dimensional Geometry:
Coordinate axes and coordinate planes in three dimensions. Coordinates of a point. Distance
between two points and section formula.

Three-dimensional Geometry:
Direction cosines/ratios of a line joining two points. Cartesian and vector equation of a line,
coplanar and skew lines, shortest distance between two lines. Cartesian and vector equation of
a plane. Angle between (i) two lines, (ii) two planes, (iii) a line and a plane. Distance of a point
from a plane.
18


UNIT 2
Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations:

Need for complex numbers, especially -1, to be motivated by inability to solve every quadratic
equation. Brief description of algebraic properties of complex numbers. Argand plane and polar
representation of complex numbers. Statement of Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, solution
of quadratic equations in the complex number system. Square-root of a Complex number.

Algebra of complex numbers, the complex plane, polynomials, power series, transcendental
functions such as exponential, trigonometric and hyperbolic functions.

Trigonometric Functions:

Positive and negative angles. Measuring angles in radians and in degrees and conversion from
one measure to another. Definition of trigonometric functions with the help of unit circle. Truth
of the identity sin
2
x + cos
2
x = 1, for all x. Signs of trigonometric functions and sketch of their
graphs. Expressing sin(xy) and cos(xy) in terms of sinx, siny, cosx & cosy.

Identities related to sin 2x, cos 2x, tan 2x, sin 3x, cos 3x and tan 3x. General solution of
trigonometric equations of the type sin = sin, cos = cos and tan = tan .

Analytic functions, Cauchy-Riemann equations. Contour integral, Cauchys theorem, Cauchys
integral formula, Liouvilles theorem, Maximum modulus principle, Schwarz lemma, Open
mapping theorem. Taylor series, Laurent series, calculus of residues. Conformal mappings,
Mobius transformations.

Algebra:

Permutations & Combinations:
Fundamental principle of counting, Factorial n(n!) Permutations and combinations, derivation
of formulae and their connections, simple applications. Pigeon-hole principle, inclusion-
exclusion principle.

Fundamental theorem of arithmetic, divisibility in Z, congruences, Chinese Remainder Theorem,
Eulers - function, primitive roots.

Groups, subgroups, normal subgroups, quotient groups, homomorphisms, cyclic groups,
permutation groups, Cayleys theorem, class equations, Sylow theorems.
Rings, ideals, prime and maximal ideals, quotient rings, unique factorization domain, principal
ideal domain, Euclidean domain.
Polynomial rings and irreducibility criteria. Fields, finite fields, field extensions, Galois Theory.
Dense sets, subspace and product topology, separation axioms, connectedness and
compactness.
19


UNIT 3
Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs):

Differential Equations:

Definition, order and degree, general and particular solutions of a differential equation.
Formation of differential equation whose general solution is given.

Solution of differential equations by method of separation of variables, homogeneous
differential equations of first order and first degree. Solutions of linear differential equation of
the type:

dy +py=Q

where P and Q are functions of x or constant.

dx+ px=Q
dy
where P and Q are functions of y or
constant

Existence and uniqueness of solutions of initial value problems for first order ordinary
differential equations, singular solutions of first order ODEs, system of first order ODEs.

General theory of homogenous and non-homogeneous linear ODEs, variation of parameters,
Sturm-Liouville boundary value problem, Greens function.

Partial Differential Equations (PDEs):
Lagrange and Charpit methods for solving first order PDEs, Cauchy problem for first order PDEs.
Classification of second order PDEs, General solution of higher order PDEs with constant
coefficients, Method of separation of variables for Laplace, Heat and Wave equations.

Numerical Analysis:
Numerical solutions of algebraic equations, Method of iteration and Newton-Raphson method,
Rate of convergence, Solution of systems of linear algebraic equations using Gauss elimination
and Gauss-Seidel methods, Finite differences, Lagrange, Hermite and spline interpolation,
Numerical differentiation and integration, Numerical solutions of ODEs using Picard, Euler,
modified Euler and Runge-Kutta methods.

Calculus of Variations:
Variation of a functional, Euler-Lagrange equation, Necessary and sufficient conditions for
extrema. Variational methods for boundary value problems in ordinary and partial differential
equations.

dx
20

Linear Integral Equations:
Linear integral equation of the first and second kind of Fredholm and Volterra type, Solutions
with separable kernels. Characteristic numbers and eigenfunctions, resolvent kernel.

Classical Mechanics:

Generalized coordinates, Lagranges equations, Hamiltons canonical equations, Hamiltons
principle and principle of least action, Two-dimensional motion of rigid bodies, Eulers
dynamical equations for the motion of a rigid body about an axis, theory of small oscillations.

UNIT 4

Descriptive statistics, exploratory data analysis
Mathematical Reasoning:
Mathematically acceptable statements. Connecting words/phrasesconsolidating the
understanding of if and only if (necessary and sufficient) condition, implies, and/or,
implied by, and, or, there exists and their use through variety of examples related to real
life and Mathematics , Validating the statements involving the connecting words- difference
between contradiction, converse and contrapositive.

Statistics:
Measure of dispersion: mean deviation, variance and standard deviation of ungrouped/grouped
data. Analysis of frequency distributions with equal means but different variances.

Probability:
Random experiments: outcomes, sample spaces( set representation). Events: Occurrence of
events, not, and & or events, exhaustive events, mutually exclusive events. Axiomatic (set
theoretic) probability, connections with the theories of earlier classes.

Probability of an event, probability of not, and & or events. Multiplication theorem on
probability. Conditional probability, independent events, total probability, Bayes theorem,
Random variable and its probability distribution, mean and variance of haphazard variable.
Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution. Sample space, discrete
probability, independent events, Bayes theorem. Random variables and distribution functions
(univariate and multivariate); expectation and moments. Independent random variables,
marginal and conditional distributions. Characteristic functions. Probability inequalities
(Tchebyshef, Markov, Jensen). Modes of convergence, weak and strong laws of large numbers,
Central Limit theorems .

Markov chains with finite and countable state space, classification of states, limiting behaviour
of n-step transition probabilities, stationary distribution, Poisson and birth-and-death
processes.

Standard discrete and continuous univariate distributions. sampling distributions, standard
errors and asymptotic distributions, distribution of order statistics and range.
21


Methods of estimation, properties of estimators, confidence intervals. Tests of hypotheses:
most powerful and uniformly most powerful tests, likelihood ratio tests. Analysis of discrete
data and chi-square test of goodness of fit. Large sample tests. Simple non-parametric tests for
one and two sample problems, rank correlation and test for independence. Elementary
Bayesian inference.

Gauss-Markov models, estimability of parameters, best linear unbiased estimators, confidence
intervals, tests for linear hypotheses. Analysis of variance and covariance. Fixed, random and
mixed effects models. Simple and multiple linear regression. Elementary regression diagnostics.
Logistic regression.
Multivariate normal distribution, Wishart distribution and their properties. Distribution of
quadratic forms. Inference for parameters, partial and multiple correlation coefficients and
related tests. Data reduction techniques: Principle component analysis, Discriminant analysis,
Cluster analysis, Canonical correlation.
Simple random sampling, stratified sampling and systematic sampling. Probability proportional
to size sampling. Ratio and regression methods.
Completely randomized designs, randomized block designs and Latin-square designs.
Connectedness and orthogonality of block designs, BIBD. 2K factorial experiments: confounding
and construction.
Series and parallel systems, hazard function and failure rates, censoring and life testing,
Linear Programming Problem:
Introduction, definition of related terminology such as constraints, objectives function,
optimization, different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems, mathematical formulation
of L.P problems, graphical method of solution for problems in two variables, feasible and
infeasible regions, feasible and infeasible solutions, optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-
trivial constrains)
Simplex methods, duality. Elementary queuing and inventory models. Steady-state solutions of
Markovian queuing models: M/M/1, M/M/1 with limited waiting space, M/M/C, M/M/C with
limited waiting space, M/G/1.





22





COMMERCE
Accounting
Introduction to accounting
Accounting, objectives, advantages and limitations, types of accounting information, uses of
accounting information and their needs. Basic accounting terms, accounting concepts, capital
and revenue cash basis and accrual basis accounting standards and IFRS.
Accounting Principles, recording of transactions, origin of transactions, source documents,
books of original entry
-Journal, cash books and subsidiary books ledger & trail balance, depreciation, provisions &
reserves. Accounting for Bills of exchange, rectification of errors, bank reconciliation
statement Financial statements of sole propertiership, complete & incomplete records, profit &
loss accounts, gross profit, net profit, balance sheet , adjustments in preparation of financial
statements.
Financial statements of not for profit organization, receipt & payment account & income and
expenditure account & balance sheet.
Introduction to computer & accounting information system
Introduction to operating software , utility software & application software. Stages In
automation, accounting for partnership firms ; Admission, retirement, death, & dissolution &
cash distribution.
Advance Company Accounts
23

Accounting for share capital & debentures ( share capital, issue & allotment, fore feature,
purchase of business, liquidations, valuation of shares amalgamation, absorption &
reconstruction, holding company accounts.
Cost & Management Accounting
Ratio analysis , Funds flow analysis , cash flow analysis, Marginal costing & break even analysis,
standard costing budgetory control, costing for decision making, responsibility accounting.
Capital structure , financial and operating leverage , cost of capital, capital budgeting , Working
capital management, dividend policy , hire purchase, consignment & joint venture.
Balance sheet of a company in the prescribed form with major heading ( Schedule VI ) Financial
analysis.
BUSINESS STUDIES
Nature & Purpose of Business:
Concept & Characteristics
Business profession & Employment-Distinctive Features
Objectives of Business-Economic, Social & Human
Business Risks- Nature & Causes
Role of profit in Business
A brief outline of the evolution of Business Activities In India
STRUCTURE OF BUSINESS
Classifications of Business activities, Industry & Commerce
Industry & Types: Primary & Secondary
E-Commerce- Meaning, Oppurtunities & benefits, Resources required for successful E-
Commerce Implementation, Security & safety for Business Transactions.
Outsourcing of Services: Nature, Need & Types, Financial services, Advertising, Customer
Support services.
SERVICE SECTOR & BUSINESS
24

Banking: Types of Banks & Functions of Commercial banks.
Insurance : Principles, Types : Life & General, Fire & marine and Insurance of other Risks, Health
Insurance, Fidelity Insurance.
Communication : Postal & Telecommunications
Warehousing : Types & Functions
SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS AND BUSINESS ETHICS
Concept of Social Responsibility.
Case of Social Responsibility & Human Rights.
Responsibility towards Consumers, Government & communit in General.
Business & Environment Protection.
Business Ethics: Concepts & Elements.
FORMS AND FORMATION OF BUSINESS ENTERPRISES
Meaning, Features, Merits & Limitations of following Forms:
Sole Proprietorship
Joint Hindu Business
Partnership: PartnershipDeed ( main clauses), Types of Partners
& Partnership formation, Registration.
Co-operative Socities.
Company : Types of Companies- Private,Public & Deemed public Compan, Privileges
of private Company.
Choice of Form of Business Enterprise
Factors to be considered for starting a Business
Scope of setting up a Small Business Enterprises
SECTORAL ORGANISATION OF BUSINESS
25

Meaning, Features, Merits & Limitations of Following:
- Private Sector, Public Sector & Joint Sector.
Forms of public Sector Enterprises
Departmental Undertaking
Co-Operative Organisation
Government Company
Global Enterprise ( Multi national Company)

Business economics and quantitative methods:
BUSINESS STATISTICS:
Introduction to Statistics:
Statistics: Meaning, Definition; Its Need and Importance in Business, Functions and Distrust of
Statistics. Statistical tools used in economical analysis.
Collection of Data:
Meaning of Data, Sources of Data, types of data, Methods of
Collecting Data, Construction of Questionnaire
Theory of Sampling:
Census and Sampling Methods, Principles of Sampling, Qualities of Good
Sampling, Methods or Techniques of Sampling, need and error of sampling, normal distribution,
hypothesis testing, analysis and interpretation of data, Census of India and National Sample
Survey Organisation
Organisation of Data:
Meaning and types of variables; Frequency Distribution
Presentation of Data:
Tabular Presentation and Diagrammatic Presentation of Data:
(i) Geometric forms (bar Diagrams and pie diagrams)
(ii) Frequency diagrams (histogram, polygon and ogive)
(iii) Arithmetic line Graphs (time series graph).
Statistical Tools and Interpretation:
Measures of Central Tendency - mean (simple and weighted), median and mode.
Measures of Dispersion - absolute dispersion (range Deciles, Percentile, quartile deviation,
mean deviation and standard Deviation)
Relative dispersion (co-efficient of quartile-deviation, co-efficient of mean deviation, co-
efficient of Variation)
Lorenz Curve: Meaning and its application.

Skewness:
26

Meaning of Measures of Skewness
Difference between Dispersion & Skewness
Measures of Skewness:
a) Absolute measures
b) Relative Measures & Coefficient of Skewness
(i) Bowley's Coefficient of Skewness
(ii) Kelly's Coefficient of Skewness
(iii) Karl Pearson's Coefficient of Skewness
Introduction to Index Numbers:
Meaning ,types, features and uses of index numbers
Wholesale price index
Consumer price index and index of industrial production
Problems of construction of index numbers
Inflation and index numbers.
Methods of Construction of Index Number, Cost of Living Index Numbers,
Choice of base for Computing Index Numbers, Base Shifting.
Some Mathematical tools used in Economics: Equation of a line, slope of a line, slope of a curve.

CORRELATION & REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Small sample test - T-test, f-test and chi-square test.
Data processing elements, data entry, data processing and computer applications.
BUSSINESS ECONOMICS:
Nature and uses of business economics: Concept of profit and wealth maximisation ,
Definition, Characteristics of Managerial Economics Difference between Managerial Economics
and Economics- Its Scope, Uses and Role & Responsibility of Managerial Economics.
Microeconomics
Meaning of microeconomics and macroeconomics
What is an economy
Central problems of an economy , what, how and for whom to produce.
Concepts of production possibility frontier and opportunity cost.
Consumer Equilibrium and Demand
Consumer's equilibrium meaning of utility, marginal utility, law of diminishing marginal utility,
law of equi.-marginal utility , conditions of consumer's equilibrium using marginal utility
analysis.
Indifference curve analysis of consumer's equilibrium-the consumer's budget (budget set and
budget line), preferences of the consumer (indifference curve, indifference map) and conditions
of consumer's equilibrium ( one and two commodity cases) .
27

Demand, market demand, determinants of demand,law of demand, demand schedule, demand
curve, movement along and shifts in the demand curve; price elasticity of demand - factors
affecting price elasticity of demand; measurement of price elasticity of demand (a)
percentage-change method and (b) geometric method (linear demand curve); relationship
between price elasticity of demand and total expenditure.
Producer Behaviour and Supply
Production function: returns to factor and returns to scale;
Total Product, Average Product and Marginal Product.
Returns to a Factor.
Cost and Revenue: Short run costs - total cost, total fixed cost, total variable cost; Average fixed
cost, average variable cost and marginal cost-meaning and their relationship.
Revenue - total, average and marginal revenue.
Producer's equilibrium-meaning and its conditions in terms of marginal revenue-marginal cost.
Supply, market supply, determinants of supply, law of supply, supply schedule, supply curve,
movements along and shifts in supply curve, price elasticity of supply; measurement of price
elasticity of supply (a) percentage change method and (b) geometric method.
Forms of Market and Price Determination
Forms of Market-Perfect Competition, Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition-Their Meaning and
Features, Price Determination in different ,market situations: Perfect competition, monopolistic
competition , monopoly ,price discrimination and oligopoly, pricing strategies.
Macroeconomics:
NATIONAL INCOME AND RELATED AGGREGATES.
Basic Concepts and Measurement of National Income.
(i) Macro Economics-Meaning, Circular Flow of Income, Concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP, NNP, (At
Market Price and Factor Cost) National Disposable Income (Gross and Net) Private Income,
Personal Income and Personal Disposable Income.
(ii) Measurement of National Income-Value Added Method, Income Method and Expenditure
Method.
Money and Banking:
(i) Money- Meaning, Evolution and Functions. Supply of money Currency held by the public
and net demand deposits held by commercial banks. Money creation by the commercial
banking system.
(ii) Central Bank- Meaning and Functions
(iii) Commercial Banks- Meaning and Functions
(iv) Recent Significant Reforms and Issue in Indian Banking System, Privatization and
Modernization.
Government budget and Economy:
(i) Government Budget- Meaning and its Components, Objectives of Government Budget.
(ii) Classification of Receipts- Revenue and Capital
(iii) Classification of Expenditure-Revenue and Capital, Plan and Non-Plan and Developmental
and Non-Developmental.
(iv) Balanced Budget-Surplus Budget and Deficit Budget; Meaning and Implications.
(v) Revenue Deficit, Fiscal Deficit and Primary Deficit; Meaning and Implications; Measures to
correct different Deficits. Fiscal Policy and its role
28

Balance of Trade and Balance of payments:
(i) Foreign Exchange Rate- Meaning (Flexible and Fixed and managed floating ) Merits and
Demerits, Determination in a free market.
(ii) Balance of Payment Accounts-Meaning and Components,
A Brief Analysis about recent Exchange Rate issues.





COMPUTER SCIENCE AND APPLICATION
1. Computer Fundamentals:
History of Computers, Block diagram of computer & detailed significance of each part, Number
Systems, I/O devices: Keyboard, Hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD, Plotters, Scanners, mouse, Printers,
VDU. Primary & Secondary memories.
Introduction to Operating Systems & its functions. Definition of Simple batch processing,
multiprogramming, multiprocessing, real-time, time-sharing systems, Concept of Spooling,
Applications of IT, MSOffice: Word, excel, Power point, Access etc.
2. Computer Arithmetic:-
Boolean Algebra: Introduction to Boolean Algebra, Truth Tables, The Principle of Duality,
Theorems of Boolean Algebra, Idempotent law, Commutative law, Associative law, Distributive
law, Absorption law, Demorgan's law and its applications, Boolean Functions, Karnaugh Map.
Logic Gates- And Gate, OR Gate, NOT Gate, NAND Gate, NOR Gate. Converting Expressions to
Logic Circuits, The Universal NAND Gate, The Universal NOR Gate,
Exclusive Or and Equivalence Functions Design combination circuits, Design of Half Adder,
Design of Full Adder, Encoder Decoder.
3. Computer Graphics:
Video Display Devices Refresh cathode -ray tube, raster scan displays, random scan displays,
color CRT-monitors, direct view storage tube, flat-panel displays; 3-D viewing devices, raster
scan systems, random scan systems, graphics monitors and workstations.
4. Digital Circuit & Logic Gates:
Introduction: Overview of number system and codes. Elements and functions of digital Logic
gates, Gate propagation delay time, logic gate applications.
Boolean operations, Combinational logical circuits: design of Binary Adder-Serial, Parallel, Carry
look ahead type. Sequential logic circuits: Flip flop: Counters: Design of asynchronous and
29

synchronous, up down and programmable counters. Registers: shift registers, various types and
their applications. Detection and correction codes, detecting and correcting an error.
5. Computer System Architecture:
Computer Organization & Design: Instruction codes, op-codes, Computer Registers, Computer
Instructions, Timing and Control, Instruction Cycle, Memory reference instructions, CPU: Stack
Organization, Instruction format, Addressing Formats. Transfer of Information among I/O
devices, CPU, Memory and I/O ports.
Memory System: Storage technologies, Memory hierarchy, Memory mapping, Main memory
and Auxiliary memory, Associative and Cache memory introductory study of 8-bit
Microprocessor.
6. Computer Networks:
Data communications concepts: Digital and analog parallel and serial synchronous and
Asynchronous, simplex, half duplex, full duplex, multiplexing.
Communication channels: Wired transmissions: Telephone lines, leased lines, switch line,
coaxial cables-base band, broadband, optical fiber transmission.
Wireless transmission: Microwave transmission, infrared transmission, laser Transmission, radio
transmission, and satellite transmission. Communication switching techniques; Circuit
switching, message switching, packet Switching
Network reference models; Network topologies, OSI references model, TCP/IP Reference
model, comparison of OSI and TCI reference model.
Data link layer design issue: Services provided to the network layer, framing, error control, flow
control HDLC, SDLC, data link layer in the internet (SLIP, PPP). MAC sub layer: CSMA/CD, IEEE
standards, FDM, TDM, CDMA. The Network
Layer: Design Issues, Routing Algorithms: Optimality principled, shortest path routing, Concept
of Internet Working.

7. Data Structures:
Introduction to Data Structure: Basic concept of data, Problem analysis , algorithm complexity,
Big O notation and time space trade off.
Stacks & Queues: Basics of stacks and queues, Recursion, Polish notation, circular Queues,
priority Queues.
Linked Lists: Single linked list, circular linked list, doubly linked list and dynamic storage
management, generalized list, Garbage Collection.
Trees: Definition & Concepts, Basic trees, Binary tree representations, threaded storage
representation, binary tree traversals, and application of trees.
Searching and sorting: use of various data structures for searching and sorting, linear and binary
search, insertion sort, selection sort, merge sort, bubble sort, quick sort, Heap sort.

30

8. Programming in C Language and Oops Concepts:
Introduction, Features of C language, Character Set, Structure of a C Program: Header Files,
Preprocessor statement, directives, Global. Declaration (main(), Braces, Declaration,
Statements), Compiling and execution of C program. Use of Editor. Function: Built in Function,
user defined Function. Formatted I/O function [ scanf() & printf() function]
Starting with C programming: Installing Turbo C, Compiling the program and executing the
program. Constant, Varibales & DataTypes, Tokens, Operators and Expression.
Control Flow: Introduction: Branching, Looping, Jumping
Arrays: Introduction, Declaring and initialization of array: Initializing arrays, Two dimensional
array, Multidimensional Arrays. String, Structure & Union, Pointer, Functions.
C++ Programming: Oop Concepts, Classes, Objects, Initialization, Inheritance,
Polymorphism, Constructer, Destructors, Exception handling.

9. Java Scripting:
Introduction: Internet Architecture board, understanding the internet. Concept: Working,
Surfing and security on the internet. Internet protocols Internet addressing, internet routing
protocols internet message protocol, internet group management protocols, internet mail
protocol.
Internet applications: E-mail, multi cost backbone, net news. Web: World Wide Web
advantages of web, web terminology, web access using web browser, locating information on
the web.
Introduction to Java: Applets, different b/w Java & C++, working with Java objects:
Encapsulation, inheritance & polymorphism, constructors. Garbage collection & finalizes, data
types, modifies & expressions, array & flow control statements.
Exception handling threads, event handling, network programming & Java virtual machines,
Java & databases.
10. Visual Basic:
Mastering the IDE, working with forms, selecting and using controls, object programming with
VB, adding Scripting & Scripting objects.
11. Operating System:
Introduction to Operating System, its need and Operating System services; Operating System
classification -single user, multi-user, simple batch processing, Multiprogramming, Multitasking,
Parallel system, Distributed system, Real time system. Process Management: Process Concept,
Process scheduling, Overview of Inter-Process communication,
Deadlocks: Deadlock Characteristics, Prevention, Avoidance, Detection and Recovery, critical
section, synchronization hardware, semaphores, combined approach to deadlock handling.
12. System Software:
31

Introduction to software processors; elements of assembly language programming; assembly
scheme, single pass and two pass assembler; general design procedure of a two pass assembler.
13. Data Base Management System:
An overview of the DBMS: Concept of database system, Database Administrator and his
responsibilities. Physical and Logical data independence.
Three level Architecture of database system: the external level, conceptual level and the
internal level.
Introduction to Data Models: Entity Relationship Model, Hierarchical, Network and Relational
Model. Comparison of Network, Hierarchical and Relational Model.
Relational data model: Relational database, SQL ,SQL normalization.
Database protection: Recovery, concurrency, security, integrity and control.
Distribute database: Structure of distributed database, design of distributed databases.


14. Software Engineering:
Software: Characteristics, Components, Applications, Software Process Models: Waterfall,
Spiral, Prototyping, Fourth Generation Techniques, Concepts of Project. Management, Role of
Metrics & Measurements. S/W Project Planning: Objectives,
Decomposition techniques: S/W Sizing, Problem- based estimation, Process based estimation,
Cost Estimation Models: COCOMO Model, The S/W Equation,
System Analysis: Principles of Structured Analysis, Requirement analysis, DFD, Entity
Relationship diagram, Data dictionary.
S/W Design: Objectives, Principles, Concepts, Design methodologies: Data design, Architectural
design, procedural design, Object -oriented concepts
Testing fundamentals: Objectives, principles, testability, Test cases: White box & Black box
testing,
Testing strategies: verification & validation, unit test, integration testing, validation testing,
system testing.
15. Operation Research:
Origin & development of O.R., Nature & Characteristics features of O.R., Models & Modeling in
Operation Research. Methodology of O.R., General methods for solving O.R. Models, O.R. &
Decision making, Application, Use & Limitations of O.R.
16. Artificial Intelligence:
Introduction to AI: Definitions, AI problems, the underlying assumption, and AI Techniques,
Level of Model. Problems, Problem Space and Search: defining the problem as a state space
search, Production System, Problem Characteristics.

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32









PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Part-A
Concept of Physical Education
1. Meaning and definition of of Physical Education, its aim and objectives
2. Need and importance of Physical Education
3. Misconceptions about Physical Education & its relevance in inter Disciplinary Context
Physiological aspects of physical education
1. Warning up General & Specific & Its physiological basis
2. Effects of exercise on Muscular & Digestive Systems
3. Effects of exercise on Respiratory & Circulatory Systems
Yoga
1. Meaning & importance of yoga
2. Yoga as an Indian heritage
3. Elements of yoga in sports
Nutrition
1. Balanced diet carbohydrates, fats , proteins, vitamin & water
Personal hygiene
I. meaning of personal hygiene
33

II. importance of personal hygiene
III. care of eyes ,ears, nose, skin, hands, teeth& hair
IV. role of exercise , rest, sleep, & relaxation maintaining health
Sports injuries
I. common sports injuries sprain, strain, superficial injuries, muscle pull
II. causes & prevention of sports injuries
First Aid
I. introduction & meaning of first aid
II. principles of first aid
III. qualities of first aider
IV. emergency care of drowning, burns , dislocation, fracture and electric shock

Psychological Foundation
1. understanding the nature of learning, cognitive learning, perception applied
practice, critical and creative thinking
2. understanding the psychomotor learning-learning physical skill , motor learning
principles law of learning and its applications to situations of playground
3. understanding affective learning attitude ,appreciation, values
4. understanding motivational techniques-extrinsic and intrinsic motivation,
enhancing learning experience, classroom managements fitness level , environment,
public relations
5. personality ,body concept and physical activities
6. motivation and psycho-metric approach in coaching
7. physical activities and psychological development handicapped
8. reflexes and conditioned reflexes
Sociological Foundation
1. Social nature and learning of man, social change, social value, social groups
2. Sociological aspects of physical education
3. Social institutions and their influence
4. National integration through physical education
5. Leadership and physical education
6. Social recognition and physical education
7. Influence of the group on individual and vise versa
34

8. Competition and co-operation
9. Socioeconomic status & physical education
Historical Foundation
1. Physical education in Ancient and modern india
2. Physical education in ancient Greece
3. Physical education in ancient Rome
4. Physical education in Sparta and Athens
5. Physical education in RSSR
6. Physical education in Europe
Germany, Spain, France, Great Britain, Sweden, Denmark
7. Physical education in China and Japan
8. Impact of contribution of Ancient physical education on modern physical education
9. Early beginning and first civilizations
Major Sports Events
1. Olympics Games, winter Olympics, para Olympics
2. Asian Games
3. SAF Games
4. Common Wealth Games
5. World Athletics meet and indoor Athletics Meet
6. World cup Tournament
Health Education
1. Meaning and definition of health education
2. Meaning and concept of health
3. Factors influencing-Health Exercise, diet, climate, age, surrounding , occupation and
heredity
4. Guiding principles of Health and Health Education
School Health Programme
1. School Hygiene school Building ventilation and light ,seating arrangement , water
supply facilities and play grounds
2. School health programme health instruction ,health supervision, health services and
medical examination of students
Officiating and coaching
35

1. Need and scope of officiating in physical education
a) Importance and principles in officiating
2. Relation of officials with players and coaches.
a) effect of spectator on officials
b) Qualities and duties of officials
3. before during and after in different games and Athletics

Recreation
1. recreation : Definition ,its importance, characteristics and misconception
2. importance of recreation
3. leadership of recreation: meaning and objectives of recreation leadership
-Types and functions of recreation leaders
-Qualifications, Qualities and professional traning

PART- B
Following sub topics relate to any one Game/Sports of choice of student out of these
disciplines: Badminton, Handball, Hockey, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Skating, Swimming & Teakwondo,
Athletics, Cricket, Football, Judo, Table Tennis, Tennis & Volleyball
1. history of the Game/Sports
2. latest general rules of the Game/Sports
3. measurement of play fields and specifications of related sports equipments
4. important tournaments and venues
5. fundamental skills of the Game/Sports
6. sports awards







36







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