Day1SaturdayJuly5,2014Multiculturalism

This class, Diversity and Multicultural Perspectives 471 iis taught by Dr. Kate Richmond, a
professor at Muhlenberg College. Her speciality is counseling with people who have undergone
trauma within a multicultural context. She is definitely passionate about social justice and
psychology and it makes me interested in the subject. The course is offered in the College of
Education through the Counseling Psychology department and there is a mix of school
counselors,therapists,andschooladministrators.

It was good at the start of class to introduce ourselves. I cant remember how I got on the topic,
but I did come up with my stance, so to say, on counseling. I said that the need for counseling in
schools is growing, both for parents and students. I found in my work as a principal, often there
was a counseling component to issues I was dealing with and I referred students often to
counselingorcalledintheirhelp.Astrongcounselingdepartmentmakesforahappyschool.

As the leader of an educational community, I am always on the lookout for improving my

knowledge of how I can help our stakeholders. Dr. Richmond brought up many ideas and
referencedmanyresourcesthroughoutthecourse.

She referenced the International Classification of Diseases (I.C.D.) which is a huge manual
describing all health ailments, both physical and mental produced by the World Health
Organization. Her big takeaway of how a person deals with trauma and moves on with his/her
life,dependsontheirsocialidentity.

ASKModelforMulticulturalism
Self Awareness Your world view, knowing how others view you, is critical to being a
goodatmulticulturalism
SkillsHowdoyoudealwithdifficultconversationshowyoudealwithconflict
Knowledge Political, Historical, Cultural knowledge (you need to know the history and
context)
Thisiscourseissocialjusticefocusedanditisunwrittenportionofthemodel.

In the international school business, we talk a lot about the concept of global citizenship and I
see many parallels with the concept of multiculturalism. The first tenet of being a good global
citizen is understanding where you come from, your culture, and its place in the world. Only then
canyoureachoutandunderstandothercultures.

The relationship between the counselor and patient is the most important factor in therapeutic
change.

ActivityCardGame(notalking,differentrulesforthegroups)
My take away When situations are ambiguous (most of our lives are these situations), people
will acquiesce to the person in the power. People also have to play with the hand they are dealt
with. What did my backing down, regarding the aces high versus aces low conflict, say about
me. Perhaps I didnt have much stake in winning the argument? I also did find myself being
askedtobethedealerwhyaremalesalwaysthedealer?

Samir referred to this video regarding body posture. Dr. Richmond asked the class to freeze and
look at their legs and the way there were sitting. Women were more likely to have legs crossed
and more tight body posture, while men are more open. This also is true for socio economic
status,etc.

http://www.ted.com/talks/amy_cuddy_your_body_language_shapes_who_you_are

I thought it was very interesting the question Dr. Richmond posed. How much money would you
change your race for? How much is being white worth? How much is being a male worth? I did
readaboutheightinmenandthisexcerptfromBlinkfromMalcolmGladwellisprovocative.

In the U.S. population, about 14.5 percent of all men are six feet or over. Among CEOs of
Fortune 500 companies, that number is 58 percent. Even more strikingly, in the general
American population, 3.9 percent of adult men are 62 or taller. Among my CEO
sample, 30 percent were 62 or taller. Of the tens of millions of American men below
56, a grand total of tenin my samplehave reached the level of CEO, which says that
being short is probably as much, or more, of a handicap to corporate success as being a
woman or an African-American. (The grand exception to all of these trends is American
Express CEO Kenneth Chenault, who is both on the short side (59) and black. He must
be a remarkable man to have overcome two Warren Harding Errors.)..
an inch of height is worth $789 a year in salary... full link here

LectureDiversityandMulticulturalPerspectivesKeyTerms

culturesharedelements,likegeography,language,history
essentialism the idea that you are from USA, then you represent all things USA race
isinthebody.
ethnicitycommonancestryorlineageuseddifferentlyoutsidetheUSA
minorityusedinreferencetoaccesstopower,notdemographics

race
created by European scientists in 1700s to classify people according to physical
characteristicsarrangedhierarchicallysocialconstructionJaneElliotStudy
Nointerracialmarriageuntil1967bylawonedropofAfricanbloodmeansyouareblack
youdonothavecontrolofyoursocialidentitypeoplereacttoyourphenotype
United Nations recommended the concept of ethnic group should replace race in 1979.
Raceissociallyconstructed,butitissomethingthatnaturallyhappens(essential)

Race:thePowerofanAllusionAgreatdocumentary,especiallyforhighschoolstudents.

ReadAlicesAdventuresinWonderlandinthelensofidentity

ErikErikson(1950)Themajortaskforhumansistoestablishanidentity.
teens form strong bonds because their identities are not formed yet so they latch on to
others
there has to be some sort of crisis to resolve it it is not only necessary, but good. You
needconflictandcrisisinordertomaturecrisisforcescriticalthinking
conflictcreateschangeinsystems

JamesMarcia(1991)
adolescentsmustbreakawayfromchildhoodbeliefs
Far From the Tree good book for parents whose children are so different from them,
gay,autism,etc.

Thestagesofbreakingawayfromparents/childhood
foreclosureblindlyaccepts,thisissafe
moratoriumlittlecommitment,willfollowtheleaderbutnostrongattachment
diffusionstatuscontemplatingdifferentidentities
achievementclarityandcommitment,mightbethesameastheirparents

IdentityModels(PamelaHayes)
age
developmentalandacquired
disabilities
religionandspiritualorientation
ethnicity
socioeconomicstatus
sexualorientation
indigenousheritage
nationalorigin
gender

People are more likely to identify with their minority status, they take their majority status for
granted.
Peoplearestarvingforconnectioninmodernsociety,sotheygrouptogether.

Question I am the Head of a school K12 of 300 students. We have a limited number of
counseling positions and often in small schools, they are combined with learning support. What
are the credentials or skills I should be looking for in hiring someone? I have worked with
counselors, from a variety of backgrounds, ranging from people with experience in prisons,
school counseling only, the ability and experience to deliver various
psychological/emotional/cognitive tests, to people with private practices. There seems to be a lot
of options. How also do I cover the wide range of services, sometimes needed, like university
placement counseling, personal/academic counseling, learning needs, psychological therapy,
etc.

DayTwoSundayJuly6,2014RacialIdentity

Why Are All the Black Kids Sitting Together in the Cafeteria?: And Other Conversations
AboutRacebyDr.BeverlyDanielTatum(chapters16)

Dr. Tatum is the President of Spelman College, a college for black, women in Atlanta, Georgia.
She was former Acting President of Mount Holyoke College, another college for women. She
participatedinPresidentClintonsDialogueonRacelectures.

internalized oppression the idea of members of a stereotyped group to internalize the

distortedmessagesabouttheirowngroup.

Her big point is to define racism. She defines it as the system of giving Whites an advantage
over people of color. All Whites are racist because we all gain from the system (White
Privilege), whether we realize it or not. Blacks cannot be racist because they are not taking
advantage of the system Prejudice is a person have negative feelings towards a different race,
gender, etc. or even to the point of acting on those feelings. Blacks can be prejudice. Dr.
Tatums view is that most Whites are passive racists, which means they unconsciously benefit
from the system. She uses the metaphor of the conveyor belt. Actively racist or prejudice Whites
are walking briskly with the escalator, passive racist Whites are standing on the escalator going
with the motion of the escalator. Tatum suggests that Whites should be running in the other
directiontocombatracismandchangethesystem.

She goes through the cost of racism to society. One point that resonated with me, especially
after Kates description of her teaching classes in maximum security prison, is the high cost of
warehousing human talent in prison, the economic costs of racism are real and measurable.
Kate said her classes are overwhelmingly black, and according to the statistics, over 40% of the
US prison population is black, even though blacks are only 1213% of the US population. The US
hasthehighestincarcerationrateintheworld.

MondayJuly7,2014Day3Racism
Anytime that you hear trans in front of a word, it means artificial or selfmade ex)
transdisciplinary units, these are artificial boundaries of learning the word means cross
beyondontheoppositeside

alpha bias When we exaggerate differences between groups. (men vs. women) research
lovesfindingthesedifferences

beta bias not recognizing the differences ex) up until 1992, no heart disease research done
onwomen

Kenneth & Mamie Clark Study presented black children with black & white dolls, which doll is
the prettiest, smartest, dirtiest, and which doll looks like you? (Howard University research in
1940s and researchers did the same in 2006, and 2009 with Anderson Cooper) all with the
sameresultsin2010showingminoritychildrenlessbiased,whitechildrenremainedthesame

Racial&CulturalIdentityDevelopmentModel(R/CID)
Allchildrenofcolorshould/mustgothroughallofthesestagesincludingcrisis(Erikson).

Stage1:Conformity
Stage 2 Dissonance conflict and a person experiences a contradiction cognitive might
beacrisisordevelopsovertime
Stage 3 Resistance & Immersion highly emotional, completely rejects dominant
cultureandcompletelyendorsesminority(Ihateallwhitepeople)
Stage 4 Introspection Stage begins to let go of anger towards dominant group, thinks
aboutit
Stage 5 Integrative Awareness achieves inner sense of security and appreciation
bothpositiveandnegativeaspects

Gettingstudentsthroughthesestagesitismoreimportanttohavetheconversation.
Stages(andphases)ofWhiteIdentityDevelopment(Helms)

Phase 1: Abandonment of Racism denial, view of postracial society colorblind

ideology
Phase2:DefiningaNonracistWhiteIdentityactivelyworkforchange

APAstatesWhiteshouldbeuppercase,becauseitdoesnotmeanthecolorwhite,buttherace.

Crash:IdentityDevelopmentInclassExercise

I was given the character of the racist, police officer, John Ryan, played by actor Matt Dillon. The
exerciseismeanttoapplytheracialidentitytheory(R/CID)tothisparticularcharacter.

SectionI:
I would classify Officer Ryan in the Stage 3, Resistance & Immersion at the beginning of the
movie. I see much emotion in Dillons character and his actions and words indicate he strongly
identifies with his identity as the White Policeman and a hate towards people of color. He says to
his young partner, You dont know who you are, wait til you have been on the job for awhile. I
interpret this to mean that the people that policemen interact with on a daily basis, see him as
the White Policeman and all that comes with the label. Ryan is rude to the insurance manager,
in part due to her being Black and having the name Shaniqua (big fuckin surprise that is) He
protests with her, stating his reasons for hating minorities because of affirmative action policies,
which in his eyes, caused his father to lose a maintenance contract with the city. The loss of
income caused his father to lose his wife and his health and dignity. Officer Ryan also stops a
Black man driving a nice vehicle, not because he suspects this vehicle was stolen, but because
he notices a female performing oral sex on the Black driver. When he pulls them over, he
eventually sexually assaults the black woman. I think Ryan as a police officer, has it ingrained in
himtogoafteryoungblackmen,asdescribedinthisarticle.

Later in the movie, he goes through a crisis, which according to the psychologist Erikson, is
essential for moving to another stage. Officer Ryan as duty calls, needs to save the same
woman he assaulted from a burning car. When the woman at first would rather stay in the car
and not have him touch him and screamed vehemently not for him to touch her, I think that really
got him upset, to the point that he realized his actions. He demonstrates Stage 4 Introspection
Stage, by dropping his anger and rethinking his views on Blacks and choosing to risk his life and
savethewoman.

SectionII:
(note the section immediately below is using the R/CID model. Look below that for the
Helmsmodel)

What stage am I in according to racial development theory? I definitely know my childhood and
early adolescence was one of conformity. Growing up in the 1970s and 1980s preinternet era in
a small, exclusively White town and area in northern Michigan, I did not have any interaction with
minorities and did not even really think about it. My only contact with them were through
television and watching professional sports. I did not meet and talk with minorities until I went to
university. I was very curious about meeting Blacks, Jews, and Latinos at the school and living in
the dormitories with them. I even became friends with a Black from the projects of Lorain, Ohio
and spent time at his home with his family. I was always curious about meeting new cultures
and have different experiences. I remember being bothered by White students that acted Black
and hung out with Blacks exclusively on our basketball team. I see now they were maturing and
trying on different identities, but didnt see that at the time. The experience of actually meeting
and living with minorities was the crisis that it took to help me start putting experiences and
observationsintomyschemaonrace.

When I started international teaching, my first posting was in the Caribbean coastal city of
Barranquilla, Colombia. The Colombian coast is mostly darkskinned Latinos and blacks and it
was my first time in a non majority White environment. I ended up living 13 years total in Latin
America and as I matured into adulthood and now middle age, I see more of the common
humanity. Currently I am living in Belgrade, Serbia, which is one of the Whitest places I have
beento,withthepopulationbeing95%Serbian.

These experiences of moving overseas were the crisis I experienced to go through stages,
although I do not remember having an emotional stage 3. I did have my Whiteness, and
Americaniss made large being one of the few Whites and Americans in the city of Barranquilla
and it was the first time I realized White Privilege. I dont think I have done enough to combat the
system of advantages for Whites. I do walk around and interact with minorities in the poor
neighborhoodshereinBethlehem.

In looking at the Helms Model, I would say I am in the Immersion Stage. I see the impact of
racism and White privilege, but more at a dispassionate, intellectual manner. I see myself
interacting with minorities, but more with individuals similar to me. Hopefully this class will push
me towards the Autonomy Stage. Just living in a variety of settings and interacting with different
people,movesonethroughthestages.

Section III: I do not generally have a positive view on policemen. I know several of my high
school friends who went on to be cops so I know the stereotype. People in these positions at
times are power hungry and go into these occupations because of these. This is for prison
guards, policemen, etc. Ryan definitely does need major counseling to have him work through
hisangerissues.

Section IV: I think the models are a better fit for minorities rather than Whites. I would like to
thinkIaminPhase2ofWhiteIdentityDevelopment.

Quiet Rage (Colbert Report) Phillip Zimbardo The Lucifer Effect: Understanding How Good
PeopleTurnEvil
We had a good discussion of Sandra Bullocks character, the rich, trophy, wife of the District
Attorney. This is the type of wife I deal with often in international schools. A good book suggested
by several international school counselors in the class is The Price of Privilege A book subtitled,
How Parental Pressure and Material Advantage are Creating a Generation of Disconnected and
Unhappy Kids We also discussed maids and domestic help. Samir suggested this
documentary by a Panamanian that my wife and I should watch. (maids and bosses
documentary)
Kate When a therapist is working from a state of fear, they will not be effective. This is a sad
stateofourlitigiousAmericansociety.

Marty Sullivan Learned Helplessness From Penn U, he did an experiment with dogs and
shocks, and the dogs did not jump out when they could have when the board was removed. He
said it was a maladaptive behavior. When the study was replicated, the dog shit insulated the
floor and so they didnt feel the shock. Never take away someones coping strategy until a
therapist gives them a new one. For example, smoking cigarettes is self regulating of addicts of
harderdrugs.Somecopingmechanismsareemotionalregulationandproblemsolving.

emissarythisisthepersonwhoisheldupasthestandardoftherace,theforemostexample
oftheethnicgroup

racism=powerandprivilege

PeggyMacIntoshUnpackingWhitePrivilege
anunearnedadvantage,orunearnedentitlementorconfirmeddominanceIcould
answeryestomostofthestatementsinherarticle.

watchMeanGirls

Is High School the time to try to different identities. Is it a bad thing to sit with peers with the same
ethnicity or same identity? Students will come to you as a safe person if you are dealing with
social justice issues. Students have more power at an institution than faculty at times because
theyaretheoneswhoarepayingtuition.

classism/sexism/racismmustfightallofthem

The Color of Fear (1994) 8 North American men of different races were brought together by a
filmdirector/therapist(ChineseAmerican).Allareineducationorpsychology.

Chicano Movement The Chicano are the people of the border between the USA and Mexico.
As a result from the MexicanAmerican War, were once Mexican, but after the war, they
switchedtoAmerica.TheraisedhighwaythroughtheirlandbetweenLAandSanDiego.

Day4July8,2014PedagogyoftheOppressed

Our assigned reading for last night was Freires book, Pedagogy of the Oppressed. It took me
a couple of attempts to enjoy the reading as the language is quite dense. For example, in the first
paragraph, he has the words axiological (the philosophical study of value) and ontological (the
study of reality or existence). Pedagogy of the oppressed is an academic work. I wished he
would have written more about his actual work with the poor of Brazil, interjecting stories of
people with the philosophical and educational theory. It would have been more powerful, in my
opinion.BelowismytakeontheassignedexcerptsfromFreire.

PedagogyoftheOppressedbyPaoloFreire

Description: Freire was a Brazilian teacher who worked with the poor of his country, especially in
teaching illiterate adults to read. He wrote this work in 1969 and it one of the foundational texts in
the field of critical pedagogy. Critical pedagogy is a philosophy of education and social
movement. It helps student realize the concept of freedom, recognize oppression or things that
are blocking their education, and that knowledge is connected to power and that it is obtainable
for them. An example of critical pedagogy was used by teachers in apartheid South Africa to
support students in becoming activists and resist the racist curriculum and policies. Freire went
on to work with the poor in a wide range of social and educational issues. The book is famous
throughout the world and was banned by totalitarian regimes in many countries in the belief that
isfomentsrevolutionoftheunderclasses.

For me, I view it as an educational philosophy that helps students question and challenge
domination and the beliefs and practices that dominate. It is an educational philosophy empower
oppressedstudentstocreateasociallyjustsociety.

I have much interest in the topic due to my international education career beginning in Latin
America. In Freires eyes, I worked for the oppressors and supported the unfair system of
oppression. My first job was teaching at Colegio Karl C. Parrish (KCP) in Barranquilla, Colombia.
The student body consisted of almost 100% upper class Colombians, who owned most of the
businesses on the Caribbean coast. These families are the oppressors and in the early 90s,
they were the small percentage of Barranquilleros (people from Barranquilla) that had access to
good education, health, etc. The majority of people in the city lived with much less, some in dire
poverty, and many in reduced means. It is a highly stratified socioeconomic class society and
although it is much better today than back then, the World Bank estimates 34% of Colombians
livebeneaththepovertyline.

I like how Freire describes the plight of the poor as being dehumanizing and they are denied
theirbasichumanrights.Freiregoesontowriteabouttheoppressors(upperclass)

...they could eat, dress, wear shoes, be educated, travel, and hear
Beethoven while millions did not eat, had no clothes or shoes, neither
studiednortraveled,muchlesslistenedtoBeethoven.

The upper class families of KCP could afford to bring down and host, North American teachers
to educate their children. The school was situated on a beautiful, spacious grounds, and had the
best of resources and US curriculum/pedagogy. They also employed domestic help and had a
lot of security. Many of our families made frequent trips to Miami and Europe. This contrasted
greatlywiththemajorityofColombiansatthetimethatliveswithmuchmoremodestmeans.

Freireiscorrectinwriting:

One of the gravest obstacles to the achievement of liberation is that

oppressive reality absorbs those within it and thereby acts to
submergehumanbeingsconsciousness.

This was the system in place for hundreds of years and everyone accepted it. No one
questioned why things were like this with a few haves and many have nots. Freire goes on to
write,

The oppressors do not perceive their monopoly on having more as a

privilege which dehumanizes others and themselves. They cannot
see that, in the egoistic pursuit of having as a possessing class, they
suffocate in their own possessions and no longer are they merely
have. For them, having more is an inalienable right, a right they
acquired through their own effort with their courage to take risks. If
others do not have more, it is because they are incompetent and lazy,
and worst of all is their unjustifiable ingratitude towards the generous
gesturesofthedominantclass.

This system was dehumanizing for the upper class as well. They lived behind security walls and
the sense of civic community was reduced to gated neighborhoods or apartment buildings and
for recreation, the country club, which was also highly secured. During this time, there were
manyrobberiesandkidnappingsaswell,whichisalsodehumanizing.

The generous gestures KCP did was to adopt a barrio school. They allowed the students to
come use the facilities on weekends and hold events at our campus. This is nice, but it does not
get to changing the system. The view of the poor as lazy and incompetent is the same as today
in the USA and throughout the world. Let me tell you in working with the students of KCP, there
were plenty of lazy and incompetent rich, as well as hardworking and brilliant. This is the same
with all classes of people. It is just that the opportunities for the poor are not there. That was a
complaint of the North American teachers, that some of the students at the school did not need
to study hard, as they will be taking over the family businesses and do not need to succeed on
theirown.

I was very young when I taught at KCP and would look at the experience differently as a more
mature educator. I went on to teach in Santa Cruz, Bolivia in my next posting. This was a similar
situation, with the Santa Cruz Cooperative School (El Americano) being literally, an annex to the
country club in the best neighborhood in the city. After those two experiences, I did not want to
work in a school that catered to the upper class locals. I certainly did not want to raise my
children in that environment. I went on to work for international schools that served the diplomatic
andmultinationalbusinesscommunitiesandweretrulyinternationalschools.

Looking back at my experience, I should have done more, but I probably would not have lasted
long at the school. Freires liberation philosophy, the idea of working with the oppressed to give
birth and get rid of the system of oppression would not have been looked upon favorably by the
families of the school. I remember in Bolivia the History Teacher wanted to do a field trip visit the
site where Che Guevara was killed. Guevara was killed in the foothills of the Andes, a couple of
hours outside of Santa Cruz. He was trying to spread the Cuban revolution to Bolivia, as he did in
other countries. School administration, probably from pressure from the Board, which consisted
solely of parents, would not allow the trip to take place. I think this trip was viewed as dangerous
to the community as it would bring forth the reality of the situation in Bolivia, with many poor and
thesmallprivilegedclass,exactlywhatChehadbeenfightingagainst.

I want to read more about the logistics of how Freire sees this system of education working. I
ended up marrying a Bolivian woman, a Creole (Spanish/German descent but born in the New
World) from a former large landowning family, so I still go back to Santa Cruz often. This is
definitely as topic I will be further exploring. There is much more I could write, but due to the
limitedtimeoftheclass,Iamgoingtostopherefortoday.

Added comments (July 10) The oppressed take the heart of the oppressor into their hearts
andbecomethem.

WhatdoesDisneyteachboysaboutsex?Themessageisthewinnergetsthegirlandhaslots
ofsex.ThisideacamethroughintheshooterinCaliforniawhowassoangrythathecouldntget
girls,eventhoughhedidalltherightthings.

Agoodsexualassaultvideothatmockstheproceduresfollowingasexualassaultcharge.

pantopticonaninstitutionalbuildingdesignedbyEnglishphilosopherandsocialtheorist,
JeremyBentham.Theideaistohaveatowerinthecenterofaprisonofroundprisonwithbright
lightsshoneonthecells.Barsarenotevenneeded,becausetheprisonersbelievetheyare
beingwatchedandactlikeguardsarethere(PanoptesGreekmythology,agiantwatchman
withhundredsofeyes)

WaysofSeeing(Berger)
womenseethemselvesthroughthemalegazebecauseitisinternalizedandeventhough
withoutmalespresent,womenstillactlikemalesarelookingatthem.
thisisthepantopticontheoryappliedtothemalegaze

PaperbagPrincessIshouldreadthistomydaughter.

Duringadolescents,parentsnolongerarerolemodels,andsocialmediaandpeerstakeover.

BenevolentSexismholdingwomenonapedestal,complimentingthem,etc.isthe
ideathatwomenneedtobesaved(princessidea)
HostileSexismwomenshouldbeinthekitchen
TheresearcherFiskeputthesetogethertogetambivalentsexism.

ActiveMindsanorganizationstartedbystudentsatPennUniversityafterasuicidetohelp
students

http://www.swaraj.org/illich_hell.htmMonsignorIllichsaddressagainstdogoodervolunteersin
LatinAmerica.

ThirdCultureKids:ImplicationsforProfessionalSchoolCounseling
Dr.GlennLambieandDodieLimberg,UniversityofFlorida,UniversityofCentralFlorida
ProfessionalSchoolCounseling,October2001

As a father of three Third Culture Kids, of course I read this article with great interest. TCKs are
students raised in a culture different from that of their parents. I am an American, my wife is a
Bolivian/Australian dual citizen and during their lifetimes so far, our children have lived in
Venezuela, Serbia, and now Japan. The article is a good introduction for counselors who are
newtoTCKs.

I was especially interested to hear what the experts had to say about transitions. We are in the
midstofatransitionrightnow.

Students sense of belonging is developed during their primary education

years and affects their understanding of self and interpersonal
relationships. Sense of belonging for TCKs is distorted as a result of their
different transitions, impacting their personalsocial development and
functionality.

My eldest son completed grade 5 this year and my middle son grade 3. Both are angry at us for
moving, and sad to be leaving their friends. My wife and I acknowledged this and we tried to say
goodbye to Serbia well, to give them a sense of closure. The counselor at the school, their
teachers, and friends have done much to help in giving them the support they need. Both seem
to be accepting it, however, I do not sense they are settled yet with our move, especially as we
are in transit for the summer. They really need to see their new home and school and start to be
involved in the school. Although Japan is a very different culture to Serbia, the school is similar in
that it is an International Baccalaureate (IB) World School I hope we (my wife and I) have taken
their feelings of grief and loss serious enough, not to impact them in adulthood. The article states
itisnotonlyfriends,butthelifestyleandpossessionswewillnotbeabletotakewithus.

Thiscoursehasbeenmuchfocusedonstudentsdevelopingasenseofpersonalidentityand
howimportantthatitforallofus.Ourhappinessandabilitytobeproductiveisbasedonthis
identity.Thepositiveandnegativecharacteristicsofthiskindoflifestyleareasfollows:

advantages
globaloutlook,easilyadjusttonewsituations
somewaystheyaremoremature(goodknowledgebasecommunicationwithadults)
andotherwaysverynaive(maid,drivers,etc.covertheireveryneedlow
studentteacherratios)

disadvantages
reversecultureshocktoughadjustmentgoingbacktothemandinteractingwith
nonTCKssometimesaromanticviewoffirstculture
identityissuesfromwherearetheyfrom

NegativechangesoccuringduringtheTCKsidentitydevelopmentdecrease
theirabilitytobeawareofthehereandnow.Theiridentityisgroundedintheir
futuregoalsandaspirations

Idontunderstandthisone.

Theyfeelveryathomeinairports.Theyfeelasenseofgriefinchildhoodbecausetheyleave
places,andifthisisnotaddressed,Isthisthesameasanimmigrantexperience.Itisdifferentin
thetemporality.Withoutastrongsenseofidentity,itishardforthemasadultstohaveintimacy
inrelationships.

TheHandMaidsTaleMargaretAtwoodandOryxandCrake

FearofTSAThePerilsofFlyingBrownSamirhadsomeintensestoriestotellonthisone.

TheYearofMagicalThinkingJoanDidionNYTimesjournalistaboutgrief,shelostherhusband
anddaughterinthesameyear

Day5July10,2014PovertyandSocialClass

ImmigrationIssue:Itisanaverageof3yearsfromthetimeachildisapprehendedandgoes
beforeanimmigrationjudge.Theyarehousedonmilitarybases.Therehavebeen325,000
childreninthelastseveralyears.Somearesayingthisisarefugeeissue,notanimmigration
issue.Arethesechildrengettingschooledduringthiswaittime?

schooltoprisonpipelineasschoolsarelosingfunding,morefundinggetsfunnelledinto
prisonKatesprisonthatsheteachesatisexpandinggreatlytheyaretakingteachersinto
prisonsonceyouhaveafelony,Americanslosetheirvotingrights72%recidivismratein
Philadelphiaprisonersgetcountedfordistrictingandtheseareusuallyinconservative,rural,
areas

kidsforcash(Luzernecounty)prisoncontractorswerepayingjudgestogiveharsher
sentencestoyouthssomoreprisonswillbebuiltVictoriaSecrethastheirlingeriemanufactured
inprisonsfor32cperhourthereisbigmoneyinprisonsandmostofthemareprivatelyrun

SocioeconomicStatus
1)economicincome,accumulatedwealth
2)socialculture,lifestyle,education
3)politicalpowertoinfluence,prestige,culturalcapital

TotalHouseholdIncome2013forafamilyof4
top1%$250,000andabove
top5%$150,000+
top20%$84,017+

bottom20%$17,916
secondbottom20%upto$33,377

WageGap(MedianAnnualEarnings2013middlenumber,betterthanmean)
WhiteMen$47,814WhiteWomen$35,151
BlackMen$34,480BlackWomen$30,398
HispanicMen27,490HispanicWomen$24,738

Takeaways:Menalwaysmakemorethanwomenandhowcanoneliveoff20,000+

socialclassdefinitionthisisasocialconstructwhatlargenumbersofpeoplebelieve
determinedbysocialmarkers(wheatbread,timetoworkout)

politicaldefinitionprestige,universityattainment,occupationstatus
culturalcapitaldefinitionaccent,mobilephone,academicqualificationsthesearethethings
thatpeoplerespondtodaytoday

WhyarepoorBlackkidswearingexpensiveshoes?Thisisacopingmechanismandtheyare
treatedbettersneakers/hatcollection/uggs/winterjacketversus

BlueJasmineWoodyAllenmovieforclasssystems

Education(2007USCensusDateforAdultsover25yearsold)

GraduateDegree8.9%BachelorsDegree15.5%(24.4%)

AssociateDegree6.3%
SomeCollege,nodiploma21%

HSandbelow48.2%

Takeawaysonly1/4ofAmericansgetatleastabachelorsdegree,buteveryoneIknowgoes
toschool,amIthatisolated?

SESandMentalHealthConcerns(SummaryofResearchFindings)
inverserelationshipbetweenclassandstress/depression/mentalillness
lowerSES,belonginess&connectionarevaluedmarryingyourcollegesweetheart,
stayinginyourneighborhood,leavefamily,leaveareacode(thisiswhathappenswith
meregardingtheUP)
vs.higherSESprestigeandmobilityarevalued

AntiClassistConsciousness
CultureofPovertyEradication
ConsciencesavingCharitableGivingguilt
SaviorSyndromeitbecomesavanitythingselfawareofpower/
CAS/ServiceLearningitissupposedtobemutuallybeneficial,havethembeawareof
theircommunitybringcommunitymembersintotheclassfirstreadToHellwithGood
Intentions
IndividualAdvocacyawareofsystemiclimitationandsupportindividualpeople
Anticlassismusepowertoaddresssystemicproblems

SchopenhauersPorcupinesthisisthetheoryaboutintimacyandporcupinesgetcoldand
comecloser,butthenthequillsdrivethemapart,andthenlatertheycometogether
Katementionedthatoneprofessorasksherstudentstheirhomezipcodeinsteadofhowthey
perceivetheirsocioeconomicstatus.Thisisamoretruthfulindicatortotheirbackground.

Igrewupinaverysmalltown,Caspian,inMichigansUpperPeninsula.Likemostruralregions
inAmerica,thereismuchpoverty.Myparentswereteachers,soweweredefinitelynotpoor,but
lowermiddleclass,butIwasnotexposedtomuchofconsumersocietyasotherslivinginmore
urbanareas.Thiswasalsobeforetheinternet.Inlookingupthecurrentdataformyzipcode,
49915herearetheinterestingstatisticsonthe904peoplewholiveinmyvillagetoday:
96.9%White(thisusedtobe100%whenIwasgrowingup)
medianhouseholdincomeof$25,139(verypoor)medianfamilyincome$31,250(still
poor)

TwootherpointsKatebroughtup...
hospitalsareprivatebusinessesandtherearehugedifferencesincostandservices
mentalhealthcareishugelyexpensiveandtherapyistooexpensiveforpeopletotake
advantageof
IwasshockedtoseeabigreasonforbankruptcyinAmericaishealthcarebills.Horriblethatour
societycannotprovidenationalhealthcareforall,freeofcharge.Thisshouldbearightof
citizens.IguessIlivedinEuropetoolong...

Day6July11,2014Gender

Engendering Health: A Social Constructionist Examination of Mens Health Beliefs and

Behaviors by Will Courtenay, Sonoma State University Psychology of Men and Masculinity
2000

I knew that women live longer than men, by almost 7 years more on average. I thought it was
caused by genetics and that testosterone causes earlier heart disease, which is probably
somewhat true. But there are also other causes of shorter lifespans of men. The one that really
caught my attention was the evidence presented by Courtenay regarding smoking and alcohol
consumption as portrayed by media. Men more often than women are featured in TV and movies
to be smoking and drinking. Growing up, all of my male friends drank much more than females. It
was looked up upon to drink to the point of vomiting. When I think back, it may have been how it
was portrayed in the media or perhaps the more advertising (beer adverts) targeted at men at
sports events. If you reflect on it, why is drinking large amounts of alcohol regarded as masculine
byoursociety?Itreallyjustcausesoneofloseinhibitions,motorandmentalfunction,etc.

The article also describes mens reluctance to visit doctors, seek health information and their
over eagerness to engage in risky behavior which leads to accidents. 90% of all prisoners in the
USAaremale!

I thought the article was a bit dated and I would like to see some more recent information on the
topic.

Medical Assignment It is the doctors that define if a newborn baby is male or female. You are
assigned a sex on your drivers license. The doctor uses the length of the clitoris or penis to
determine sex. A male penis is between 2 and 4.5 cm at birth, a female clitoris is from 0.2 just
under 2 cm in length. This is controversial or mistakes can be made with chromosomal and
transgender cases. Hospitals will not allow babies to leave the hospital without a name or sex.
ChildrenveryyoungwilltellparentsthatIamnotagirl.

We have no system for transex in our society (which according to Dr. Richmond is about 3%).
Wedonotseparategroups.

Ann Fausto Sterling Sexing the Body is a good book about our society from the point of birth,
politicizessex.Oursocietylegalizesbiology.

queer theory one of the reasons why women are objectified and oppressed is because the
body decomposing or abject experience in menstruation and lactate which men do not do.
Thisisunconscious.

economics of being a woman women spend on feminine products (tampons, jewelery, make
up, bras, high heels, hair styling, waxing, etc.) $120,000 When women wear makeup, etc. they
gethiredmoreoften.Thisisabout
Takeawayitismuchmoreexpensivewhy?????

Womenwantthemalegazewhichgivesthempower

ExerciseCanawomangothroughthedaywithoutamirror?
Menwearafeminineitem(highheels,nailpolish,bra)constrainingyourbody...

A great resource is the American Psychological Association Task Force on the Sexualization of
Girls

sexreferstophysiologicalfunctions,reproductivepotential
genderrolesofbeingamaleandfemale(socialconstruct)

observation/imitationofmodels+rewards/punishments=gendertypedbehavior

gender schema theory once a person is assigned a sex, then he/she looks at life through that
lenseandactsaccordingly

genderidentityparadigmapersonsprivatesenseoftheirownsex
genderrolestrainparadigmthegoalistocreateapatriarchaldominantsocietywomen

AMeasureofMasculinity(Brannon1976)
nosissystuffmenshouldavoidfemininethings
thebigwheelmenshouldstriveforsuccessandachievement
thestudyoakmenshouldnotshowweakness
giveemhellshouldseekadventureandbepreparedforviolence

Whathappensisyouareamanandcannotgetthatjob,orhaveadisability.

Allmengothroughthesestrains...
1)Dysfunctionendorsingagression/selfreliance/etc.isaproblem(heartdisease,divorce)
2)Discrepancyinabilitytoliveuptothenorms(exlostjobcannotliveuptomonetarywealth)
3)Traumamasculinesocializationprocessistraumatic(gaymenmenofcolor)

capitalismrewardsmasculinity
daycareintheUS$2,100permonthmiddlerange$1200low$850
socializationofmentriggersincreasedtestosterone
Katesopinionpatriarchyhurtsmen

shaved,Brazilianwaxed,cleanpubicareaforwomenstartedinpornographyand
especiallywithPamelaAndersonTommyLeespornvid,itbecamehot

Besuspiciousofthemedicalizationofanyissue.
Love'sExecutioner:&OtherTalesofPsychotherapyIrvinYalomwhendoesatherapist
bringupsomeonewhoisfatpeopledonotputupobesitybecauseitisshaming,thisisjustlike
sexualassaulthisotherbookisTheGiftofTherapy

Day8July12,2014L.G.B.T.Q.I.A.Populations

IdentityPolitics
Lesbianafemaleidentifiedpersonwhoisromantically,physically,andemotionally
attractedtoanotherfemaleidentifiedperson.
Gaysameasabovebutreplacewithmaleidentifiedperson
Bisexualpersonattractedtobothmalesandfemales
Transgenderapersonwhoisamemberofagenderotherthanthatexpectedbased
onanatomicalsexgoingacrossboundariesofgender
Queerumbrellatermforavarietyofsexualpreferencesthatdontadhereto
heterosexualandcisgendermajority
Intersexsomeonewhosephysicalsexualcharacteristicsnotexclusivelymaleor
female
Asexualpersonnotattractedtoanyone,nosexualorientation

mythofthevaginalorgasm

GirlsGoneWildarticle
astudylookedatwhygirlskisseachotheratpartiesinuniversitythereasonswere
drunkenness,universityfreedom,andattractingboysattentionandthiswouldstopafter
theyleftuniversity(L.U.G.lesbiansuntilgraduation)
NYTimesarticleonhookupcultureandgirlsslutshaming
femalerelationshipsbreakdownwhenmengetinvolved

scripttheorypositsthatsexualityislearnedfromcultureavailablesexualscriptsthatdefine
whatcountsassex,howtorecognizesexualsituations,andwhattodoinrelationalandsexual
encounters

DilemmasofDesirethisbookisaboutgirls(DebTolman)andsexualitywedonotteachgirls
aboutsexualdesirethefirstsexualencounterofthesegirlsjusthappened,andthatisbecause
theydidnthavetheskillstoknowwhattheywantedandsotheycandecidewhentostopor
whentogofurtherboysareencouragedtogooutandfindgirls,jokeaboutmasturbatingboys
butwedonotdothiswithgirls

heterosexualscriptweallinternalizethesenormsmenaresupposedtoactoutdesires,
mencantcontroltheirhormones/desirespatriarchywomengetstuff/powerwhentheygetsex

lesbiancontinuumthewaytocombatheteronormanity

polyamorytheideatokeepmultiplepartnersgoesagainstthatmonogamyisthebestmodel
(GirlwiththeDragonTatooisagoodexample)

TheEthicalSlutagoodguideforpolyamory

ComingOutthisisalifelongprocessofexploringonessexualorientationand
Gay/Bi/Lesbianidentityandsharingitwithfamily,friends,coworkersandtheworld.

Iaskedaboutwhateducationalleadersandschoolsshoulddoforstudentsthatweseemightbe
strugglingwithcomingout?
createanenvironmentinyourschoolthatissafeforgaystudents
safespacestickertoindicateyouareanally
donotforceanyonetocomeoutitmayresultinbreakingofrelationshipwithparents,
lossofjob,etc.
intheUSAmiddleschools,youcannottalkaboutsexbecauseparents

HomosexualIdentityDevelopment(Cass1979)
Thereisasixstagemodel:
1)IdentityConfusionCouldIbegay?
2)IdentityComparisonMaybethisdoesapplytome
3)IdentityToleranceImnottheonlyone.acceptsprobabilitystartsrelatingtothecommunity
4)IdentityAcceptanceIwillbeokay.
5)IdentityPrideIvegottoletpeopleknowwhoIam!
6)IdentitySynthesisHolisticviewofself
Day8July13,2014Intersectionality

AndTangoMakesThreechildrensstoryoftruestoryofpenguinsinNYZooraisingan
abandonedegg,

APAhasanMaginationPresslinkthathasalotofchildrensbooksaboutsocialissues.

Theory
queerrejectionofbinaries(male/femalenationalboundaries)psychoanalytictraditionstates
categorizingisadefensemechanism(socialconstructionism)
transgendertheseboundariesareimportantbutthereisfluiditywithinthecategories
(essentialismandconstructivism)

ReadandblogIntersectionality(Cole)

essentialismabeliefthatthingshaveasetofcharacteristicsthatmakethemwhattheyare,
andthatthetaskofscienceandphilosophyistheirdiscoveryandexpressionthedoctrinethat
essenceispriortoexistence.
theviewthatallchildrenshouldbetaughtontraditionallinestheideasand
methodsregardedasessentialtotheprevalentculture.
theviewthatcategoriesofpeople,suchaswomenandmen,orheterosexuals
andhomosexuals,ormembersofethnicgroups,haveintrinsicallydifferentand
characteristicnaturesordispositions.

intersectionality

ifyoudonthaveconflict,youhaveamonoculturalclimateteachhowtomanageconflict
andhealthydifferencesofopinionandviews
itisalwaysbettertohaveaconversation,thannottohaveaconversation
howcanyouestablishenoughtrusttohaveconflictyoudeveloptrustbyfocusingonthe
processconstantlycheckinginonpowerpolitics

MenversusWomeninLeadershipPositions
Wherethepaydisparitiesshowup,ithappensmostlyinwomen.

LeaninSherylSandbergHertakeawayisthatwhywomenarenotassertiveenoughand
shouldleanintothejob.Also,theydonotputinenoughtimeandwouldprefertospendmore
timewithfamily.

MotherhoodManifestothisisadocumentaryaboutmothersintheworkforce

glassceilingwomencanonlyrisesohigh
glassescalatorwhenmengointofemaleprofessions,theyadvancequicker
Whenmenarecaring,sensitive,andhavethesoftskills,theyareregardedasananomalyand
putonapedestal,andwhenwomenhavetheseskills,thentheyareregardedassoft

glasscliffwhenpromoted,theyareoftenpromotedintocompaniesthatarefailing

MicroaggressionsinEverydayLife:Race,Gender,andSexualOrientation
DeraldWingSue

microaggressions
everyday,subtle,automatic,oftenunconsciously
deliveredsemiinsultstowardanymarginalizedgroupinour
society
brief,commonplace,verbal,behavioral,and
environmentalindignitiesthatcommunicatehostile,
derogatory,negative,slights,andinsultstothetargetperson
orgroup
atheorythatstatessmall,short,interactionsbetween
differentraces,genders,cultures,classes,etc.areregarded
asactsofnonphysicalaggression
thesearecumulative

TheexampleofKathleenwasverypowerful.Theobjectificationofwomanishighlighted,withher
andwithListrasexample.Theflipsideishetero,thatwomencangainpowerandcontrol
throughsex.Also,mencannotcontroltheirsexualappetites.

Anexampleofagendermicroaggressionmightbeapatternofwomenbeingoverlooked,
disrespected,anddismissedbytheirmalecolleagues.Anotheriswomenwantingtobe
attractiveanddesired,versusbeingobjectifiedandtreatedassexobjects.

Iunderstandthepaincausedbymicroaggressionsandbecausetheyareoftenunconsciously
delivered,itshouldbethereceiversjobtomaketheperpetratoraware.Thisiswhereitgets
difficult,becauseitisnotalwaysclearcutinthemindsofpeopleinvolvedthatracism,sexism,or
otherbiaswasinvolved.Ithinkoneneedstopicktheirbattlesandbeverysurethatitwillbe
worththeeffortandemotionalenergytoaddressamicroagression.

Forexample,anarticleIreadentitled,RacialMicroaggressionsinEverydayLife:Implicatiions
forClinicalPractice(Sue,Capodilup,Torino,Bucceri,Holder,Nadal,&Esquilin,2007),the
author,Dr.SueandaBlackcolleagueboardanemptyplaneonashort,commuterflight.The
attendantallowsthemtositanywheretheywantandtheysitinaislerowsacrossfromeach
othernearthefront.After,threeWhitemenboardtheplaneandsitjustinfrontofthem.Just
beforetakeoff,theWhiteattendantcomesoverandasksDr.SueandhisBlackcolleagueto
movetothebackoftheplanetobalancetheweight,asitwasasmallplane.Dr.Sueviewsthis
asamicroagressionandpointsouttotheflightattendant,thatsheisaskingtwomenofcolorto
movetothebackofthebusandsaysthatthisisoffensivetohim.Theflightattendantbecomes
upsetandrepliesthatsheisnotracist,etc.

Asanoutsideobserver,Iwouldsaythatitisnotexactlyaclearsituationthatsheisracist.Iput
myselfinherpositionandIcanseeherbasingherdecisiononwhotomovebackthefactthat
Dr.Sueisbehindtheotherpassengersandshewantedbettersymmetrybasedonposition,not
color.Nowmicroaggressionsareunconsciouslydelivered,soshemaynotbeawareofit.The
bestcasescenariowouldforhertoreflectonthisandlater,becarefulwhendealingwithBlack
travelersinthefuture.BothDr.SueandhisBlackcolleaguefeltresentment.Weretheybeing
oversensitive,especiallysincetheyareminoritypsychologistsanddealwiththesetopicsona
dailybasis?Wasitworthit?Dr.Sue

Finally,shebrokeofftheconversationandrefusedtotalkabouttheincidentanylonger.for
therestoftheflight,Istewedovertheincidentanditleftasourtasteinmymouth

HeobviouslywasbotheredbytheincidentsoIseetheneedforverbalizinghisresentmenttothe
perpetrator.Hedoesquestionhimselfandcheckshisreactionwithhisfriend,whohadthesame
reaction,butdidnotconfronttheattendant.Didthishelpthecurrentsituation?Hedidgetitoffhis
chestandmadetheattendantuncomfortable,whichmayhavebeenhisgoal.Thisisthedifficult
partofthiscase,isthatheisnotsureitwasaracialmicroaggressionandifitwas,willshe
changeherbehavior?Iguessallonecandoisactinhowheorshefeelisbestandhopethat
othersalsoconfrontherwhenshecommitsotherracialmicroagressions.

Iwasthinking,whatIwouldhavedoneinasimilarsituation.Irecallanincidentthathappeneda
coupleofyearsago.Ihadameetingwithaconcernedmother,whoalsohappenedtobea
colleague.Shewasthecurriculumcoordinatorintheelementaryschool,andwewere
discussingwiththemaleathleticdirector,hisplanstostartanintramuralprogramintheupper
school,wherehersonwasastudent.Shewasvehementlyopposedtothisandcitedreasons
suchascompetition,divisionoftheschool,etc.Isensedhowever,thatthereweresexist
undertonesinhercommentstowardsmeandtheathleticdirector.Sheviewedmeasadumb
jockandmaleandnotasensitiveeducatorthatalsowantswhatisbestforallstudents.Inthis
caseshemayhavebeenrightorwrong,butthehiddenmessageIreceivedisthatallmalesin
educationonlycareaboutsportsandcompetitionandwefacilitateanatmosphereofbullying.I
wasoffendedbythisandshouldhavebroughtthisuptoher.Instead,wegaveourreasonsfor
wantingtostarttheprogram.Intheend,wereachedacompromiseandinstitutedaprogram
takingherconcernsinmind.However,weneverdidhavetheconversationabouthowIfelt.Like
Dr.Sue,Ihadmydoubts,andperhapsshewassensitivetomaledominanceoftheworkplace
andfightingagainstthis.Ididdiscussthislaterwiththeathleticdirectorandhefeltthesameway
Idid.

Whendealingwithconflictwithcolleagues,itisalwaysadelicatesituation.WhatIamtaking
awayfromreadinghisbookisthatIammoreawareofhowcommentsandopinionscanbe
perceivedbyothersandifIfeelthatamicroaggressionshouldbemadeconscious,thenI
shouldbringitup.Butaswithallhumanrelations,Ineedtofindtherighttimeandplacetodoso.

NowWhat..PromotingSocialJusticeinmylife...
Startwithpeoplesownidentityandtheyliketotalkaboutthemselves.Alwaysstartwith
selfidentity
Bereadytodealwithconflict(skills)

Diversitydocumentarytheatreinterviewsalternativecommunitymembersaboutracism,
sexism,gender,etc.putsliteralwordsintoaplayandhiresactorsandorientsnewcomersto
thoughtsthatarealreadyoncampusAnnaDeavereSmith

DiversityTrainingconcentrateonyourselffocusonselfidentity

krichmond@muhlenberg.edu(Katesemail)