NEET Syllabus PDF - Biology

Complete NEET Biology Syllabus – Class 11 and Class 12

Biology syllabus for Class 11th Biology syllabus for Class 12th

1. Diversity in Living World 1. Reproduction

2. Structural Organisation in Animals and 2. Genetics and Evolution

Plants

3. Cell Structure and Function 3. Biology and Human Welfare

4. Plant Physiology 4. Biotechnology and Its Applications

5. Human physiology 5. Ecology and environment

NEET Biology Syllabus

Class 11 Detailed NEET syllabus for Biology

NEET Biology Syllabus Class 11 (Botany and Zoology)

Unit I – Diversity in Living World

Unit II – Structural Organization in Plants and Animals

Unit III – Cell Structure and Function

Unit IV – Plant Physiology

Unit V – Human Physiology

Unit 1 – Diversity in • What is living? ; Biodiversity; Need for classification; Three domains of life;
Living World Taxonomy & Systematics; Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy;
Binomial nomenclature; Tools for study of Taxonomy — Museums, Zoos,
Herbaria, Botanical gardens.

• Five kingdom classification; salient features and classification of Monera;

Protista and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids.

• Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae,

Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (three to five
salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each
category); Angiosperms- classification up to class, characteristic features
and examples).

• Salient features and classification of animals-nonchordate up to phyla level

and chordate up to classes level (three to five salient features and at least
two examples).
UNIT 2: Structural Morphology and modifications; Tissues; Anatomy and functions of different
Organisation in parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf, inflorescence- cymose and
Animals and Plants racemose, flower, fruit and seed (To be dealt along with the relevant
practical of the Practical Syllabus).

• Animal tissues; Morphology, anatomy and functions of different systems

(digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect
(cockroach). (Brief account only)

Unit 3 – Cell • Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life; Structure of prokaryotic and
Structure and eukaryotic cell; Plant cell and animal cell; Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell
Function wall; Cell organelles-structure and function; Endomembrane system-
endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles; mitochondria,
ribosomes, plastids, microbodies; Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles
(ultrastructure and function); Nucleus-nuclear membrane, chromatin,
nucleolus.

• Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules-structure and function of

proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids; Enzymes-types, properties,
enzyme action.

• B Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance.

Unit 4 – Plant • Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients; Cell to cell
Physiology transport-Diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport; Plant — water
relations — imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance
transport of water— Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root
pressure and guttation; Transpiration-Opening and closing of stomata;
Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients-Transport of food, phloem
transport, Mass flow hypothesis; Diffusion of gases (brief mention).

• Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their

role; Deficiency symptoms; Mineral toxicity; Elementary idea of Hydroponics
as a method to study mineral nutrition; Nitrogen metabolism-Nitrogen cycle,
biological nitrogen fixation.

• Photosynthesis: Photosynthesis as a means of Autotrophic nutrition; Site of

photosynthesis take place; pigments involved in Photosynthesis (Elementary
idea); Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis; Cyclic and
non-cyclic and photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic hypothesis;
Photorespiration C3 and C4 pathways; Factors affecting photosynthesis.

• Respiration: Exchange gases; Cellular respiration-glycolysis,

fermentation(anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic);
 Energy relations-Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic
pathways; Respiratory quotient.

• Plant growth and development: Seed germination; Phases of Plant growth

and plant growth rate; Conditions of growth; Differentiation, dedifferentiation
and Redifferentiation; Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell;
Growth

Regulators-auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA; Seed dormancy;

Vernalisation; Photoperiodism.

Unit 5 – Human • Digestion and absorption; Alimentary canal and digestive glands; Role of
Physiology digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion,
absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Caloric
value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats; Egestion; Nutritional and digestive
disorders — PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea.

• Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals (recall only);

Respiratory system in humans; Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in
humans-Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration
Respiratory volumes; Disorders related to respiration-Asthma, Emphysema,
Occupational respiratory disorders.

• Body fluids and circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups,

coagulation of blood; Composition of lymph and its function; Human
circulatory system-Structure of human heart and blood vessels; Cardiac
cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation; Regulation of cardiac activity;
Disorders of circulatory system- Hypertension, Coronary artery disease,
Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

• Excretory products and their elimination: Modes of excretion-

Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism; Human excretory system-structure
and function; Urine formation, Osmoregulation; Regulation of kidney
function-Renin-angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes
insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal
failure, renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney.

• Locomotion and Movement: Types of movement- ciliary, flagella, muscular;

Skeletal muscle- contractile proteins and muscle contraction; Skeletal
system and its functions (To be dealt with the relevant practical of Practical
syllabus); Joints; Disorders of muscular and skeletal system-Myasthenia
Gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout
 • Neural control and coordination: Neuron and nerves; Nervous system in
humans- central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral
nervous system;

Generation and conduction of nerve impulse; Reflex action; Sense organs;

Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.

• Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones;

Human endocrine system-Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid,
Parathyroid, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads; Mechanism of hormone action
(Elementary Idea); Role of hormones as messengers and regulators. Hypo-
and hyperactivity and related disorders (Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism,
Acromegaly, Cretinism, goitre, exophthalmic goitre, diabetes, Addison’s
disease).

(Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt with in brief.)

Class 12 Detailed NEET syllabus for Biology

NEET Biology Syllabus Class 12 (Botany and Zoology)

Unit I – Reproduction

Unit II – Genetics and Evolution

Unit III – Biology and Human Welfare

Unit IV – Biotechnology and its Applications

Unit V – Ecology and Environment

UNIT I: • Reproduction in organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of
Reproduction all organisms for continuation of species; Modes of reproduction — Asexual
and sexual; Asexual reproduction; Modes-Binary fission, sporulation,
budding, gemmule, fragmentation; vegetative propagation in plants.

• Sexual reproduction in flowering plants: Flower structure;

Development of male and female gametophytes; Pollination-types, agencies
and examples; Outbreeding devices; Pollen-Pistil interaction; Double
fertilization; Post fertilization events-Development of endosperm and
embryo, Development of seed and formation of fruit; Special modes-
apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony; Significance of seed and fruit
formation.

• Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems;

Microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary; Gametogenesis-spermatogenesis
& oogenesis; Menstrual cycle; Fertilisation, embryo development upto
blastocyst formation, implantation; Pregnancy and placenta formation
(Elementary idea); Parturition (Elementary idea); Lactation (Elementary
idea).

• Reproductive health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of

sexually transmitted diseases (STD); Birth control-Need and Methods,
Contraception and Medical Termination of Pregnancy (MTP);
Amniocentesis; Infertility and assisted reproductive technologies — IVF,
ZIFT, GIFT (Elementary idea for general awareness)
UNIT II: Genetics • Heredity and variation: Mendelian Inheritance; Deviations from
and Evolution Mendelism- Incomplete dominance, Co-dominance, Multiple alleles and
Inheritance of blood groups, Pleiotropy; Elementary idea of polygenic
inheritance; Chromosome theory of inheritance; Chromosomes and genes;
Sex determination-In humans, birds, honey bee; Linkage and crossing over;
Sex-linked inheritance-Haemophilia, Colour blindness; Mendelian disorders
in humans-Thalassemia; Chromosomal disorders in humans; Down’s
syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

• Molecular basis of Inheritance: Search for genetic material and DNA

as genetic material; Structure of DNA and RNA; DNA packaging; DNA
replication; Central dogma; Transcription, genetic code, translation; Gene
expression and regulation-Lac Operon; Genome and human genome
project; DNA fingerprinting.

• Evolution: Origin of life; Biological evolution and evidences for

biological evolution from Paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology
and molecular evidence); Darwin’s contribution, Modern Synthetic Theory of
Evolution; Mechanism of evolution-Variation (Mutation and Recombination)
and Natural Selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow
and genetic drift; Hardy-Weinberg’s principle; Adaptive Radiation; Human
evolution.

UNIT III: Biology Health and Disease; Pathogens; parasites causing human diseases
and Human Welfare (Malaria, Filariasis, Ascariasis. Typhoid, Pneumonia, common cold,
amoebiasis, ring worm); Basic concepts of immunology-vaccines; Cancer,
HIV and AIDS; Adolescence, drug and alcohol abuse.

Improvement in food production; Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell

protein, Biofortification; Apiculture and Animal husbandry.

Microbes in human welfare: In household food processing, industrial

production, sewage treatment, energy generation and as biocontrol agents
and biofertilizers.

UNIT IV: Principles and process of Biotechnology: Genetic engineering (Recombinant

Biotechnology and DNA technology).
Its Applications
Application of Biotechnology in health and agriculture: Human insulin and
vaccine production, gene therapy; Genetically modified organisms-Bt crops;
Transgenic Animals; Biosafety issues-Biopiracy and patents.
UNIT V: Ecology Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche; Population and ecological
and environment adaptations; Population interactions-mutualism, competition, predation,
parasitism; Population attributes-growth, birth rate and death rate, age
distribution.

Ecosystem: Patterns, components; productivity and decomposition; Energy

flow; Pyramids of number, biomass, energy; Nutrient cycling (carbon and
phosphorous); Ecological succession; Ecological Services-Carbon fixation,
pollination, oxygen release.

Biodiversity and its conservation: Concept of Biodiversity; Patterns of

Biodiversity; Importance of Biodiversity; Loss of Biodiversity; Biodiversity
conservation; Hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book,
biosphere reserves, National parks and sanctuaries.

Environmental issues: Air pollution and its control; Water pollution and its
control; Agrochemicals and their effects; Solid waste management;
Radioactive waste management; Greenhouse effect and global warming;
Ozone depletion; Deforestation; Any three case studies as success stories
addressing environmental issues.