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St Gregory of Nyssa and the Scriptures


been noted that, of all the Old Testament books, the one more often
treated than any other by patristic exegetes is the Book of Psalms.
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But
whereas most of the Fathers studied the psalms themselves, Gregorys
unique contribution is to focus entirely on the actual titles or inscriptions
of the psalms. In doing so, and in the work itself, he shows himself to be a
meticulous exegete who was able to recognise that every part of Scripture
has something to offer for our spiritual enrichment.
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There had been previous attempts to explore the signifcance of
the titles beyond the nave reading of them as a chronology of the life
of King David. About half the 150 psalms are attributed to David, and
several refer to specifc incidents in his life. Eusebius noted the connection
between successive psalms but he did not treat the Book of Psalms as a
whole. Likewise, Athanasius had identifed spiritual pointers in some of
the titles.
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But what Gregory set out to do was to explore the theological
essence of the whole Book by a detailed and systematic study of the
titles, including the signifcance of their absence in Psalms 2, 8 and 9. In
summary, he develops the idea that the fve books of the Psalms refect the
fve steps on the ladder to perfection (ch. 1-9), and the purpose of the titles
is to lead the reader to this spiritual state (ch. 10-25). The end result was a
unique contribution described by one scholar in the following summary.
The exegetical contribution of the Bishop of Nyssa is decisive here
because it presents, in a consistent and methodological way, the spiritual
dimensions of the Old Testament Psalms [...]. His is an exegesis that focuses
on the spiritual reality, but history, time and nature constitute a constant
background. Here we encounter the combination of breathtaking vistas of
spirituality and of sober views of human history, of astonishing attention to
the details and of absorbing preoccupation with the grand scale theological
themes. It is this combination of microexegesis and macroexegesis, of
historical reality and spiritual vision that make the book On the Inscriptions
of the Psalms a truly fascinating volume for biblical exegesis.
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Homilies on the New Testament: the Lords Prayer and the Beatitudes
While Gregorys writings on passages from the New Testament are
very few, and commonly regarded as minor, they deserve at least brief

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