SHRI DHARMASTHALA MANJUNATHESHWARA COLLEGE

OF BUSINESS MANAGEMENT POST GRADUATE CENTRE

FOR MANAGEMENT STUDIES AND RESEARCH

CYBER CRIME
Submitted By:

Group 6
Shetty Sharada Disha Khandige Muralidhar Baliga
Jawahar D’souza Lohith Lakshmikanth

Guide :
Dr Vidyavathi
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Types of cyber crime
3.Existing Laws
4.Drawbacks
5.Suggestions
6.Conclusion
1. INTRODUCTION

Information Technology solutions have paved a way to a new world of internet,

business networking and e-banking, budding as a solution to reduce costs, change
the sophisticated economic affairs to more easier, speedy, efficient, and time
saving method of transactions. Internet has emerged as a blessing for the present
pace of life but at the same time also resulted in various threats to the consumers
and other institutions for which it’s proved to be most beneficial. Various criminals
like hackers, crackers have been able to pave their way to interfere with the
internet accounts through various techniques like hacking the Domain Name
Server (DNS), Internet Provider’s (IP) address, spoofing, phishing, internet
phishing etc. and have been successful in gaining “unauthorized access” to the
user’s computer system and stolen useful data to gain huge profits from customer’s
accounts

Intentional use of information technology by cyber terrorists for producing

destructive and harmful effects to tangible and intangible property of others is
called “cyber crime”. Cyber crime is clearly an international problem with no
national boundaries. Hacking attacks can be launched from any corner of the world
without any fear of being traced or prosecuted easily. Cyber terrorist can collapse
the economic structure of a country from a place where that country might not
have any arrangements like “extradition treaty” to deal with that criminal. The only
safeguard would be better technology to combat such technology already evolved
and known to the Hackers. But that still has threat of being taken over by the
intellect computer criminals.
Though there are many techniques evolved to curb the criminal activities by cyber
terrorists but still the problem persists in legal structure and has failed to produce a
deterring effect on the criminals. If the suggestions are undertaken in light of
conclusion there can be a better co-ordination among various national and
international agencies to make the system more efficient, and Information
Technology Act 2000 more secured and trustworthy. It can still be held good for
the objects it had existed to provide the benefits to the society.
What is CYBER CRIME ?

A simple yet sturdy definition of cyber crime would be “unlawful acts wherein the
computer is either a tool or a target or both”. Defining cyber crimes, as “acts that
are punishable by the information Technology Act” would be unsuitable as the
Indian Penal Code also covers many cyber crimes, such as e-mail spoofing, cyber
defamation etc.

Cyber Crime can be classified broadly into 3 categories:

1. Cyber crimes against persons.

2. Cyber crimes against property.
3. Cyber crimes against government.

1. Cyber Crime against Persons

• Transmission of child-pornography
• Trafficking, distribution, posting, and dissemination of obscene material via
internet
• Virus Transmission
• Cyber Harassment
2. Cyber Crime against Property
• Computer vandalism
• Transmission of harmful program
• Destruction of other’s property through internet

3. Cyber Crime against Government

• Threaten the international governments
• Terrorize the citizen
• Growth of Global Terrorism
• Cracking on Defense & government sites
• Intra-bank transfer of funds for terrorist activities
Who are Cyber Criminals?

The cyber criminals constitute of various groups/ category. This division may be
justified on the basis of the object that they have in their mind. The following are
the category of cyber criminals-

1. Children and adolescents between the age group of 6 – 18 years

The simple reason for this type of delinquent behaviour pattern in children is seen
mostly due to the inquisitiveness to know and explore the things. Other cognate
reason may be to prove themselves to be outstanding amongst other children in
their group. Further the reasons may be psychological even. E.g. the Bal Bharati
(Delhi) case was the outcome of harassment of the delinquent by his friends.

2. Organised hackers

These kinds of hackers are mostly organised together to fulfil certain objective.
The reason may be to fulfil their political bias, fundamentalism, etc. The Pakistanis
are said to be one of the best quality hackers in the world. They mainly target the
Indian government sites with the purpose to fulfil their political objectives. Further
the NASA as well as the Microsoft sites is always under attack by the hackers.
3. Professional hackers / crackers

Their work is motivated by the colour of money. These kinds of hackers are mostly
employed to hack the site of the rivals and get credible, reliable and valuable
information. Further they are ven employed to crack the system of the employer
basically as a measure to make it safer by detecting the loopholes.

4. Discontented employees

This group include those people who have been either sacked by their employer or
are dissatisfied with their employer. To avenge they normally hack the system of
their employee.
2. Types of cyber crime

1) HACKING
Hacking in simple terms means illegal intrusion into a computer system without
the permission of the computer owner/user.

2)DENIAL OF SERVICE ATTACK

This is an act by the criminal, who floods the bandwidth of the victim’s network or
fills his e-mail box with spam mail depriving him of the services he is entitled to
access or provide

3)VIRUS DISSEMINATION
Malicious software that attaches itself to other software.
(virus, worms, Trojan Horse, Time bomb, Logic Bomb, Rabbit and Bacterium are
the malicious softwares)

4)SOFTWARE PIRACY
• Theft of software through the illegal copying of genuine programs or the
counterfeiting and distribution of products intended to pass for the original..
• Retail revenue losses worldwide are ever increasing due to this crime
• Can be done in various ways- End user copying, Hard disk loading,
Counterfeiting, Illegal downloads from the internet etc..
5) IRC CRIME
Internet Relay Chat (IRC) servers have chat rooms in which people from anywhere
the world can come together and chat with each other
• Criminals use it for meeting coconspirators.
• Hackers use it for discussing their exploits / sharing the techniques
• Cyber Stalking - In order to harass a woman
her telephone number is given to others as if she wants to befriend males

6) CREDIT CARD FRAUD

You simply have to type credit card number into www page off the vendor for
online transaction If electronic transactions are not secured the credit card numbers
can be stolen by the hackers who can misuse this card by impersonating the credit
card owner

7) NET EXTORTION
Copying the company’s confidential data in order to extort said company for huge
amount.

8) PHISHING
It is technique of pulling out confidential information from the bank/financial
institutional account holders by deceptive means
9) Spoofing
Getting one computer on a network to pretend to have the identity off another
computer, usually one with special access privileges, so as to obtain access to the
other computers on the network.

10) CYBER STALKING

The Criminal follows the victim by sending emails, entering the chat rooms
frequently.

11) CYBER DEFAMATION

The Criminal sends emails containing defamatory matters to all concerned off the
victim or post the defamatory matters on a website (disgruntled employee may do
this against boss ,ex-boys friend against girl , divorced husband against wife).

12) THREATENING
The criminal sends threatening email or comes in contact in chat rooms with
victim. (Any one disgruntled may do this against boss, friend or official)
13) SALAMI ATTACK
In such crime criminal makes insignificant changes in such a manner that such
changes would go unnoticed. Criminal makes such program that deducts small
amount like Rs. 2.50 per month from the account of all the customer of the Bank
and deposit the same in his account. In this case no account holder will approach
the bank for such small amount but criminal gains huge amount.

14) SALE OF NARCOTICS

• Salle & Purchase through net..
• There are web site which offer sale and shipment off contrabands drugs..
• They may use the techniques off stenography for hiding the messages..
3. Existing laws

Emergence Of Information Technology Act, 2000.

In India, the Information Technology Act 2000 was enacted after the United
Nation General Assembly Resolution dated the 30th January, 1997 by adopting the
Model Law on Electronic Commerce adopted by the United Nations Commission
on International Trade Law. This was the first step towards the Law relating to e-
commerce at international level to regulate an alternative form of commerce and to
give legal status in the area of e-commerce. It was enacted taking into
consideration UNICITRAL model of Law on e- commerce 1996.

Some Noteworthy Provisions under the Information Technology

Act, 2000

• Sec.43 Damage to Computer system etc.

Compensation for Rupees 1crore.
• Sec.66 Hacking (with intent or knowledge)
Fine of 2 lakh rupees, and imprisonment for 3 years.
• Sec.67 Publication of obscene material in e-form
Fine of 1 lakh rupees, and imprisonment of 5years, and double conviction on
second offence
• Sec.68 Not complying with directions of controller
Fine upto 2 lakh and imprisonment of 3 years.
• Sec.70 attempting or securing access to computer
Imprisonment upto 10 years.
• Sec.72 For breaking confidentiality of the information of computer
Fine upto 1 lakh and imprisonment upto 2 years
• Sec.73 Publishing false digital signatures, false in certain particulars
Fine of 1 lakh or imprisonment of 2 years or both.
• Sec.74 Publication of Digital Signatures for fraudulent purpose.
Imprisonment for the term of 2 years and fine for 1 lakh rupees.
4. Drawbacks

1. The hurry in which the legislation was passed, without sufficient public
debate, did not really serve the desired purpose.

2. “Cyber laws, in their very preamble and aim, state that they are targeted at
aiding e-commerce, and are not meant to regulate cybercrime”.

3. Cyber torts-The recent cases including Cyber stalking cyber harassment, cyber
nuisance, and cyber defamation have shown that the I.T.Act 2000 has not dealt
with those offences. Further it is also contended that in future new forms of
cyber crime will emerge which even need to be taken care of. Therefore India
should sign the cyber crime convention. However the I.T.Act 2000 read with
the Penal Code is capable of dealing with these felonies.

4. Ambiguity in the definitions

The definition of hacking provided in section 66 of the Act is very wide and
capable of misapplication. There is every possibility of this section being
misapplied and in fact the Delhi court has misapplied it.
5. Uniform law
The need of the hour is a worldwide uniform cyber law to combat cyber crime.
Cyber crime is a global phenomenon and therefore the initiative to fight it
should come from the same level. E.g. the author of the love bug virus was
appreciated by his countrymen.

6. Lack of awareness
One important reason that the Act of 2000 is not achieving complete success is
the lack of awareness among the s about their rights. Further most of the cases
are going unreported. If the people are vigilant about their rights the law
definitely protects their right.

7. Jurisdiction issues
Jurisdiction is also one of the debatable issues in the cases of cyber crime due
to the very universal nature of cyber space. With the ever-growing arms of
cyber space the territorial concept seems to vanish. New methods of dispute
resolution should give way to the conventional methods. The Act of 2000 is
very silent on these issues.

8. Raising a cyber army

By using the word ‘cyber army’ by no means I want to convey the idea of
virtual army, rather I am laying emphasis on the need for a well equipped task
force to deal with the new trends of hi tech crime. The government has taken a
leap in this direction by constituting cyber crime cells in all metropolitan and
other important cities.
9. Hesitation to report offences
As stated above one of the fatal drawbacks of the Act has been the cases going
unreported. One obvious reason is the non-cooperative police force. most
people in India prefer not to report cybercrimes to the law enforcement agencies
because they fear it might invite a lot of harassment

10.The law enforcement agencies in the country are not well equipped and
Knowledgeable enough about cybercrime.

11.There is a need for dedicated, continuous, updated training of the law

enforcement agencies. There is also a lack of dedicated cybercrime courts in the
country where expertise in cybercrime can be utilized. Very few cities have
cybercrime cells
5. Suggestion
• Further the establishment of the Cyber Crime Investigation Cell (CCIC) of the
Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) 11) is definitely a welcome step in this
direction. There are many cases in which the C.B.I has achieved success.
• To prevent cyber stalking avoid disclosing any information pertaining to
oneself.
• Always avoid sending any photograph online particularly to strangers and chat
friends as there have been incidents of misuse of the photographs.
• Always use latest and up to date antivirus software to guard against virus
attacks.
• Always keep back up volumes so that one may not suffer data loss in case of
virus contamination
• Never send your credit card number to any site that is not secured, to guard
against frauds.
• Parental Vigilance
• It might prove fatal if cookies are left unguarded
• Use of firewalls may be beneficial.
• Web servers running public sites must be physically separate protected from
internal corporate network.
6. Conclusion

It is quite possible to check cyber crime. History is the witness that no legislation
has succeeded in totally eliminating crime from the globe. The only possible step is
to make people aware of their rights and duties (to report crime as a collective duty
towards the society) and further making the application of the laws more stringent
to check crime. Undoubtedly the Act is a historical step in the cyber world. Further
I all together do not deny that there is a need to bring changes in the Information
Technology Act to make it more effective to combat cyber crime. We can conclude
with a word of caution for the pro-legislation school that it should be kept in mind
that the provisions of the cyber law are not made so stringent that it may retard the
growth of the industry and prove to be counter-productive.