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    7178 Pi

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    Agar, Bacteriological is a solidifying agent used to prepare microbiological culture media. It is derived from red algae and was adopted as the standard gelling agent in culture media in the early 1900s due to its ability to remain solid at growth temperatures. It specifications require clarity, controlled gelation and melting temperatures, good diffusion properties, and absence of toxins. It is commonly used at concentrations between 1-2% to solidify media and in lower amounts for motility and microaerophilic studies.

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    7178 Pi

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    Christine Destyara
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    Agar, Bacteriological is a solidifying agent used to prepare microbiological culture media. It is derived from red algae and was adopted as the standard gelling agent in culture media in the early 1900s due to its ability to remain solid at growth temperatures. It specifications require clarity, controlled gelation and melting temperatures, good diffusion properties, and absence of toxins. It is commonly used at concentrations between 1-2% to solidify media and in lower amounts for motility and microaerophilic studies.

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    Agar, Bacteriological is a solidifying agent used to prepare microbiological culture media. It is derived from red algae and was adopted as the standard gelling agent in culture media in the early 1900s due to its ability to remain solid at growth temperatures. It specifications require clarity, controlled gelation and melting temperatures, good diffusion properties, and absence of toxins. It is commonly used at concentrations between 1-2% to solidify media and in lower amounts for motility and microaerophilic studies.

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    50 views3 pages

    7178 Pi

    Uploaded by

    Christine Destyara
    Agar, Bacteriological is a solidifying agent used to prepare microbiological culture media. It is derived from red algae and was adopted as the standard gelling agent in culture media in the early 1900s due to its ability to remain solid at growth temperatures. It specifications require clarity, controlled gelation and melting temperatures, good diffusion properties, and absence of toxins. It is commonly used at concentrations between 1-2% to solidify media and in lower amounts for motility and microaerophilic studies.

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    PI 7178, Rev 4, March 2012

    AGAR, BACTERIOLOGICAL (7178)



    Intended Use
    Agar, Bacteriological is a solidifying agent for use in preparing microbiological culture media. Agar,
    Bacteriological conforms with the testing specified in the USP/EP Pharmacopeia.
    1,2


    Product Summary and Explanation
    Agar is a phycocolloid extracted from a group of red-purple algae, usually Gelidium spp. Agar was first
    suggested for microbiological purposes in 1881 by Fannie Hesse.
    3,4
    By the early 1900s, agar became the
    gelling agent of choice over gelatin because agar remains firm at growth temperature for many pathogens
    and agar is generally resistant to a breakdown by bacterial enzymes. The use of agar in microbiological
    media significantly contributed to the advance of microbiology, paving the way to study pure cultures.

    Agar is a gel at room temperature, remaining firm at temperatures as high as 65C.
    5
    Agar melts at
    approximately 85 - 91C, a different temperature from solidification at 34 - 36C. This property is known as
    hysteresis. Agar is generally resistant to shear forces; however, different agar may have different gel
    strengths or degrees of stiffness.

    Specifications for Agar, Bacteriological include good clarity, controlled gelation temperature, controlled
    melting temperature, good diffusion characteristics, absence of toxic bacterial inhibitors, and relative absence
    metabolically useful minerals and compounds. Agar, Bacteriological is recommended for clinical applications,
    auxotrophic studies, bacterial and yeast transformation studies, and bacterial molecular genetics
    applications.
    6,7

    Principles of the Procedure
    Agar is typically used in a final concentration of 1 - 2% for solidifying culture media. Smaller quantities (0.05 -
    0.5%) are used in media for motility studies (0.5% w/v), growth of anaerobes (0.1%), and microaerophiles.
    5


    Precaution
    1. For Laboratory Use.

    Quality Control Specifications
    Dehydrated Appearance: Powder is homogeneous, free-flowing and creamy-white to beige.

    Specification:
    CAS #: 9002-18-0
    Water Absorption
    < 75 mL
    Loss on Drying: 10% Maximum
    Ash: 3.5%
    Acid Insoluble Ashes: < 0.5%
    Gelatin Passes test
    Starch Passes test
    Foreign Organic Matter < 1.0%
    Foreign Inorganic Matter < 1.0%





    PI 7178, Rev 4, March 2012
    PI 7178, Rev 4, DRAFT


    Prepared Appearance (1.5% wt/vol): Prepared medium is colorless to light yellow and slightly hazy to hazy.

    pH:
    6.0 7.5
    Gel Point (1.5%)
    34 - 36C
    Melting Point: 85 95C
    Gel Strength: Record Value

    Expected Culture Response: Cultural response in Peptone Agar after incubation at 35 2C and examined
    for growth after 18 24 hours incubation.

    Microorganism
    Approx. Inoculum
    (CFU)
    Expected Growth
    Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 10 - 300 Good to excellent growth
    Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 10 - 300 Fair to good growth
    Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 10 - 300 Poor to fair growth

    Toxicity Test:
    A test was performed on Tryptic Soy Agar using Neisseia meninigitidis as the indicator strain.

    Specification Expected Results
    Toxicity Test Non-Toxic

    Test Procedure
    Refer to appropriate references for specific procedures using Agar, Bacteriological.


    Results
    Refer to appropriate references for test results.

    Storage
    Store sealed medium containing Agar, Bacteriological at 2 - 30C. Once opened and recapped, place
    container in a low humidity environment at the same storage temperature. Protect from moisture and light by
    keeping container tightly closed.

    Expiration
    Refer to expiration date stamped on container. Agar, Bacteriological should be discarded if not free flowing,
    or if the appearance has changed from the original color. Expiry applies to Agar, Bacteriological in its intact
    container when stored as directed.

    Packaging
    Agar, Bacteriological Code No. 7178A 500 g
    7178B 2 kg
    7178C 10 kg

    References
    1. United States Pharmacopeial Convention. 2007. The United States pharmacopeia, 31
    st
    ed., Amended Chapters 61, 62, 111. The
    United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Rockville, MD.
    2. Directorate for the Quality of Medicines of the Council of Europe (EDQM). 2007. The European Pharmacopoeia, Amended
    Chapters 2.6.12, 2.6.13, 5.1.4, Council of Europe, 67075 Strasbourg Cedex, France.
    3. Hesse, W. 1894. Uber die quantitative Bestimmung der in der Luft enthaltenen Mikroorganismen. Mit. a.d. Kaiserl. Gesh. Berlin. 2:
    182-207.

    PI 7178, Rev 4, March 2012

    4. Hitchens, A. P., and M. C. Leiking. 1939. The introduction of agar-agar into bacteriology. J. Bacteriol. 37:485-493.
    5. Selby, H. H., and T. A. Selby. 1959. Agar. In Whister (ed.). Industrial gums, Academic Press Inc., New York, N. Y.
    6. Sambrook, J., E. F. Fritsch, and T. Maniatis. 1989. Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual, 2nd ed. Cold Spring Harbor
    Laboratory Press, New York, N. Y.
    7. Schiestl, R. H., and R. Daniel Geitz. 1989. High efficiency transformation of intact yeast cells using single-stranded nucleic acids
    as a carrier. Current Genetics. 16:339-346.

    Technical Information
    Contact Acumedia Manufacturers, Inc. for Technical Service or questions involving dehydrated culture media preparation or
    performance at (517)372-9200 or fax us at (517)372-2006.

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