Peace Corps 1973 Congressional Report

PEACE CORPS
Annual Operations Report

Fiscal Year
1973
PEACE CORPS ANNUAL OPERATIONS REPORT
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
............................................... I. INTRODUCTION
7
i
I1 . THE PEACE CORPS MISSION
Or i gi nal Le gi s l a t i ve Mandate Remains Gui di ng
Pr i nc i pl e of t h e Peace Corps ........................... 2
........ The Peace Corps' Second Year A s One P a r t of ACTI ON - 7
New Survey Covers Twe l v e Years of Peace Corps
Accomplishments ....,.................................. 4
Vol unt eer Accomplishments Beyond Mid-Level
Techni cal As s i s t ance ................................. 8
The Need f o r Peace Corps As s i s t ance i n t h e
1976' s Cont i nues. ..................................... 9
........ Al l ocat i on of t h e Vol unt eer Resource i n t h e 1970' s 10
The Peace Corps Vol unt eer P r o f i l e ..................... 11
11% . MAJOR OPERATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
....... Upturns i n Both Suppl y of and Demand f o r Vol unt eer s 12
Si x New Country Request s and Depar t ur e from Uganda ........ 13
Tr ans i t i on t o In-Country Tr ai ni ng Accel er at ed wi t h
At t endant Savi ngs ..............,....................... 1 3
..... H o s t Country Cont r i but i ons Near Pa r i t y f o r F i r s t Ti me 1 4
Bi nat i onal St a f f i ng I ncr eased ............................. 15
Peacx Corps Response t o House Forei gn Af f a i r s
Co mmi t t e e Report ....................................... 15
New Pl anni ng, Budget i ng. and Eval uat i on Systems
Developed .............................................. 1 6
Speci al Eval uat i on Fi nds I nt e r n Program Cost - Ef f ect i ve .... 1 7
Peace Corps Addresses I s s ue of Optimal Si z e ............... 1 7
Vol unt eer Ext ensi ons Of f s e t At t r i t i o n During FY 1973 ...... 18
Ot her Oper at i onal Developments ............................ 18
IV. COUNTRY HIGHLIGHTS .....................................
20
...
Af r i ca Region ............................................. 2 1
La t i n A me r i c a Region ...................................... 51
Nort h Af r i ca, Near E a s t , A s i a , and Pa c i f i c Region ......... 77
V . THE PEACE CORPS BUDGET . FY 1973 .......................... 102
- I ---
PEACE CORPS ANNUAL OPERATIONS REPORT
FY 1973
I. I NTRODUCTI ON
The Peace Corps exper i enced a y e a r of r eas s es s ment ,
r enewal , and modest growt h dur i ng FY 1973. With t h e
c onc l us i on of t h e pr e vi ous y e a r ' s budget ar y d i f f i c u l t i e s ,
t h e Peace Corps r e c e i ve d t h e h i g h e s t number of a p p l i c a t i o n s
from American c i t i z e n s s i n c e 1967, t h e l a r g e s t number of
o f f i c i a l r e que s t s from devel opi ng c o u n t r i e s f o r vol unt e e r s
s i n c e 1968, and f i e l d e d t h e g r e a t e s t number of new t r a i n e e s
s i n c e 1969. During. t h e y e a r , t h e Peace Corps a l s o began a
new program i n t h e Ce n t r a l Af r i c a n Republ i c, r e - e nt e r e d
Ni ge r i a , and r e c e i ve d r e que s t s from s i x o t h e r new c o u n t r i e s
Whi l e t h e s e r e a s s u r i n g devel opment s were welcomed, t ney
we r e n o t gr e e t e d wi t h a s e ns e of complacency by t h e Peace
Corps. I ns t e a d, t h e agency under t ook a series of s t e p s t o
re-exami ne i t s programs a.nd management f o r t h e 1970' s. Thi s
s el f - as s es s ment was suppl ement ed by t h e p o s i t i v e f i n d i n g s
and c o n s t r u c t i v e cri t i ci sms of t h e House Committee on For ei gn
Af f a i r s St a f f Survey Team Repor t e n t i t l e d "The Peace Corps
i n t h e 1970' s. "
As t h e f i s c a l y e a r came t o a c l o s e , t h e r e was a l s o a
s e n s e of r enewal . For t h e f i r s t t i m e h o s t count r y c o n t r i -
b u t i o n s w e r e al most on a p a r wi t h t h e budget a ppr opr i a t e d
by Congress when compared t o p e r c a p i t a i ncomes. The Peace
Cor ps' pol i c y of bi na t i ona l i s m, t h e f o r g i n g of genui ne p a r t -
n e r s h i p s wi t h i t s h o s t c o u n t r i e s , was enhanced f u r t h e r wi t h
t h e a c c e l e r a t e d t r a n s i t i o n of t r a i n i n g programs t o ove r s e a s
si t es and an i n c r e a s e i n t h e pe r c e nt a ge of h o s t count r y
n a t i o n a l s worki ng a s Peace Corps s t a f f i n t h e i r own c o u n t r i e s ,
A r e t r o s p e c t i v e s ur vey of Peace Corps accompl i shment s
w a s conduct ed which por t r a ye d what 24, 902 o u t of more t ha n
50, 000 vol unt e e r s have achi eved dur i ng t h e p a s t t wel ve y e a r s
i n t h e i r s e r v i c e t o devel opi ng c o u n t r i e s . The s ur vey, which
i s cover ed i n g r e a t e r d e t a i l l a t e r i n t h i s r e p o r t , found t h a t
vol unt e e r s had:
o Tr ai ned more t ha n 470, 000 peopl e i n a v a r i e t y of
a g r i c u l t u r a l s k i l l s .
a Educat ed over 2 , 0 0 0 , C00 s t u d e n t s and t e a c he r s .
o Trained over 200,000 people in a wide variety of
medical skills.
o Instructed 31,000 citizens and public officials
in improved business and public management
practices.
o Benefitted millions of other people through innocu-
lations given, water systems installed, and
agricultural practices adopted.
11. THE PEACE CORPS 9IISSION
Original Legislative Plandate Remains Guiding Principle
of the Peace C o r ~ s
The Peace Corps was established in 1961 as an independent
federal agency within the Department of State with the mandate
to promote world peace and friendship through middle-level
trained manpower in the developing worl?..
On July 1, 1971, the Peace Corps wes transferred to ACTIOX
in accordance with Executive Order 11603. The original Presi-
dential delegations of authority to the Secretary of State were
superseded and transferred to the Director of ACTION. In turn,
they have been concurrently delegated to the Associate Director
of ACTION for International Operations. Under the Peace Corps
Act, the Secretary of State continues to have responsibility
for "the continuous supervision and general direction of the
program . . . to the end that such programs are effectively
integrated both at home and abroad and the foreign policy of
the United States is best served thereby."
The Peace Corps' original Congressional mandate has re-
mained unchanged. The Peace Corps Act specifies three distinct
goals to be followed in carrying out this mission. Qualified
American volunteers are to be sent abroad for three equally
important purposes: to help developing nations meet their
needs for trained manpower, to promote a better understanding
of the American people among the people served, and to promote
a better understanding of other nations among Americans.
To understand or to assess the true value of the Peace
Corps program, it is important to acknowledge its triple
mission. The Peace Corps provides development assistance
through its volunteers, but their cross-cultural involvement
is considered equally important. This stress upon both the
developmental and cross-cultural aspects of volunteer service
has been the continuing hallmark of the Peace Corps. Approxi-
mately 50,000 volunteers have served abroad fulfilling the
mandate of the Peace Corps, which is as important and relevant
today as it was a decade ago.
Through mi ddl c and Lower l e v e l manpower a s s i s :3n::c?
t h e s e vol unt eex-s h ~ F l d t h e f oundat i on of l r i t e r na t i c na l
f r i e n d s h i p whi ch cont . r i bzt es t o t h e pr os pe c t s f o r worl ?.
peace, The Peace Corps ope r a t e s on t h e p r i n c i p l e t h a t
f r i e n d s h i p i s ge ne r a t e d by peopl e of d i f f e r e n t c o u n t r i e s
worki ng t o g e t h e r towar-ds mut ual g o a l s of i mprovi ng s o c i a l
and economic c ondi t i ons .
I n meet i ng lower l e v e l nanpower rieeds, t h e Peace Corps
i s suppl yi ng a c r i t i c a l . s e r v i c e n.ot pr ovi ded by o t h e r Uni t ed
S t a t e s f o r e i g n a s s i s t a n c e programs. The vol unt e e r s work
pr i ma r i l y i n t h e human devel opment program s e c t o r s of a q r i -
c i ~ l t u r e , h e a l t h , c ? d u c ~t i o n , and ur ban and r u r a l devel opment ,
They a r e u s u a l l y Zocat ed out s i de of t h e c a p i t a l s of t h e
devel opi ng c o u n t r i e s and serve i n c r e a s i n g l y i n remot e z r e a s
where o t h e r Eorsi-,;jners seldom 19:ork.
The Peace Cor ps ' :5eco?.2d Year 2s One Elart of ACTI9!\T
----.-- I__---..---- -II___------v---.-----
The c r e a t i o n of ACTI ON under the Pr e s i d e n t ' s Xe~rgani-
z a t i o n Pl an No, 1 of 1971 br ought t oge t h3r t h e Peace Corps
wi t h ot he r vol unt e e r programs such a s Vol unt eer s i n Se r vi c e
t o America (VISTA! , Foster Gr andpar ent Program (FGP) ; Re t i r e d
Seni or Vol t l ~t e e i - Pr oqr am ( RSVP) , Se r vi c e Corps of Re-kired.
Execut i ves (SCORE), and Act i ve Corps of Execut i ves (ACE) which
were pr e vi ous l y a s s i gne d t o s e p a r a t e agenci es of t h e Fe d s r a l
government. Each program has r e t a i n e d i t s uni que pur pose and
i d e n t i t y whi l e b u i l d i n g upon t h e s t r e n g t h s and e xpe r i e nc e s of
t h e o t h e r s .
The r e a s ons f o r t h e a e r ge r were many* One u n i f i e d agency
coul d more ef f ect i ve1. y pr0mot.e t h e cause cf v o l u n t a r i s n and
broaden o p p o r t u n i t i e s for vo1u. nteer s e r v i c e , Fur t her mor e,
common s uppor t o f f i c e s per mi t economies of s c a l e and more
e f f i c i e n t and e f f e c t i v e management s e r v i c e s . Savi ngs car1 be
a t t r i b u t e d f o r t h e n o s t p a r t t o combi ni ng va r i ous s uppor t
o f f i c e s , i n p a r t i c u l a r t h e Of f i c e of Recr ui t ment and Communi-
c a t i o n s , whi.ch i s r e s pons i bl e f o r t h e :recru:itmenl: anti pl acement
of bot h domest i c and i n t e r n a t i o n a l vol unt e e r s . Thi s a l s o
b e n e f i t s p o t e n t i a l a ppl i c a nt s by pr ovi di ng more a l t e r n a t i v e s
f o r vol unt e e r s e r v i c e , and e na bl e s t h e Peace Corps t o draw
from an expanded pool of q u a l i f i e d i ndi vi dua l s . With more
a p p l i c a n t s , t h e Peace Corps i s a b l e t o c ons i de r more r e q u e s t s
from h o s t c o u n t r i e s and a. lso t o be more s e l e c t i v e i n choosi ng
c a ndi da t e s f o r v o l u c t e e r s e r v i c e ,
A11 a d d i t i o n a l adv?nt age of the merger i s t h a t t hr ough
cooper at i on wi t h d o ~n e s t i c p r o g r ms , t h e Peace Corps has been
a b l e t o be r e s pons i ve t o needs of h o s t government s which
c s ul d not be addr essed p r i o r t o t h e meager, An exarn;)le of
t h i s c oope r a t i on i s tkte p i l o t prcgram i n Mi cr onesi a where
SCORE vol unt e e r s zn kernpocary assignment ar e a d v i s i n ~ s ma l l
busi nessmen or: irnprc?veA manageixent tel-.hn.i:]ues under t h e
s pons or s hi p of t h e Peace Cor~s,
New Survey Covers Twelve Ye a r s of Peace Corps AccompPishments
I n r esponse t o r e q u e s t s from Congress dur i ng F Y 1973,
t h e Peace Corps conduct ed a r e t r o s p e c t i v e sur vey of what
vol unt e e r s had accompl i shed t hr ough t h e i r p r o j e c t s s i n c e
t h e i n c e p t i o n of t h e agency i n 1961. The r e s u l t s of t h e
sur vey r e p r e s e n t t h e c o l l e c t i v e achi evement s of 24, 902 Peace
Corps vol unt e e r s who have s e r ve d i n 59* c o u n t r i e s , o r a p p r o x l
mat el y one h a l f of a l l vol unt e e r s who have s er ved ove r s e a s .
Thi s s t udy c onc e nt r a t e d on t h e h i s t o r y of p r o j e c t s whi ch were
s t i l l c u r r e n t dur i ng t h e e a r l y p a r t of F Y 1973.
The summary of t h e sur vey a s t a b u l a t e d below r e f l e c t s
p r i ma r i l y t h e vol unt e e r s ' t e c h n i c a l c ont r i but i ons t o devel op-
ment e f f o r t s .
- - - - - --
* Th e 59 c o u n t r i e s cover ed by t h e sur vey c ont a i n one Peace
Corps a dmi ni s t r a t i ve u n i t , t h e Ea s t e r n Car i bbean, which i s
a c t u a l l y compri sed of t h e seven s ma l l i s l a n d n a t i o n s of
Ant i gua, Barbados, Grenada, Mont s e r r a t , S t . K i t t s , St, I ~ u c j - e
and S t . Vi ncent . With t h e d e p a r t u r e from Ugagda dur i ng
F Y 1933, t h e r e f o r e , t h e Peace Corps was t e c h n i c a l l y in bC
c o u n t r i e s a s of June 30, 1973.
NUMERICAL SUMMARY
PEACE CORPS ACCOMPLISHMENTS BY PROGRM.1 SECTOR
1961-1973
People
Program Sector/ Number of Number of Served Additional
Sub-sector Volunteers Countries Directly Beneficiaries
I. AGRICULTURE AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT
Crop Extension/Production
Development
Animal Extension/Production
Development
Fisheries Research and
Development
Forestry Research and
Development
Agriculture Cooperatives/
Other Marketing Development
Environment Protection/
Conservation/Wildlife
Irrigation/Water Systems/Wells
Equipment Maintenance/Repair/
Instruction
Agriculture Planning/Research
Rural Community Development/
Home Economics Extension
4-H Youth/Agriculture Training
Development
Agriculture Education
Geology/Mining/Exploration
Development
SUBTOTAL
* Data unavailable
People
2rogram Sector/ Number of Number of Served Additional
Sub-Sector
. - --
Volunteers Countries - .- . - Directly -- Beneficiaries
11. BUSINESS AND PUBLIC
MANAGEMENT
Small Business/Industry/
Tourism Development 182
Non-Agricultural Cooperatives 149
Handicraft/Cottage Industry
Development 5
Public Administration
Development 78
SUBTOTAL
-
414
111. EDUCATION
Pre-School Education
Elementary School Education 1,367
Math/Science Secondary
Education 6,112
TEFL/TESL/Other Secondary
Education 4,349
Teacher Training 1,030
University Education 784
Adult Education 26
Vocational Education/Industrial
Arts 466
Curriculum Development 575
Sports/Physical Education
Recreation 871
Home Economics/Business
Education 6
~ducational/TV/Radio/Library
Science/AudLo Visual Aids/
Special Education 87
SUBTOTAL 15,770
,* Data unavailable
People
Program Sector/ ru'umber of Number of Served Additional
Sub-sector Volunteers Countries Directly Beneficiaries
IV. HEALTH
Professional/Nurse/Para-
Medical Health Services
Medical/Nurse/Para-Medical
Training and Education
Health Education
Disease Control/Eradication
Family Planning/Mother-Child
Health
Nutrition
Sanitation
SUBTOTAL
V. URBAN DEVELOPXENT AND PUBLIC
WORKS
Architecture/Drafting Services 155
Civil Engineering/Surveying
Services 7 5
Industrial/Mechanica1/Electrical
Engineering Services 11
Urban Community Development/
Social Work 4 16
General Construction/On-The-Job
Training 19 8
Highway/Transport Yaintenance
and Repair Services 66
Electrification 53
City/Regional Planning Services 188
SUBTOTAL 1,162
TOTAL 24,902
* Data unavailable
Volunteer Rccomuilshments ---.-- Beyond - lid-Level Technrcal Assistance
In ad6iti.o~ to such techricai contributrons to human
resource development, however, the effectiveness of volunteers
is indicated by othe~ types o f achievement which are often
overlooked:
Apart from -the:i :r prima::-y 2 (,ir. ciss.ignsnent:s , vo:lunteers
seek fi ut o:: i a l i t 1.;:.te .2.2dl t l . onai projects which serve
their co~munit~es - Typicral secondary activities of
volunteers have beer: to initiate evenirig classes for
adults, organize local sports clubs, and form extra-
zurrici,ziar clubs :;.li scierice cr ?angilage. Such extra
effort has distj-nguishe(.? t h e Peace Corps from other
development 2genc.i.e:~ and ei~hanced the acceptance of
yiolur:tee;-s i.:, t !. ~~?i : . J.i3.~;;:i r . ; i ; ~ ~ l ~ c r i i t i C?S,
2. Vol unt ee: r i ~: nsv; t i r rir:s SC: p a r t c-?f t b : c i r ~jicirnary jobs
or secondarl~ act:iy,7itiesi c f t e n lea? to new host
country programs. One exarcple of this can be seen
in the pit s i l o system introduced by a volunteer in
Chad whf.cl.1 i.s now. s t i mul a. t . i . r ~g interest. in other West
xqfrli_car~ c:c.~uritr-i.es a f f e c t e d b y the s.eri(11.l~ drought in
. t he Sahel a r e a , Another' es:ar,;pl.e i.5 the Gewane Agri--
cul1:ural 'ioc:ati anal. Schoc1 i.11 Ethiopia whi ch was
designed zr:?~ ! 11:. t j.&tei? 5y ~ W C vc % u ~ t c3e1-1s
The Peace Corps often catalyzes tho efforts of
organizations such as US AI D, World Bank, CARE, OXFNJI,
the United Nations Development Programme and other
international volunt;eer agencies. Tlolunteers are able
to provide a liaison between t h e high-.level. technicians
of these organizations, who operate primarily out of
capital cities, and the r i l r n l populations who are
most in need of assistance.
4, Language proficiency is essential to the development
of understanding between peoples and job-effectiveness.
The ability and persistence which volunteers display
in learning foreign languages indicate to their host
country colleagues, students and neighbors their desire
to communicate r ~ e a n i n c j f i ~ l I y ~ni i t h thern
5. Vpon completion of their service rJ:rers?as, volunteers
return to Pur,.eri-an soci~ty as s censtructive experienced
resource for addr2ssirig both domestic and international
problems, Former volunteers are generally service
oriented, The:,;r t ent i t.c c'r\orc;tse rzareers in education,
social wc; rk and yoveri-:men+ s~rvice, and cf ten continue
. .
crie tr3ditic1-1 o!: ~.j,iolmi";tar~L;m at hcxile a s well .
The Need for Peace Corps Assistance in the 1970's Continues
Despite the progress being made by developing countries
in conbatting related problems of poverty, hunger, illiteracy,
and disease, acute shortages of trained manpower still exist
in the field of hu.man resource development and inhibit suc-
cess in the struggles for self-reliance overseas. The fol-
lowing indicators of social and economic development in the
countries where the Peace Corps serves are only one reflec-
tion of the gravity of the development challenges confronting
these nations.
1 ASIA
LATIN
U.S.A. AFRICA AMERICA
Annual Population
Growth Rate
Number of People
per Doctor
Life Expectancy
(years
Infant Deaths per
1,000 Live Births
Literacy Rate 99%/ 15% 33% 65%
Percentage of School- !
Age Children in
School
I
97%; 28%
Per Capita Agricul- I
1
tural Production i
Growth Rate (1967- I
1972)
i
2.4%/ -0.7% 2.3% -0.8%
Per Capita Income $4,7601 $132 $140 $453
An overall objective of the Peace Corps program is to
assist in the development of local manpower capabilities so
that countries can make better use of their domestic as well
as other foreign resources. Billions of dollars are allocated
every year by the United States and other developed countries
to foreign assistance. Unfortunately, the benefits of these
programs do not always filter down to the poor people for whom
they are intended* The lack of infrastructure and sufficient
trained manpower i-n many developing countries often blocks
resources from reaching grass-roots needs.
Thus an immediate r o l e sf t ne Peace Corps i s t c pr ovi de
peopl e wi-lo ear! help d e l i v e r v i t a l s e r v i c e s where t he y a r e
needed. I t s l ong-range g o a l , however, i s t r a i n i n g t h e l o c a l
manpower who w i l l pr ovi de t h o s e neces s ar y s e r v i c e s i n t h e
f u t u r e , t he r e by a s s i s t i n g communit:ies t o become s e l f - s u f f i -
c i e n t .
Al t hough the Peace Corps o f t e n pl a ys a complementary
r o l e t o o t h e r U , S , f or e i gn a s s i s t a n c e programs, i t s t a n d s
a l one a s t h e l a r g e s t non- mi l i t ar y Arr1erica.n pr esence i n a
l a r g e number of devel opi ng c o u n t r i e s , Thi r t y- one of t h e
f i f t y - e i g h t counti:i.es s er ved by t h e Peace Corps a t t h e c l o s e s f
F Y 1. 973 r e c e i ve d rio ot he r direct Si - l a t e r a l . a s s i s t a n c e from
t h e l Jni t ed S t a t e s , Yet i n t er ms of t o t a l U.S, official
pr esence ove r s e a s , t he c;ombi.ned tatal ef ~ i t a f f and vol xr ?t eer s
compri ses onl y one pe:: r:c-rit. (3f a4 1, gr sve~r ~; r ~er , - t - - ~~a. i d Americans
working abr oad ,
Al l oc a t i on -- of the ' i f oS~- ~nt eer Resaclurce rn t h e 1975' s
Durf ng PY 1 9 7 3 tlie Peace Corps r e d ~ ; i.gned t h e program--
ni ng c r i t e r i a by whi c h vo11r.nteer projects axe pl anned and
approved. The purpose -2f ti-1i.s activit\i - E!S t o a s s ur e t h e
b e s t u t i l i z a t i o n of vol unt e e r s according t o t h e devel op-
ment al needs of t h e 1970' s and t:he Legi - sl at ed goa l s of t h e
Peace Corps. The updat ed programrninq c r i t e r i a now r e q u i r e
t h a t each voi unt e e r p.rojec:t. MUS t :
1. Have an of f i czi ai hos' i c o u n t r y r . q u e ~ t : .
2 , Be compat i bi ( t rv..ir-h xne hos t cc:,!a-t::cy ' s
devel opment z ~e e ds , qoal s and p r i o r i t i e s .
3. B e devel oped i.n con j unc t i on wi t ! . i appro--
p r i a t e h o s t sun+-^- ,, y Lns t f t u%i on: ; .
4 Be s t i ~ ~ e t u r e : ~ t i i s i l y ~ a s e ~ of . i t . t ai nabl e
o b j e c t i v e s 2greed t bg t h e Pedcc: C r p s
and h o s t c ~ u n t ~ y ,
5. Cont r i but e f :r: d. evei c. pment thro-iigl-1 a
demonst r at i - vc, cat a1y. t ic cr j.nnovatl.ve
r o l e of t h e - vol unt eer .
6 . Pr ovi de anpi e o p p o r t u ~ ~ t y f o r pe r s ona l and
pr of e s s i ona l zr;ss - c j ~ l t u r 3 l exclianqe throuql.1:
Maximum ~rteqrat-~;. ZT i "to ~ C ; S e. coli.nr:ry
i ns t i . t ut L>ns
o Maximum involvement in local communities
through secondary activities.
7. Be given priority emphasis when requested to serve
outside urban areas.
8. Have necessary host country material and/or super-
visory support.
In addition, many Peace Corps projects also meet the follow-
ing objectives:
o Complement and utilize other available develop-
mental resources.
o Involve training of host country manpower towards
the goals of self-reliance.
The Peace Corps Volunteer Profile
The volunteers of the 1970's come from a cross-section
of America. Professional, generalist, and blue-collar people
serve with equal distinction. Volunteer ages range from 20
to 83 with an average age of 27.2 years as of June 30, 1973.
As the following statistics indicate, the past few years
have been characterized by upward trends in average age, the
number of volunteers over the age of 50, and the proportions
of female and married volunteers.
Volunteers
Date Average Age Over 50 Years % Married % Women
Volunteers and trainees on-board as of June 30, 1973 had
a wide distribution of educational levels and skill backgrounds.
Degree Level Percentage Skill Background Percentage
BA or BS 75% Agriculture 12%
MA or MS 9 % Skilled Trades 6 %
PhD or L1B 1% Professional Services 20%
RN 1% Education 28%
AA or AS 2% Other 34%
No degree 12% 100%
100%
111. MAJOR OPERATIONAL DEVELOPMENTS
-- -- -
Upt ur ns i n Bot h Suppl y of and Demand f o r Vo l u n t e e r s
In PY 1973 t h e i qodest gr owt h i n t h e s u p p l y of and demand
f o r Pe a c e Cor ps v o l u n t e e r s pr oved t o b e an e nc our a gi ng r e v e r s a l
of downward t r e n d s e x p e r i e n c e d d u r i n g p r e v i o u s y e a r s . A s t h e
f o l l o wi n q f i g u r e s i n d i c a t e , t h e Peace Cor ps r e c e i v e d t h e hi gh- -
es t number of a p p l i c a t i o n s f r om Ameri can c i t i z e n s s i n c e 1967,
t h e l a r g e s t number of o f f i c i a l r e q u e s t s f r om d e v e l o p i n g c o u n t r i e s
f o r v c l u n t e e r s s i n c e 1 9 6 8 , and f i e l d e d t h e g r e a t e s t number of
new trainees slnce 1 9 5 9 .
American Off i c s a l H o s t
Yea: App l i c a nt s - Count r y -- - ---.--- Re q u e s t s ' I ' r ai nees ----
A s a r e s u l t , t h e t o t a l on- boar d s t r e n g t h of Pe a c e Cor ps
v o l u n t e e r s and t r a i n e e s ha d r i s e n f r om 6 , 8 9 4 a s of J u n e 30,
1972 t o 7, 354 by J u n e 3 0 , 1973.
Dur i ng F Y 1973 t h e d i s t r i b u t i o n of t r a i n e e s and v o l u n t e e r s
a c c o r d i n g t o t h e Pe a c e Co r p s ' pr ogr am sect ors changed s l i g h t l y .
Pr ogr am S e c t o r
- - -
J une 30, 1972 J une 30, 1993
Ag r i c u l t u r e & r u r a l de ve l opme nt 25. 1% 22. 3%
Bus i ne s s & p u b l i c management 2 3% 3 . 3 %
Educ a t i on
He a l t h
Urban 3eveLopme1:t 6 u u b l ~ c wor ks 1.3.1"s 12.7%
Ot he r
Si x New Count r y Request s and Depar t ur e from Uqanda
The Peace Corps pr ovi des vol unt e e r s t o c o u n t r i e s where
t h e r e i s a l e g i t i ma t e need and d e s i r e f o r them, where t h e
proposed j obs meet t h e programming c r i t e r i a of t h e Peace
Corps and where s t a f f and budget s uppor t i s a v a i l a b l e f o r
program devel opment . When p r a c t i c a l , s ma l l programs a r e
admi ni s t er ed from nearby c o u n t r i e s a s i s t h e c a s e wi t h
programs i n Ma ur i t a ni a , Mal t a, Ni ge r i a , t h e Ea s t e r n Car i bbean
c o u n t r i e s , t h e Sout h Pa c i f i c Commission, and t h e Solomon
I s l a nds .
Duri ng t h e year , . vol unt e e r s e nt e r e d t h e Ce nt r a l Af r i c a n
Republ i c f o r t h e f i r s t t i me, and r e - e nt e r e d Ni ge r i a f o r t h e
f i r s t t i me s i n c e 1970. A t t h e same t i me, r e q u e s t s w e r e re-
cei ved f o r e n t r y i n t o s i x o t h e r new c o u n t r i e s dur i ng F Y 1974:
Gabon, Oman, Bahr ai n, Yemen, Se yc he l l e s , and t h e Gi l b e r t and
El l i c e I s l a n d s .
While t h e Peace Corps was r espondi ng t o r e q u e s t s from
t he s e new c o u n t r i e s , it f e l t it ne c e s s a r y and pr udent t o wi t hdraw
a l l 111 v o l u n t e e r s from Uganda a f t e r c i v i l di s t ur ba nc e s re-
s u l t e d i n t h e de a t h of a Peace Corps t r a i n e e and t hr e a t e ne d
t h e s a f e t y of t h e remai ni ng v o l u n t e e r s . For t una t e l y, more
t han 90% of t h e Uganda vol unt e e r s who d e s i r e d r eassi gnment
t o o t h e r Peace Corps c ount r i e s w e r e a b l e t o t r a n s f e r .
Tr a n s i t i o n t o In-Count ry Tr ai ni nq Accel er at ed wi t h At t endant
Savi nss
Throughout F Y 1973 t he Peace Corps cont i nued t o move
toward i t s g o a l of t o t a l i n- count r y t r a i n i n g . While i n
F Y 1972 less t ha n 50% of a l l Peace Corps t r a i n i n g was con-
duct ed i n- c ount r y, by t h e end of F Y 1973 al most 85% of a l l
t r a i n e e s r e c e i ve d pr e- s er vi ce t r a i n i n g i n t h e count r y where
t he y would s e r v e o r i n a nearby count r y over s eas .
One e n t i r e Peace Corps r e gi on (Nort h Af r i c a , Near Ea s t ,
Asi a and P a c i f i c ) conduct ed t o t a l i n- count r y t r a i n i n g . I n
Af r i c a and La t i n America, 75% of a l l t r a i n e e s r e c e i ve d t o t a l
o r p a r t i a l i n- count r y t r a i n i n g dur i ng t h e ye a r . The growi ng
us e of i n- count r y t r a i n i n g i s d i r e c t l y r e l a t e d t o t h e ad-
vant ages t h a t t h e Peace Corps has exper i enced wi t h it over
t h e p a s t few y e a r s . These a r e :
1. Tr a i ni ng i n t h e count r y i s more e f f e c t i v e s i n c e
t r a i n e e s a r e a bl e t o immerse t hemsel ves i n t h e
a c t u a l envi ronment i n which t he y w i l l l i v e and
work.
2 . r~axim~.tn ~ a i - - k i c i p a t ~ o n by host country officials is
made possible, This znables ?_Fern tr~ supervise and
support the vol-untezrs more effectively when they
begin thei $ - j ~ 5 s 2nd thro~zghot~t their service.
3. The Peace (:or-ps co!l. ni;ry staff is a5l e to partici-
pate more ctirect l.:7 i~ the planni ng- an6 im:plementa-
%ion gf t - . r ai ni ng, 1.n this way, training Seeomes
an i nt e gr a ! part of the programming process,
. .
4 . Trainees a;,e at de tr. ;;art::..-:rr>;:? i:r.a].isti,-aiiy in
the c;ilal. if i . ca i- I.C)II process i %u r i r-::~ t:t:aining which
emphasizes self--sel.ceti.clrl ?~ec;e1jr<z they <ran see f o r
themselves t he ec;nte:;t in :G~:<.:.;-I. t.l-!e;r wi l . 1. be ex-
pcz?ctetl to r..rc::r!+:,
. .
5. Since t;le fiecislor.1 was made t.c nlcT/.e towarcjs in-.
i:ountry tr?!.r?i!-3.9 i r 1.9 70, ?he aYrer. age cost pe-
t : r a. i nee haz dr~pped s i cj ni f .i:ar:t l;;
Fisca? -. Year Aer aae ~ . TGs t Per Trai~lee
-4 . ~ ---.---_-7
1 9 7 ~ j $ 4 1.8!?
1 9 7 1
.- - $ 5 , 3 3 5
Host Country Contributions Near Parity for First Time
---- - - *
During FY 1973 the Peace Corps received $3,005,100 in
host country contributions both in cash and in kind,
a
significant increase from the FY 1972 level of $2,264,000.
A simple analysis reveals that for the first. time the FY 1973
level of host country cont.ributions nearly equals the U.S.
budget expenditure when viewed relative to per capita income.
The following formula represents exact par i t . y:
Host country per capita income -- Host co1.rntry contributions
. - - -
U.S.A. per capi t.3 income Peace Corps budget
In FY 1973 the (average ?el- capita Cjlcome of 31.1 Peace
Corps host countries :?as S1 9 0 , the U . S . j j per capita income
was $4,760, and the dpproprlate? Peace Corus budget was
- 7 .
$81. 0 million.
~ I S I . . ~ t h e s e fi g: l rcs i;: i:hi~fornu,l~, it is
established that F I ~ T itT; 7scu7.i ? rsquir-, :+?;?. :ln~t: ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ i ~ ~
,-.," .
contribute $ Z s 2 mi _9. ?i . r sr ; , ?fit+ z:i.ti,la~. jr! ~ 3 . 5 i e ~ , ~ p l of sirclh
?, ..
contributicns :$as . , . - ::;c 2. : ; g GI-- i:-,c :;;Tity _ ~ j ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ ~ ,
FY 1994 i<; G.... &+ ,. -:---. -, , , , A <. -,':
- - , * , . :-.. r : , : : - r. ~, ri+ ,-,: i.:fjz.::y j-k.?;t j-,rfis
. ~
147ill not !>z,.)7 :-?=&:-:.!. ; ; , : . , . I- ,I.,.<, .P" ?..<>(< ..., ? A..n.: :::. ..: ..r i- ., , . .
\ . - , >Q!IO. l Lei[, r.'2r;.7-t,r
figure.
Binational Staffing Increased
Peace Corps programs are planned and implemented within
a binational framework which integrates all Peace Corps
assistance into the goals and plans of the host country. To
avoid the pitfalls of a "donor-receiver" relationship, the
Peace Corps staff overseas attempts to create a genuine part-
nership with host countries by sharing responsibility for the
programming, training, selection, site placement and super-
vision of Volunteers.
To facilitate this process, the Peace Corps has emphasized
the hiring of host country citizens for permanent overseas staff
positions, including professional positions. In FY 1973 host
country nationals comprised 57% of permanent overseas staff,
up 3% from FY 1972.
Peace Corps Response to House Foreign Affairs Committee Report
The positive findings and constructive criticisms of the
House Foreign Affairs Committee Survey Team Report entitled
"Peace Corps in the 1970's" were welcomed by the agency. The
Survey Team visited Peace Corps programs in Korea, Philippines,
Malaysia and Thailand. The report commented favorably on the
importance of the Peace Corps' policy of binationalism which
is designed to facilitate the integration of Peace Corps
assistance into the development efforts of host countries
rather than retaining a totally separate organizational and
programmatic identity within each country.
The report also highlighted two major themes which the
Peace Corps had begun to address directly during the fiscal
year:
1. Attempting to establish a better balance between
generalist and specialist-type programs. The
Peace Corps recognizes the need to find a middle
ground somewhere between the early 1960's when
70% of the volunteers were generalists and the
early 1970's when almost 70% were specialists.
2. Taking steps to judge the effectiveness of the
Peace Corps in more qualitative, as opposed to
quantitative, terms. In other words, the effec-
tiveness of each volunteer should be stressed as
much as the total number of volunteers serving
overseas, if not more so.
Specific problems related. to individual Peace Corps Pro-
jects visited by the Survey Tean led to three major construc-
tive critici.sms: the Peace Corps should be more careful
in matching the specific volunteer skills requested by host
9.-:ountries with the qualifications of the applicants for each
1:roject; preliminary screening procedures should be tightened;
2nd a better system of estimating in 'advance the availability
of volunteers by skill shnu1.d he developed.
The Peace Corps responded to these points during FY 1973
hy setting in motion a comprehensive evaluation of the entire
7
. ; ?re--Invi t a t i o: nal Staging (PZISTJ rnechanj :;n? ~jyhich serves to
match the qualifications a applicarits with the re.quirements
of each host country in a preliminary screening process.
Furthermore, a new Appli.cant Siva.ilabi.:!-i ty Profile system was
d-.s igned Eor testi ng and impl.e:r!entation during FY 1974.
;_ ,
- . t n; l l y, copies of t h e Survey Team's report were distributed
i c ; all Peace Corpc: posts overseas for t h e benefit of Peace
Corps s<:.af f and ~~olunteers.
;~!ew -- PZanninq -L--- Budge tlna LL and Evaluation -__ Sys terns Developed
In F Y 1 9 1 3 the Peace Corps re-~iewed its entire programming
I~rccess, including planning, budgeting and evaluation. The
nurpose was to strengthen present o~erational systems to effect
decentralization of operations and to achieve greater account-
ability,
A new comprehensive programming/budgeting system was
developed and will soon be ready for implementation. The new
system enables field staff to plan with greater precision, to
order priorities, and to allocate scarce resources more judi-
ciously.
During the year the Peace Corps also began the design
of a comprehensive evaluation system to become operational
by the end uf FY 1974. This new system provides for a
regular assessment of volunteer, project and country program
effectivenes?. All training and program activities will be
fully integrated with sets of precisely defined, practical
objectives. Progress towards these goals will be periodically
assessed hy trainees, volunteers, field s t a f f , host country
9ffic:ials and Washington personnel.
Decisions made during FY 19-73 for strengthening other
evaluation efforts include the analysis of data generated
,_, hl7 the r;ew internal. evaluaticn sys-tern, Formal evaluation
rai ; ?abi . l i t i es a-t tile r e g i o n a l , I n t z r n a t i o n a l C)perations,
:;.nd ACT.TC;N 1 ~ ~ r e l s vi1.L bg u- zgr zded "c i mp: cci ~e country and
. c/ .- -... Q j 2 c-
. I - c.
-peciEi. c e va l ua t i ons as i ~ z l l as ~3.ssessment of
-
ri~::iaqerni,=_ii issues whi . ch C T I J . ~ 8 2 c : ~ r 3 ~ r =i qenry d.epartmenta1
lines. ACTION'S Office of Policy and Program Development will
play an important role in providing independent evaluations
and studies which will be used to assess program effective-
ness, directions and resource allocations in the future.
Special Evaluation Finds Intern Program Cost-Effective
In FY 1973 a special evaluation of the cost-effective-
ness of the Peace Corps' Intern Program was conducted by
the National Bureau of Standards.
Intern Programs are one of the means by which the Peace
Corps recruits and trains volunteers in those scarce skill
areas where the supply of qualified applicants does not
adequately meet the demand from host countries. The programs
are designed with American universities primarily to attract
and train qualified agriculturalists, math/science teachers,
minorities in these areas, and a variety of other scare skills
often in combination with required language capabilities.
The programs enable the Peace Corps to carry out its
mandate of responding to host country manpower needs while
also offering service opportunities to all Americans.
The 476-page study (ACTION Report 4010.1, July 1973)
found that the volunteers from the Peace Corps Intern Pro-
gram are cost effective by a 13% savings factor over the
comparable volunteer processed from the normal application-
recruitment process. This cost effective ratio of the
Intern Program compared to general pool volunteers is 8 to
7. For FY 1969-1972, the Intern Programs provided volunteers
overseas in critical skill areas at a dollar equivalent sav-
ings of $1,927,400.
Peace Corps Addresses Issue of Optimal Size
The total number of Peace Corps volunteers on board
fluctuates from day to day with the completion of old pro-
jecFs, the beginning of new ones, and individual terminations
and extensions. However, the Peace Corps uses the strengths
as of June 30th each year as benchmarks.
The Peace Corps realizes that there is no absolute
optimum level. The size of the Peace Corps is determined
by a balancing of the demand for volunteers overseas with
the supply of qualified applicants in the United States and
available budgetary resources. Attempting to be realistic,
however, the Peace Corps estimates that a range of 7,500 to
8,500 volunteers and trainees reflects the number that it
can support adequately with the existing levels of supply
and demand as well as current staff levels. Exceeding these
par amet er s over an ext ended pe r i od of t i me would n e c e s s i t a t e
maj or upward o r downward adj us t ment s i n s t a f f l e v e l s wi t h a
cor r espondi ng i mpact on t h e o v e r a l l budget .
The Peace Corps went below t h e l ower l i m i t t e mpor a r i l y
a t t h e end of F Y 1972 due t o t h e problems r e l a t e d t o t h a t
y e a r ' s budget a ppr opr i a t i on. But a s t h e f ol l owi ng f i g u r e s
demons t r at e, t h e Peace Corps expect s t o s t a b i l i z e wi t hi n
t h i s r ange.
Dat e
June 30, 1970
June 30, 1971
June 30, 1972
June 30, 1973
June 30, 1974 ( est . )
Vol unt eer and Tr a i ne e
Tot a l On-Board St r e ngt h
Vol unt eer Ext ensi ons Of f s e t At t r i t i o n ~ u r i n g F Y 1973
The vol unt e e r a t t r i t i o n r a t e f o r FY 1973 i n t e r m s of
man months of s e r v i c e l o s t was 18%. Al t hough t h i s f i g u r e
i s cons i der ed normal f o r t h e Peace Corps, and compares
ve r y f avor abl y wi t h i n d u s t r y , government and academi c r a t e s ,
t h e agency has set a s a hi gh p r i o r i t y t h e r e d u c t i o n of t h i s
x a t e i n F Y 1974 and t h e r e a f t e r . The s t r a t e g y f o r r educi ng
o v e r a l l a t t r i t i o n i s c e nt e r e d around t h e s e t t i n g of s t r i n g e n t
g o a l s f o r t h e t e n Peace Corps c o u n t r i e s wi t h t h e h i g h e s t
a t t r i t i o n r a t e s over t h e p a s t few ye a r s .
The vol unt e e r e xt e ns i on r a t e f o r F Y 1973 hel ped t o o f f -
set a t t r i t i o n l o s s e s . Of a l l t h e vol unt e e r s s chedul ed t o
compl et e t h e i r assi gnment s dur i ng t h e ye a r , 615 o r 18%
ext ended t h e i r t o u r s of s e r v i c e f o r a ye a r o r more. An
a d d i t i o n a l 499 v o l u n t e e r s ext ended t h e i r t o u r s f o r pe r i ods
r angi ng from one month t o a f u l l ye a r .
Vol unt eer s onl y ext end a t t h e r e que s t of t h e h o s t govern-
ment s which hol d such vol unt e e r s i n hi gh e s t e e m due t o t h e
two ye a r s of e xpe r i e nc e t h e y have a l r e a dy ga i ne d on t h e j ob.
Ot her Oper at i onal Developments
The year a l s o wi t ne s s e d t h e f ol l owi ng i mpor t a nt devel op-
ment s :
o Po l i c i e s gover ni ng s t a f f and vol unt e e r l i f e s t y l e s
were revi ewed and t i ght e ne d i n a few p l a c e s where
neces s ar y t o ma i nt a i n t h e a p p r o p r i a t e l y modest
s t a nda r d of l i v i n g which ha s al ways been t h e h a l l -
mark of t h e Peace Corps.
o A new staff management complexity rating system
was designed to facilitate equitable distribution
of staff positions among the 58 different Peace
Corps country programs.
o A new survey of former Peace Corps volunteers
was conducted by ACTION'S Office of Voluntary
Action Liaison. The survey found that the 2,760
former Peace Corps volunteers responding to the
questionnaire were currently employed in the
following areas :
Employed With
State agency
Federal agency
Local government
Private firm
Educational institution
Social services
Health services
Politics
Percentage
. 07%
100.9 1% (includes rounding
errors)
IV. COUNTRY HIGHLIGHTS
It is often said that the real Peace Corps is overseas
in the field where the volunteers are living and working.
Consequently this section presents a profile of each of the
58 countries where volunteers were serving as of June 30,
1973.
Administratively, the Peace Corps is divided into three
regions: Africa, Latin America, and NANEAP (North Africa,
Near East, Asia, and Pacific). For the purposes of this
report, each region is divided into three sub-regions accord-
ing to geographic or cultural characteristics. Overviews of
each region and respective sub-region precede the individual
country profiles.
As of June 30, 1973, the three regions contained the
following number of countries:
Region Number of Countries
Africa 24
Latin America 17
NANEAP 17
-
58
All data on the country profiles are as of June 30, 1973,
except for the early terminations which are cumulative FY 1973
totals.
AFRICA REGION
By almost any economic measure, Africa is one of the
least developed regions in the world. Of the 25 poorest
countries in the world, 16 are in Africa, and the Peace Corps
serves in nine of them.. The problems confronting the African
countries where the Peace Corps serves are graphically illus-
trated by statistical indicators such as the ratio of one
doctor for every 27,500 people and the average literacy rate
of 15%. The acute need for development assistance in Africa
is even more evident when compared to other countries where
the Peace Corps is serving. For instance, in Lati.n America
the literacy rate is 65% and there are 2,800 people per
doctor. The complex problems that African nations are strug-
gling to resolve pose a unique challenge and opportunity for
the Peace Corps.
The Africa region has been divided for Peace Corps
purposes into three sub-regions which have common cultural
or geographic characteristics. These are the twelve Fran-
cophone nations of West and Central Africa; the five Anglo-
' phone countries, also in West Africa; and seven Eastern and
Southern African countries which include the island of
Mauritius. Various levels of economic development are
evident in each of these areas, but by far the most disad-
vantaged is the Francophone area which has six countries
in the area known as the Sahel. A discussion of each of
the sub-regions and individual country profiles follow.
FitTNCGPH. ONE AFRI CA
As a group, the Francophone African countries are the
least developed countries where the Peace Corps serves.
Most disadvantaged are the Sahelian states in the interior:
Mauritania, Mali, Upper Volta, Niger and Chad. The other
Francophone countries where volunteers serve are: Cameroon,
the Central African F,epubLic, Dahomey, Pv;?ry Coast, Senegal,
Togo and Zaire.
. .
In establishing de\ielopment pr i.~::i ti.es , the $'rancophone
countries all place majcr emphasis on agriculture. In FY
1973 development uf t hi s sector was viewed with special
concern in the Sahelian nations where a sevpl-e -.- drought dur-
ing the past five years has attrzcted ~t i or l d- wi de attention.
P e x e Corps part~.e~pated 111 energel1:q cl rought rellef
in Upper Volta where T~obunteers assisted 111 a massive grain
airdrop. At year-end, several mediun--term projects were
being designed to utilize Peace Corps voll~nteers in this
serious crisis.
Peace Corps agricultural projscts helped ~o alleviate
the effects of the drought by increasing food production
throughout the area. Volunteer work in hortLculture, grain
storage, vegetable extension, animal traction farming, sur-
veying, irrigati~n~fcrestry and pit silos is having visible
effect.
Last year the Prixe blinister of Upper 17olra publicly
praised the Peace Corps' well-digging project, which has
brought potable water to over 400,090 Voltalcs and their
herds. In Chad, a pic silo project begun by a Pennsylvania
farmer won government backing and has aroused interest in
other West African nations. In Mali and (3ameroon, where
chickens are a prime source of protein, Peace Corps poultry
specialists helped the countries score impressive gains by
increasing egg production, fowl populations, and the number
of poultry farmers. Similar successes are apparent in
Dahomey and Togo where animal traction projects have
quadrupled the amount of land prevrously zultivated by
individual farmers, thus increasing cron production and
farm income.
Education ranks second o n l y to agrlszl-txural development
in Francophone Africa's priorities, The Peace Corps supplied
over 100 mathjsciencc teachers 2:. i~~?r.'c;! 5k.:3 secondary and
university levels,
Teacher training and teaching English as a second
language are other important projects in the area, the former
to educate the educators, the latter to provide a common means
of communication between the English and French-speaking
countries of Africa.
Public health is another area in which Peace Corps was
able to make significant contributions. For example, an
extremely successful smallpox eradication project, under-
taken jointly by the World Health Organization and the Zaire
Ministry of Health, used Peace Corps volunteers as mobile
team leaders. The volunteers contributed thousands of man-
hours, trained nearly 2,000 medical personnel and vaccinated
more than 5.2 million people. For the first time Zaire is
described by W.H.O. as free from smallpox.
-- 2 4 -.
CAMEROON
Population : 5,836,000 PC first entered : 1962
Per capita income : $1 8 0
Current projects : 18
--
--
FY 1973 Budget S z f
Peace Corps : $778,400 U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 2 9 , 4 0 0 Local . 4
--
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1972
Volunteers : 57 EIarIv terminations : 8
Trainees : -- 20 -- Early terminations : 0 -
Sex
Average age :
2 5 female, 5 2 male
--
2 6 years
- -
-
Single
6 7
Married :
.- 1 0 ( 2 families, 3 dependents)
- - .-
Types of prolect (%) .
Agriculture & Rural Development 2 6 -- - %
Business & Public Management 2 2 %
Educatron -- 48 - -- %
Health - - O/c
Urban Development & Publ~c Works 4 %
other % -
FY 1973 Highlights:
The success of the fisheries program as well as the printing of
a volunteer's Fisheries Manual highlighted the past fiscal year.
To date, 15 volunteers have participated in the program which
has led to a 500% increase in Cameroon's fish production in
the last four years. Approximately 1,000 fish ponds have been
renovated and 750 new ponds have been constructed. This pro-
gram is also being expanded into the Francophone section of
Cameroon and a greater number of volunteers will be stationed
in the Anglophone section. The publication of an extensive
survey of cattle production on the Adamoua Plateau by a
team of volunteers also created considerable official govern-
mental interest during the past year.
Following a referendum in May 1972, the Federal Republic of
Cameroon became the United Republic of Cameroon. Ensuing reor-
ganizations led to some short-term difficulties for the Peace
Corps in coordinating its planning efforts with the government.
CENTRAL AFRICAN
REPUBLIC
Population : 1,552,000 PC first entered : 19 7 2
Per capita income : $14 0 Current projects : 2 - .
FY 1973 Budget Staff
Peace Corps 1 $66,700 U.S. : 1
Host contribution : $ 1,700 - Local : 1
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
8 Early terminations : 0
Trainees :
6 0 -
Early terminations :
Sex
Average age :
Single
Married :
Types of project (%) :
Agriculture & Rural Development
Business & Public Management
Education
Health
Urban Development & Public Works
5 female, 9 male
-
-
2 4 years
-
10
-
4 ( 0
families, dependents)
Other 7 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
The Peace Corps has been working in the Central African Republic
for a relatively short time. The first group of volunteers
arrived in September 1972 and the first resident Peace Corps
representative arrived in February 1973.
The reception for the first volunteers was extremely enthusiastic
and included the President's Chief of Protocol and officials from
the Ministries of Planning and Education.
At present, 7 English teachers and one basketball coach comprise
the program. Six more English teachers arrived in September 1973
to bring the total to 14 volunteers.
One potential problem relates to the acute shortage of highly
trained Central Africans in the government's ministries. Many
officials who have expressed interest in volunteers are often
too overworked and under-staffed to have enough time for optimal
project planning and development.
- 2 6 -
CHAD
Population : 3, 640, 000
PC first entered : 1 g 6 6
Per capita income : $80
Current projects : 1 7
Peace Corps : $505, 800 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 2 8 , 20 0 Local : 3
As of 6130173 Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 38 Early terminations : 7
Trainees : 22 Early terminations : 3
-
Sex - 10 female, 5 0 male
7
Average age : 26 years
-
Single 50
-
Married : 10 ( 1
p-
families, 1 dependents)
Agriculture & Rural Development 20 O/o
-- %
Education 54 %
Health 12 %
Urban Development & Public Works 7 %
Other 7 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
F Y 1973 was t h e t h i r d ye a r f o r two hi ghl y e f f e c t i v e vol unt e e r s
s e r vi ng a s a g r i c u l t u r a l e xt e ns i on a ge nt s i n s out he r n Chad. Thei r
pri mary g o a l was t o improve t h e q u a l i t y of t h e c a t t l e he r ds i n
t h e i r a r e a whi l e p r o t e c t i n g them a g a i n s t t h e p e r s i s t e n t dr ought s
now a f f l i c t i n g West Af r i c a . They have i nt r oduced t o l o c a l
f ar mer s t h e method of s t o r i n g g r a s s e s and c r op wa s t e i n p i t
s i l o s , c ons t r uc t e d 67 s i l o s wi t h a t o t a l s t o r a g e c a p a c i t y of
58 t ons , and t r a i n e d 100 Chadi ans t o bui l d p i t s i l o s .
Peace Corps/Chad encount er ed a s hor t - t er m problem r e l a t e d t o
d i s c o n t i n u i t y i n s t a f f a s a r e s u l t of t h e agency' s f i ve - ye a r
r u l e .
- 27 -
DAHOMEY
Population : 2, 708 , 000 PC first entered : 19 6 7
per capita income : $90
Peace Corps : $509, 500
U . S . : 3
Host contribution : $ 5 , 5 0 0 - Local : 2 --
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 49
Early terminations : 8
Trainees : 1 2
-- 6
Sex - 20 female, - 4 1 male
Average age : - 26 years
Single - 55
Married : 6 ( op-
families, 0 dependents)
-
Types of proiect (%) :
Agriculture & Rural Development 50 %
Business & Public Management -- 3 %
Education 43 %
Health 4 %
Urban Development & Public Works %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Thi s was a ve r y s u c c e s s f u l year f o r Peace Corps/Dahomeyls two
a g r i c u l t u r a l e xt e ns i on programs. Ten ani mal t r a c t i o n vol unt e e r s
i n nor t he r n Dahomey w e r e i ns t r ume nt a l i n convi nci ng over 200
f ar mer s t o pur chas e and t r a i n b u l l s and t o buy plows and ox
c a r t s on c r e d i t . The g r a i n s t or a ge program, i nvol vi ng 10
v o l u n t e e r s , r e c e i ve d $25, 000 from t h e Na t i ona l Ce r e a l s Com-
mi s s i on t o b u i l d 100 new s t or a ge u n i t s f o r f ar mer s i n s out he r n
Dahomey .
Due t o t h e t r a d i t i o n a l l ow- pr of i l e p o s t u r e of Peace Corps/Dahomey
and t h e r e c e n t change of government and subsequent d e l i c a t e
p o l i t i c a l c l i ma t e , no l o c a l media cover age of Peace Corps work
was a v a i l a b l e dur i ng FY 1973. The army s e i z e d power on
Oct ober 26, 1972, t h e n a t i o n ' s f i f t h coup d ' e t a t i n 1 2 ye a r s
of i ndependence. However, Peace Corps/Dahomey i s hopi ng t h a t
mul t i - donor p r o j e c t s and t h e Ambassador' s Sel f - Hel p Fund w i l l
be i nc r e a s e d t o pr ovi de anot her s our c e of f i na nc i ng f o r t h e
ma t e r i a l s uppor t o f t e n r e qui r e d f o r t h e s uc c e s s of vol unt e e r
p r o j e c t s i n one of t h e poor e s t West Af r i c a n c o u n t r i e s .
IVORY COAST
Population : 4 , 9 4 1 , 0 0 0 PC first entered : 19 6 2
Per capita income : $310 Current projects : 1 0
FY 1973 Budget Zt af Jf
Peace Corps : $1, 092, 800 U.S. : 6
Host cont ri but i o~i : $ 8 7 , 000 Local : 4
As of 6130173
Volunteers : 4 1
Cumulative FY 1973
Trainees :
--
58 Early terminations : 2 -
Sex 58 female, 4 1 male
Average age 2 6 Years
Single 8 5
Married : 14 ( 0 families, 0 dependents)
- -
-
Types of project (%)
Agr~culture & Rural Development 1 0 Oh
Bus~ness & Publ ~c Management
4 -- %
Educat~on -- 6 6 %
Health -- 11 %
Urban Development & Publ ~c Works - 5 %
Ot he~
.-
4 %
--
-
FY 1973 Highlights:
The most s i gni f i c a nt development i n t he Peace Corps' program i n
t h e I vor y Coast i s t h e i nc r e a s e and d i v e r s i f i c a t i o n of pr oj e c t s .
By t he end of FY 1973 t h e r e were t e n p r o j e c t s , wi t h vol unt eer s
f o r f i v e new pr oj e c t s schedul ed t o begi n t r a i ni ng i n November
1973. The new a r e a s i ncl ude he a l t h, a g r i c u l t u r e and wi l d l i f e
management. The ne t r e s u l t w i l l be an i ncr eas e i n t h e number
of vol unt eer s s er vi ng i n t h e Ivory Coast from 75 t o 1 2 0 , an
encouragi ng vot e of conf i dence from t h e government.
MALI
Per capita income :
$7 0
Peace Corps : $308,200 U.S. : 2
Host contribution : $ 10,7 00 -- Local : 1
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 14
3
Trainees : 6 -- 2
Sex 4 fem'lle, 16 male
Average age : 2 5 Years
Single 16
Married : 41-L families, 0 dependent51
- -
-. %
Education L&_%
Health %
Urban Development & Public Works 1 0 %
Other 15 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
In a March 16, 1973 letter to the Peace Corps Country Director,
Mali's Minister of Production expressed his "total satisfaction
with the binational aspect of the Peace Corps program in Mali"
and complimented Peace Corps/Mali in being able to "completely
integrate itself into the concerned Malian services and to accept
a predominant Malian role in the direction and management of the
Peace Corps projects under the supervision of the Ministry of
Production."
Peace Corps/Mali worked primarily in agricultural programs in
the areas of poultry and vegetable extension and in a citrus
essential oil project. The poultry extension volunteers were
invited to participate in the National Poultry Conference held in
Bamako in March 1973.
In FY 1973 the Country Director was the only foreigner asked to
participate in Mali's Planning Commission, which discussed the
future developmental plans for the Malian Government.
Mali is one of the poorest countries in the world in economic
terms. Peace Corps projects are hampered somewhat by Mali's
inability to afford enough material support to volunteers. Fur-
thermore, the drought has taken its toll on Mali's already limited
monetary resources, not to mention the toll in human lives and
potentially important cattle resources.
MAURITANIA
PC first entered : 1966
Peace Corps : (Funded by PC/ Senegal ) U.S. : 0
Host contribution : Local : 0
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 1
Trainees : 0 -- 0
Sex
0 female, 1 male
2P years
Average age : -
Single - 1
Married : ------ 0 ! 0 families, - 0 dependents)
Types of proiect (%)
Agriculture & Rural Development 1-Qg
Business & Public Management %
Education . %
Health -- %
Urban Development & Public Works --.A. %
Other
--
--
%
FY 1973 Highlights:
Si nc e 1971 two vol unt e e r s have been a s s i s t i n g i n t h e devel opment
of p o u l t r y p r o j e c t s . One of t h e s e vol unt e e r s r e c e n t l y compl et ed
h i s t o u r of s e r v i c e . They up-graded t h e s k i l l s of l o c a l peopl e
t o i n c r e a s e t h e i r p o u l t r y pr oduct i on. I n a d d i t i o n , 20 p o u l t r y
f ar mer s r e c e i ve d a d d i t i o n a l t r a i n i n g on improved f l o c k pr oduct i on
t e c hni que s .
While t h e s uc c e s s of t h i s s m a l l p r o j e c t i s l i mi t e d t o t h e t r a i n -
i ng of a few Maur i t ani ans i n p o u l t r y pr oduc t i on, any c o n t r i b u t i o n s
which can be made t o t h i s d e s p e r a t e l y poor c ount r y a r e of va l ue .
Almost devoi d of adequat e s u r f a c e wat er and wi t h few i r r i g a t i o n
s our c e s , c r op and ani mal pr oduc t i on i s l i mi t e d . Smal l s c a l e
programs such a s chi cken and egg pr oduct i on t h u s h e l p pr ovi de
an i mpor t a nt s our ce of p r o t e i n .
I n r e s pons e t o t h e Sa he l i a n dr ought , two v o l u n t e e r pump mechani cs
have been r eques t ed i n a d d i t i o n t o a Peace Cor ps vol unt e e r who
w i l l c oor di na t e UNICEF dr ought r e l i e f a c t i v i t i e s i n Maur i t ani a.
- 31 -
NIGER
Per capita income :
$ q 0
--
Current projects : 3 4 --
Peace Corps : $850, 700 U.S. : 4
Host contribution : $ 3 5 Local : 7
Volunteers : 66 Early terminations '
11
Trainees : 36 6 Early terminations :
Sex 5 2 female, 50 male
- -
Single loo
.- -- - -
A - A
- 4C)%
Business & Public Management -1%
Education 27_%
Health L- %
Urban Development & Public Works - - %
Other 1 7 % --
FY 1973 Highlights:
The a r r i v a l of new t r a i n e e s i n f o r e s t r y , h e a l t h and t e a c hi ng Engl i sl
a s a f or e i gn l anguage expanded t h e program t o over 100 v o l u n t e e r s
dur i ng t h e summer of 1973. The new vol unt e e r s a r e a s s i gne d t o
appr oxi mat el y 1 5 l o c a t i o n s , i nc r e a s i ng t h e t o t a l number of s i t e s
t o 45 and ext endi ng t h e Peace Corps a r e a of ope r a t i ons t o Lake
Chad. Peace Corps a l s o e nt e r e d t h e a r e a of u n i v e r s i t y t e a c hi ng
f o r t h e f i r s t t i m e i n i t s 11-year h i s t o r y i n Ni ger . Thr ee new
vol unt e e r s now s e r v e a s t e a c he r t r a i n e r s f o r Ni ger i en Engl i s h
t e a c he r s , a f i e l d whi ch o f f e r s g r e a t p o t e n t i a l f o r Peace Corps
programming a s Fr ench i n s t r u c t o r s c ont i nue t o l e a ve t h e count r y.
Hamani Di o r i , t h e Pr e s i de nt of Ni ger , c ont i nue s t o v o i c e h i s
s uppor t f o r Peace Cor ps' e f f o r t s i n Ni ger .
The most s i g n i f i c a n t l i mi t a t i o n - c o n f r o n t i n g Peace Corps programs
i n Ni ger i s t h e l a c k of adequat e ma t e r i a l s uppor t . With t h e
c u r r e n t sub- sahar an dr ought s i t u a t i o n , t h e r e i s g r e a t Peace Corps
programming p o t e n t i a l f o r a change t o smal l - bor e we l l s from l a r g e
di amet er open we l l s , an expansi on of t h e f o r e s t r y program, and
t h e c r e a t i o n of a g r a i n s t o r a g e program. ~ u t a l l such p r o j e c t s
would r e q u i r e i nc r e a s e d ma t e r i a l s uppor t which must come from
o u t s i d e donor s due t o Ni g e r ' s a c u t e l y l i mi t e d r e s our c e s .
- 3 2 -
SENEGAL
Population I 3,870,000 PC first entered : 1 g 6 2
Per capita income : $ 2 3 0 - Current projects : 11 -
FY 1973 Budget
--
Peace Coros : $893,400
Host contribution : $137 , 00 0 Local 3
-- . - -
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 8 2 E:arly terminations : 14
-. -
-
- -.
Average age 25 Years
-
Single 7 4
Married ;
--
8 1 0 families, 0 dependents) -
T ~ e s of project (%) :
- 2 8 .~ "/is
Btisiness & Public Management
-11 _. %
Education
0 /
10
Health
- .. .~ - . .- ?h
-. . - -- - %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Corps/Senegal maintained three core projects in teaching
English as a foreign language, rural development and sports, and
provided new volunteers to the Department of Tourism. The
Teaching of English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) remained the
program with the most volunteers. Peace Corps/Senegal has
historically had generalist volunteer projects and this is
expected to continue.
The drought affecting West Africa has had a considerable impact
on Senegal. Peace Corps/Senegal is working with AID and the
Government of Senegal to assess the optimal use of additional
volunteers in drought-related projects.
- 33 -
TOGO
PC first entered :
19 6 2
Per capita income : $14 0 Current projects : 1 6
FY 1973 Budget
Staff
U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 22 , 100 - Local : 3
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 7 9
Sex - 4 1 female, 4 9 male
-
-
Single 82
-
Married : 8 ( 2--- families, - 7 dependents)
Agriculture & Rural Development 3 9 %
Education -- 27 %
Health 12 %
Other
13 % --
FY 1973 Highlights:
The Peace Corps program i n FY 1973 i ncl uded t e a c hi ng Engl i s h a s
a f o r e i g n l anguage, r u r a l devel opment c o n s t r u c t i o n , and h e a l t h
e duc a t i on. I n FY 1973, t h e c ons t r uc t i on v o l u n t e e r s hel ped
b u i l d 108 cl assr ooms, 28 l a t r i n e s , and 19 c i s t e r n s . Mi ni s t r y
o f f i c i a l s p u b l i c a l l y p r a i s e d t h e e f f o r t s and accompl i shment s
of t h i s r u r a l c o n s t r u c t i o n program and a l s o c i t e d t h e work
of t h e vol unt e e r h e a l t h e duc a t or s and t e a c h e r s i n Togo.
- - 4
UPPER VOLTA
-
PC: first entered : 196 7
Per capita income : $ 6 0
_ _-
FY 1973 B u i
- - - -- -- - -
Staff
L. S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 8 , 8 00
Local . 4
_ - - - _ _ _ _ - _ - _ _ _ -
As of 6/30/73
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers
4 5 Enrly terminations : 3
Trainees
1 6 Early terminations :
_ . ~ .. -. -. . _ . . .. - - - - - - - - ----
5
::ex 14 female. 4 7 male
-- ---
.;~-:age age . .- 2 5 )ears
';!1721t - 59
Ivlarried 2 i 0 farni l ~es, 0 dependents)
_- -_..---.._-p-_- ~ -
!=of proiect (9;) :
Agricuiture & Rural Ceveloprnerlr 39 70
Llusi~es.; & FJub!ii Management 96
Educarior-I 2Q_.~-%
d?di th -. 1 ?/o
Urban Deveiopment & Public Norits
Other
_.._____-_
%
--
FY 1973 Highlights:
I n F Y 1973 Peace Corps/Upper Vol t a aimed a t programming s e v e r a l
s mal l p r o j e c t s r a t h e r t h a n a l i mi t e d number of l a r g e p r o j e c t s .
I n 1973, t h e Peace Corps phased o u t t h e a g r i c u l t u r a l e xt e ns i on
p r o j e c t i n or de r t o c onc e nt r a t e on s p e c i f i c a r e a s r e l a t e d t o
i r r i g a t i o n and land/fa.rm management. Thi s phase- out was made
p o s s i b l e because Vo l t a i c s a r e r a p i d . 1 ~ appr oachi ng s e l f - s u f f i c i e n c y
a s t r a i n e d ge ne r a l a g r i c u l t u r a l agent s .
Recent l y, t h e Prirne Mi n i s t e r of Upper Vol t a s i ngl e d o u t t h e
Peace Corps f o r i t s wel l - di ggi ng a c t i v i t y whi ch has r e s u l t e d i n
t h e c o n s t r u c t i o n of 922 w e l l s over t h e p a s t f i v e ye a r s . On
dul y 5 , 1973, Pr e s i de nt Lamizana, dur i ng a r e c e p t i o n f o r Peace
Corps s t a f f members and v o l u n t e e r s , pr a i s e d t h e work of v o l u n t e e r s
and t hanked them f o r t h e i r s e r v i c e s . H i s r emar ks were br oa dc a s t
over Radi o Ouagadougou and t h e meet i ng was de s c r i be d i n t h e
of f i c i z l d a i l y newspaper,
I n a c ~ u n t r y as poor as Upper ?:olta (a11 annual income of about
$60 per capita and more t hz n 908 2f t h e peopl e l i v i n g of f t h e
land) the needs a r e n e c e s s a r i l y q r e a t . The mai n l i mi t a t i o n on
-?. bi l . i t > of t l . ~ ~ Peace Cicr-ps tc pr ovi de more t.;-;iLned manpower i s
the 3zl;endence rjx o u t s i d e donor s fcr zl zcessarq( ma t e r i a l s u p p o r t ,
- 35 -
ZAIRE
Population : l8,8OO,OOO PC first entered : 19 7 0
Per capita income : $9 0 Current projects : 31 ---
Peace Corps : $2,671,000
U.S. : 10
Host contribution : $ 24 6 , 200
Local : 2
--
As of 6130173 Cumulative FY-173
Volunteers :
142 Elarly terminations : 37
Sex .- 69 female, - 13 4 male
Single - 152
Married :
.-
4 2 ( 5 families, 11 dependent$)
- -
Business & Public Management -- 5 %
Education 47 . %
Health -2%
-
Other 7 %
- -
FY 1973 Highlights:
This was the third year of Peace Corps operations in Zaire and a
year of considerable growth. The most significant developments
centered on increases in volunteer numbers and program diversifi-
cation: in July 1972, there were approximately 50 volunteers
in-country; one year later there were 270 volunteers and trainees.
From a program comprised of only a handful of individually placed
volunteers in the areas of public works, education, health, and
agriculture, the Peace Corps launched two large secondary
education projects (65 teachers in August 1972, 123 teachers in
July 1973), its first agriculture project, and introduced new
projects in housing development/small loans, riverboat pilot
training, and famine and refugee relief. In addition, ground-
work was laid for new projects next year in the sectors of
public health, rural animation and fisheries.
FY 1973 also saw the conclusion of an extremely successful small-
pox eradication program undertaken jointly by the World Health
Organization, and Zaire's Ministry of Health, with the Peace
Corps providing mobile team leaders and mechanics. For the
first time Zaire is described by WHO as free from smailpox, thanks
to a project in which Peace Corps volunteers contributed thousands
of man-hours and vaccinated more than 5,000,000 people.
The greatest setback for the Peace Corps in Zaire was the high
attrition of volunteers assigned to the National Roads Office
Program. Causes for this attrition included: lack of material
support for the volunteers, disorganization in the related
Zaire ministry and, in some cases, poorly prepared volunteers.
Another critical problem has been the extremely high operational
costs of working in Zaire. Inflation and over-valuation of
the local currency have caused a lack of funds which has
curtailed, among other things, expenditures for volunteer
support: job related materials, mid-service training and
conferences, and more frequent staff visits to volunteers.
ANGLOPHONE WEST AFRICA
While generally more developed than their Francophone
sister states, the Anglophone countries of Ghana, Liberia,
Nigeria, Sierra Leone and The Gambia also look to agriculture
as the basis for overall economic growth. The emphasis is
not on survival as it is in the Sahel, for the climate is
less harsh and rainfall is more dependable. However, national
demand for staple crops surpasses production, and hard-earned
foreign currency must be used for imports. Serious efforts
are being made to achieve self-sufficiency in food. Ghana,
for example, spends 42% of its budget on the agricultural
sector alone.
Most volunteers working in these countries are helping
to boost food production. In Sierra Leone, volunteers have
helped turn thousands of acres of swamp into rice-producing
land; they have been partially responsible for an increased
annual rice production of nearly 80,000 bushels. Volunteers
were also active in forestry programs and, in Ghana, they
helped create what may eventually be the largest cattle
ranch in West Africa. Farmers and government extension
agents were trained in modern agricultural techniques, land
development, crop diversification and improved forestry
practices.
Anglophone West Africa also placed education just behind
agriculture as a crucial development goal. Whereas volunteers
traditionally have taught courses ranging from history to
literature at both the primary and secondary levels, the
emphasis has now shifted to teacher training and the teaching
of specialized subjects such as math, science, business
administration and vocational skills. Volunteers assigned to
the Ghanaian Business Bureau, for example, have been success-
ful in training local businessmen in management, production,
accounting, advertising and sales promotion.
Because of limited host country resources, health programs
necessarily receive somewhat less attention. This, however,
makes Peace Corps assistance all the more valuable. Volunteer
pharmacists, nurses, laboratory technicians and other medical
personnel augmented the staffs of hospitals, clinics and
medical centers, reducing dependence on costly foreign tech-
nicians and, most importantly, training local counterparts to
assume these positions. At Liberia's John F. Kennedy Hospital,
the largest and most modern in West Africa, volunteer efforts
have been decisive in reducing the infant mortality rate in
the pediatric ward, improving anesthesia practices and developing
the hospital's infrastructure.
- 38 -
THE GAMBIA
Population : 360,000
PC first entered : 1 9 6 7
-
Peace Corps : $357,000 U.S. : 2
Host contribution : $ 7 , 30 0 Local : 2
As of 6/30/73
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 4 5
Trainees : 7
- -
Earl y terminations :
--
Sex 20 female, 25 male
7 -
Average age : 25 Years
-
Single 33
-
Married : 1 2 ( 1 - - families, - 1 dependents)
Agriculture & Rural Development - - 4 %
Business & Public Management 9 %
Education 83 %
Health %
Other 4 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Two vol unt eer s working i n a wel l s program over t h e pa s t two year s
were s o s ucces s f ul t h a t s i x more wel l s cons t r uct i on advi s or s were
r eques t ed by The Gambia' s government. They a r e i nvol ved i n t he
c ons t r uc t i on of l ar ge- bor e we l l s s er vi ng bot h v i l l a g e r s and t h e i r
l i ve s t oc k a s wel l . The f i r s t two vol unt eer s i n t h e pr oj e c t dug
25 w e l l s , t r ai ned s i x Gambian masons, and upgraded t he s k i l l s of
2 4 l a bor e r s i n wel l cons t r uct i on. The 25 w e l l s pr ovi de pot abi t ?
wat er t o more t han 1 0 , 0 0 0 Gambian v i l l a g e r s t oday.
- 39 -
GHANA
Per capita income : $310 Current projects : 31
Peace Corps : $1,617,200 U.S. : 6
Host contribution : $ 208, 8 00 Local : 6
Volunteers : 185 Early terminations : 3 3
Trainees : 71 1 3 -- Early termination5 :
Sex
Average age :
Single
Married :
9 9 female, 157 male
- -
29 years
200
-
56 (-_ 14 families, 2 9 dependents)
.A. %
Education _ . z L %
Health . - %
Urban Development & Public Works -1%
Other 1 1 %
--
FY 1973 Highlights:
There was a military coup in Ghana in January 1972. During the
first few months after the coup, the National Redemption Council
(military government) was hesitant to request as many volunteers
as in the past. However, in September 1972 large numbers of
volunteers were requested to serve in a variety of projects
in the fields of education, agriculture, health, and rural de-
velopment. By the end of FY 1973, Peace Corps/Ghana was back
to its previous program strength of 256 volunteers and trainees.
Peace Corps/Ghana's program has become increasingly diverse in
the last few years as ministries continue to request greater
numbers of volunteers with professional qualifications. Con-
sequently, Peace Corps/Ghana is finding it difficult to develop
assignments suitable for generalist volunteers.
LIBERIA
Population : 1,520,000
PC first entered : 19 6 2
FY 1973 Budget
Staff
U.S. : 7
Host contri buti on : $ 193 ,7 0 0 Local : 10
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
280 Early terminations : 4 1
Trainees :
Sex - 135 female, - 169 male
Single - 230
Married : 7 4 ( 9 families, 14 dependents)
Agricu!ture & Rural Development 21 %
-- 4 %
Education -- 60 %
Health 3 %
Urban Developrnerlt & Public Works 6 %
Other
6 % -
FY 1973 Highlights:
Liberia's government under President Tolbert stresses the develop-
ment of the interior in terms of agriculture, farm-to-market
roads, self-help schools, bridges and clinics. To complement
this, he places great importance on providing skilled trades
and vocational agriculture instruction. Peace Corps fits into
this new development pattern by increasing its involvement in
agricultural and self-help programs. Volunteer generalists
continue to fill most of the manpower needs requested by Liberia,
particularly those with farm backgrounds. Therefore the Peace
Corps is gradually phasing out of education and increasing its
agricultural and self-help program involvement.
- 4 1 -
NI GERI A
Population : 55, 070, 000 PC first entered : 1 9 6 1
Per capita income :
$12 0
--
Peace Corps I $48, 500 U.S. : 0
Host contribution : 0
--
Local :
Volun!eers : 2 Early terminations : 4
Trainees :
o -- n
-
Average age : 3 5 years
-
Single 2
Married : ( 2 families, 0 dependents)
- -
Types of project (YO) :
Agriculture & Rural Development I%
Business & Public Management ?6
Education -1 0 0 96
Health -- %
Urban Development & Public Works -- 96
Other -- %
---
FY 1973 Highlights:
Once one of t h e l a r g e s t Peace Corps programs i n t h e wor l d, Peace
Cor ps/ Ni ger i a was phased out i n 1970 a s a r e s u l t of Ni g e r i a ' s
pr ol onged and b i t t e r c i v i l war. A t Ni g e r i a ' s r e q u e s t t h e Peace
Corps r e t ur ne d in November 1972 wi t h a s ma l l p h y s i c a l e duc a t i on
p r o j e c t c o n s i s t i n g of s i x coaches. However, t h e r e l a t i v e l y
s h o r t l e a d t i m e l e d t o poor pl anni ng f o r t h e p r o j e c t which con-
s e que nt l y l o s t 4 of t h e o r i g i n a l coaches dur i ng t h e r emai nder of
F Y 1973. Ni g e r i a ' s Spor t s Commission has s i n c e asked f o r 11
a d d i t i o n a l vol unt e e r coaches, t o a r r i v e i n e a r l y F Y 1974. The
Peace Corps has approved t h e r e q u e s t now t h a t t h e probl ems
c onf r ont i ng t h e f i r s t p r o j e c t have been r e s ol ve d.
- 42 -
SIERIiA LEONE
Population 1 2,555,000 PC flrst entered : 1961
- Current projects : 1
FY 1973 Budget s_t&f
Peace Corps : $1,408,200 U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 100 ,9 0 0 Local : 8
As of 6/ 30/ 73
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 154
Earlv terminations : 32
Trainees :
L.-- --
Sex 7 2 femdle, 9 9 male
- -
Averdge age 28 years
S~ngle 141
Marr~ed 30 i 6 famllle5,
12 dependents)
- - -
Types of project (%)
Agr~culture & Rurdl Development _ -22 5%
tlus~ness & Publlc Management L %
Education _ 68-%
Health 2 %I
Urban Development & Publ ~c Work,) __A%
Other 3 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
While the major contributions of the Peace Corps/Sierra Leone
program continued to be in the fields of education and agriculture
during FY 1973, there was also evidence of success in a new endeavor.
In 1972, volunteers began work on water supply systems for rural
communities. To date six of these systems have been completed and
another 20 are under construction. When completed these systems
will supply potable water for more than 50,000 people in 100
villages. Another highlight of FY 1973 was the interest shown
by Sierra Leonean television in giving coverage to Peace Corps
operations. A two-month series of weekly interviews with Peace
Corps staff and volunteers was scheduled and broadcast on the
national station.
A programming problem in Sierra Leone resulted from an insufficient
number of candidates for, and subsequent trainee attrition in,
the agriculture extension program. Of 30 candidates originally
requested, only 12 volunteers presently are serving. This has
hindered Peace Corps' ability to assist the Ministry of Agri-
culture which continues to request increasing numbers of
volunteers.
EAST AND SOUTHERN AFRICA
In East and Southern Africa, the Peace Corps serves in
Kenya and Ethiopia in the East; Botswana, Lesotho, Swaziland
and Malawi in the South; and the island of Mauritius in the
Indian Ocean. The growing sophistication in agriculture in
most of these countries has reduced the number of projects
in this sector. In Ethiopia, however, volunteers continued
to serve in agricultural extension, forestry, land settlement,
crop research, irrigation and conservation projects.
re at strides have been made in most of the region's
school systems, which are staffed mainly by Africans, especially
at the primary and secondary levels. In Ethiopia more than
120 volunteers taught last year at the junior secondary level.
Elsewhere in the region, volunteers were successfully utilized
in vocational and industrial arts education, giving instruction
in subjects ranging from machine repair to carpentry and
electricity.
In the public works sector, volunteers also made signifi-
cant contributions. Current projects include the design and
construction of low-cost housing, schools, sewage works and
rural and urban water supply systems. In most cases the
volunteers trained Africans to replace high-salaried foreign
experts, representing a considerable savings to the host
governments. One project in Kenya, begun in 1970, has already
directly affected 25,000 Kenyans through the construction of
70 rural water supply systems throughout the country.
Volunteers were also involved in health assistance, most
importantly in disease control, and in the training of nurses,
doctors, laboratory technicians and other medical personnel.
They have helped to reduce the shortage of local teachers and
been responsible in some instances for a general improvement
in the quality of training offered. In Ethiopia, where small-
pox was once one of the most prevalent diseases, volunteers
innoculated 6.6 million people and in three years helped
eradicate the disease in one half of the country.
Finally, after a long and productive association, the Peace
Corps regretfully terminated the program in Uganda and withdrew
all volunteers as a result of civil disruptions.
- 44 -
BOTSWANA
PC first entered : 196 6
Peace Corps : $532,000 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 5 4 , 3 00
.-
Local : 2
As of 6/30/=
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 7 2 Early terminations : 10
Trainees :
- 18
--
-
-
Single 62
-
Married : 28 3 families, 8 dependents)
Types of proj ect (%)
Agriculture & Rurdl Development 10 %
Business & Public Management - 29 %
Education 42 %
Health . -- 2 %
Urban Development & Public W0rk.s 3 %
Other
--
14 % --
---
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Corps/Botswana continued its unique program approach at the
district level of local government. Twenty volunteers are assigned
to the Ministry of Local Government and Lands as District Council
nurses, physical planners, economic planners, District Develop-
ment Officers and Council Administrative Officers. They provide
on-the-job training to junior level Botswana officials while
working in positions of critical importance to the implementation
of Botswana's Development Plan.
One problem is that the limited availability of housing for the
Botswana people occasionally results in volunteers living in
areas with primarily expatriate neighbors thereby hindering
optimal cross-cultural interchange with the Botswana people.
ETHIOPIA
Population I 24,625,000
Per capita income : $8 0
U.S. : 6
Host contribution : $ 8 2,7 00
-- Local : 5
Trainees : 108
--
3 6-
Average age : -28 years -
Single - 214
Married : 77 ( L families, 12 dependents)
Agriculture & Rural Development -- 12 %I
Education
Health -7%
Urban Development & Public Works -- %
Other 13 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
By far the most significant development was the extremely success-
ful operation of the Smallpox Eradication Program.
In January 1971, when Ethiopia first joined WHO'S world program
for the eradication of smallpox, less than 2,000 cases had been
reported in the preceding four years. At the end of 1972, the
yearly total rose to more than 25,000 cases, the ,highest incidence
of any country in the world. And while this year's figures are
decreasing due to the success of the program, Ethiopia still
accounts for a third of the world's total cases. In cooperation
with Japanese and Australian volunteers, 64 Peace Corps volunteers
had innoculated 6,665,000 people against smallpox by the end of
FY 1973.
- 4 6 -
KENYA
FY 1973 Budget
Peace Corps 1 $1,999,700
Host contribution : $ 334 600
-.
Staff
U.S. : 6
L0cdl : 9
As of 6/30/71
CQmulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 228 Early terminations
26
Trainees :
--
Early terminations 1 T)
4 7
Sex - 8 0 ferndie, 195 male
-
Average age 3 1 years
Single - 13-7
Married
- -.
78 ( 3 f,irnilrer, 7 dependents)
Types of prolect ( %)
Agr~cul ture & Rurdi Development
1 5 - %
Buslness & Public Management 1 %
Educat~on 6 5 %
Health 1 3 %
Urban Development & Publ ~c Work5 1 %
-
Other 5 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
The most significant development of FY 1973 in Peace Corps/Kenya
was the increased involvement of Kenyans in the training of
volunteers as evidenced by the Peace Corps contracting with
Akili Productions, Ltd., a host-country firm, to do language
and cross-cultural training. On August 8, 1973, the Daily
Nation, East Africa's leading newspaper, ran a special feature
on Peace Corps/Kenya and highlighted Kenyan involvement in the
volunteers' in-country training. There was particular emphasis
given to the live-in arrangements in Nairobi where trainees
lived with Kenyan families.
- 47 -
LESOTHO
FY 1973 Budget
Staff
Peace Corps : $266,500
U.S. : 2
Host contribution : $ 20 ,900 --
Local : 2
Sex - 19 female, - 3 3 male
Single - 3 3
Married : 19 ( -- - 8 families, 14 dependents) --
Education - 71 %
Health A- ' %
Urban Development & Public Works 7 - %
Other 7 %
Peace Corps/Lesotho successfully increased its support to the
Ministry of Education at the secondary school level by supplying
21 replacement teachers, thereby enabling qualified Lesotho to
upgrade their teaching skills at teacher training colleges.
Peace Corps also provided volunteer advisors in curriculum
development at the training institutes.
In addition, two volunteers were assigned to the Matsieng
Vocational School as construction advisors in the skilled trades.
These volunteers developed a unique low-cost modular housing
system and are providing on-the-job training to teams of students
who build these units.
Peace Corps/Lesotho believes, however, that it must also increase
its involvement in agricultural production and land-use programs
in a country which is chronically short of minimal food supplies.
The need is critical and represents Peace Corps/Lesothols
priority for FY 1974 program development.
Population : 4,440,000 PC first entered : 19 62
Per capita income : $8 0 Current proiects : 7
FY 1973 Budget
Peace Corus : $230,800
Host contribution : $ 22 , 900
Staff
U.S. : 1
Local : 1
As of 6 / 3 0 i ' Cumulative FY 1973
Sex 13 fernal-, 1 3 male
- -
-
Single
- 1 4
Married :
--
4 families, 10 dependents)
l2
w e s of project (%) :
Edrrcation
Iiealth
FY 1973 Highlights:
The implementation of a new in-country training system for Peace
Corps/Malawi in FY 1973 is expected to have a major impact on
the quality of volunteer service. Significantly increased
involvement of Malawians in the training of volunteers is the
key factor in the success of this new approach.
- 49 -
MAURI TI US
PC first entered : 1 g 6 g
Peace Corps : .$124,800
U.S. : 1
Host contribution : $ 10,100 Local : 1
Volunteers : 1 3
Trainees : 0
--
Sex 6 female,
7 male
-
Average age . 29 years
-
Single - 11
Married . - 2 i_L- - 2 families, 4 dependents)
-
m e s of project (%) :
Agriculture & Rural Development -~ 40 76
Education 7;
Health 40 %
Other 7 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
The work of three clinical nursing instructors assigned to
Mauritius is perhaps the most significant accomplishment of 1973.
Without their assistance, the fledgling training program at
the School of Nursing in Ebrt Louis could not have survived.
- 50 -
SWAZILAND
Per ca~i t a income :
$18 0
Current oroiects : 25
FY 1973 Budget
Host contribution : $ 3 4 , 4 0 0
Staff
U.S. : 4
Locdl : 3
As of 6130173
Volunteers : 90
Cumulative FY 1973
Early terniinat~ons : 7
Trainees :
--
7 E'irly terniindtions : 7
Sex 3 9 femalz, 58 male
- --
-
Single 57
-
Married :
-p--p------. -- - --
4 0 ( 8 fam~lies, 16 dependents)
I ypes of project (96) :
- -- -- 7 -- - 9;
Business & Public Management 5 %I
Educatron 72 "/c
Health 1 o/b
Urban Development & Public Works 10 '%
Other --.-L%
FY 1973 Highlights:
Eleven Peace Corps volunteer instrators served in the vocational
education/industrial arts project at the Swaziland Industrial
Training Institute. These volunteers instructed over 500 crafts
and specialist level trainees in a wide range of vocational sub-
jects. Overall, they devoted 13,000 hours of teaching to help
reduce the level of unemployment in Swaziland.
Although the project is only a year old, the volunteers are
assisting is the development of new curricula for mathematics,
science, English and geography for the entire Swaziland school
system. They are also instructing the present teaching staff
at the teachers training college on how the new syllabi will
work. This new program of study will affect every child in the
Swazi school system.
- 51 -
LATIN AMERICA REGION
Present-day Latin America is a study in progress and poverty.
Progress is represented by the continuing surge of industriali-
zation and modernization which has brought the region a rate
of economic growth surpassing all targets set in the early
1960k by the Alliance for Progress and the United Nations.
Moreover, increasing efficiency in manufacturing, rising foreign
investment and increasing continuity of planning are factors
which are likely to spur the rate of development and economic
growth throughout the 1970's.
Poverty, on the other hand, is reflected in the grim
statistics that more than 40% of the population is only margin-
ally involved in the money economy and therefore does not share
the fruits of the region's economic growth. The population
growth rate is 2.7% annually. Unemployment is rampant. Migration
from rural areas will double urban populations within ten years.
Because of unemployment, underempioyment and the low level of
agricultural productivity, income distribution is highly
inequitable. These are some of the key problems which con-
tinued to trouble countries in Latin America during FY 1973.
The 17 Latin American countries in which the Peace Corps has
been serving can be placed in sub-regional groupings which re-
flect geographic proximity and, to a lesser degree, common
language and culture. These are: the Caribbean, Central
America, and South America. A discussion of Peace Corps
activities during the past fiscal year in each country of
these sub-regions is included in the following pages.
CENTRAL AMERICA
Geography, culture and economics determine the boundaries
of Peace Corps' Central America sub-region. Five of the six
countries -- Costa Rica, Nicaragua, El Salvador, Honduras and
Guatemala--lie contiguously within the tapering isthmus between
Mexico and South America. Spanish-speaking Dominican Republic
is (for Peace Corps purposes) included as the sixth country
in this area.
Volunteers have been active in Central America since the
early 1960's. The only recent changes have been the entry into
Nicaragua in 1969 and the departure from Panama in 1971.
Like the Latin American Region as a whole, Central America
primarily needs to increase its agricultural productivity. With
the exception of Costa Rica, agriculture is the dominant econo-
mic and social force in the area, contributing more than 75%
of the dollar value of exports and employment for more than
50% of the work force. Yet following the general pattern for
Latin America, the perfformance of this sector has been
unsatisfactory, lagging well behind the growth in the manu-
facturing and service sectors.
Increased production of both staple and cash crops is the
top development priority of all six governments. By far the
largest numbers of requests from this area are for skilled
farmers and agricultural technicians or scientists.
To remedy the imbalance between available agricultural
skills and requests, the Peace Corps began experimenting two
years ago with a concentrated training program designed to
prepare generalist volunteers for jobs previously thought to
have required farm backgrounds and skills. The success of this
training method has been the Peace Corps' major accomplishment
in Central America in FY 1973, vastly increasing the Peace
Corps' ability to provide agricultural assistance to these
countries.
The earthquake that almost totally destroyed the capital
city of Managua on December 23, 1972, had a devastating impact
on Nicaragua, and its repercussions are still being felt through-
out the country. Volunteers in Nicaragua at the time of the
disaster responded courageously, helping with the resettle-
ment of refugees, distribution of emergency food and clothing,
location of missing persons, restoration of electric power,
and by serving as nurses and paramedics ir fi-eld hospitals.
Af t e r i mmedi at e r e l i e f a c t i v i t i e s had ended, v o l u n t e e r s t ur ned
t oward t h e l ong-range probl em of he l pi ng Ni car aguans grow and
mar ket t h e cr ops needed t o f e e d t h e count r y.
The havoc t h a t t h e ear t hquake c r e a t e d i n t h e a dmi ni s t r a t i on
of a g r i c u l t u r a l p r o j e c t s has been exacer bat ed by a s e r i o u s ,
pr ol onged dr ought a f f e c t i n g a l l of Ce nt r a l Ameri ca. The
dr ought ha s under scor ed t h e f a c t t h a t Peace Cor ps' maj or con-
t r i b u t i o n t o Ce n t r a l America has been, and w i l l c ont i nue t o be ,
i n a g r i c u l t u r e .
- 54 -
COSTA RI CA
Peace Corps : $593, 400 U.S. : 2
Host contribution : $ 8, 000 -
Local : 4
As of 6130173- Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 78 Early terminations :
IB
Trainees : 0 Early -- terminations : 3
- -
--
Single 55
-
Married : 23 ( 4 families, 7
dependents)
-
Agriculture & Rural Development %
Business & Public Management -a%
Education % %
Health -- 1%
Urban Development & Public Works - L%
Other .- -3%
FY 1973 Highlights:
Throughout F Y 1973 Peace Corps/ Cost a Ri ca was p a r t i c u l a r l y a c t i v e
i n a g r i c u l t u r a l r e s e a r c h and pl anni ng, c r op e xt e ns i on, and p u b l i c
h e a l t h nur s i ng. Duri ng t h e y e a r , pl a ns were a l s o made and vol un-
teers r e que s t e d f o r a s i g n i f i c a n t new p r o j e c t i n muni ci pal devel op-
ment. Anot her r e q u e s t was r e c e i ve d f o r v o l u n t e e r s t o a s s i s t
Cost a Rica i n t h e c r e a t i o n d a new u n i v e r s i t y which w i l l br oaden
o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r hi ghe r e duc a t i on. Cur r e nt l y, 50% of a l l a p p l i -
c a n t s must be t ur ne d away from t h e e x i s t i n g u n i v e r s i t y due t o
i n s u f f i c i e n t f a c u l t y and f a c i l i t i e s .
Along wi t h t h e popul a r s uppor t which Peace Corps e nj oys i n Cos t a
Ri ca, it may be not ed t h a t Pr e s i d e n t Fi guer es i s proud of cl ai mi ng
t h a t he p a r t i c i p a t e d wi t h Sa r ge nt Shr i ve r i n i n i t i a l di s c us s i ons
i n t h e e a r l y 1960' s of t h e Peace Cor ps' r o l e i n La t i n America. H e
c ont i nue s t o s uppor t vol unt e e r p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n a wi de-range of
devel opment p r o j e c t s . However, one probl em f a c e d by t h e Peace Corps
i n Cost a R i c a i s t h e l a c k of wel l - def i ned devel opment p r i o r i t i e s .
The Mi ni s t r y of Pl anni ng has onl y r e c e n t l y achi eved mi n i s t e r i a l
s t a ndi ng and t o d a t e does n o t have s t r ong deci si on-maki ng power.
Ther ef or e, it i s d i f f i c u l t f o r t h e Peace Corps t o set g o a l s and t o
de f i ne o b j e c t i v e s which a c c u r a t e l y r e f l e c t t h o s e of t h e h o s t count r y.
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
PC first entered : 1 9 6 2
per capita income : $3 5 0
Peace Corps : $539,000 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 1, 2 0 0 -- Local : 5
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1913
Volunteers : 54
12
Trainees : 28
--
12
- -
7
Single 7 2
-
Married : 2 families, 3
depcndcnt i i
1 0 -L--
- - -
Agriculture & Rural Development LE-. yb
Business & Public Management LLo/.
Education A_%
Health L %
Urban Development & Public Works L_%
Other 1 %
- -- - -
FY 1973 Highlights:
The Peace Corps re-entered the Dominican Republic in the latter
part of 1969. Since that time, volunteers have participated
primarily in rural community development and agriculture projects.
Peace Corps technical assistance to agricultural cooperatives
has been instrumental in increasing the net worth of cooperatives
by five percent, the growth rate of memberships by 8%, and the
rate of savings or capitalization by 15%. Other volunteers
provided extension services to subsistence farmers in an effort
to increase their level of production of r i c ~ , corn, beans
and swine.
- 56 -
EL SALVADOR
per capita income : $3 00 Current projects : 23 -
F Y 9 7 3 Budget Staff
Pence Corps : $394,300 U.S. : 3
I-ioj? contribution : $ 300 Local : 3
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
--
- -
.Average age : 2 8 years
-
Single 33
-
Married : 28 (-- 5 families, 9 dependents)
-- -
Txes of project (96) :
Education - - 2%-%
Health - -~ %
Urban Development & Public Works -- ?h
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Corps volunteers in El Salvador played an important role
during FY 1973 in increasing forage production and introducing
basic veterinary practices to small-scale farmers in the northern
part of the country. Fourteen volunteers successfully promoted
the construction and filling of 216 silos containing 1,545 tons
of silage since the project began. Successes such as these have
been recognized by the Minister of Agriculture and further ex-
pansion of the projects is being supported. In fresh water and
marine fisheries, volunteers surveyed sea and pond resources,
introduced improved methods for harvesting fish, developed
fishing cooperatives, and conducted market research.
During the past year volunteers also continued to work in the
fine arts, teaching music, dance, and ceramics, thereby making
these courses available on a greatly expanded basis. The
Government of El Salvador continues to request volunteers for
a number of unique assignments such as: teaching English in
the National Agricultural School; computerizing the tax
system within the Ministry of Finance; and working with orphans
and mother/child clinics around the country.
El Salvador, the smallest of the Central American countries,
recognizes that a major problem is population. While Peace
Corps/El Salvador does not work in population planning, pro-
gramming areas are not otherwise limited.
- 57 -
GUATEMALA
Population 1 5,190,000 PC first entered : 1 g 6 2
Per capita income : $3 6 0 Current projects : 14
FY 1973 Budget
Staff
U.S. : 2
-
Local : 6
&s of 6130173 Cumulative FYYT3
Trainees : 0
-- Early terminat~ons :
3
- .
- -
-
Single 61
-
- -
.a4- %
2 4 - %
Education 8 %
Health 7_. %
FY 1973 Highlights:
In FY 1973 Peace Corps/Guatemala continued to make significant
contributions in development areas which are of highest priority
to the government. In agriculture, there were projects involving
cooperatives, marketing, research, and rural community develop-
ment. In municipal development, Peace Corps architects, planners,
engineers, and administrators assisted in the design and implemen-
tation of urban infrastructure and management systems. Volunteer
nurses operated child-care clinics and trained counterparts,
while other volunteers assisted in a major reforestation program.
Peace Corps/Guatemalals unique linguistics program has been
expanded yearly since it began in FY 1971. It is designed to
train Indian linguists and create writing systems for the 23
major Mayan languages spoken in Guatemala. Another group of
volunteers has been working with the Behrhorst Clinic which
focuses its resources on the health problems of one-half of the
country's population: the Indians. Finally, a volunteer
fisheries expert has been studying Lake Atitlan to develop a
productive and economical fresh-water fishing industry for the
people who live in the environs of this extremely large lake.
The country has recently suffered from a major teachers' strike,
and it is not known yet if this may be a harbinger of more
turmoil. Although this situation has potential difficulties,
the Peace Corps in Guatemala continues to be regarded as a
welcome contributor to the development process of that country.
- 58 -
HONDURAS
Peace Corps I $739,900
U.S. : 4
Host contribution : $ 9.900
Local : F;
---
As of 6130173
Volunteers : 147
Cumulative FY 1973
Early tt:rrninntions . 29
Trainees :
22-
E,irly terminations :
13-
Sex 7 4 female, 95 r ndl e
- --
Average age . 26 Years
Single 121
Married : familre>, 4 dependents)
48 -- (
7 - -
Agriculture & Rural Development 2 4 Y o
._18-~. %
Education
tiealth 1 0 %
Urban Development & Public Works -- %
Other 5 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Honduras is a country where the Peace Corps functions effectively
in a wide-range of assistance projects. Volunteers working in the
field of health have provided nursing services to thousands of
Hondurans who would have been otherwise unattended; have taught
nursing skills to dozens of student nurses; and have formed
groups to train housewives in nutrition and first aid practices
for the family. The rural development volunteers have formed
fish and agricultural cooperatives; provided extension services
to small-scale farmers; and have taught forest management to
future rangers. (It should be noted that forestry is the
major resource of Honduras.)
In education, volunteers have trained secondary-level science
and math teachers; have formed and administered a music school;
have conducted self-help courses for the blind; and have pro-
vided instruction in science and engineering to university
students when such courses would not be othert7ise available.
Finally, volunteers in infrastructure development have planned
and executed major projects such as markets, bridges, and urban
centers.
- 59 -
NICARAGUA
- -
U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 2,800
Local : 2
As of 6130173 Cumulative FY1973
Sex - 18 female, 2 male
-
Single
- 33
Married :
- 16 ( 1, families, 1. dependents)
Agriculture & Rural Development -- 4 7 %
Business & Public Management -- %
Education 15 %
Health 29 %
Urban Development & Public Works -- 9 %
Other %
FY 1973 Highlights:
During the five years that the Peace Corps has worked in Nicaragua,
several programming areas have been emphasized. Volunteers working
in agricultural extension have provided technical expertise and
credit information to small scale farmers. In the health field
volunteers have developed local potable water systems, hospital
maintenance programs, and nutrition classes for groups of house-
wives. Other volunteers provided assistance to small businessmen,
taught music education and engineering at the university level,
and developed community projects.
A continuing difficulty for the Peace Corps operation in Nicaragua
has been the lack of developed economic and political structures
at the local level which has hindered the organization of priorities,
setting of goals, and concrete planning. Furthermore, the structures
that exist for conducting national development operations were
centered in Managua. Thus, when the devastating earthquake struck,
it destroyed not only the major mechanisms for political and economic
activities, but also the centers of educational, medical, cultural,
and financial activity. This combined with an acute drought of
two years' duration has complicated all development efforts.
Af t e r t h e ear t hquake i t s e l f , vol unt e e r s performed numerous s m a l l
a c t s of her oi sm. For i n s t a n c e , a vol unt e e r e l e c t r i c a l l i neman
and h i s Ni car aguan crew r i s k e d t h e i r l i v e s t o r e s t o r e power t o
30-40% of t h e c i t y and t o remove deadl y l i n e s and c a bl e s .
Numerous v o l u n t e e r s hel ped t o d i g peopl e o u t of r ubbl e , whi l e
ot he r s worked i n t e n t h o s p i t a l s and t e n t c i t i e s , and i n d i s -
t r i b u t i n g food. One vol unt e e r i s now s upe r vi s i ng t h e con-
s t r u c t i o n ( under CARE) of el ement ar y s chool s i n Managua.
THE CARIBBEAN
English is the common denominator linking the countries
which make up the Peace Corps' Caribbean area: Belize (formerly
called British Honduras), Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean
islands of Barbados, Montserrat, St. Lucia, St. Kitts-Nevis,
Antigua, Grenada and St. Vincent. They also share a British
colonial past (with the exception of Montserrat, which is still
a British crown colony) and a Caribbean coastline, but it is
the English language that distinguishes them from the other
French, Spanish, and Portuguese-speaking countries of Latin
America.
The Peace Corps' work in this area has had a distinct edu-
cational emphasis since the original group of volunteer teachers
was sent to St. Lucia in 1961. In FY 1973, education remained
the principal focus of Peace Corps' activities in the Caribbean.
The reason for this emphasis is the importance given to this
sector by the host country governments. It is the first
development priority in Jamaica and the Eastern Caribbean
islands. In fact, these governments continue to request more
teachers, trainers and educational specialists than the Peace
Corps can supply.
In FY 1973, Peace Corps continued the trend established
over the past few years of placing volunteers in jobs that
have a potentially high "multiplier effect." Volunteers worked
principally as teacher trainers, curriculum experts, or in
special education where local teachers were not available. In
Jamaica more than half of the 200 volunteers in FY 1973 were
training Jamaican teachers. Their work has been so successful
that Jamaica will soon be able to do without Peace Corps
assistance in this area as growing numbers of trained Jamaicans
replace volunteers in these jobs. As other countries develop
the capacity to meet their needs in education, Peace Corps
expects that the Jamaica situation in teacher training will be
repeated throughout the area.
A new development in FY 1973 was the increase in requests
for volunteers in agriculture as the Caribbean countries strive
to become self-sufficient in food production and to diversify
their economies. While they rely heavily upon the promotion
and development of the tourist industry, agriculture remains
the major. social and economic factor in these countries and
represents the principal hope for the future.
BELIZE
FY 1973 Budget
--
Staff
U.S. : 1
Local : 3
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
Sex - 16 female, - 23 male
Single - 23
w e s of project (%) :
-
Education 33 %
Health 2 %
-
Other 2 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
I n accordance wi t h t he na t i ona l development pl an of t he Bel i ze
government, t he Peace Corps has provi ded a s s i s t a nc e i n t h r e e
maj or ar eas : educat i on, a gr i c ul t ur e and busi ness admi ni s t r at i on.
During F Y 1973, a g r i c u l t u r a l pr oj e c t s which were desi gned t o
hel p t h e smal l farmer i nc r e a s e cr op pr oduct i on were gi ven .
p a r t i c u l a r emphasis by bot h government agenci es and t he Peace
Corps. I n one such e f f o r t , vol unt eer s were i nst r ument al i n t h e
i n i t i a t i o n of a cor n pr oduct i on pr oj e c t which was sponsored by
t h e Mi ni s t r y of Agr i cul t ur e and funded al most e n t i r e l y t hrough
CAF.E. These vol unt eer s of f e r e d smal l f ar mer s a s s i s t a nc e i n
improving pr oduct i on t echni ques, and o v e r a l l farm management
and a l s o c a r r i e d out r es ear ch pr oj e c t s such a s t e s t i n g p o t e n t i a l
net7 f e r t i l i z e r s . Ul t i mat el y, t he Government hopes t o i nc r e a s e
t he na t i ona l yi e l d l e v e l f o r expor t pr oduct s , a f a c t o r which
would g r e a t l y be ne f i t t h e na t i ona l economy.
The Peace Corps i n Bel i ze cont i nued t o pr ovi de a s s i s t a nc e i n
ot he r development a r e a s as w e l l . Vol unt eer engi neer s and
a r c h i t e c t s hel ped t o bui l d new r oads and t o pl an urban bui l di ng
si t es i n t h e new c a p i t a l of Belmopan.
Bel i ze, t h e onl y remai ni ng Br i t i s h Colony i n Ce nt r a l America,
i s expect ed t o emerge as an i ndependent count r y i n t h e near
f ut ur e . Independence w i l l not di mi ni sh t h e need f o r e xt e r na l
a s s i s t a nc e , but it may br i ng a s t r onger f e e l i n g o f nat i onal i sm
and a d e s i r e f o r less dependency on out s i de s our ces of a s s i s t a nc e
such as t h e Peace Corps.
EASTERN CARIBBEAN
Population : (Individual Countries PC first entered : 19 6 1
Per c'ipita income : listed below) Current projects : 11
FY 1973 Budget
- Staff
Peace Corps : $840,000 U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 14 , 600 Local : 5
Volur\teers : 17 2 Early terminations : 20
Trainees :
- -
Single - 175
Married : 6 9 ( 7 families, 14 dependents)
T y p e s of project (%) :
Education 8 4 %
Health 5 %
Other 1 %
Antigua
Barbados
Grenada
Montserrat
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Population
FY 1973 Highlights:
Per capita income
In the Lesser Antilles or the Leeward, Windward Islands which
make up the Eastern Caribbean, education has always been viewed
as an important component of development efforts. The Depart-
ment of Education at the University of the West Indies con-
tinues to be the guiding force for innovations in educational
methodologies for the entire Qribbean. Through cooperation
with that University, the Peace Corps has recently been able
to develop education projects which conform to the needs of
students, whether they cnntinue their education in their
home territory or migrate to other countries. The Peace
Corps' greatest impact in FY 1973 was in the successful implemen-
tation of teacher training, vocational and trades training, and
curriculum development projects. New aregs of assistance are
presently being explored by the Peace Corps and the seven
governments ~f the Caribbean as other needs, particularly in
agriculture and health, begin to take precedence over education.
Although the islands in the Eastern Caribbean appear to have
similar economic and social problems, each of the seven countries
that together make up the Peace Corps/Eastern Caribbean operation
has its own un$que problems. The political and economic situ-
ations vary with each country and Peace Corps has to adjust
and readjust programs accordingly. The Peace Corps operation
in the Caribbean, which is administered from Barbados, has
thus far been able to adapt to the changes occuring in the
political and economic structures of the different countries.
JAMAICA
Population : 1, 888, 000 PC first entered : 1962
-
#
!-Y 1973 Budget Staff
Peace Corps : $1,033,900 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 5
- 3,700
Local :
Tra~nees :
-
- -
Single ?n
-
- -
m e s of project (%) :
Education 27 %
Health 1 0 %
-
Other 5 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
I t i s es t i mat ed t h a t Jamai ca' s pr e s e nt popul at i on of near l y two
mi l l i on w i l l i ncr eas e t o 2.5 mi l l i on by 1980. F i f t y per cent of
t h e popul at i on i s under t he age of 15 year s , whi l e peopl e be-
tween t he ages of 5 and 19 make up 70% of t h e t o t a l popul at i on,
Educat i on, t he r e f or e , a s wel l a s t he development of employment
oppor t uni t i e s , i s of paramount i mport ance t o t h e Government of
Jamai ca. The Peace Corps has been i ns t r ument al i n advances
which have been made i n t he f i e l d of educat i on over t he p a s t
few year s .
The f ocus of programs dur i ng F Y 1973 cont i nued t o be on educat i on,
wi t h p a r t i c u l a r emphasis gi ven t o t eacher - t r ai ni ng, i n- s er vi ce
wor.kshops f o r t eacher s , and t o t hos e a r e a s concerned wi t h up-
da t i ng c r i t i c a l cur r i cul um el ement s. I n a ddi t i on t o educat i on,
vol unt eer s are now working on a smal l scale i n a gr i c ul t ur a l co-
ope. r at i ves, a g r i c u l t u r a l r es ear ch and ext ens i on, t r ades and
vocat i onal t r a i ni ng, and home economics bot h i n school s and
a s : par t of ext ens i on work i n r u r a l vi l l a ge s .
SOUTH AMERICA
Five of the eight South American countries in which Peace
Corps serves -- Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and Venezuela --
are characterized by a fairly large domestic market, high to
medium per capita incomes, high to medium literacy and a some-
what developed infrastructure. These countries are requesting
highly skilled and technically oriented volunteers to work
with national agencies in developing various sectors of the
national economy. Paraguay, Uruguay and Ecuador are characterized
by smaller domestic markets, lower levels of per capita income
and literacy, and a less developed infrastructure. Volunteer
requests from these countries reflect the more basic develop-
mental needs in agriculture and health.
Agriculture assistance was, and will continue to be, Peace
Corps' major contribution in the region. Productivity trends
are not sufficient to meet expanding needs and this sector has
failed to meet the employment needs of the rural population.
Host country requests run the gamut from soil scientists,
agriculture technicians, skilled fam-ers, conservationists, and
forest economists, to farm and market economists, Thirty-four
percent of the volunteers are working in crop and animal
extension, cooperatives and agricultural planning and research.
Other national priorities, especially in the larger countries,
are urban development, business and education. Thirty percent
of the volunteers are working in education projects (including
teacher training, university education and vocational training)
which are designed to create the cadres of teachers, technicians
and skilled tradesmen necessary to developing economies. Twenty-
three percent of the volunteers are involved with business and
urban development. Because of rural to urban migration, these
countries have placed great emphasis on city planning, municipal
management and the development of small businesses and industry.
Peace Corps civil engineers, architects, city planners, MBAs
and draftsmen have made significant contributions in helping
these nations cope with the increasing urban population and
related problems.
- 68 -
BRAZIL
per capita income : $4 2 0 Current projects : 54
FY 1973 Budget
- S* f
Peace Corps : $2,880,300 U.S. : 16
Host contribution : $ 50,4 0 0 Local : 19
Trainees :
--
!;ex 100 female, 183 male
- -
!jingle 191
-
- - -
,4griculture & Rural Development 35 %
13usiness & Public Management 17 %
I!ducation 9 %
Iiealth 26 %
IJrban Development & Public Works 1 0 %
Other 3 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Cor ps / Br azi l ' s most s i g n i f i c a n t c ont r i but i ons dur i ng FY 1973
have been i n t h e f i e l d s of he a l t h c a r e and a gr i c ul t ur a l development.
The pr i nc i pl e of u n i t management i n h o s p i t a l admi ni s t r at i on was
i nt r oduced by Peace Corps vol unt eer s t hr ough t h e s t a f f of a maj or
t eachi ng f a c i l i t y , t he Hos pi t al das Cl i ni c a s i n Belo Hori zont e.
Ot her vol unt eer s set up a system f o r de l i ve r i ng heal t h c a r e
s e r vi c e s i n r u r a l Minas Ger ai s , where such care t r a d i t i o n a l l y
has been s cant y o r unavai l abl e. Both of t he s e heal t h- r el at ed
programs show g r e a t p o t e n t i a l f o r i mpl ement at i on t hroughout
Br a z i l . I n cooper at i on wi t h f e de r a l l a bor a t or i e s i n Minas Ger ai s, .
two vol unt eer s s e t up a food and dr ug t e s t i n g u n i t and e s t a bl i s he d
minimum s t andar ds f o r many pr oduct s.
I n a g r i c u l t u r e , t he Peace Corps i s r ecogni zed f o r i t s r o l e i n
i nt r oduci ng many new pr a c t i c e s i n c a t t l e and cr op ext ens i on,
' vet er i nar y medi ci ne, and r u r a l c r e d i t . The r e s u l t s of t he s e
p r a c t i c e s were p a r t i c u l a r l y evi dent i n t h e l a r g e s t a t e of Mato
Grosso dur i ng t h e pa s t year .
- 69 -
CHILE
per capita income : $720 Current projects : 18
FY 1973 Budnet Staff
U.S. : 2
Local : 5
Trainees :
-
Average age :
- 30 years
Single
10
-
Education 40 %
Health %
Other 4 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Corps volunteers in Chile were able to make significant
contributions during the past fiscal year, particularly in the
areas of environmental sciences and international athletic com-
petition. The majority of Chile's volunteers are highly skilled
(many with Ph.Ds and M.A.s) and are generally assigned to major
agencies and institutions on an individual basis. Volunteers
working with the faculties of national universities taught
courses in wildlife, forestry, conservation and water sanitation.
Others were involved in major national park and wildlife surveys;
conservation, timber, and waste disposal feasibility studies;
and in a canal construction and water diversion project.
At the request of the Chilean Olympic Committee, three experienced
volunteers coached the National Chilean men's and women's basket-
ball and swimming teams in preparation for the 1975 Santiago
Pan American Games.
Chi l e i s a t e ns e and d i f f i c u l t count r y i n which t o work. During
t h e p a s t months, t h e r e have been maj or t r ucki ng, mi ni ng, and
commercial s t r i k e s , and t r a ns por t a t i on and food s hor t ages . The
i n f l a t i o n r a t e exceeded 300% dur i ng F Y 1973. Most r e c e nt l y
t h e r e was a mi l i t a r y coup r e s u l t i n g i n t h e de a t h of Pr e s i de nt
Sal vador Al l ende. Duri ng t he s e d i f f i c u l t t i m e s , Peace Corps/
Chi l e s t a f f have worked c l os e l y wi t h t h e U. S. Embassy and
Chi l ean agency s uper vi s or s t o as s ur e vol unt eer s a f e t y and
s uppor t . Despi t e t he s e problems, t he Peace Corps cont i nued t o
r e c e i ve t he suppor t of var i ous Chi l ean agenci es, and t h e govern-
ment commission r es pons i bl e f o r r evi ewi ng vol unt eer r e que s t s
cont i nues t o approve r eques t s f o r new vol unt eer s .
- 71 -
COLOMBIA
FY 1973 Budget Stnff
Peace Corps : $1,783,200 U.S. : 7
Host contribution : $ 4 2 ,0 0 0 Local : 12
Volunteers :
Trainees :
-
27 years
-
Average age :
Single 237
-
- - -
Education 1 3 %
Health 11 %
Other 9 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
In FY 1973 two of Peace Corps/Colombia's most successful projects
were in the areas of agriculture and small business assistance.
Volunteers with degrees in business administration, accounting,
marketing, and industrial engineering continued to provide
technical assistance to Colombian small and medium-sized
businesses. An average yearly increase of 15% in the production
of these businesses has been evident since volunteer assistance
began.
Last year the agriculture program was expanded to include assign-
ments in research and planning, as well as new positions in the
established areas of cattle management and crop extension. The
overall objective of these programs is to increase the productivity
of the medium to low-income farmers. To date, over 11,000 co-
workers and farmers have directly benefitted from volunteer
assistance.
The Peace Corps program in Colombia has been strengthened over
the past year. Volunteer and staff morale is high, as evidenced
by a decline in volunteer and trainee attrition. Peace Corps'
ties with host country agencies have been strengthened by
establishing a system for joint program planning and evaluation
which is coordinated through the National Planning Agency.
Moreover, a closer working relationship with the U.S. Embassy,
A.I.D., and other U.S. Government agencies has been established.
- 72 -
ECUADOR
-
FY 1973 Budget
Peace Cor ~s : $1,546,200
Staff
U.S. : 4
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
3 4 Early terminations : 6 ,
Sex 57 female, - 162 male
Average age : years
Single . . - 137
-
u > e s of project (%) :
Education 8 %
Health 10 %
FY 197-3 Highlights:
In mid-1972 the Ecuadorean government drew up a new five-year
development plan which already has had some impact on Peace
Corps activities and which will be a major influence on future
programming. Agriculture has been identified as the country's
second highest priority. Forty-five percent of the volunteers
in Ecuador work in agriculture and various development activities
in the rural areas where more than half the population lives.
Volunteers are assigned to projects in beef and dairy cattle,
sheep, swine, rice, cotton, vegetables, and tree plantations;
and to rural development programs such as electrification,
school construction, leadership training, and land surveying.
Vol.unteers are also working in the education sector as vocational
education instructors, as faculty members of two engineering
scklools; and as teachers in primary and secondary schools
throughout Ecuador. Other volunteer jobs include technical
assistance to small businesses, para-medical training, city
planning, and urban community organization.
- 73 -
PARAGUAY
Peace Corps : $450,600 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 23 ,900 Local : 4
Volunteers : 56
6
Trainees : 14
Sex
37 female, 3 3 male
-
Single T?f
Married : 6 ( - 2 families, - 3 dependents)
Business & Public Management 3%
Education 32 %
Health 18 %
Other
FY 1973 Highlights:
In Paraguay relatively significant results have been possible with
a modest application of trained manpower resources. It is a country
where a volunteer with general skills can have real impact. Peace
Corps/Paraguay focuses heavily on rural development projects in
the interior, as the plight of the small farmer and his family
is Paraguay's challenge for the future. Throughout FY 1973 volun-
teers continued to work closely with government agencies in pro-
viding assistance for agricultural marketing cooperatives and
crop extension work. The goal of these projects is to upgrade
production and distribution of foodstuffs.
Other volunteers worked to raise the living standards of rural
families, primarily in the areas of food nutrition, home improve-
ment, health, and child care. Education is another sector using
volunteer skills and expertise for in-service teacher training
at both the secondary and primary levels. Health needs run the
gamut of family health problems, but disease control and nutrition
remain uppermost. The Peace Corps responded to these needs by
providing health educators, trained nurses, and environmental
sanitation personnel.
PERU
lzY 1973 Budget Staff
Peace Corps : $1,063,300 U.S. : 5
Host contribution :
- 1, 000
Local : g
23
Trainees : 35 3
Sex
Average age :
2 8 female, 10 5 male
- -
27 years
-
Single
1 0 4
-
T31es of project. (%) :
3 7 %
Education
Health
+;
FY 1973 Highlights:
Throughout F Y 1973 t h e Peace Corps program i n Peru cont i nued
t o pr ovi de s i g n i f i c a n t a s s i s t a nc e i n t h r e e ba s i c ar eas : a gr i -
c u l t u r e , educat i on, and ear t hquake redevel opment . The major
p r i o r i t y of t he Government of Peru i s a gr a r i a n reform and
development. Vol unt eer s assi gned t o t h e Mi ni s t r y of Agri cul -
t u r e have been i nvol ved i n pr oj e c t s desi gned t o a s s i s t t he
smal l peasant farmer wi t h pr oduct i on and market i ng of beef ,
da: ~r y c a t t l e , swi ne, and var i ous cr ops. Recent l y, vol unt eer s
were r equest ed t o work wi t h mi ni s t r y admi ni s t r at or s and t echni -
c i a ns i n a g r i c u l t u r a l pl anni ng.
Ot her vol unt eer s , working wi t h t h e Mi ni s t r y of Educat i on, have
been i nvol ved i n t eacher t r a i ni ng a t t he el ement ary and secondary
school l e ve l .
During t he pa s t year t h e Peace Corps cont i nued t o pr ovi de vol un-
t e e r c a r pe nt e r s , dr af t smen, masons, and c i v i l engi neer s t o ORDEZA,
t h e government agency r es pons i bl e f o r r e h a b i l i t a t i n g and r ebui l d-
i ng t he a r e a ravaged by t he May 1970 ear t hquake. Vol unt eer s have
been i nvol ved i n t h i s pr oj e c t s i nc e s h o r t l y a f t e r t he quake,
cons t r uct i ng r oads and housi ng, desi gni ng sewerage and pot abl e
wat er f a c i l i t i e s , and working on i r r i g a t i o n pr oj e c t s .
One ope r a t i ona l hi ghl i ght of 1973 wa s a s h i f t t o i n-count ry
t r a i n i n g . The t r a i n i n g r e- or gani zat i on r e s ul t e d i n reduced
c o s t and improved programming.
URUGUAY
Population : 2,886,OOO
Peace Corps : $84,200 U.S. : 1
Host contribution : S 700 Local : 1
As af 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers : 3
Trainees : 0
Sex
Average age :
2 female, 1 male
- -
35 years
Single 1
Married : 7 (
Education 3 3 %
Health -- %
Urban Develooment & Public Works %
Other %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Due to diminished support from the Government of Uruguay and
current fiscal constraints, Peace Corps will temporarily sus-
pend activity in Uruguay in the near future. Remaining volun-
teers have been transferred to other countries where appropriate
use will be made of their skills and experiences.
While in Uruguay, volunteers worked to increase production and
quality of traditional export items, such as beef and wool, and
such non-traditional exports as citrus fruits and vegetable
crops. Volunteers served as extensionists for small citrus pro-
ducers and assisted in the development of a citrus cooperative
organization. One volunteer, starting from scratch, developed
weaving equipment, looms, and spinning wheels, recruited and
trained women in the use of this equipment, and established a
spinning and weaving cooperative.
Although the Peace Corps is leaving Uruguay at this time, the
possibility of returning sometime in the future remains open.
VENEZUELA
Percapi tai ncome: $980
-
FY 1973 Budget S M f
Peace Corps : $1,042,100 U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 58.200 Local : q
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
2
31
Trainees :
-
22
Sex
Average age :
Sinnle
52 female, 99 male
28 years
67
u
-
Qpes of project (%) :
Business & Public Management 2L%
Education 32 %
Health 2 %
Other 5 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Since the Peace Corps first began operations in Venezuela in
1962, approximately 1,200 volunteers have served there. Over
th2 years, Peace Corps/Venezuela has gained a certain amount
of maturity and has become increasingly more integrated into
the government's national goals. Volunteers have worked with
the Ministry of Education to implement a new physical education
curriculum through teacher training. Other volunteers have
been requested to fill highly technical teaching positions in
universities and vocational schools. Working with the Ministry
of Agriculture, volunteers have been involved in improved crop
and livestock production as well as resource conservation and
development. Volunteer architects and city planners have helped
to improve the ability of local municipalities to deal with an
increasingly complex urban society. In health, volunteers
worked to improve hospital administration and environmental
sanitation. These and other projects are fully integrated with
the nation's developmental agencies and assure the Peace Corps'
continuing role in Venezuela's growth.
NORTH AFRICA, NEAR EAST, ASIA AND PACIFIC REGION
The North Africa, Near East, Asia, and Pacific (NANEAP)
Region of the Peace Corps is an administrative unit with a
program size approximately equal to those of the Africa and
Latin America Regions. Beginning with Morocco in North
Africa, the NANEAP Region stretches eastward to Micronesia
in the Pacific Ocean.
The countries within the NANEAP Region vary considerably
in culture, language, geography, and levels of development.
Collectively they account for approximately 900,000,000
people, about one-fourth of the world's population.
The continuing need for developmental assistance in
this region is clear. With an average per capita income
of $140, Peace ~orps'host countries have an average literacy
rate of only 33% and only one doctor per 18,500 people. The
average life expectancy is only 50 years of age,
For the purposes of this report, the NANEAP Region has
been divided into three geographical sub-regions: North
Africa and the Near East, Asia, and the Pacific. Individual
country profiles follow brief overviews of each of the three
sub-regions .
NORTH AFRICA AND THE NEAR EAST
The North African and Middle Eastern countries served
by the Peace Corps have varied needs. Morocco and Tunisia
are agrarian countries making rapid strides toward moderni-
zation and industrialization. The island nation of Malta is
attempting to achieve moderate industrialization and eoonomic
self-reliance while reducing its dependence on trade and
commerce related to military installations. Iran is perhaps
the most highly developed country in the region and has the
most sophisticated and specialized development needs. In ,
Afghanistan a series of natural disasters, including major
drought and famine, has caused severe setbacks to develop-
ment efforts.
Over the past year, this region underwent the greatest
expansion in numbers of countries requesting Peace Corps
volunteers. Program agreements and other arrangements for
entering Bahrain, Oman and Yemen were successfully concluded.
Well over half of the volunteers serving in this area
work in education. Fiscal 1973 saw the continued expansion
of Peace Corps involvement in vocational education, a rela-
tively new field of endeavor in this part of the world. The
potential for these projects has been fulfilled most success-
fully in Iran where volunteers have authored textbooks and
taught their trades to thousands of primary and secondary
level students, helping them to gain employment or go on to
h~-gher education opportunities.
Almost one-fourth of the volunteers in this region worked
i n agriculture or rural development and substantial numbers
of architects and urban planners served in Morocco, Tunisia
and Iran. In Tunisia, where projects in architecture and
urban affairs began in 1962, volunteers have designed over
150 buildings, restored more than 50 monuments and completed
50 town plans.
Other significant areas of Peace Corps assistance include
mother-child health care, nutrition, nursing and tuberculosis
co,ntrol. In Afghanistan, four TB control teams in the past
year trained twelve counterparts, established four provincial
clinics, expanded the TB control program to eight other basic
health service clinics, began treatment of 1,000 patients and
innoculated 10,000 more.
- 79 -
AFGHANISTAN
Per capita income : $80 Current projects : 3 4
Peace Corps : $1,526,900 U.S. : 9
Volunteers :
Trainees :
-
Single 150
-
Agriculture & Rural Development l n %
Education 55 %
Health 13 %
Other 9 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Accomplishments by Peace Corps volunteers in two famine relief
projects, Food-for-Work and Operation Blp, were outstanding in
FY 1973. Volunteers were the major force in organizing rural
community members to build thousands of miles of rural roads and
in facilitating distribution of food and life-sustaining supplies
to 250,000 drought-stricken people. This extraordinary task was
praised publicly by the Prime Minister and the U.S. Ambassador.
In the field of health, Peace Corps volunteers completed the
first year of a very successful tuberculosis control project.
Volunteers organized four TB clinics in provincial capitals,
brought more than 50,000 TB patients under treatment, and
innoculated thousands more with the preventive BCG shot. Organi-
zation of the clinics has resulted in the utilization of medi-
cines available to Afghanistan through W.H.O. which previously
were unused. The Health Ministry's satisfaction and enthusiasm
for the project resulted in requests for additional volunteers
to increase the number of clinics to ten and continue to expand
the project over the next five years.
The Peace Corps in Afghanistan was faced with several problems,
however, arising from the recent coup d'etat. The aftermath of
the coup left several of the ministries unsettled resulting 5-n
the cancellation of the Food-for-Work Program and the Supreme
Court Professional Services Program. The new government appears
to be supportive of Peace Corps, but the period of reorgani-
zation may present some problems and changes which the Peace
Corps will have to be ready to meet. Earlier this year an
agriculture program was also cancelled due to a last minute
change in attitude in the Ministry about the qualification of
volunteers needed.
IRAN
per capita income : $3 8 0 Current projects : 31
FY 1973 Budget
Host contribution : $ 108 , 4 00
Staff
U.S. : 5
Local : 12
Sex 2 9 female, 14 9 male
- -
Single 136
Education F%
Health %
Urban Development & Public Works 5%
FY 1973 Highlights:
Peace Corps continued its expansion in the priority area of
vocational education in FY 1973. The Iranian government con-
tinues to open more rural vocational schools and place volun-
teers as technical instructors. Requests for 90 more volun-
teers indicate the Iranian government's interest in and sup-
port for this important program which trains thousands of
young men who would be otherwise unemployable. The Iranian
government has also increased its financial support of the
program with an addition of $60,000 to already substantial
host country contributions. All signs point to a stable,
well utilized Peace Corps program.
The only significant problem has been in recruiting and placing
enough volunteers with the necessary qualifications for the
vocational education and agriculture projects.
- 82 -
MALTA
Population : 330,000 PC first entered : 19 7 0
-
FY 1973 Budget
Peitce Corps : $8,400
Staff
U.S. : 0
Host contribution : - Local : 0
As of 6130173
Volunteers : 3
Trainees : 0
Cumulative FY 1973
Earlv terminations : 0
-
-
Single 1
-
-
Dpes of project (%) :
Education 60 %
Health %
-
Other 33 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
F'Y 1973 saw t h e s ucces s f ul compl et i on of t h r e e year s of s e r vi c e
by f our of t he o r i g i n a l seven vol unt eer s s e n t t o Mal t a i n
1970. The Mal t a program has been one cf t h e few s t a f f l e s s
i.n-country programs i n Peace Corps.
PLS of Oct ober 1973 t h e r e were no vol unt e e r s i n Mal t a. However,
t h e Peace Corps has r ecei ved r eques t s from t h e pr es ent govern-
ment, and a new vol unt eer group i s expect ed t o be s e nt t o
Mal t a dur i ng F Y 1974.
- 83 -
MOROCCO
Peace Corps : $1,407,700 U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 4 2 , 500 Local : 6
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
69 Earlyterminations: 6
Sex 8 5 female, 14 8 male
- -
Single 179
-
-
Education 70 %
Health 7 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
The Peace Corps program in Morocco continued to reflect the
Moroccan government's top priorities: agriculture, urban
planning, and education. As needs and objectives shift within
government programs, the Peace Corps tries to adapt to these
changes. For example, the architecture program has moved
towards urban planning--the remodeling of city centers and
construction of low-cost housing--to help the Ministry of
Interior deal with the country's urban growth crisis.
The University of Minnesota Agriculture Intern Program provided
exceptionally well-qualified agriculture volunteers in FY 1973.
In this program, interested and qualified University of
Minnesota students take a Moroccan-oriented agricultural
development seminar during their senior year before entering
Peace Corps summer training.
About 70 of the 100 volunteers in education are teachers of
English, with the others serving in such projects as physical
education teacher training, kindergarten and day care instruction,
and secretarial training. The Government of Morocco has re-
quested additional volunteers to train physical education teachers
and teach health and nutrition to Moroccan women in charge of
daycare centers.
- 84 -
TUNISIA
Pcrpulation : 5, 075, 000
Percapi tai ncome: $250
-
U.S. : 4
Host contribution : $111, 000
Local : 8
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
-
- -
-
Single 69
-
Married : 44 ( 5 families, 8
-
dependents)
-
Qyes of project (%) :
Education 67 %
Health 3 %
-
Other 3 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Duri ng i t s t e n ye a r s of s e r v i c e i n Tuni s i a , t h e Peace Corps has
devot ed most of i t s vol unt e e r s t r e n g t h t o t h e t e a c hi ng of
Engl i s h i n Tuni s i an s chool s . Up t o 70% of t h e vol unt e e r s
have been Engl i s h t e a c he r s , wi t h t h e r emai nder s e r vi ng mai nl y
i n a r c h i t e c t u r e and phys i c a l educat i on programs.
The Peace Corps program i n Tuni s i a moved i n t o new a r e a s i n
F Y 1973 wi t h vol unt e e r s worki ng i n voc a t i ona l e duc a t i on,
a g r i c u l t u r e , and medi cal t echnol ogy.
Bot h t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l and a g r i c u l t u r a l programs stress t h e
t r a i n i n g of Tuni s i an co-workers a s w e l l a s t h e performance of
t e c h n i c a l j obs. The e a r l y s uc c e s s e s of Peace Corps vol unt e e r
a r c h i t e c t s w e r e measured i n t e r m s of numbers of b u i l d i n g s
des i gned and b u i l t and town pl a ns accept ed. Today t h e ai ms
of t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l services program a r e s h i f t i n g t o t e a c hi ng,
r u r a l town pl anni ng and l ow-cost housi ng r e s e a r c h and de s i gn.
Vol unt eer s a l s o a r e t e a c hi ng a t t h e s chool s of a r c h i t e c t u r e
and e ngi ne e r i ng a t t h e Uni ve r s i t y of Tuni s.
A s more e xpe r i e nc e i s ga i ne d, s i g n i f i c a n t improvements a r e
expect ed d u r i n g 1974. A new s t a f f p o s i t i o n of Program Of f i c e r
was c r e a t e d t o s t r e ngt he n o v e r a l l pl anni ng and i mpl ement at i on
of Peace Cor ps / Tuni s i a 8s programs.
ASIA
Several of the most sizeable Peace Corps programs are
found in Asia. Malaysia hosts the largest Peace Corps operation
in the world and possesses the strongest economy in Southeast
Asia. The cooperation and technical assistance provided by
volunteers have been important United States contributions
to Malaysia's development, particularly since there is no
A.I.D. program in the country.
In contrast, there is a sizeable American presence in
Korea, Thailand and the Philippines. In these countries as
well as in India, population control, agricultural develop-
ment, industrialization and export promotion are the high
priority goals.
The mountain kingdom of Nepal is the least developed
country in the region. Since its population and economic
base are largely rural, increased agricultural productivity
and expanded educational opportunities are crucial to its
continued progress.
The majority of the volunteers in this region work in
education. Projects include teaching English as a foreign
language (TEFL), science and mathematics instruction and
teacher training. In Thailand and Korea, the Peace Corps has
made substantial contributions at both the secondary and
university levels, as well as in in-service teacher training.
Last year in Thailand, for example, volunteers taught nearly
20,000 students, conducted seminars for 1,200 elementary and
secondary school teachers, and participated in ten workshops
to provide additional training for 800 Thai English teachers.
It is noteworthy that the Thai Ministry of Education provided
all necessary support for this project, including travel and
livizlg allowances for the volunteers.
Agricultural assistance is another important Peace Corps
activity throughout the region. In Nepal, Thailand and the
Philippines, volunteers work in agricultural extension and
development, and similar projects are being developed in
Malaysia. In the Philippines and Nepal, Peace Corps fisheries
projects have had considerable impact. For example, in Nepal
a fisheries.extension project begun in 1970 has resulted in
the training of more than 1,000 Nepalis and the extensive
distribution of fingerlings to fish farmers and pond owners.
Several interesting program developments in FY 1973 hold
rriuch promise for new avenues of Peace Corps assistance to the
region. The Nepali government, whose current five-year plan
calls for a 25% increase in food production, requested a
group of volunteers to teach vocational agricylture. In
the Philippines the Peace Corps was asked t~ provide volun-
t.eers to work in regional planning, reforestation and rural
electrification projects. 1.n Korea a highly successful
project in tuberculosis control prompted the government to
request Peace Corps volunteers for a similar effort in leprosy
control. Also significant was the fact that India, after
a two-year hiatus, has again requested volunteers.
- 87 -
INDIA
F Y 1973 Budget Staff
U.S. : 5
Local : 4
As of 6130173 Cumulative F Y 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
Sex
Average age :
7 female, 69 male
-
2-5 years
-
Single
62
Married :
( 0 families, 0 dependents)
Business & Public Managkment %
Education 20 %
Health %
FY 1973 Highlights:
No statement about the major achievements or failures of the
Peace Corps in India can be made without general reference to
the fact that during the period from 1971 until the summer
of 1973 the very existence of the program was in severe
jeopardy. Largely because of the India-Pakistan war, as well
as an increased desire for self-reliance in all areas, the
Government of India began the year by imposing a freeze on
the implementation of all Peace Corps program requests being
sent to them from the State governments. This absolute re-
striction was lifted in August 1972, when the central govern-
ment informed the Peace Corps that in the future no country
would be allowed to supply more than 50 volunteers to India's
developmental programs. The deadline for reaching this level
was set at January 1974. This date, incidentally, was estab-
lished in exclusive deference to the Peace Corps program so
that the limit could be reached through normal attrition of
groups completing their service, and so that no dislocation
of volunteers would be necessary.
It is against this very restrictive background, therefore, that
Peace Corps accomplishments in India should be perceived and
measured. During FY 1973 the Peace Corps in India:
* devel oped a s t r a t e gy f o r program development and
vol unt eer s uppor t wi t hi n t h e 50 vol unt eer l i mi t a t i on
and reduced and r eor gani zed t he s t a f f accor di ngl y.
* r e f i ne d a maj or new t r a i ni ng and programming methodol-
ogy ( Cr i t e r i on Referenced I ns t r uc t i on) which has
s i nc e become s t andar d f o r a l l Peace Corps t r a i ni ng
and programming t hroughout t he r egi on.
- 89 -
REPUBLIC OF KOREA
U.S. : 6
Host contribution : $ 16 9 , 5 00
~ o c a l : 21
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
Trainees :
-
Average age :
27 years -
Single 233'
-
-
Business & Public ~ai a~ement %
Education 73 %
Health 20 %
Other %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Because Koreans pl ace a hi gh p r i o r i t y on l ear ni ng Engl i sh a s a
s o c i a l and economic development t o o l , t h e Peace Corps program
i n Korea i s heavi l y weighted toward t r a i ni ng f ut ur e Engl i sh
i n s t r u c t a r s and t eachi ng Engl i sh i n t he secondary school s and
c ol l e ge s .
One of t h e Peace Corps' main emphases i s t h e s t r engt heni ng of
Engl i sh l anguage i ns t r uc t i on a t col l eges of educat i on where
hundreds of f ut ur e Engl i sh t eacher s are bei ng t r ai ned. Volun-
t e e r s a l s o t each i n Engl i sh depar t ment s a t l i b e r a l ar t s,
s ci ence and pr of es s i onal c ol l e ge s whose gr aduat es need ~ n g l i s h
communication s k i l l s .
The l a r g e s t Engl i sh t eachi ng program i s a t t h e mi ddl e s chool ,
o r j uni or hi gh l e ve l where vol unt eer s a r e working t o upgrade
t h e l anguage s k i l l s of Korean t eacher s of Engl i sh and improve
t h e i r Engl i sh t eachi ng ma t e r i a l s . Vol unt eer s a l s o t each
d i r e c t l y i n mi ddl e school cl assr ooms and hol d workshops f o r
t eacher s i n ot he r school s i n t h e i r d i s t r i c t s .
Other volunteer assignments in Korea include tuberculosis
prevention and control, vocational education, and highly
specialized projects utilizing advanced technical and pro-
fessional skills.
TO help reduce Korea's tuberculosis rate, the second highest
in Asia, volunteers are carrying out immunization programs,
initiating health education projects, identifying new patients
and improving follow-up services in rural areas where tubercu-
losis is prevalent.
Highly specialized volunteers are working in such fields as
speech pathology, audiology, physical therapy, vocational
rehabilitation, nursing, computer programming, forestry,
library science, and urhan and regional planning, with the
goal of improving the skills of their Korean co-workers.
Peace Corps/Korea has in the past year received considerable
encouragement from the Republic of Korea in the form of further
requests for volunteers, particularly in the health field,
where Peace Corps will initiate a Leprosy Control Program
in addition to expanding its work in Tuberculosis Control,
Attrition during training for past health projects had been
a significant problem, especially compared with the low
training attrition for the English teaching groups, but
recent training indicates great improvement in this area.
- 91 -
MALAYSIA
U.S. : 11
Host contribution : $ 13 1,3 00
Local : 16
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Volunteers :
3 0 5 Early terminations : 39
Trainees :
Sex - 137 'female, - 238 male
Single - 269
Education 67 %
Health 9 %
Other 3 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
As the largest Peace Corps progrh in the world, Peace Corps/
Malaysia was pleased to learn of two internal studies conducted
by the host government during FY 1973 confirming the useful-
ness of Peace Corps assistance. The first was a study under-
taken by Malaysia's Economic Planning Unit.
The findings indicated that government officials utilizing
foreign volunteers were in general quite satisfied with the
performance of Peace Corps volunteers and that their per-
formance compared quite favorably to that of volunteers from
Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, New Zealand and the United
Kingdom. Further it was indicated that the general fluency
of Peace Corps volunteers in Bahasa, the national language,
was such that it greatly enhanced their effectiveness at
work and in their general dealings with the Malaysian public.
In this matter especially the Peace Corps was viewed as being
ahead of other groups of foreign volunteers.
The second study was undertaken by the Ministry of Education.
It is a report of the headmasters of the various Malaysian
schools where volunteers have been posted for at least one
year. The results indicate that the education volunteers
subject to this confidential and individual evaluation were
viewed as effective and efficient volunteers in the vast
majority of instances.
- 92 -
NEPAL
per capita income : $80 Current projects : 20
F-Y 1973 Budget
Staff
U.S. : 6
Cumulative FY 1973
Trainees : 1 Earlv terminations : 2 1
Single . . - 118
-
-
l yees of project (%) :
Education 37 %
Health 14 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
The most dramatic development in a single Peace Corps/Nepal
program during FY 1973 involved the volunteers working in
fisheries extension. The southeastern plains region of
Nepal, composed of five districts, had almost no fish fingerling
distribution prior to 1970, in spite of the fact that a great
need existed among Nepalis for an additional protein source.
Existing ponds were used only for watering animals. However,
after the first volunteers began work in fisheries extension
in 1970, the number of fingerlings distributed to fish
farmers leaped from 5,000 to 200,000 in 1973--the result of
diligent efforts by only four volunteers.
An extensive fire in the Government of Nepal's secretariat
building (Singha Durbar) destroyed offices and files in
eight key ministries, and caused great concern over the future
operations of the government. In the aftermath, however, the
Government of Nepal has been able to restore its operations
almost to the pre-fire level and normal Peace Corps programming
has been able to resume.
- 93 -
PHILIPPINES
Per capita income : $21 (3 Current projects : 3 1
Peace Corps : $1,805,600 U.S. : 9
Host contribution : $ 37 I 7 00 Local : 11
Volunteers :
Cumulative FY 1973
. .
Sex
92 female, 156 male
-
Average age : 7% years
Single - 12-5
Education 46 %
Health 4 %
Urban Develo~ment & Public Works 10 %
Other 2 %
During FY 1973 Peace Corps/Philippines reached a peak in its
planning and programming strategy to fully develop programs
in line with the Government of the Philippines' national
priorities. It is widely recognized that agriculture is the
single most important sector of Philippine economy. Today
over one-fourth of the Peace Corps programs are in the area
of agriculture including fisheries, feedgrains, swine,
vegetables, cattle extension/research and rural banks/supervised
credit.
Sianificant in terms of political developments in the Philippines
wai the launching of ~ h e - ~ e w Society. with the declaration of
martial law, the Government of the Philippines has focused
its attention and efforts on increasing the rate of Philippine
development. Again, with agriculture having high priority,
the expertise of Peace Corps volunteers is in great demand.
The only problem related to this increased demand is Peace
Corps' capability to provide the highly qualified, skilled
volunteers through our present supply mechanisms.
THAILAND
-
jZY 1973 Budget Staff
Peace Corps : $1,688,900 U.S. : 6
Host contribution :
- $ 147,200
Local : 17
-
As of 6130173
Cumulative FY 1973
Trainees :
-
Sex
99 fern,
Average age :
28 yea
Single
242
-
Married : 26 (
T ~ ) e s of project (96) :
Business & Public Management , 2 %
Education 79 %
Health 8 %
ale, 1 6 9 male
-
rs
FY 1973 Highlights:
The Royal Thai Government has assi gned t op p r i o r i t y t o na t ur e
educat i on and wi l d l i f e pr es er vat i on. To assi st i n meet i ng
Tki ai l and' s growing needs i n t h i s f i e l d , Peace Corps pr ovi ded
vol unt eer s wi t h a v a r i e t y of s p e c i f i c s k i l l s . They a r e now
a s s i s t i n g i n t h e development of Nat ur e Educat i on Cent er s and
working i n wi l d l i f e management and r es ear ch.
The r e l a t i v e l y smal l suppl y of a ppl i c a nt s i n f i e l d s such a s
engi neer i ng and a gr i c ul t ur e made it d i f f i c u l t f o r Peace Corps
t o compl et el y f i l l t he Royal Thai Government' s r eques t s f o r
vol unt eer s i n i t s community and l and development programs and
l e d t o a r e- eval uat i on and l oweri ng of t h e l e ve l of s k i l l s
r equi r ed.
The Pa c i f i c count r i es i n which Peace Corps ser ves i ncl ude
Mi cronesi a, F i j i , Tonga, Western Samoa, t h e Solomon I s l ands
and t h e i s l a nds of t he South Pa c i f i c Commission. I n addi t i on,
dur i ng FY 1973 arrangement s were made f o r vol unt eer s t o e nt e r
t h e Gi l be r t and El l i c e I s l ands i n t h e near f ut ur e .
Mi cronesi a i s s t r i vi ng f o r economic s el f - s uf f i ci ency and
a more i ndependent p o l i t i c a l s t a t u s , al t hough t h e major f a c t o r s
i n i t s economy cont i nue t o be t our i sm and t h e l eas i ng of l and
f o r U.S. mi l i t a r y use. F i j i ' s most ur gent development needs
are income r e di s t r i but i on, employment expansi on and an improved
annual economic growth r a t e . Si nce Tonga' s economy i s al most
whol l y based on a gr i c ul t ur e , t h a t i s l a nd na t i on i s at t empt i ng
t o i ncr eas e food product i on. Western Samoa' s development
p r i o r i t i e s a r e a gr i c ul t ur a l pr ogr ess, manpower t r a i ni ng,
c a p i t a l r es our ce development, and economic di ve r s i f i c a t i on.
About 70% of t h e vol unt eer s i n t h i s r egi on work i n a
v a r i e t y of educat i on pr oj e c t s , i ncl udi ng t h e t eachi ng of
Engl i sh, mat hemat i cs, s ci ence and ot her s ubj e c t s . To remain
r esponsi ve t o t h e evol vi ng educat i on needs of t he Pa c i f i c
nat i ons , t he Peace Corps has s hi f t e d t h e f ocus of t he pr oj e c t s
from pri mary t o secondary school s, t eacher t r a i ni ng, and
hi gher educat i on. A s ubs t a nt i a l number of vol unt eer s t aught
l a s t year a t t h e Uni ver si t y of t he South Pa c i f i c and s i nc e
1971 have d i r e c t l y t r ai ned 10,000 hos t count r y nat i onal s .
Other s i g n i f i c a n t pr oj e c t s i ncl uded a g r i c u l t u r a l r es ear ch,
he a l t h c a r e , bus i nes s and publ i c management, and urban and
publ i c works.
I nt ens e negot i at i ons t o det ermi ne Mi cr onesi a' s f ut ur e
p o l i t i c a l s t a t u s are bei ng conducted by t he Congress of
Mi cronesi a and t h e United St a t e s and coul d have a major i mpact
on Peace Corps a c t i v i t i e s t he r e . I t i s expect ed t h a t t he
i ncr eas i ngl y i ndependent development pat hs bei ng t aken' by
t h e Te r r i t o r y ' s s i x d i s t r i c t s w i l l r e s u l t i n more r eques t s
t o Peace Corps f o r s peci al i zed t e c hni c a l a s s i s t a nc e .
Another uni que development i n t h e Peace Corps' oper at i on
i n Mi cronesi a wa s t he assi gnment a t t h e end of F Y 1973 of
ACTION' S Ser vi ce Corps of Ret i r ed Execut i ves (SCORE) vol un-
teers t o a s s i s t a smal l busi ness development program. If
t h i s experi ment works s a t i s f a c t o r i l y , it coul d become a
pr ot ot ype f o r s i mi l a r pr oj e c t s i n ot he r count r i es .
- 96 -
F I J I
Population : 520,000 PC first entered : 19 6 7
Per c'ipita income : $43 0 Current projects : 16
F'r' 1973 Budget
-
Peace Coros : $635,300
Staff
U.S. : 5
Host contribution : $ 61 3 00 Local : 3
Volunteers
Trainees
Cumulative FY 1973
Sex
Average age :
3 5 female, 80 male
-
29 years
- --
Single
- I I
Married : ' - 38 ( 4 families, 8 dependents)
T x s of project (%) :
Education -- 7 6 %
Health 1 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Sevent y- f i ve vol unt e e r t e a c he r s remained t h e mai nst ay of t h e
Peace Corps program i n F i j i dur i ng FY 1973. However, t h e
Government of F i j i a l s o r eques t ed a number of hi ghl y s k i l l e d
vol unt e e r s f o r va r i ous p r o j e c t s i n f i s h e r i e s , p u b l i c works
c ons t r uc t i on, consumer pr ot e c t i on, p r i n t i n g , a g r i c u l t u r a l
r e s e a r c h and f o r e s t r y . The ha l f dozen vol unt e e r s i n Rur al
Minor Publ i c Works have been hi ghl y s uc c e s s f ul i n pl anni ng
and s upe r vi s i ng community improvement pr oj e c t s i n s e v e r a l
d i s t r i c t s . While bui l di ng si mpl e r oads i de bus s t o p s h e l t e r s ,
suspensi on br i dge s , r oa ds , and s mal l bui l di ngs , t h e s e vol un-
teers t r a i n e d more t han 100 l o c a l peopl e i n t h e b a s i c con-
s t r u c t i o n s k i l l s r e qui r e d.
- 97 -
MICRONESIA
U.S. : 8
Local : 9 n
Trainees :
Sex
Average age :
69 female, 155 male
- -
27 years
- -
Single
- 172
Married :
52 ( 4 families, 7 dependents)
Education 62 %
Health 2 %
Other 3 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
Unprecedented in the history of Peace Corps in Micronesia was
the passage during FY 1973 of two vital resolutions appropriating
a total of $22,500 for Peace Corps programs in the d-istricts
of Truk and Yap. The sums appropriated in themselves are not
as significant as the formal gesture of conveying a recognition
and appreciation of dedicated service rendered by Peace Corps
volunteers, and a vote of confidence in the support of future
programming.
M e r m o r e , a significant "resident effect" of the Peace Corps
presence in Micronesia was one of the many favorable observations
of the Peace Corps made by the 1973 United Nations Visiting
Mission. Having successfully completed their two-year commit-
ments, more than 100 former volunteers now represent one-sixth
of all official expatriate employees of the Trust Territory
and thus continue to contribute to the development of Micronesia
through a range of public and private activities.
- 98 -
SOLOMON ISLANDS
Population : 163, 000 PC first entered : 197 1
- Current projects : 3
Peace Corps : $15, 900 U.S. : 0
Host contribution : $13 , 3 0 0
-
Local : 0
Volunteers :
Cumulative FY 1973
Trainees :
-
-
Average age : 2f years
-
Single 1 0
-
-
Tx>es of project (%) :
Agriculture & Rural Oevelopment 22 %
Education %
Health 56 %
Urban Developl-sent & Public Works %
-
Other %
--
FY 1973 Highlights:
The f i r s t group of s i x Peace Corps vol unt eer s completed t h e i r
two year s of s e r vi c e i n t he Br i t i s h Solomon I s l ands Pr ot e c t or a t e
dur i ng F Y 1973. Vol unt eer s worked s uc c e s s f ul l y i n r egi onal
mal ar i a e r a di c a t i on c e nt e r s pr ovi di ng t h e management and
l eader s hi p necessar y t o combat t h i s dreaded di s eas e. A volun-
t e e r coupl e, s k i l l e d i n a r t t echni ques, e s t a bl i s he d an audi o-
v i s u a l a i d s c e nt e r wi t hi n t he Department of I nf or mat i on and
Br oadcast i ng. They t r a i ne d t h e i r Solomon I s l a nde r count er -
p a r t s t o c a r r y on work v i t a l t o t he needs of t h e government
a s it approached independence.
Three c ur r e nt vol unt eer s are busi ness maj or s working wi t h
I s l a nde r s t o e s t a b l i s h smal l busi nesses t hr ough t h e Agr i c ul t ur a l
and I n d u s t r i a l Loans Board. The ot her vol unt eer s are con-
t i nui ng t h e work of t h e f i r s t Peace Corps mal ar i a e r a di c a t i on
pr oj e c t .
SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION a
Population : (not applicable) PC first entered : 197 1
Per capita income : (not applicable) - Current projects : 1
Peace Corps : (Funded through U.S. : 0
Host corirribution :
Peace Coros&i 1)
. . . Local: 0
- -
Volunteers :
Trainees :
Sex 1 female, - 0 male
Average age : - 2a years
Single 1
Married : - ( 0 families, 0 dependents)
- -
Business & Public ~ana~ement %
Education 100 %
Health %
FY 1973 Highlights:
In FY 1973 two home economics teachers served with the South
Pacific Commission, a regional consultative and advisory body
to participating countries and territories in the Southern
and Western Pacific. These two Peace Corps volunteer teachers
were attached to the Community Education Training Center in
Suva, Fiji.
- 100 -
TONGA
Population : 87, 000 PC first entered : 1 g 6 7
10
-
Current projects :
Peace Corps : $435,100 U.S. : 3
Host contribution : $ 10, 7 00
-
Local : 0
8
Trainees :
- 1 2 Early terminations : 3
Sex - 4 0 female, 49 male
-
Single - 63
-
upes of proiect (%) :
Education 54 %
Health 19 %
-
Other 2 %
FY 1973 Highlights:
In Tonga, t h e Peace Corps has been doi ng i t s j ob q u i e t l y behi nd
t h e scenes. I f t h e r e has been any f a n f a r e it i s wi t h t h e
el ement ar y t e a c he r t r a i n i n g program which i s compl et i ng i t s
new math t r a i n i n g f o r a l l pri mary s chool t e a c he r s . Thi s
s ucces s l e d t h e Department of Educat i on t o r e que s t Peace
Corps a s s i s t a n c e f o r t eacher t r a i n i n g i n t h e envi r onment al
s c i e nc e s .
The Government of Tonga' s us ua l c o n t r i b u t i o n t o Peace Corps
i s t o pr ovi de housi ng f o r i t s vol unt e e r s . However, t h e
mai nt enance of o l d and c ons t r uc t i on of new housi ng i s put t i ng
a burden on t h e Department of Educat i on which it cannot
c a r r y. Sol ut i ons a r e c u r r e n t l y bei ng sought but a r e compli-
c a t e d by Tonga' s heavy us e of vol unt e e r s i n and around t h e s mal l
c a p i t a l c i t y of Nuku' al ofa where most of t h e s chool s and
a l l of t h e government agenci es are l oc a t e d.
- 101 -
mSTERN SAMOA
Peace Corps : $511,200 U.S. : 2
Host contribution : $ 79 700 Local : 0
-
Average age : 25 years -
-
Single 7 1
Married :
Education 87%
Health %
Other 1%
FY 1973 Highlights:
In a country burdened with expatriate contractual obligations
which drain its resources, Peace Corps' assistance has been
invaluable. It is widely felt that without volunteer teachers,
for example, the Department of Education would be unable to
meet the educational needs of Western Samoa adequately. Con-
sequently, the new Government of Western Samoa, elected during
FY 1973, is expected to continue its strong support for the
Peace Corps' efforts.
Some problems do exist because of the large number of volunteers
concentrated in Apia, the capital and only city in the country.
While volunteers are dedicated and productive workers, not enough
of them are able to live in traditional Samoan fashion to gain
maximum cross-cultural experience.
V. THE PEACE CORPS BUDGET - F Y 1973 PRELIMINARY*
($000)
F Y 1 9 / 3
Peace Corps
, l c t i v i t y 1- Tr ai ni ng
A. Direct Tr a i ni ng
B. Sp e c i a l i z e d Tr a i ni ng
Su b t o t a l Ac t i v i t y
Ac t i v i t y 2- Vol unt eer s
A. I n t e r n a t i o n a l & Domestic Tr avel
B. Al l owances
C. Ot her Vol unt eer Support
D. Dependent Suppor t
Ac t i v i t y 3-Program Support
A. St a f f
B. Shared Admi ni s t r at i ve Suppor t
C. Mu l t i l a t e r a l Gr ant s
D. Peace Corps Shar e of Agency-
Wide Suppor t
TOTAL PEACE CORPS
Tr ai nee I nput
Vol unt eer Manyears
: St aff
*Est i mat ed Ac t i v i t y and Sub-A. ct i vi t y t o t a l s s u b j e c t t o
f i n a l account i ng.
'**Does n o t i nc l ude : $158.0 t o Gener al Se r vi c e s Admi ni s t r at i on
$269.0 p e r PL 93-50; 87 S t a t . 99
In analyzing the Peace Corps budget for FY 1973 several
factors must be taken into consideration:
1) During FY 1972 the Peace Corps went through a
difficult financial period related to the final
resolution of its appropriation late in the fiscal
year. As a result of this situation the Peace
Corps sharply curtailed trainee input for the year
(3608 trainees) and refrained from starting new
programs. During FY 1973 the Peace Corps concen-
trated on increasing trainee input and stabilizing
the FY 1973 volunteer manyear level which was
significantly affected by the FY 1972 spring pro-
blem.
2) While increasing trainees and stabilizing volunteer
manyears, the Peace Corps was faced with absorbing
the additional costs of a devaluation ($500,000),
overseas inflation (6%) , and a Federal salary in-
crease (5.1%) for six months.
The following is a breakout by country of FY 1973 obliga-
tions including obligations for direct operations and support
which can be associated with each post. In addition to this
breakout, FY 1973 host country contributions by country have
been included.
F Y 1 9 7 3 SUMMARY
TOTAL
( $000)
A f r i c a
L a t i n Ame r i c a
N o r t h A f r i c a , Ne a r E a s t A s i a and P a c i f i c
World Wide S u p p o r t
Peace C o r p s S h a r e of ACTION S u p p o r t
TOTAL
FY 1973 OBLIGATIONS*
AFRICA REGION
COUNTRY
Botswana
Cameroon
Central African Republic
Chad
Dahomey
Ethiopia
Gambia
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Mauritania
Sierra Leone
Swaziland
Togo
Uganda
Upper Volta
Zaire
Africa Regional Support
TOTAL
($000)
$ 532.0
778.4
66.7
505.8
509.5
2,322.7
357.0
1,617.2
1,092.8
1,999.7
266.5
2,296.6
230.8
308.2
124.8
850.7
48.5
893.4
**
1,408.2
628.6
960.9
496.2
572.2
2,671.0
1.882.9
Africa Total
*Includes obligations for direct operations and support
which can be associated with each post.
**Funded through Peace Corps operation in Senegal.
- 106 -
LATI N AMERICA m G I O N
COUNTRY
Be l i z e
Br a z i l
Chi l e
Colombia
Cost a Ri ca
Dominican Republ i c
Ea s t e r n Cari bbean
Ant i gua
Barbados
Grenada
Mont ser r at
St . K i t t s -Nevis
St . Luci a
St . Vi ncent
Ecuador
I31 Sal vador
Guatemala
Ilondur as
[Jamaica
Ni caragua
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuel a
La t i n Ame r i c a Regi onal Support
La t i n America To t a l
TOTAL
($000)
COUNTRY
NORTH AFRICA, NEAR EAST, ASIA
and PACIFIC REGION
( NANEAP )
TOTAL
($000)
Afghanistan
British Solomon Islands
Fiji
India
Iran
Korea
Malaysia
Malta
Micronesia
Morocco
Nepal
Oman
Philippines
South Pacific Commission
Thailand
Tonga
Tunisia
Western Samoa
Yemen
NANEAP Regional Support
NANEAP . Total
*Preliminary start-up costs.
**Funded through Peace Corps operation in Fiji.
F i s c a l
Year
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1373
Or i gi na l
Aut hor i t y
Peace Corps St at ement of Aut hor i z a t i ons and Appr opr i a t i ons FY 1962 - FY 1973
($000)
Appr opr i at ed Appropri - Unobli-
( I nc l udi ng a t i o n Al l oca- Obl i - ga t e d
& Budget Amended Reappr opr i - Tr a ns f e r s t i o n ga t e d a s as of Reappro-
Request Budget Aut hor i zed a t i o n ) t o GSA from AI D of J une 30 J une 30 p r i a t e d
*Amount i nc l ude s t r a n s f e r of $269.0 p e r PL 93-50; 87 S t a t . 99
HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
The host countries in which volunteers serve normally pro-
vide assistance to the Peace Corps program by making in-
country resources available for volunteer support, Contri-
butions are received from host countries in two forms: (1)
cash and (2) supplies, equipment, and other in-kind contri-
butions. In FY 1973, 65% of the contributions were in-kind
and 35% were in cash.
HOST COUNTRY CONTRIBUTIONS
( SOOU)
AFRICA REGION
Botswana
Cameroon
Central African ~epublic
Chad
Dahomey
Ethiopia
(Gambia
Ghana
Ivory Coast
Kenya
Lesotho
Liberia
Malawi
Mali
Mauritius
Niger
Nigeria
Senegal
Mauritania
Sierra Leone
Swazi land
Togo
Upper Volta
Uganda
Zaire
Africa Total
*Handled through Peace Corps operations in Senegal.
LATIN AMERICA REGION
Belize
Brazil
Chile
Colombia
Costa Rica
Dominican Republic
Eastern Caribbean
Antigua
Barbados
Grenada
Montserrat
St. Kitts-Nevis
St. Lucia
St. Vincent
Ecuador
El Salvador
Guatemala
Honduras
Jamaica
Nicaragua
Paraguay
Peru
Uruguay
Venezuela
Latin America Total
NORTH AFRICA, NEAR EAST, ASIA
and PACIFIC REGION
( NANEAP )
Afghanistan
British Solomons
Fiji
India
Iran
Korea
Malaysia
Micronesia
Morocco
Nepal
Philippines
South Pacific Commission
Thailand
Tonga
Tunisia
Western Samoa
NANEAP Total
GRAND TOTAL (All Regions)
*Handled through Peace Corps operations in Fiji.
GS A A 7 4 . 2 5 5 . 1 7 8
Schedul e o f Hos t Count r y Cont r i but i ons by Regi on FY 1964 - FY 1973
($000)
Ac t ua l
FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY FY
1964 19 6 5 1966 1967
- - - -
1968
-
1969 1970
- -
1971 -
-
1972 1973
-
Af r i c a $1, 832 $2, 718 $2, 906 $2, 380 $1, 885 $1, 624 $1, 270 $1, 167 $1, 179 $1, 753
I
La t i n America 232 172 19 1 180 219 241 34 3 283 232 245
c.r
Nor t h Af r i c a , Near Ea s t
I - '
892 755 853 1 007
W
As i a, & P a c i f i c 861 1, 626 726 566 884 1, 014
I
I
To t a l $2, 790 $3 456 $3 981 $3, 574 $2, 965 $3, 494 $2.505 $ 2 , 2 0 ~ $Z,PQQ $3, 005
I A
CONGRESSIONAL
PRESENTATION
FISCAL YEAR 1973
ACTIVITY 1. INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
ACTIVITY 2. . . . . . . DOMESTIC PROGRAMS
ACTIVITY 3. . . . . . . . SUPPORT PROGRAMS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL
BUDGET SUMMARY
Appropriation Language
General Statement
Volunteer Strength
Obligations by Object
Ffnancing Schedule
Authorizations and Appropriations
ACTIVITY 1 - INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
General Statement
Training
Volunteers
Program Support.
ACTIVITY 2 - DOMESTIC PROGRAMS
Not included in. this Presentation.
ACTIVITY 3 - SUPPORT PROGRAMS
General. Statement
Recruitment, Selection and Placement
Policy anC Program Development
Management and Administration
i
v
viii
ix
X
xi
Members of Congress:
.
ACTION came i n t o bei ng on J ul y 1 of 1971. The new Agency
w i l l be one year o l d i n 90 days and promi ses t o r e a l i z e t h e
.
hi gh hopes t h a t sur r ounded i t s begi nni ngs. Today t h e merged
or ga ni z a t i ons t h a t make up ACTION are f i ndi ng expanded
oppor t uni t i e s f o r cooper at i on, exci t ement and encouragement
a s t hey come t oge t he r i n a common e f f o r t . They a r e br i ngi ng
t oge t he r wi l l i n g Americans of a l l ages t o m e e t t h e human
probl ems of pover t y, hunger , l one l i ne s s , de s pa i r and i s ol a -
t i o n . Whether i n a h o s p i t a l f o r r e t a r de d c hi l dr e n i n Phi l a-
de l phi a , a f or got t e n mountain va l l e y i n Appal achi a, a dus t y
mi gr ant wor ker s1 camp i n t h e Sout hwest , o r a remote cor ner
of a t eemi ng b a r r i o i n La t i n A me r i c a , ACTION Vol unt eer s a r e
t he r e .
ACTION i s Peace Corps. It i s Vol unt eer s i n Ser vi ce t o
America (VISTA). I t ILS o l d e r Americans programs such a s
a
Fos t e r Gr andpar ent s and t h e Ret i r ed Seni or Vol unt eer Programs
(RSVP). I t i s SCORE and ACE. And t h e Nat i onal St udent
Vol unt eer Program. One way o r anot her , ACTION s t a nds f o r
hundreds of t housands of Americans who o f f e r t h e i r s e r vi c e
wi t hout f i n a n c i a l advant age o r promi se of c a r e e r s o t h a t t h e
wor l d w i l l be a b e t t e r pl a c e when t h e i r work i s done. The
uni f yi ng i de a of ACTION i s s e r vi c e -- s e r vi c e accept ed and
s e r v i c e performed by Americans who want t o be p a r t of a move-
ment of development and c ons t r uc t i ve change wherever needed.
W e have onl y begun t o r e a l i z e t h e improvements i n our work
which come from bei ng uni t e d i n t o one or gani zat i on, but some
e a r l y s i gns of achi evement a r e i n hand: t h e r e a r e s i g n i f i c a n t
s avi ngs i n t h e pe r vol . unt eer c o s t of r ecr ui t ment , and s i g n i f i -
c a nt improvements i n t h e s ucces s es we have had i n f i ndi ng t he
vol unt e e r s who are needed t o do t h e j obs we a r e asked t o do,
and f i ndi ng t h e j obs t . hat awai t t h e men and women who s t e p
forward by t h e t housands seeki ng t h e oppor t uni t y t o s er ve.
And we have begun t o devel op uni f i e d pl ans which per mi t t h e
assi gnment of t eams of' vol unt eer s drawn from s e ve r a l of
ACTION'S programs t o s ol ve a community' s probl ems.
And w e have onl y begun, t o di s cover t h e oppor t uni t i e s f o r new
s o r t s of vol unt eer s e r vi c e which t h e Pr es i dent asked us t o '
examine when he br0ugh.t us t oge t he r i n t o ACTION. Al ready we
Members of Congr ess
Page 2
Ap r i l 4 , 1972
have found t h a t c o l l e g e s and u n i v e r s i t i e s a r e wi l l i n g ---
e a g e r -- t o p u t t h e i r r e s our c e s t o wor k he l pi ng t h e i r s t u d e n t s
j o i n e f f o r t s t o e l i mi n a t e pover t y. The Uni ve r s i t y Year f o r
ACTION program, whi ch we began l a s t summer, now e n r o l l s near -
l y a t housand v o l u n t e e r s who a r e a t work on more t ha n 300
p r o j e c t s i t es from Vermont t o Ca l i f o r n i a , Alabama t o Washing-
t on. And 165 o t h e r i . n s t i t u t i o n s s ubmi t t ed pr opos a l s which
c oul d n o t be made a p a r t of t h e Uni ve r s i t y Year f o r ACTION
program f o r l a c k of f!unds.
ACTION ha s s pe nt much t i m e i n t h e p a s t ye a r c a r e f u l l y expl or -
i n g ways i n whi ch t h e e f f o r t s of v o l u n t e e r s mi ght be made a
p a r t of t h e programs of o t h e r Fe de r a l a ge nc i e s . Agreement
ha s been r eached wi t h t h e So c i a l Se c u r i t y Admi ni s t r a t i on t o
p l a c e s e n i o r vol unt e e r c i t i z e n s i n Di s t r i ct Of f i c e s t o he l p
o t h e r s e n i o r c i t i z e n s m e e t t h e c ha l l e nge s of o l d age w i t h
d i g n i t y and under s t andi ng. The Of f i c e of Educat i on, i n t h e
Depart ment of He a l t h, Educat i on and Wel fa. re, ha s under t aken
t o s uppor t n e a r l y 100 vol unt e e r s r e c r u i t e d by ACTI ON f o r
s u i t a b l e p r o j e c t s begi nni ng dur i ng f i s c a l 1 9 7 2 . And t h e
f e d e r a l l y a s s i s t e d housi ng p r o j e c t s under t h e Depart ment of
Housi ng and Urban Development w i l l soon be gi n t o c a l l upon
t h e r e s our c e s of ACTION under an agreement now be i ng
n e g o t i a t e d bet ween t h e two a ge nc i e s .
The components of ACTI ON c ont i nue t o grow i n s t r e n g t h and
ma t u r i t y a t t h e same t i m e t h a t new i n i t i a t i v e s a r e be i ng
e xpl or e d :
The Peace Corps now has 8, 000 v o l u n t e e r s i n 720
p r o j e c t s i n 57 devel opi ng c o u n t r i e s ; t h i s t o t a l i n-
c l ude s t h e v o l u n t e e r s who a r e members of 250 f a mi l i e s
who have been a s s i gne d t o hi gh s k i l l t . asks.
VISTA ha s 4, 500 v o l u n t e e r s i.n n e a r l y 400 p r o j e c t s
from Maine t o Guam -- some worki ng al most a l one where
pove r t y ha s de s t r oye d a cornnlunity' s f i b r e , o t h e r s
br i ngi ng needed s k i l l s t o or gani zed community e f f o r t s
t o e l i mi n a t e t h e c ondi t i ons which c r e a t e pove r t y.
There a r e ove r 4, 100 SCORE v o l u n t e e r s , and 2, 500 ACE
v o l u n t e e r s , who b r i n g h e l p 2nd encouragement t o s ma l l
bus i ne s s and non- pr of i t o r g a n i z a t i o n s f a c e d wi t h
management d i f f i c u l t i e s .
Members of Congr ess
Page 3
Ap r i l 4 , 1972
There a r e about a t housand vol unt e e r s e n r o l l e d i n
RSVP t oday --- and wi t h pl a ns now compl et ed, t h e r e
w i l l be 75, 000 be f or e t h e end of f i s c a l ye a r 1973.
Fo s t e r Gr andpar ent s, 11, 000 s t r o n g by t h e end of
ne xt y e a r , w i l l be pr ovi di ng compani onshi p and a t t e n -
t i o n t o over 23, 000 c r i p p l e d , r e t a r d e d o r orphaned
c h i l d r e n . The g r e a t need f o r t h i s t ype of a s s i s t a n c e
i s demonst r at ed by t h e f a c t t h a t ACTION ha s r e c e i ve d
f undi ng r e q u e s t s exceedi ng by s e v e r a l t i m e s t h e
amounts a v a i l a b l e i n f i s c a l ye a r 1972.
The budget r e q u e s t be f or e you d e t a i l s t h e s uppor t r e qui r e d
t o o p e r a t e t h e s e programs dur i ng 1973. It r e f l e c t s t h e
expans i ons we b e l i e v e s houl d be made, t h e modi f i c a t i ons w e
b e l i e v e a r e ne c e s s a r y. And it s ugge s t s t h e oppor t uni t y
whi ch l i es wi t h i n our gr a s p b u t which ha s n o t y e t been f u l l y
r e a l i z e d -- t h e oppor t uni t y t h a t t hr ough ACTI ON t h e Fe de r a l
Government can mobi l i z e a growi ng f r a c t i o n of t h e ener gy
and d e d i c a t i o n of a l l Ameri cans, of what ever age and back-
gr ound, s o t h a t t he y can be br ought t o be a r i n a u n i f i e d and
c a r e f u l l y or gani zed e f f o r t t o h e l p o t h e r pe opl e , h e r e and
abr oad, t o h e l p t hemsel ves b u i l d a b e t t e r tomorrow.
Si nc e r e l y your s ,
>-- Joseph H. Bl a t c hf or d
Di r e c t or
APPROPRIATION ESTIMATE
I i C T I O N
Operating Expenses
For expenses necessary for ACTION, to carry out the
provisions of the Peace Corps Act (75 Stat. 612), as
amended; the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended,
relating to Volunteers in Service to America (42 U.S.C.
2991-2996); sectio~ 637(b) of the Small Business Act
( 1 5 F1.S.C. 637(b)), not otherwise provided for; and Title
'/I of the Older Americans Act of 1965, as amended (42 U.S.C.
3044-3044s); $184,700,000. (Reorganization Plan No. 1 of
1971; addit-ional authorizing legislation to be proposed.)
Note: The appropriations for this account for 1972
were transferred from five other accounts.
ADJUSTED APPROPRIATIONS TOTALS
-
Si nc e submi ssi on of t h e P r e s i d e n t ' s budget , it ha s been
s ugges t ed t h a t f unds f o r ACTION be c ont a i ne d i n two
a p p r o p r i a t i o n s . Thi s d e c i s i o n r e q u i r e s t h a t Suppor t
Program c o s t s be a l l o c a t e d bet ween i n t e r n a t i o n a l and
domest i c a c t i v i t i e s (The method f o r making t h i s a l l o c a t i o n
i s c ont a i ne d on page 3-2) .
Tne r e que s t e d amount s f o r each appr opr i at i . on would be:
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Ope r a t i ons
--- -
$87, 028
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Programs
Suppor t Programs
Domest i c Ope r a t i ons
Domest i c Programs
Suppor t Programs
I f t h e amounts a r e f u r t h e r a dj us t e d f o r t h e pay r a i s e
app~--oved Ley t h e Congr ess, e f f e c t i v e i n J anuar y 1972,
"hey become:
I n t e r n a t i o n a l -.- Ope r a t i ons - $88, 027
Domest i c Ope r a t i ons
-,- . --
98, 425
CTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
A C T I O N
OPERATING EXPENSES, INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
For expenses necessary for ACTION to carry out the Peace
Corps Act (75 Stat. 612) , as amended; $88,027,000$' (Reorgani-
zation Plan No. 1 of 1971; additional authorizing legislation
to be proposed. )
1/ Includes pay raise of $999,000.
-
OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCIES
A C T I O N
OPERATING EXPENSES, D0ME:STIC PROGRAMS
For expenses necessary for ACTION, to carry out the
provisions of the Econonric Opportunity Act of 1964, as
amended, relating to Volunteers in Service to America
142 U.S,C. 2991-2994) ; section 637(b) of the Small
Business Act (15 U. ; 3 .C. 637 (b) ) , not otherwise provided
for; and Title VI of the Older Americans Act of 1965,
I/
as amended (42 U.S.C. 3044-3044s) ; $98,425,000:
(Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1971; additional authorizing
Legislation to be proposed.)
1/ Includes pay raise of $753,000.
-
ACTION
($000)
-
1972 1973 I n c r e a s e o r
Es t i ma t e Es t i ma t e De c r e a s e
Pos . Amount Pos. Amount Pos . Amount
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Pr ogr ams 748 $ 61, 900 748 $ 72, 200 - - +$l o, 300
Domes t i c Pr ogr ams ..... 386 87, 395 386 90, 000 -- + 2, 605
Suppor t Pr ogr ams ...... 595 19, 262 595 22, 500 - - + 3, 238
1 /
T o t a l ........... 1, 729 $168, 557- 1, 729 $184, 700- " - - +$16, 143
1/ FY 1972 Fundi ng i n c l u d e s $152, 557, 000 i n p r e s e n t l y a p p r o p r i a t e d
-
f unds and $16, 000, 000 i n c l u d e d i n a s uppl e me nt a l r e q u e s t . The s up-
pl e me nt a l i n c l u d e s $1.4,000,000 f o r Domest i c Pr ogr ams and $2, 000, 000
f o r Suppor t Pr ogr ams. I n a d d i t i o n , t h e f undi ng f o r t h e FY 1972
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Pr ogr ams i n c l u d e s $2, 600, 000 t r a n s f e r r e d f r om t h e
F o r e i g n As s i s t a n c e Ac:t.
2/ 1:xcludes pay raise of $1, 752, 000.
-
Ge ne r a l St a t e me nt
ACTION w a s e s t a b l i s h e d a s a n i nde pe nde nt agency on J u l y 1, 1971,
by t h e ? r e s i d e n t ' s Re o r g a n i z a t i o n Pl a n No . 1, a s appr oved by t h e
Congr e s s , and Ex e c u t i v e Or de r No. 11603. A s a r e s u l t , e i g h t v o l u n t a r y
~ c t i o n pr ogr ams f r om t hr oughout t h e F e d e r a l Government wer e merged
i n t o a s i n g l e agency. The pr ogr ams and thc: a g e n c i e s f r om whi ch t h e y
wer e t r a n s f e r r e d a r e :
f rom t h e Off i c e of Economi c 3 p p o r t u n i t y ;
Vo l u n t c ~e r s i n S e r v i c e t o Amer i ca (VISTA)
Au x i l i a r y and S p e c i a l Vol unt e e r Pr ogr ams
( a t t h e t i me a t h e t r a n s f e r , t h e Na t i o n a l
St ude nt Vol unt e e r Pr ogr am was a d mi n i s t e r e d
unde r t h i s a u t h o r i t y )
f r om t h e Depar t ment of t . e a l t h , Educ a t i on, and We l f a r e ;
F o s t e r Gr a ndpa r e nt s Pr ogr am
Re t i r e d. S e n i o r Vol unt e e r Pr ogr am (RSVP)
f r om t h e Depar t ment of ILousirlg and Urban Af f a i r s ;
Off i c e of Vo l u n t e e r Ac t i on
f r om t h e Sma l l Bus i ne s s Ad mi n i s t r a t i o n ;
S e r v i c e Cor ps of Re t i r e d Ex e c u t i v e s (SCORE)
Ac t i v e Cor ps of Ex e c u t i v e s (ACE)
f r om t h e Of f i c e of t h e P r e s i d e n t ;
Pe a c e Cor ps
The pur pos e s of t h e new a ge nc y, ACTION, a r e :
1. To a d mi n i s t e r t h e Pe a c e Corps Ac t , and c e r t a i n p o r t i o n s of t h e
S ma l l Bus i ne s s Ac t ( f o r SCORE and ACE), of t h e Ol de r Amer i cans Ac t ( f o r
r hc F o s t e r Gr a ndpa r e nt s Pr ogr am and RSVP) and of t h e Economi c Oppor-
t u n i t y Act ( f o r VISTA and r e l a t e d a n t i - p o v e r t y pr ogr ams ) .
2 . To c r e a t e a s ys t e m whi ch w i l l pe r mi t f u l l u t i l i z a t i o n of t h e
,lmeri:dn t r a d i t i o n of v o l u n t a r y s e r v i c e on b e h a l f of t h o s e i n need nor
onl y f o r f u l l - t i me v o l u n t e e r s , b u t f o r t h o s e who c a nnot s e r v e f u l l - t i me .
2 . To b r i n g t o g e t h e r i n one p l a c e progzarns whi ch a p p e a l t o b o t h
younger and o l d e r Amer i cans s o t h a t t h e e ne r gy, i n n o v a t i v e s p i r i t ,
~ x p t t r i e n c e , and s k i l l s of e a c h c a n be br ought t o b e a r on s p e c i f i c
prni vl ems.
To expand t h e t e s t i n g and devel opment of i n n o v a t i o n s i n vol un-
i-.:rT a c t i o n pr ogr ams.
To p r o v i d e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r cornbl ni ng f o r e i g n and dome s t i c
v o l u n t a r y s e r v i c e i n a t t a c k i n g t h e pr obl em of p o v e r t y t o accommodat e
v o l u n t r c r s i n t c r e s t e d i n s uc h s e r v i c e .
6. To pe r mi t g r e a t e r u t i l i z a t i o n of p r o f e s s i o n a l s k i l l s a v a i l a b l e
t o v o l u n t a r y pr ogr ams whi ch wer e p r e v i o u s l y u n d e r - u t i l i z e d due t o t h e
r e l a t i v e l y l i mi t e d s c ope of t h e a c t i v i t y .
7. To p r o v i d e a more s f f e c t i v e s ys t e m of r e c r u i t i n g , t r a i n i n g ,
p l a c i n g , and a d mi n i s t e r i n g v o l u n t e e r s by c e n t r a l i z i n g common f u n c t i o n s .
ACTION i s now we l l i n t ~ t h e f i r s t ye a r of i t s o p e r a t i o n . De s p i t e
t h e pr obl ems r e l a t e d t o o r g a n i z i n g and f u n d i n g a new agency,
i t s g o a l s a r e b e i n g r e a l i z e d . Vol unt e e r o p p o r t u n i t i e s o r Ol de r
Amer i cans a r e b e i n g g r e a t l y expanded. A new f u l l - t i me VISTA v o l u n t e e r
pr ogr am- -Uni ver-s i t y Year f o r ACTION (UYA) - - ha s be e n l a unc he d and
a l r e a d y ha s ove r a t hous a nd v o l u n t e e r s i n t h e f i e l d . Ev a l u a t i o n of
on- goi ng pr ogr ams ha s been l l nde r t a ke n wi t h t h e ai m of maki ng t hem more
p r o d u c t i v e . Economi es of s z a l e i n t h e a r e a s of g e n e r a l s u p p o r t a r e
bei ng e f f e c t e d .
ACTION programs have been di vi de d i n t o t h r e e maj or c a t e g o r i e s f o r
management pur poses. They a r e : I n t e r n a t i o n a l Programs, which c o n s i s t s
of t h e Peace Cor ps; Domestic Programs, which i nc l ude a l l domest i c vol un-
Leer a c t i v i t i e s ; and Suppor t Programs, which i nc l ude t h e r e c r ui t me nt ,
s e l e c t i o n , and pl acement of v o l u n t e e r s , program and p o l i c y e v a l u a t i o n
and devel opment , and a c r o s s t h e board management and a d mi n i s t r a t i v e
f u n c t i o n s . Each of t h e s e i s di s c us s e d i n d e t a i l in t h e ens ui ng
s e c t i o n s .
The FY 1973 r eques t f o r ACTI ON i s $184, 700, 000, an i n c r e a s e of
$16, 143, 000 from t h e FY 1972 l e v e l ( i n c l u d i n g t h e suppl ement al r e que s t
of $16, 000, 000) . The t o t a l i n c r e a s e r e f l e c t s an i n c r e a s e of $10, 300, 000
f o r I n t e r n a t i o n a l Programs; $2, 605, 000 f o r Domestic Programs; and
$3, 238, 000 f o r Suppor t Programs. Di s cus s i on of t he f undi ng r equi r ement s
f o r each of t h e s e programs i s a l s o i ncl uded i n t h e ens ui ng s e c t i o n s .
Total
PLANNED VOLUNTEER STRENGTH
(end year)
Full-Time
Peace Corps
VISTA-Traditional
VISTA-UYA
Part-Time
FGP
RSVP
SCORE/ACE
1/ Grants supporting 71,500 Foster Grandparent and RSVP
-
Volunteers will be made by end of Fiscal Year.
OBLIGATIONS BY OBJECT CLASS
-
I n c r e a s e
FY 1972 FY 1973 o r
Es t i ma t e Es t i ma t e Decr eas e
Pe r s onne l Compensat i on:
............ Permanent P o s i t i o n s . $ 2 1 , 3 5 6 $ 2 1 , 1 7 4 - $ 182
P o s i t i o n s o t h e r t h a n per manent . . 2 , 0 6 1 1, 990 - 7 1
Ot her pe r s onne l compens at i on .... 6 12 656 + 44
S p e c i a l Pe r s o n a l S e r v i c e s
Payment s :
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Empl oyees 170 166 - 4
.... Vol unt e e r s a ~ l d Tr a i n e e s . . 27, 610 29, 336 + 1, 726
To t a l Pe r s onne l Compensat i on. $ 51, 809 $ 53, 322 +$ 1, 513
Pe r s onne l Be n e f i t s :
Empl oyees ....................
................... Vol unt e e r s
Be n e f i t s f o r f or mer pe r s onne l . . .
Tr a ve l and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n of
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . per s ons
' Tr a ns por t a t i on of t h i n g s . . . . . . . .
.Xects, communi cat i ons, and
u t i l i t i e s ....................
P r i n t i n g and r e p r o d u c t i o n . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i ?ri ~e. ; s e r \ l - i c e s . .
. . . . . . . . B~ r p p ! its and ma t e r i a l s . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Equip::;ent
Gr a n t s , s u b 3 i d i c s , and
coct : r i hut i ons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
I ns ur a nc e C l a i m s and I nde mni t i e s
To t a l O b l i ~ a t i o a s , ACTION.. . . $168, 532 $184, 675 +$16, 143
Al l o c a t i o n t o S t a t e , 0ffit:e of
I n s p e c t o r Ge ne r a l , For e i gn
As s i s t a n c e
Ot her s e r v i c e s ( s e r v i c e s of
o t h e r a g e n c i e s ) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 5 2 5
- - -
To t a l 0bl i . gat i ons by Ob j e c t . . ... $168, 557 $184, 700 +$16, 143
I nc l ude s $2&, 000 t r a n s f e r r e d t o GSA f o r b u i l d i n g r e n t a l s i n FY 1972
and $573, 000 f o r t h e s . me pur pos e i n FY 1973.
A C T I O N
F i n a n c i n g S c h e d u l e
-
Pr oqr a m b v a c t i v i t i e s : :
Ac t u a l E s t i n a t e
--
a 2
~ n t e r n a t i o n a l p r o g r a ms , , , , . , . , , . , . . 69, 027 61, 900
D o m e s t i c pr ogr a ms .,.................
87, 395
Su p p o r t pr ogr a ms ................... 1 5 , 9 9 7 1 9 , 2 3 8
' r ot a 1 o b l i g a t i o n s ................. 85, 024 1 6 8 , 5 3 3
F i n a n c i n g :
Re c e i p t s and r e i mb u r s e me n t s
f r om:
Fe d e r a l f u n d s . .................... -46
Un o b l i g a t e d b a l a n c e l a p s i n g . , . . . . * . 5, 022
BE!.!&~~~u&oz&Y. ................. 90, 000
Budge t a u t h o r i t y :
~ p p r o p x i a t i o n ...................... 90, 000
Su p p l e me n t a l a p p r o y ) r i a t i o n . . . . . . . * ,
T r a n s f e r r e d t o o t h e r a c c o u n t s . . . - . -
- - - - - -
... T r a n s f e r r e d f r om o t h e r a c c o u n t s .
Ap p r o p r i a t i o n ( a d 2 u s t e d ) .......... 90, 000
-
----
---- - -- -
3 i e l a t l o n o f o b l i g a t i o n s t o o u t l a y s :
o b l i g a t i o n s i n c u r r e d , net.......... 84, 978
Ob l i g a t i o n s b a l a n c c , s t a r t of y e a r . 28, 577
Ob l i g a t e d b a l a n c e t r a n s f e r r e d , net .
0 0 7 i g a t e d b a l a n c e , er Ld o f y e a r . . . a s - 23, 058
Adjustment i n e x p i r e d a c c o u n t s , , . . . - 1, 946
Ou t l a y s ........................... 8 8 , 5 5 1
-
-- -
-
1/ Pe z c e Cor ps onl ; ), .
-
A C T I O N
Aut hor i z a t i ons and Appr opr i at i ons
( Dol l a r s I n Thousands)
FY 1972 - - 1/ FY 1973
Or i gi na l Aut hor i z a t i on and
Appr opr i at i on Request
Amended Budget
Suppl ement al Request
Aut hor i zed
Appr opr i at i on Tr a ns f e r t o GSA
Appr opr i at i on Tr a ns f e r f r om AI D
Avai l abl e t o t he Agency
Obl i gat ed as of June 30
: Inobl i gat ed a s of June 30
1/ A l l d a t e s a s of March 31, 1972. I ncl udes t h a t p o r t i o n of HEW, OEO,
-
SBA and HUI) a c t i v i t i e s t r a n s er r ed t o ACTI ON.
1
2/ No Congress-i.onal a c t i o n t aken a s of t h i s March 31,, 1972.
-
ACTIVITY 1. INTERNATIONAL PROGRAMS
Gener al St at ement
I n t e r n a t i o n a l Oper at i ons was e s t a b l i s h e d a s a
p a r t of t h e new agency, ACTION on J u l y 1, 1971, and
s uppor t s i n t e r n a t i o n a l vol unt e e r programs i nc l udi ng
t h e Peace Corps.
The F Y 1973 I n t e r n a t i o n a l Programs a c t i v i t y
of t h e ACTION budget r e que s t s uppor t s t h e cont i nued
e f f o r t i n t h e s e new d i r e c t i o n s :
I nc r e a s e d use of more exper i enced
Americans i n t h e s k i l l t r a d e s , wi t h
de gr e e s and exper i ence i n a g r i c u l t u r e ,
p r o f e s s i o n a l l y q u a l i f i e d e duc a t or s and more
mi d- car eer peopl e i n such f i e l d s a s medi ci ne,
bus i ne s s and urban pl anni ng.
Assi gnment of mar r i ed c oupl e s wi t h o r
wi t hout dependent c h i l d r e n where t h e
husband ha s a uni que s k i l l and e xpe r i e nc e
n o t a v a i l a b l e t o t h e Peace Corps from
s i n g l e Vol unt eer s .
As s i s t a nc e t o vol unt e e r programs i n
o t h e r c o u n t r i e s u-nder n a t i o n a l and
i n t e r n a t i o n a l a us pi c e s such a s t h e Uni t ed
Nat i ons.
The budget r e que s t more s p e c i f i c a l l y s uppor t s :
An i n c r e a s e t o 5, 500 t r a i n e e s i nput
from 5, 000 i n 1972 and 4, 639 i n 1 9 7 1 .
An i n c r e a s e i n aver age vol unt e e r
s t r e n g t h over s eas of 7, 138 i n F Y 1973
compared t o 6, 758 i n FY 1972 and 6, 911
i n F Y 1971.
B a s i c B u d g e t and V o l u n t e e r St r e ngt h D a t a
FY 1 9 7 1 F Y 1 9 7 2 FY 1 9 7 3
A c t u a l E s t i m a t e E s t i m a t e
1. T r a i n i n g
2 . T r a i n i n g S u p p o r t
Subt ot a l
B. VOLUNTEER COSTS
1. I n t e r n a t i o n a l T r a v e l
2 . A l l o w a n c e s
3. O t h e r V o l u n t e e r Suppor t
4. R e a d j u s t m e n t A l l o w a n c e
Su b t o t a l
C. PROGRAM SUPPORT
-
T o t a l , I n t e r n a t i o n a l P r o g r a ms
TRAINEE I NPUT ( P r o g r a m Y e a r )
STRENGTHS AT END OF FI SCAL YEAR
VOLUNTEERS
TRAI NEES
AVERAGE VOLUNTEERS ON BOARD
DURING FI SCAL YEAR
H o s t Count r v Reauest s
The work Peace Corps v o l u n t e e r s per f or m i s d i c t a t e d by
t h e needs of each h o s t c ount r y a s r e f l e c t e d i n t hei r
r e que s t s . These a r e c o n t i n u a l l y changi ng.
F i r s t , t h e number of r e q u e s t s has grown dur i ng t h e p a s t
ye a r and i s expect ed t o cont i nue growi ng.
Second, t h e t ype of s k i l l r eques t ed has s h i f t e d from t h e
g e n e r a l i s t wi t hout s p e c i f i c t r a i n i n g o r exper i ence t o
t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l havi ng t r a i n i n g and/ or e xpe r i e nc e i n one
of t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l a r e a s .
Th i r d , t h e t ype of program i n which vol unt e e r s work ha s
s h i f t e d a s t h e h o s t c o u n t r i e s pe r c e i ve a change i n t h e i r
needs.
For F Y 1973, appr oxi mat el y 6, 100 r e q u e s t s f o r new vol unt e e r s
a r e expect ed. By s k i l l backgr ounds, t h e e s t i ma t e d r e q u e s t s
w i l l c a l l f o r :
Ag r i c u l t u r e 1, 262 2 1 %
S k i l l e d t r a d e s 374 6 %
Pr o f e s s i o n a l 1, 225 20%
Educat i on 1, 400 23%
Ge ne r a l i s t
Tot a l 6 , 0 8 9
Summary of Ma j or Changes
The major changes in funding of International Programs from FY 1972
to FY 1973 follows:
(Dollars in Thousands)
FY 1972 Estimate $6 1,900
0
Changes : ~~'~~ ,
Training casks + 4,584
International Travel + 2,062
Overseas Volunteer Costs + 3,200
Bureau of Employment Compensation + 269
Readjustment Allowance + 605
Staff Personal Services - 585
Support of Personnel - 150
Title I11 Grants + 250
Research + 65
FY 1973 Estimate $72,200
A. TRAINING
Ge ne r a l St a t e me nt
The pur pos e o f Peace Cor ps t r a i n i n g i s t o g i v e
a p p l i c a n t s t h e a d d i t i o n a l s k i l l s t h e y need t o b e s u c c e s s f u l
Vol unt e e r s .
O f t h e 57 c o u n t r i e s i n whi ch Peace Cor ps o p e r a t e s ,
o n l y 1 4 a r e p r i ma r i l y Engl i s h- s peaki ng. Of t h e t r a i n e e s
e n t e r i n g d u r i n g F Y 71, o n l y 12% were c o n v e r s a n t i n a
f o r e i g n l anguage p r i o r t o e n t e r i n g t h e Peace Cor ps.
These
two f a c t s make it n e c e s s a r y f o r Peace Cor ps t o p r o v i d e
l anguage t r a i n i n g f o r v i r t u a l l y a l l t r a i n e e s . Cu r r e n t l y ,
Peace Cor ps p r o v i d e s t r a i n i n g i n t h e f o l l o wi n g l a ngua ge s :
Afghan F a r s i
Akl anon
Ar angi an
Bi k o l
Ca r o l i n i a n
Cebuano
Chamorro
Ewe
F i j i a n
Fr ench
Guar ani
F i n k i ( F i j i a n )
Hi ndi ( l o c a l d i a l e c t s )
I r a n i a n F a r s i
Kapampangan
Ki na r a y
Korean
K r i o
Kus ai ean
Luganoi a
Ll ocano
Magi ndanao
Mandingo
Malay ( l o c a l d i a l e c t s )
Maranao
Ma r s h a l l e s e
Masbat e
Moroccan Ar a bi c
Mende
Nepal i
Pangas i an
Ponapean
Por t ugue s e
Quechua
Sa i pa ne s e
Samoan
Se s ot ho Set swana
S i s wa t i
Solomon I s l a n d s Pi d g i n
So n s o r o l e s e
Spa ni s h
Swa h i l i
Tagal og
Tausug
Tongan
Thai
Tr ukes e
Twi
Tu n i s i a n Ar a b i c
Ul i t h i
Waray
Wolof
Wol ei an
Yapese
Zamboangueno
Any Amer i can e n t e r i n g a f o r e i g n c u l t u r e i s f a c e d
wi t h " c u l t u r e s hock. " I n t h e c a s e o f Peace Cor ps Vo l u n t e e r s ,
n o t onl y must t h e y overcome t h e i r own c u l t u r e s hock, b u t t h e y
must a l s o d e v e l o p s u f f i c i e n t unde r s t a ndi ng of l o c a l cus t oms
t o d e a l e f f e c t i v e l y on a per s on- t o- per s on b a s i s . To p r o v i d e
t h e b a s i c s o f l o c a l cus t om and t o mi ni mi ze t h e n e g a t i v e
a s p e c t s of " c u l t u r e s hoc k, " Peace Cor ps g i v e s e a c h t r a i n e e
c r o s s - c u l t u r a l t r a i n i n g . Thi s t r a i n i n g v a r i e s by c o u n t r y
and sometimes by r e g i o n wi t h i n t h e c o u n t r y .
Th i r d l y , most Vo l u n t e e r s a p p l y t h e i r s k i l l s i n wor ki ng
s i t u a t i o n s whi ch a r e u n f a mi l i a r . The f ar mer f r om Nebr aska
who i s us ed t o r a i s i n g one wheat c r o p p e r y e a r i s f a c e d
wi t h a much d i f f e r e n t t a s k i n Col ombi a wher e f o u r c r o p s p e r
y e a r a r e r a i s e d . To h e l p new Vo l u n t e e r s work e f f e c t i v e l y
i n t h e s e u n f a mi l i a r s i t u a t i o n s , Peace Cor ps p r o v i d e s s p e c i f i c
t e c h n i c a l o r i e n t a t i o n .
Schedul e and Cont e nt of Tr a i n i n g
Peace Cor ps t r a i n i n g i s g e n e r a l l y conduct ed i n t h r e e
c y c l e s - F a l l , Sp r i n g , and Summer - d u r i n g t h e Program y e a r
whi ch r u n s f r om Sept ember 1 t hr ough Augus t 31. These c y c l e s
c o i n c i d e wi t h t h e end of t h e c o l l e g e and u n i v e r s i t y semesters
t o f a c i l i t a t e r e c r u i t me n t among t h e g r a d u a t e s . A s t h e Peace
Cor ps c o n t i n u e s t o r e c r u i t and p l a c e more e x p e r i e n c e d and
o l d e r Amer ci ans, p r o v i s i o n h a s been made f o r t h e t r a i n i n g of
t h e s e peopl e when t h e y a r e a v a i l a b l e . A l l Vo l u n t e e r s a r e
r e q u i r e d t o s u c c e s s f u l l y compl et e 1 2 t o 14 weeks of t r a i n i n g .
Tr a i n i n g S i t e s
Un t i l 1967, most Peace Cor ps t r a i n i n g was conduct ed
on U.S. c o l l e g e campuses. Le c t u r e s and n o t e t a k i n g were
t h e p r i n c i p a l t e a c h i n g t e c h n i q u e s . Through t r a i n i n g e va l ua -
t i o n s Peace Cor ps h a s l e a r n e d t h a t U.S. c o l l e g e s e t t i n g s and
l e c t u r e s a r e n o t t h e most e f f e c t i v e means o f p r o v i d i n g t h e
r e q u i r e d t r a i n i n g . Today t h e bul k of t r a i n i n g Is dcne i n t h e
c o u n t r y where t h e Vol unt e e r w i l l s e r v e s o h e can l e a r n by
" d o ~ n g " r a t h e r t h a n j u s t by l i s t e n i n g .
A second r e a s o n f o r t h e s h i f t i n t r a i n i n g si t es s i n c e
1 9 6 7 i s t h a t i n- c ount r y t r a i n i n g i s less e xpe ns i ve t ha n i n
t h e U.S. Over head c o s t s , hous i ng, f ood, and t r a i n i n g s t a f f
a r e a l l g e n e r a l l y c he a pe r i n c o u n t r i e s wher e Peace Cor ps h a s
pr ogr ams t h a n i n t h e U. S.
A t h i r d a dva nt a ge o f i n- c ount r y t r a i n i n g i s i n c r e a s e d
c o o p e r a t i o n bet ween Peace Cor ps and t h e h o s t c o u n t r y gover nment s .
S i n c e most h o s t c o u n t r i e s a r e i n t e r e s t e d i n havi ng t h e b e s t
t r a i n e d Vo l u n t e e r s p o s s i b l e , t h e y p a r t i c i p a t e by h e l p i n g t o
p l a n t r a i n i n g , by s u p p l y i n g t r a i n i n g s t a f f , and by e v a l u a t i n g
t h e r e s u l t s of t r a i n i n g .
Ther e a r e , however, s e v e r a l e x c e p t i o n s wher e t r a i n i n g
i s conduct ed c ompl e t e l y o r i n p a r t a t U. S . si t es. These
e x c e p t i o n s a r e g e n e r a l l y made f o r one of t h r e e r e a s o n s :
C'
1. S u i t a b l e t r a i n i n g f a c i l i t i e s / c o n t r a c t o r s d o
n o t e x i s t i n t h e h o s t c o u n t r y .
2. Hi gh l anguage p r o f i c i e n c y i s r e q u i r e d b e f o r e
e n t e r i n g t h e h o s t c o u n t r y .
3. Te c h n i c a l e x p e r t i s e i s a v a i l a b l e o n l y i n t h e U . S .
Tr a i n i n g Co s t s
The a v e r a g e d i r e c t c o s t of t h e v a r i o u s t y p e s of t r a i n i n g
was $3, 238 p e r t r a i n e e f o r PY 1971 t r a i n e e i n p u t . Thr ough a
combi nat i on o f 1) i n c r e a s i n g t h e amount of t r a i n i n g conduct ed
t o t a l l y or p a r t l y i n t h e h o s t c o u n t r y , 2) e l i mi n a t i o n o f
t r a i n i n g o f Peace Cor ps o p e r a t e d c e n t e r s , and 3) s t r i n g e n t
c o s t c o n t r o l of t r a i n i n g , t h i s a ve r a ge d i r e c t t r a i n i n g c o s t
f o r t r a i n e e i s a n t i c i p a t e d t o d e c r e a s e t o $2, 760 f o r PY
1972 t r a i n e e s and $2, 670 f o r PY 1973 t r a i n e e s . The PY 1973
a ve r a ge cost i s l ower t h a n t h e PY 1972 a ve r a ge c o s t be c a us e
more t r a i n e e s w i l l t r a i n i n- c ount r y wher e t r a i n i n g c o s t s
a r e l ess.
( $000)
-------
F Y 1971 F Y 1972 F Y 1973
Ac t u a l Es t i ma t e Es t i ma t e
Tr a i n i n q Co s t s
1. Re gul a r Co n t r a c t $ 1, 536 $ 2, 555 $ 2, 395
2. Peace Cor ps Ce n t e r s
903 --
--
3. PC Ce n t e r s & Host Count r y 1, 364
-- --
4. Compl et e In-Host Count r y 4, 445 4, 092 6, 439
5. Co n t r a c t & In-Host Count r y 3, 096 4, 176 5, 273
6 . Tr a i n i n g Suppor t
3, 285 1, 290 2, 590
To t a l , Tr a i n i n g C o s t s $14, 629 $12, 113 $16, 697
El e me nt s 1-5 i n c l u d e a l l t r a i n i n g s p e c i a l i s t s ,
i n s t r u c t o r s a nd f a c i l i t i e s , a nd al so Tr a i n e e h o u s i n g a nd
f ood. I n t h e case o f I n- Hos t Count r y t r a i n i n g , it also
i n c l u d e s t h e c o s t o f f l y i n g e a r l y t e r mi n e e s i n t r a i n i n g
ba c k t o t h e U. S.
Ave r a ge Co s t s P e r Tr a i n e e
Co n t r a c t $3, 585 $3, 000 $3, 000
Pe a c e Cor ps Ce n t e r s 3, 793 -- --
PC Ce nt e r s - I n- Hos t Count r y 4, 147 -- --
I n- Host Count r y 2 , 6 5 1 2, 500 2, 500
Cont r a c t - I n- Hos t Count r y 3, 504 2, 900 2, 900
Tr a i n i n q Su p p o r t
The o b l i g a t i o n s f o r t h i s c a t e g o r y are summar i zed a s
f o l l o ws :
( $000)
-------
F Y 7 1 FY 72 F Y 73
-
Me di c a l Su p p o r t $ 317 $ 350 $ 385
Tr a i n e e T r a v e l 604 550 605
Ho s t Count r y I n s t r u c t o r s 2 72 100 100
L a n g u a ~ e Su p p o r t 323 140 300
Mi s c e l l a n e o u s
1. 769 150 1 , 2 0 0
T o t a l , raining Su p p o r t $3, 285 $1, 290 $2, 590
1. Me di c a l Suppor t
A l l t r a i n e e s r e c e i v e me di c a l c a r e d u r i n g t r a i n i n g and
i r nnl uni zat i ons p r i o r t o goi ng o v e r s e a s . Me di c a l c a r e i s pr o-
v i d e d a t e a c h t r a i n i n g s i t e by l o c a l p h y s i c i a n s o r h o s p i t a l s
and i s o b l i g a t e d as t h e ne e d a r i s e s . Bot h t h e e x t e n t a nd c o s t
o f t he care t h a t w i l l b e r e q u i r e d c a n o n l y b e e s t i ma t e d . From
p a s t y e a r s , it h a s cost a p p r o x i ma t e l y $25 p e r man-month.
2. Tr a i ne e Tr a ve l
Tr a i ne e e s must t r a v e l from t h e i r homes t o t h e t r a i n i n g
s i t e . I n t h o s e i n s t a n c e s where t r a i n i n g i s i n t h e U.S.,
t r a i n e e t r a v e l c o s t i n c l u d e s t r a v e l t o t h a t s i t e . I n t h e
c a s e of compl et e i n- hos t count r y t r a i n i n g , t r a i n e e t r a v e l
c o s t i nc l ude s onl y t r a v e l t o t h e poi nt of de pa r t ur e i n t h e
U. S.
3 . Tr a ve l of Host Count ry Train- I n s t r u c t o r s
---
Host Count ry I n s t r u c t o r s must be t r a ns por t e d from
t h e i r homes t o t h e t r a i n i n g s i t e.
4 . Language Suppor t
Tr a i ni ng 5500 Vol unt e e r s i n a t l e a s t 50 d i f f e r e n t
l anguages makes Peace Corps one of t h e l a r g e s t l anguage
t r a i n e r s i n t h e wor l d. To improve t h e e f f e c t i v e n e s s and
de c r e a s e t h e c o s t of l anguage t r a i n i n g , Peace Corps w i l l
i n v e s t i n t h e f ol l owi ng:
a . Eval uat i on o f each s p e c i f i c t r a i n i n g program
b. Development of new t r a i n i n g s y l l a b i
c. Development of new t r a i n i n g t e c hni que s
d. Development of l anguage t r a i n e r s
5. Mi scel l aneous
Mi scel l aneous t r a i n i n g s uppor t i nc l ude s t r a i n i n g
de s i gn, t r a i n e r s e l e c t i o n and o r i e n t a t i o n , cur r i cul um Sevel op-
ment, assessment and s e l e c t i o n of t r a i n e e s , and e v a l u a t i o n s of
t r a i n i n g .
B . VOLUNTEERS
General St a t e me n t
-
Fo l l o wi n g t r a i n i n g , t h e Vo l u n t e e r i s p l a c e d
i mme di a t e l y on h i s p r o j e c t . To m e e t t h e i n c r e a s i n g
demand by h o s t c o u n t r i e s , an i n c r e a s e i n wor l dwi de
s t r e n g t h w a s a c h i e v e d i n F Y 1972. Mor eover , t h i s
s t r e n g t h was c o n s i d e r a b l y h i g h e r i n b o t h F Y 1971 and
FY 1972 t h a n p r o j e c t e d i n t h e FY 1972 b u d g e t b e c a u s e
of t h e h i g h e r number o f e x t e n s i o n s and l owe r number
of a t t r i t i o n s t h a n p r o j e c t e d . Th i s i n f o r ma t i o n i s
summar i zed, by r e g i o n , i n t h e f o l l o wi n g t a b l e :
-- -
1/
On-Board S t r e n g t h Worldwide-
1969
-
1970
-
1971 1972 EST
-
Vo l u n t e e r s
Af r i c a 2, 359 1, 980 2, 336 2, 492
L a t i n A m e r i c a 2, 361 2, 245 2, 031 2, 205
Nor t h Af r i c a , Near
E a s t , As i a and
P a c i f i c 2, 972 2, 675 2, 618
--
2, 692
2/
P r o j e c t e d St r e n g t h - 6, 290 6, 690
The Vo l u n t e e r s t r e n g t h i s wi d e l y d i s p e r s e d i n 57
c o u n t r i e s a r ound t h e wor l d. The f l u c t u a t i o n s i n s t r e n g t h
by c o u n t r y a r e shown i n t h e f o l l o wi n g t a b l e s :
1/ A s o f 12/ 31
-
2 / 1971 Co n g r e s s i o n a l P r e s e n t a t i o n
-
ON BOARD STRENGTH'
AFRI CA
Botswana
Cameroon
Chad
Dahomey
Et hi opi a
Gambia
Ghana
I vor y Coast
Kenya
Lesot ho
Li be r i a
Malawi
Mal i
Maur i t ani a
Maur i t i us
Ni ger
Senegal
Si e r r a Leone
Swazi l and
Togo
1972 E s t .
76
98
56
61
199
75
269
116
236
33
283
38
13
6
18
78
124
207
111
90
Ug and a
19 69 1970
-
1971
- 1972 E s t .
72 70 82
114
Upper Vol t a
56 49 65
75
Za i r e
Gui nea
Ni ge r i a 66 --
--
--
Somal i Republ i c 42
-
--
-
--
-
--
-
TOTALS 2 359
198 0 2336 2492
ON BOARD STRENGTH'
LATI N AMERICA
Br a z i l
B r i t i s h Honduras
Ch i l e
Colombia
Cos t a Ri ca
Dominican Republ i c
Ea s t e r n Caribbean
Ecuador
E l Sal vador
Guat emal a
Honduras
J amai ca
Ni car agua
Par aguay
Per u
Uruguay
Venezuel a
1972 Es t .
277
3 9
82
2 18
108
79
14 3
208
85
112
14 5
191
84
7 5
119
16
224
Bol i vi a
Guyana
Panama
TOTALS
1972 Est.
ON BOARD STRENGTH 1
NORTH AFRICA/NEAR EAST/
EAST ASIA/PACIFIC
Af ghani st an
Fiji 109
I ndi a 452
I r a n 200
Korea 118
Mal aysi a 313
Mal t a --
Mi cronesi a 390
Morocco 106
Nepal 126
Phi l i ppi nes 410
Solomon I s l ands --
South Pa c i f i c Commission --
Thai l and 2 31
Tong a
Tuni s i a
western Samoa
1972 E s t .
149
117
302
166
245
34 3
8
3 14
18 3
17 9
178
6
1
229
6 8
118
86
Ceylon
Turkey
TOTALS
1972 Est.
All costs directly related to supporting Volunteers are
included in this section. The costs of travel of the Volunteers to
and from the host countries, their allowances, health care, and
a variety of other operational in-country support are provided
from these funds.
Volunteer costs will increase approximately $6 Million
in FY 1973. These increases are shown in the following table:
VOLUNTEER COSTS
ACTUAL ESTIMATE ESTIMATE
B. Volunteer Costs
1. International Travel $ 5,932 $ 5,138 $ 7,200
2. Allowances
Living
Settling-In
Leave
3. Medical Supplies & Svs. 1,706 1,655 1,927
4. In-Country Travel 682 6 76 785
5. Supplies and Equipment 430 405 471
6. Other Support 3,509 2,853 4,071
Dependent's Support (419) (473)
- -
(879)
Vehicle Procurement (231)
- -
(237)
Vehicle Shipment (29) (30)
Bureau of Employee Comp. (681) (693) (962)
Miscellaneous Costs (2,149) (1,687) (1,963)
7. Readjustment Allowance 7,581 7,462 8,067
Total, Volunteer Costs $31,853 $29,757 $35,893
1, I n t e r n a t i o n a l Tr a ve l
Th i s i n c l u d e s c o s t s o f t r a v e l and p e r di em o f t h e
Vol unt e e r s , and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n o f t h e i r p e r s o n a l e f f e c t s
t o and f r om t h e h o s t c o u n t r i e s . Funds for t r a n s p o r t i n g
t r a i n e e s r e c e i v i n g t h e t r a i n i n g i n t h e h o s t c o u n t r i e s are
a l s o i nc l ude d.
Tr a v e l t o h o s t c o un t r y 4,159 3, 624 5, 728
Tr a v e l from h o s t c ou nt r y 5, 925 5, 146 6, 066
Emergency l e a v e 383 330 330
--
To t a l Tr i p s 10, 467 9, 100 12, 124
Average u n i t c o s t 567 565 59 4
To t a l $5, 932, 000 $5, 138, 000 $7, 200, 000
2 . Al l owances of LTol unt eer s
Li vi ng Al l owance
A l i v i n g al l owance i s pr ovi ded each v o l u n t e e r t o
c ove r such d a i l y l i v i n g e xpe ns e s as s u b s i s t e n c e , medi cal
e xpe ns e s , c l o t h i n g and some j o b - r e l a t e d s u p p l i e s and
t r a v e l . The l i v i n g al l owance r e f l e c t s t h e v a r i a t i o n s i n
l i v i n g c o s t s and o t h e r l o c a l c on d i t i o ns . Fundi ng f o r l i v i n g
a l l owa nc e s are a s f ol l ows :
To t a l
F i s c a l Year
--
Man-Years --A?---- Cos t e r Man-Year Ob l i g a t i o n s
Settling-In Allowance
A one-time settling-in allowance is provided for the
Volunteer upon arrival at his post of assignment. This allow-
ance reflects the costs of settling-in and the variations in
local conditions and living costs. The following table reflects
the funding provided. for this purpose.
Number of Tot al
Fi s cal Year Allowances Paid Average Cost Obl i gat i ons
Livinq Allowance
During a vol unt eer ' s t our of s er vi ce overseas ( 2 1 t o 24 months)
he i s e n t i t l e d t o 2 days of leave each month a t $9 per day.
The t i mi ng of l eave i s dependent on t he p e c u l i a r i t i e s of t he
job t o which each Volunteer i s assi gned. The fol l owi ng t a b l e
r e f l e c t s funding f or l eave allowance on a man-year bas i s .
The FY 1971 da t a i s based on act ual exper i ence, and t hat f o r
FY 1972 and FY 1973 i s based on an average of 24 l eave days
per year.
Tot al
Fi s cal Year Man-Year s Average Cost Obl i gat i ons
3. gedi cal Suppl i es and Ser vi ces
Medical Suppl i es and Ser vi ces ar e avai l abl e t o a l l Vol unt eers.
The fol l owi ng t abl e shows funding f o r t h i s purpose on a
Volunteer man-year ba s i s ,
Tot al
Fi s c a l Year Man-Years - Average Cost Obl i gat i ons
4. In-Country Tr avel
These funds a r e f o r j ob- r el at ed i n- count r y t r a v e l and per
diem of Peace Corps Vol unt eer s ser vi ng over seas.
The funding
i s r e f l e c t e d i n t he f ol l owi ng t a b l e on a Vol unt eer man-year
bas i s .
Tot al
Fi s c a l Year Man-Years Average Cost Obl i gat i ons
5. Vol unt eer Suppl i es and Equipment
This cat egor y f i nances t he s uppl i es and equipment used by
Vol unt eers i n t h e i r job assi gnment s. The funding i s based
on t he number of Vol unt eer man-years t o be support ed.
Tot al
Fi s c a l Year Man-Years Average Cost Ob1 i g a t i ons
6. Other Support
Thi s cat egor y i ncl udes dependent ' s suppor t , vehi cl e purchase and
shipment, Bureau of Employment Compensation c os t s , and mi s cel l a-
neous suppor t i ng c os t s such a s housing al l owances and i n- s er vi ce
vol unt eer t r a i ni ng, e t c .
Obl i gat i ons
FY 1971 FY 1972 FY 1973
Dependent' s suppor t $419,000 $473,000 $879,000
Vehi cl es 231,000 --- 237,000
Vehi cl e shipment
29,000 --- 30,000
BEC 681,000 693,000 962,000
Mi scel l aneous 2,149,000 1, 687, 000 1,963,000
Tot a l $3,509,000 $2,853,000 $ 4 y 0 7 ~ , ~ ~ ~
7 . Readj ust ment Allowance
A s pr ovi ded i n t h e Peace Corps A c t , each Vol unt eer
r e c e i ve s $75 f o r each month of s e r v i c e ; Vol unt eer s l e a d e r s
r e c e i ve $125 a month. I n a l l c a s e s , t h e s e amounts a r e
pl aced i n a Tr easur y d e p o s i t account for payment on comple-
t i o n of s e r v i c e . The r e t u r n i n g Vol unt eer can use t h i s t o
l i v e on u n t i l he s e c ur e s a j ob, r e t u r n s t o s c hool , o r makes
o t h e r ar r angement s.
Tot a l
Fi s c a l Year Man-Years Average Cost Obl i ga t i ons
C. PROGRAM SUPPORT
Ge ne r a l St a t e me n t
Th i s c a t e g o r y o f expens es i n c l u d e s a l l I n t e r n a t i o n a l
Pr ogr ams s t a f f i n v o l v e d i n t h e management and o p e r a t i o n s o f
Peace Cor ps pr ogr ams o v e r s e a s and i n Washi ngt on and o t h e r
d i r e c t s u p p o r t of t h e Peace Cor ps , i . e . , s h a r e d a d mi n i s t r a t i v e
s u p p o r t ( Depar t ment of S t a t e ) , Mu l t i - n a t i o n a l Vol unt e e r
Gr a n t s , and r e s e a r c h ,
Fundi ng Summary
Pr oqr am Suppor t
1. Pe r s onne l Co s t s $12, 186 $10, 885 $10, 300
2 . Ope r a t i ng C o s t s 6, 653 5, 335 5, 185
3. Shar ed Ad mi n i s t r a t i v e
Suppor t - Bept . of
S t a t e 3, 325 3, 700 3, 700
4 . Ku l t i - n a t i o n a l vol un-
t e e r Gr a n t s ( T i t l e 111) 285 100 350
5. Resear ch 96 10 75
To t a l , Pr ogr am Suppor t $22, 545 $20, 030 $19, 610
Dur i ng t h e c u r r e n t f i s c a l y e a r , t h e o f f i c e o f ~ n t e r n a t i o n a l
Op e r a t i o n s h a s made a c o n s i s t e n t e f f o r t t o o r g a n i z e i t s re-
s o u r c e s t o e f f e c t an economi cal and e f f i c i e n t o p e r a t i o n i n
s u p p o r t of t h e Peace Cor ps Vol unt e e r .
One exampl e of t h i s e f f o r t was t h e s u c c e s s f u l r e o r g a n i z a -
t i o n of t w o r e g i o n a l o f f i c e s i n t o one o p e r a t i o n . The Ea s t
As i a ~ n d F a c i f i c Regi on and t h e Nor t h Af r i c a , Near Ea s t and
As i a Regi on were merged i n November 1971. The r e s u l t o f t h e
mer ger was a d e c r e a s e i n p e r s o n n e l and t h e e l i mi n a t i o n o f
v a r i o u s o v e r l a p p i n g d u t i e s .
A s i g n i f i c a n t change i n t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o v e r s e a s i s
. evi denced i n t h e number of f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l p e r s o n n e l who
have assumed d u t i e s p r e v i o u s l y per f or med by U. S . c i t i z e n
empl oyees. On J u l y 1, 1971, t h e r e w e r e 333 per manent U. S .
Program Suppor t empl oyees over s eas ; by June 30, 1972,
t h i s number w i l l be r educed t o 270. Cor r espondi ngl y,
t h e f o r e i g n n a t i o n a l f i g u r e on June 30, 1972 w i l l be
315. The f u l l f undi ng i mpact of t h i s change i n per s onnel
w i l l be f e l t dur i ng f i s c a l ye a r 1973.
I n f i s c a l ye a r 1973, t h e r e w i l l be a renewed
e f f o r t t o keep o p e r a t i n g expenses e qua l t o , o r less
t ha n, t h o s e same c o s t s f o r f i s c a l ye a r 1972. Ther e i s
l i t t l e l i ke l i hood, however, t h a t any r e a l s a vi ngs w i l l
be v i s i b l e due t o t h e c ont i nui ng i n f l a t i o n a r y t r e n d i n
most Peace Corps c o u n t r i e s . An added f a c t o r which w i l l
hamper our d r i v e f o r l ower over head c o s t s i n f i s c a l ye a r
1973 i s t h e a n t i c i p a t e d reduced buyi ng power of t h e
d o l l a r .
Per sonnel
The Associate Di r e c t or far I n t e r n a t i o n a l Opera-
t i o n s d i r e c t s a s t a f f of 748 peopl e worl dwi de. A summary
of worl dwi de Program Suppor t per s onnel f ol l ows :
Permanent f u l l - t i me Per sonnel
1972
-
1973
-
Washington 163 163
Over seas
U. S . S t a f f
270 270
For ei gn Nat i onal s 315
-
315
-
Tot a l 748 748
I n Washi ngt on, t h e s t a f f of I n t e r n a t i o n a l Opera-
t i o n s i s or gani zed i n t o 3 r e gi ons , each headed by a
Regi onal Di r e c t or . I n a ddi t i on, t h e r e a r e 6 o f f i c e s t o
g i v e d i r e c t s uppor t t o r e gi ona l ope r a t i ons .
Office of t h e As s oci at e Di r e c t or
Af r i c a Region ( AF)
La t i n America Region (LA)
Nort h Af r i c a , Near Ea s t , Asi a & P a c i f i c
Region (NANEAP)
Program and Tr a i ni ng Counci l
Spe c i a l Se r vi c e s
Medi cal Af f a i r s
Eval uat i on and Management I nf or mat i on
Mul t i - Nat i onal and Spe c i a l Programs
Over seas S t a f f
The Peace Corps ope r a t i on i n each of 55 c o u n t r i e s
ove r s e a s ( excl udi ng Mal t a and t h e Br i t i s h Solomons) i s
managed by a Count ry Di r e c t or , who i s s uppor t ed by program
t e c h n i c a l r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s , d o c t o r s , nur s e s , and admi ni s-
t r a t i v e per s onnel a s r e qui r e d. The i r ge ne r a l f unc t i ons
embrace t h e f ol l owi ng a r e a s :
Funct i on
Management
- mai nt ai n c o n t a c t wi t h Host Count ry
o f f i c i a l s / a g e n c i e s
- s upe r vi s e s t a f f and vol unt e e r s
- det er mi ne program emphasi s
- make f i n a l d e c i s i o n s a t count r y l e v e l
- pr e pa r e c ount r y budget
- pr ovi de per s onnel s uppor t f o r
vol unt e e r s and s t a f f
- e xe c ut e a l l vol unt e e r and s t a f f
f i n a n c i a l t r a n s a c t i o n s - e . g. , l i v i n g
al l owances
- a r r a nge a l l t r a v e l f o r vol unt e e r s
and s t a f f
- account f o r a l l money o b l i g a t e d
J
- pr ovi de s upe r vi s or y a s s i s t a n c e t o
vol unt e e r s
- pr ovi de t e c h n i c a l a s s i s t a n c e t o
vol unt e e r s
- pl a n and devel op new programs
- wr i t e program j ob d e s c r i p t i o n f o r
Peace Corps/Washington appr oval ,
t r a i n e e r e c r ui t me nt , and t r a i n i n g
c o n t r a c t i n g
- or ga ni z e and c oor di na t e i n- s e r vi c e
t r a i n i n g programs and mi d- ser vi ce
conf er ences
- mai nt ai n c o n t a c t wi t h Host Count ry
agenci es
Medical Care
- medical care for volunteers and staff
- act as programming personnel for
health programs
Administrative Services
- clerical tasks
- mail clerks/messengers
- driversimessengers
- janitors
- guards
Funding for Program Support
1. Personnel Costs
Personnel costs include funds for salaries and associated
retirement benefits, health and life insurance for United
States personnel and foreign national personnel. Other costs
included are for temporary, part-time and intermittent personnel,
overtime costs, terminal leave, and personnel on detail to the
Peace Corps from other agencies.
($000)
FY 1972 FY 1973 Net Change
U.S, Permanent Employees $8,457 $8,215 $ - 242
Foreign National
Employees 1,579 1,775 + 196
Temporary, Part-time and
Intermittent Employees 395 7 5 - 320
Reimbursable Details 100 - - - 100
Overtime 2 9 10 - 19
Terminal Leave 32 5 225 - 100
Total, Personnel Costs $10,885 $10,300 $ - 585
2. Operating Costs
This category covers travel and other support costs for International
staff. Included is both operational travel performed by Washington
and overseas personnel and post assignment and home leave travel
for overseas personnel. Also included in this category are other
essential costs for overseas personnel such as office rents,
cmunications, utilities, supplies, equipment and residential
allowances and rents. These may be summarized as follows:
Operational Travel
Post Assignment and Hm~e
C- Leave Travel
Language Training
Educational allowances
Quarters allowance and
Residential rents
Office rents, communica-
tions and utilities
Supplies & Equipment (Pur-
chase and shipment)
Miscellaneous Contractual
Costs
Total, Operating Costs
FY 1972 FY 1973 Net Change
3. Shared Administrative Support - Department of State
The Peace Corps, along with other U.S. Government
agencies located overseas, participates in a Shared
~dministrative Support (SAS) agreement with the Depart-
ment of State.
Peace Corps is assessed for direct services it receives
overseas in the fields of accounting, auditing, communica-
tion, leasing, etc. In addition, Peace Corps also
pays for administrative support services performed
by employees of the Department of State in Washington.
SAS - Dept. of State $3,700 $3,700 - 0 -
Multinational Volunteer Grants (Title 111)
-
Title 111 of the Peace Corps Act, as amended, provides
for encouraging and assisting volunteer programs in
other countries under national or international
auspices. The Office of Multi-National and Special
Programs of the Peace Corps is responsible for imple-
menting Title I11 and conducts its activities as
follows:
a. Bilaterally through the exchange of information
with countries which have volunteer programs
or which indicate interest in developing such
programs. It also seeks to assist those
countries wishing to establish volunteer
programs by providing technical expertise
and by advising such organizations on financial
and other resources which might be available
in the international and private sectors.
b. Multilaterally, through coordinating the U.S.'s
participation in the International Secretariat
for Volunteer Services.
c. The Office is also charged with coordinating
and supervising Peace Corps' relations with
the UN, UN agencies, and other international,
multilateral and/or regional organizations.
It encourages multi-national programming and
works closely with existing volunteer organiza-
tions for this purpose.
T i t l e I11 Gr ant s
5. Research
( $000)
FY 72 F Y 7 3 N e t Chanqe
The o b j e c t i v e of i n t e r n a t i o n a l r e s e a r c h i s t o devel op and
di s s e mi na t e a ppl i e d r e s e a r c h t h a t w i l l h e l p t h e Peace
Corps t o c a r r y o u t i t s ope r a t i ons . Thi s r e s e a r c h i nc l ude s
s t u d i e s f o r i mprovi ng t h e t r a i n i n g and ove r s e a s perform-
ance of Vol unt eer s .
( $000)
FY 7 2 F Y 7 3 Net Change
Research
CONTRIBUTIONS FROM HOST COUNTRIES
The Peace Corps has c ont i nua l l y pursued a pol i cy of encour agi ng h o s t count r y c ont r i but i ons . While t he s e
have remained r oughl y cons t ant over t he ye a r s , t hey s t i l l r e pr e s e nt a s i g n i f i c a n t c ont r i but i on by h o s t
governments, many of which a r e r e l a t i v e l y underdevel oped. I n FY 1973 t hey w i l l r e pr e s e nt a t a ngi bl e pe r c e nt
of funds a v a i l a b l e and an i mpor t ant demonst r at i on of hos t count r y commitment. Recent h i s t o r i c a l exper i ence
i s cont ai ned on t h e f ol l owi ng t a b l e :
Host Country Cont r i but i ons By Region
( I n t housands of d o l l a r s )
p AFRICA
I
IU
\o NORTH AFRICA, NEAR
EAST, ASIA AND
PACIFIC
LATIN AMERICA
TOTAL
ACTUAL ESTIMATED
1965
-
1966
-
1967
-
1968
-
1969
-
1970
-
1971
-
1972
-
1973
-
I
ACTIVITY I11 - SUPPORT PROGRAMS 1
1
1972 1973 1 Increase or
Est i mat e Est i mat e Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. Amo$nt Pos. Amount
Personnel compensation
a ndbe ne f i t s ....... 595 $11,005 595 $10,276 --- -$ 729
C Other expenses ....... --- 8,257 --- 12,$24 ---
+ 3,967
Tot al ............ 595 $19,262 595 $22,400 --- +$3,238
General Statement
Si nce t he format i on of ACTION on J ul y 1, 1972 a c t i v i t i e s have
been es t abl i s hed f or t he generalmanagement and supp rt of the
i nt er nat i onal and domestic programs. Such a c t i v i t i e s ' ? a r e of bot h
t he gener al support i ve nat ur e requi red d o r t he oper at i on of any
or gani zat i on, and t hose which address themselves spe i f i c a l l y t o t he
requi rement s of a vol unt ar y act i on agency. Thei r f u ct i ons a r e t o
obt ai n t he vol unt eer s needed t o implement t he i nt e r n t i ona l and
i
domestic pr oj ect s conducted by ACTION, t o eval uat e oh-going pr oj ect s ,
t o develop and experiment wi t h new or var i ed programi i ni t i at i ves, t o
provi de broad pol i cy gui del i nes and t o provi de for gdneral admi ni s t r at i ve
support .
Under "Support Programs", funds a r e provided fo$ t he recrui t ment ,
s el ect i on, and placement of vol unt eer s pr i mar i l y f or , , but not l i mi t ed
t o, Peace Corps and VISTA programs. Funds a r e a l s o rovided f or
program development, which i ncl udes new program ni t i a t i ve s ,
t
developmental programs and t he broad eval uat i on of a 1 on-going pyOgraIllS.
The VISTA Uni ver si t y Year f or ACTION (UYA) program w & one of the
f i r s t r e s ul t s of t h i s e f f or t . A t hi r d cat egory of edf or t funded under
Support Programs i s t he management and admi ni st r at i vq ar ea which
8
i ncl udes t he Di r ect or ' s off i ce, s t a f f s f or l egal , pub)l i c a f f a i r s ,
vol unt ar y act i on l i a i s on, and mi nori t y a f f a i r s , a s well1 a s t he
personnel , account i ng, cont r act i ng, automatic dat a prbcessi ng, and
. ot her s er vi ces needed f or t he Agency.
A l l of t he support programs a r e organized t o s er ke t he e n t i r e
agency and cannot be i dent i f i ed s pe c i f i c a l l y wi t h e i t he r t he i nt e r -
nat i onal or domestic a c t i vi t i e s . They a r e e s s e nt i a l t o t he e f f e c t i ve
oper at i on of bot h cat egor i es of ACTION programs, and conducted i n t h i s
manner, a r e t he bes t way of provi di ng t he e f f i c i e nc i e s sought when t he
var i ous federal l y-sponsored vol unt eer programs were m$rged i nt o t he
ACTION agency. However, funds f or support programs will r equi r e
separate i de nt i f i c a t i on with the international- and d me s t i c -
a
programs, i f the funds f or the Agency are approp iated'in two
b i l l s ; one f or i nt er nat i onal programs and one f o domestic programs.
Given t h i s requirement, it has been determined t a t t he most
i
equi t abl e means of making such a di s t r i but i on i s a pr or at i on on
t he bas i s of work-load as r ef l ect ed by t he permaqient f ul l - t i me
personnel associ at ed wi t h i nt er nat i onal and dome$tic programs.
Based on such computation, which ar e shown i n t he t abl e below, t he
shar e of Support Program funding appl i cabl e t o I qt er nat i onal
Programs i s $14,828,000, and $7,672,000 i s associ at ed wi t h Domestic
Programs.
Al l ocat i on of Program Support Co$ts
($000)
FY 1973 Permanent Posi t i ons
I nt er nat i onal Programs
Domestic Programs
Support Programs
Tot al 1,729
Tot al I nt er nat i onal and Domestic Posi t i ons = 1,134
I nt er nat i onal Posi t i ons as percentage of 1#134 = 65.9%
Domestic Posi t i ons as percentage of 1,134 = 34.1%
FY 1973 Support Programs = $22,500
I nt er nat i onal Programs share (22,500 x 65.g%) = $14,828
Domestic Programs share ($22,500 x 34.1%) $ 7,672
The FY 1973 request f or Support Programs i s $22,500,000, a net
i ncrease of $3,238,000 above t he FY 1972 l evel , and i s di s t r i but ed
as fol l ows:
Increase or
FY 1972 F% 1973 Decrease
Recruitment, s el ect i on and
placement $7, 107 $6, 895 $ - 212
Pol i cy and program
d eve 1 opmen t 1,508 3,, 349 +I, 841
Management and admi ni st r at i on 10,647 12!, 256 +1,609
Tot al $19,262 $22', 500 $ +3,238
The i ndi vi dual r equest s ar e more f u l l y d i s c u ~s e d i n t he fol l owi ng
pages .
Recrui t ment , Sel ect i on, and la cement
( $000)
I
1972 1973 I ncr ease or
Est i mat e ES t imat/e Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. Amdunt Pos. Amount
and benef i t s . . . . . . . 223 $4,664
223 $4,138 --- -$526
Ot her Expenses ........ --- 2,443
--- 2,i757 --- + 314
Tot a l 223 $7,107 223 $69,895 --- -$2 12
I nt r oduct i on:
The Of f i ce of Ci t i zens Placement is responsi b4e f o r t he r e c r u i t -
ment of vol unt eer s , t he pr ocessi ng of appl i cat i ons from pot e nt i a l
vol unt eer s and t he placement of s el ect ed appl i cant s i n t o ACTION
approved i nt e r na t i ona l and domest i c programs, and 411 a c t i v i t i e s
r e l a t e d t o meet i ng t hes e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s . Includqd i n t hes e a c t i v i -
t i e s i s t he need t o cont i nual l y moni t or and eval uade t he ef f ect i venes s
of t he r e c r ui t i ng e f f o r t and how wel l t he appl i cands a r e matched wi t h
t he program requi rement s of our i nt e r na t i ona l and domest i c pr oj ect s .
Recruitment: The r ecr ui t ment e f f o r t s of t he gency must be con-
s i s t e n t wi t h program requi rement s. Thus, t he r e c r 4 i t i n g must be two-
pronged. F i r s t , t he r e must be conducted a broadl y based campaign
t hrough t he var i ous media and i n s t i t u t i o n s t o make t he gener al publ i c
aware of t he v a r i e t y of oppor t uni t i es a va i l a bl s forl vol unt ar y s er vi ce.
Secondly, more s p e c i f i c campaigns desi gned t o obt aqn pa r t i c ul a r s k i l l s
a r e conducted wi t h pr of es s i onal or gani zat i ons , uni qns, and educat i onal
i n s t i t u t i o n s . The e f f o r t s of t he agency' s r ecr ui t qng a c t i v i t i e s
t hrough March 22 FY 1972 have r es ul t ed i n 157, 828 i qqui r i e s and 27,146
appl i cat i ons . It i s est i mat ed t h a t 51,600 appl i cadi ons w i l l be
recei ved dur i ng t he e n t i r e year . Thi s r e f l e c t s an i ncr eas e of 9,600 or
23% over FY 1971. A f u r t h e r i ncr eas e of lo%, or 5d,000 appl i cat i ons
w i l l be r equi r ed i n FY 1973 t o provi de f o r 500 mord f ul l - t i me and
numerous par t - t i me vol unt eer s . Of p a r t i c u l a r not e i s t he i ncr eased
success i n obt ai ni ng appl i cat i ons from p o t e n t i a l vdl unt eer s possessi ng
s k i l l s which a r e i n s hor t suppl y i n t hose ar eas whdre t he agency has
program requi rement s. These a r e a s i ncl ude t he ski wl ed t r ades such a s
plumbers, e l e c t r i c i a n s , mechanics, and car pent er s ; t h e pr of essi ons,
such a s t he t eachi ng of mathematics and s ci ence, sdhool curri cul um
development, c i t y pl anni ng and a r c hi t e c t ur e , and a dr i c ul t ur e , bot h
t hose wi t h a c t u a l farmi ng exper i ence and t hos e i t h pr of es s i onal s k i l l s
i n a gr i c ul t ur e sci ences. I n addi t i on, s i g n i f i c n t cont i nui ng e f f o r t s
a r e bei ng addressed towards r e c r u i t i n g among m i o r i t y groups. Mi nori t y
group appl i cat i ons have i ncr eased s u b s t a n t i a l l y f o r t he f i r s t e i g h t
months of oper at i on t o 1,392 appl i cat i ons .
X
Processi ng: The processi ng a c t i v i t i e s incbude t hose which respond
t o i nqui r i e s and which provi de t he agency' s conbi nui ng cont act wi t h a l l
appl i cant s . The system i s desi gned f o r expedi t Pous and f a i r handl i ng
of a l l appl i cant s , and i ncl udes c ol l e c t i ng r ef er ences and making de t e r -
mi nat i ons a s t o t h e i r medi cal and l e g a l s u i t a b i e i t y . Informat i on f i l e s
on a l l appl i cant s a r e es t abl i s hed and made a va i l a bl e t o t he placement
o f f i c e r s .
Placement: Placement a c t i v i t i e s i ncl ude t h e eval uat i on and pl ace-
ment of appl i cant s found medi cal l y and l e g a l l y e u i t a b l e f o r ACTION
programs. It is her e t h a t t he match between t h e vol unt eer and t he
s p e c i f i c vol unt eer t a s k i s made. The i nvi t a t i obs t o j oi n t he program
a r e i ssued t hrough t h i s a c t i v i t y and upon accept ance t he act i ons
necessary t o pr oper l y s t a ge and t r ans por t t he vol unt eer t o t he t r a i ni ng
s i t e a r e undert aken,
Funding: The FY 1973 fundi ng r eques t f o r kecrui t ment , Sel ect i on,
and Placement i s $6,895,000, a r educt i on of $21 ,000 from t he FY 1972
l evel . Thi s r educt i on r e f l e c t s t he net of a $5 t 6,000 r educt i on i n
personnel compensation p a r t i a l l y of f s e t by an i bcr eas e of $314,000 i n
ot her expenses. The r educt i on i n personnel com4ensation fundi ng
r epr es ent s one of t h e e f f i c i e n c i e s achi eved i n $s t a bl i s hi ng ACTION.
The permanent st af f level on July 1, 1971, when t he VISTA and Peace Corps
recruiting act i vi t i es merged, was approximately 81 higher than the level
anticipated f or June 30, 1972.
This represents a 26% reduction i n one year.
The i ncr eas e i n "Other Expenses" i s t o support t he i ncr eas e i n
ant i ci pat ed r ecr ui t ment and placement a c t i v i t i e $ , p a r t i c u l a r l y i n t he
ar eas of s peci al i zed r e c r u i t i n g f o r t he new pro$ram i n i t i a t i v e s bei ng
undert aken, and f o r t he i nvest ment necessar y f o t f u r t h e r uni f i c a t i on
and comput eri zat i on of appl i cant pr ocessi ng and f i l e s .
It i s not abl e t h a t i n FY 1971, pr i or t o t hq merger which es t ab-
l i s hed ACTION, fundi ng f o r t h i s purpose f o r t h e p e a c e Corps was
$7,076,600 and $2,469,000 f o r VISTA. The t o t a l ' f o r t hes e s epar at e
e f f o r t s was $9,545,600 a s compared t o a level ofi $7,107,000 i n FY 1972;
a reduction of 2,438,600.
A significant' portiod of the reduction is
at t ri but abl e t o economies of scale enjoyed as a resul t of the merger
and the balance is the resul t of, pol i cy changes i ni t i at ed by ACTION.
Policy and Program Developdent
($000)
O Increase or
Estimate ~stidte Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. ~dount Pos. Amount
Psrsonnel compensation
and benefits....... 36 $ 674
36 $1,096 --- +$ 422
Other expenses........ - - 8 34
- - 2,253 --- + 1,419
Total.. . . . . . . . . . 36 $1,508 36 $3,349 --- +$1,841
Introduction:
ACTION'S program development efforts are ceptered in the Office of
Policy and Program Development. This office is responsible for the
development of new initiatives to bring a full rBnge of volunteer efforts
to bear on awide range of problems of the disadbantaged, for the eval-
uation of such program development efforts, and for the overall evaluation
of on-going volunteer programs.
Program Development and Initiatives: ACTION is devoting major
efforts to the development of new volunteer progkam initiatives. Program
models are being developed to realize gains from a full range of avail-
able volunteer and sponsor resources. One of the volunteer programs which
has been developed is the University Year for ACTION program which makes
use of full-time university students and university resources.
New program initiatives are managed by the Office of Policy and
Program Development through the initial development and start-up phases
until their feasibility has been demonstrated anfl operating experience
obtained. If the program is successful, program management will then
be transferred to either the International or Dodnestic program areas.
Activity I1 contains descriptions of such domestdc programs.
Program Evaluation: The evaluation efforts include both the
evaluation of new program initiatives and the cmparative evaluation of
on-going programs.
New program initiatives are evaluated to determine whether their
on-going operation is warrented. The impact on the target community
and the costs of the program are jointly considered, along with the
future financial impact of these programs.
Comparative evaluation techniques are used to determine the rela-
tive impact of on-going programs. Program evaluation systems, general
in scope, are being designed to generate data ecessary for comparative
evaluation. This data, (along with other cons g derations), will be used
to help channel scarce dollar resources to arebs of maximum benefit to
the poor.
Funding: The FY 1973 funding request for policy and program
development is $3,349,000, an increase of $1,8k1,000 over the FY 1972
funding level of $1,508,000. An increase of $422,000 appears in the
area of personnel compensation. This increase is attributable to the
gradual staffing of this office in FY 1972, and its full year staffing
in FY 1973.
The increase of $1,419,000 over the FY 1972 level for other ex-
penses represents money expended for the evalubtion of broad based
volunteer programs, both established and new pkograms, for the develop-
ment of a system design and system implementation which will generate
the data for evaluation, and for the developme4t and start-up of pro-
grams, in consultation with the poor, with anti-poverty sponsoring
agencies, with universities and with other con@erned citizens.
Management and ~ d mi n i s t r a t $on
($000)
I
I
1972 1973 Increase or
Estimate Est i qat e Decrease
Pos. Amount Pos. Amount Pos. Amount
and benef i t s . . . . . . . 336 $ 5,677 336 $ 5,042 --- -$ 635
Other expenses ....... --- 4,970 --- 7,214 --- + 2,244
Tot al .. . . .. . .. . . . 336 $10,647 336 $12,256 --- +$1,609
Int roduct i on:
Management and admi ni st r at i on provi des gen4ral guidance and support
t o a l l t he ot her operat i ng organi zat i ons i n ACTYON. This cat egory i s
di vi ded i n two major ar eas: (1) a c t i v i t i e s of s/ t aff of f i ces which ar e
r e l a t i ve l y smal l and deal wi t h s peci f i c funct i ods, and ( 2) admi ni st ra-
t i on, fi nance, and personnel which ar e involved \with t he more t r a di -
t i ona l admi ni st r at i ve and housekeeping ' functiond.
St af f Servi ces: The vari ous s t a f f ser vi ces of t he agency i ncl ude
t he management f unct i on of t he Offi ce of t he Di dect or, l egal counsel ,
i nt e r na l audi t , congressi onal l i ai s on, and publ i ~c a f f a i r s . I n addi-
t i on, an Offi ce of Mi nori t y Af f ai r s has been est abl i shed t o oversee
t he agency' s a c t i v i t i e s i n t h i s important ar ea i ~ n terms of hi r i ng and
promotional pol i ci es as wel l as i n t he recruitmelnt of vol unt eers.
Also, included among t he s t a f f of f i ces i s t he 0fIfice of Voluntary
Action Li ai son which i s responsi bl e f or l i a i s on p i t h ot her publ i c and
pr i vat e vol unt eer organi zat i ons and provi des carper counseling and
information on job oppor t uni t i es t o former volunlteers.
Admi ni st rat i on, Finance, and Personnel Suppbrt: These funct i ons
i ncl ude t he f i nanci al management of ACTION, i ncl bdi ng budgeting and
accounting; s t a f f recrui t ment , t r ai ni ng, and perponnel management;
computer ser vi ces; and t he vas t maj ori t y of t he pgency's procurement.
Addi t i onal funct i ons i ncl ude t he management of t lephone, mai l , cabl e
and pr i nt i ng a c t i vi t i e s , providing l i br a r y s e r vi 1 es and handling t he
suppl i es, equipment, and ot her agency housekeepibg chores.
Funding: The FY 1973 request f or Administr t i o n i s $12,256,000,
+$a net i ncrease of $1,609,000 as compared t o t he 6 Y 1972 l evel . The
reduct i on of $635,000 f or personnel compensation! r e f l e c t s t he l evel -
i ng of f of t he s t a f f t o 336 duri ng FY 1972 ba s e don t he e f f i c i e nc i e s
achieved from t he merger as compared t o t he l evel s requi red when t he
vari ous programs were i n di f f e r e nt agencies.
The l ar ges t pa r t of t he i ncrease i n Ot herExpenses i s t he cost
of $1,500,000 t o consol i dat e a l l ACTION headqu r t e r s personnel i n a
s i ngl e bui l di ng. Current l y, t he headquart ers 1 ersonnel a r e l ocat ed
i n t hr ee di f f e r e nt bui l di ngs, and t h i s s i t ua t i 4n r e s ul t s i n major
i nef f i ci enci es f or a r e l a t i ve l y smal l organizaltion. Such cos t s
must be included i n t he agency' s funds f or two years i n accordance
wi t h procedures est abl i shed by t he General Servi ces Administration.
Of f - set t i ng c r e di t s w i l l be est abl i shed f or t he Federal Government
f or t hose l ocat i ons which ACTION vacat es. The balance of t he
i ncrease, $609,000, i s r el at ed t o mandatory FTQ and postage
i ncr eases, i ncreased pr i nt i ng and mai l i ng ser vi ces i n support of
t he expanded programs and investment i n compleaing t he computeriza-
t i on and consol i dat i on of t he agency' s payr ol l , accounting and
personnel systems. The reduct i on i n s t a f f i ng I s predi cat ed on
completing t he l a t t e r e f f or t .
Without t he bui l di ng, t he management and ddmi ni st rat i on cos t s of
ACTION would i ncrease $109,000 i nst ead of $1,6d9,000.

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