This document provides information about grammar and language tips in Norwegian. It discusses conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions relating to time and cause, the use of 'sin', 'sitt', 'sine' for possession, word order with 'da' as a conjunction or adverb, and the use of prepositions like 'på' and 'i' with places.
This document provides information about grammar and language tips in Norwegian. It discusses conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions relating to time and cause, the use of 'sin', 'sitt', 'sine' for possession, word order with 'da' as a conjunction or adverb, and the use of prepositions like 'på' and 'i' with places.
This document provides information about grammar and language tips in Norwegian. It discusses conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions relating to time and cause, the use of 'sin', 'sitt', 'sine' for possession, word order with 'da' as a conjunction or adverb, and the use of prepositions like 'på' and 'i' with places.
This document provides information about grammar and language tips in Norwegian. It discusses conjunctions, subordinating conjunctions relating to time and cause, the use of 'sin', 'sitt', 'sine' for possession, word order with 'da' as a conjunction or adverb, and the use of prepositions like 'på' and 'i' with places.
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Grammar & Language Tips
GRAMMAR HELP: Here's a rough list of conjunctions in Norwegian. In response to uestions a!out connecti"es. The coordinating conjunctions are: # og $an%&' the (ost freuentl)*use% wor% in Norwegian # (en $!ut& # h"er+en , eller $neither , nor& also spelle% "er+en , eller # enten .. eller $either .. or& # for $for' !ecause& -u!or%inating conjunctions $un%eror%en%e +onjun+sjoner or su!jun+sjoner& are arrange% !elow !) the areas that the) represent. general subordinating conjunctions: at $that& o( $if' whether& denoting or relating time: n.r $when' whene"er& %a $when / in the past& f0r $!efore in ti(e& s. $then ** after that& etter $after in ti(e& (ens $while& til' inntil $until& si%en $since&. Also use% in the ti(e e1pression for.. si%en 2ago2 h"is $if& o( $whether 3 if& %erso( $in case& uten at $without& denoting cause for%i $!ecause& etterso( $since& %enoting concession s+j0nt 3 ens+j0nt $although& sel" o( 3 sel"o( $e"en though& denoting intent for . $in or%er to& 2 denoting comparison enn $than& jo,.jo $the , the / e.g. the (ore the (errier& %esto .. %esto $the,the / e.g. the (ore the (errier& so( 3 li+eso(3 li+so( $as well as& so( o( $as if& 4A * 4a is !oth an a%"er! an% a su!or%inating conjunction. As an a%"er! it (eans 'then' ** at a specific ti(e in the past. If the sentence starts with an a%"er! $4a' n.' i %ag' i g.r&' the "er! follows in position 56. I %ag er $"er!& %et $su!ject& internasjonal +"inne%ag. ** IN7ER-I8N 4a $a%"er!& "ar $"er!& %et $su!ject& "el%ig +al%t $then it was reall) col%& IN7ER-I8N If 2%a' is wor+ing as a su!or%inate $su!or%inating& conjunction' there is N8 in"ersion ** nor(al -u! * "er! wor% or%er ** in that clause. $in"ersion in the ne1t clause if the su!or%inate clause -9AR9- the sentence'& 4a (annnen leste a"isen' "ar han i :erlin. ;hen the (an rea% the newspaper' he was in :erlin. 4a $su!or%inate conjunction& (annnen $su!ject of su!or%inate clause& leste $"er! of su!or%inate clause& a"isen' "ar $"er! ** in"erte% ** of MAIN clause& han $su!ject of MAIN clause& i :erlin. USING 'SIN', 'SITT', 'SINE': In Norwegian' when the thing 2possesse%2 refers !ac+ to the su!ject' instea% of the usual wor%s for his' her' its' the wor%s <= (ust !e use%. 3 A fe e!amples: E!ample " Peter s. huset sitt. Peter saw his house. $He saw his own house.& Notice' Peter is the su!ject AN4 he saw his 8;N house' we use the refle1i"e <sitt=. E!ample # 4a"i% har et n)tt hus. Peter s. huset hans. 4a"i% has a new house. Peter saw his house. In this case Peter is not seeing his own house> Peter is the su!ject !ut the house !elongs to so(eone else' to 4a"i%' so we use the possesi"e a%jecti"e =. E!ample $ ?eg s. huset hans. I saw his house. I a( the su!ject' !ut the house is not (ine' again we use =. E!ample % 4a"i% "iser Peter huset sitt. 4a"i% shows Peter his house. 4a"i% is the su!ject an% the house !elongs to 4a"i%' we use the refle1i"e. E!ample & 4a"i% har et hus. Huset hans er n)tt. 4a"i% has a house. His house is new. @areful> 9he H8A-E is the su!ject in the secon% sentence' no nee% for a refle1i"e possesi"e. In English' 2Marit is washing her car2' nee%s so(e conte1t to +now whose car. In Norwegian * 2Marit "as+er !ilen sin2 $her own car&. 2Marit "as+er !ilen hennes2 $so(e other wo(an's car&. 4iscussion of N8AN for(s here: http:33www.phrase!ase.co(3archi"e3norwegian63BC6D.ht(l an% a helpful chart here: http:33www.stolaf.e%u3%epts3norwegian3gra((ar3nouns.ht(l 4 Asing 'which'' 'who'' 'who(' an% 'so(': '(I)(: EH"il+enF !o+ leser %uG * ;hich !oo+ are )ou rea%ingG' !ut' :o+en Eso(F jeg leser er A(eri+a*:re"e. * 9he !oo+ which I'( rea%ing is....... '(*: EH"e(F er %en +"innen i r0% +joleG * ;ho is the wo(an in the re% %ressG' !ut' H"innen Eso(F har r0% +jole er Hristina. * 9he who has the re% %ress is....... '(*+: EH"e(F sna++er %u tilG * 9o ;ho( are spea+ingG' !ut' Han Eso(F jeg sna++er til er ?ohn. * He who( I a( spea+ing to....... Use of "P" AND "I": p.: http:33www.le1in.no3le1in.ht(lG%ictIn!o*eng*(a1iJui* langIENGJchec+e%*languagesIEJchec+e%*languagesINJchec+e%* languagesI:JsearchIpK@LKAM i: http:33www.le1in.no3le1in.ht(lG%ictIn!o*eng*(a1iJui* langIENGJchec+e%*languagesIEJchec+e%*languagesINJchec+e%* languagesI:JsearchIi ,-., and ,i, ith places / 0rom Spr.1r.det: Noran %e aller fleste ste%sna"n $!)er' ste%er' !)g%er' fjell* og lan%o(r.%er os".& og a%(inistrati"e na"n !ru+es i n.r %et er p.ste%sangi"else: In front of (ost place na(es $@ities' towns' "illages' (ountain an% lan% areas an% so on& an% a%(inistrati"e na(es use i when gi"ing location infor(ation. i An%esfjellene' i Asia' i :ergen' i 4r0!a+' i Ninn(ar+ f)l+e' i Ha(ar +o((une' i Nor%*Norge' i New Oor+' i Ron%ane' i -etes%alen' i -0r*-pania' i 9r0n%elag' i 9)s+lan%' i 7la%i"osto+ Et "i+tig unnta+ er en %el na"n p. nors+e !)er' tettste%er og lan%s+aper' %er p. har tra%isjon: An i(portant e1ception are a few na(es of Norwegian towns' "illages an% lan%scapes' here p. is tra%itional. p. :r)ne' p. Geilo' p. Helgelan%' p. Hongs!erg' p. Lilleha((er' p. Lin%.s' p. Mol%e' p. M0re' p. 8pp%al' p. Ringeri+e' p. Rju+an' p. Ro(eri+e' p. R0ros' p. -ortlan%' p. -ta!e++' p. -tein+jer' p. 9oten' p. 9)nset' p. 7ennesla' p. 7oss' p. Pn%alsnes' p. Ps 5
8gs. !)%elsna"n f.r gjerne p. foran seg: p. :lin%ern' p. Nuruset' p. Haganes' p. La%e' p. Majorstua' p. M0hlenpris' p. -torhaug' p. -to"ner' p. 9"eito' p. 7.lan% os". Grunnen til at !)na"n og !)%elsna"n f.r p. foran seg' er ofte at %e er ga(le g.r%sna"n. 9he reason that a town an% "illage na(e gats p. infront of it is that is is often an ol% far( na(e. Noran na"ngitte !)gater er i %et "anlige' (en p. er fast "e% "isse na"n: In front of na(e% cit) streets i is usual' !ut p. is fi1e% with these na(es. p. 4ra((ens"eien' p. Harl ?ohan o.a. 4essuten !ru+es p. o( torg o.l.: p. -olli plass' p. 9orgal(enningen. 8( gatea%resser er i li+e"el %et "anlige' ogs. %er p. ellers !ru+es: In street a%%resses i is also usual' e"en when p. is use% for the street.: +ontorer i Harl ?ohans gate 6D' leilighet i Par+"eien. Grunnen er no+ at %et her "ises til !)gnings(assen %er gata g.r. 9he reason for this is that is points to the !uil%ing where the street goes. Noran fjelltopper !ru+es p. In front of (ountain tops use p.....: p. Gal%h0piggen' p. Gaustatoppen' p. Hnutsh0 os". Et tre%je unnta+ utgj0r %e fleste 0)er' 0)grupper og 0)stater: A thir% e1eption co(prises (ost of the islan%s' islan% groups an% islan% states p. :o+n' p. @u!a' p. Nilippinene' p. N)n' p. NQr0)ene' p. Gr0nlan%' p. Hawaii' p. Hitra' p. Islan%' p. ?el0)a' p. Hanari0)ene' p. LanRarote' p. Ma%eira' p. Malta' p. Moster' p. N)*Sealan% $eller New Sealan%&' p. 8r+n0)ene' p. Ro%os' p. Run%e' p. -ar%inia' p. -enja' p. -jQllan%' p. -(0la' p. -ri Lan+a' p. -u(atra' p. 9aiwan' p. 7i+na' p. Tst*9i(or' p. Plan% 4et heter li+e"el: 9hese are still use%... i In%onesia' i Irlan%' i ?apan' i Lofoten' i -tor!ritannia. It's not that %ifferent fro( English where )ou'% tal+ a!out !eing in the town or cit) !ut on the far( or (ountain or islan%. It's just getting )our hea% roun% the co((on usage. 6 Prepositions: http:33spra+ra%.no3n!* no3-pra+hjelp3Retts+ri"ingU8r%!oe+er3-+ri"ereglerUogUgra((ati++3Pr eposisjons!ru+U!(3 USE *0 ,., AN2 ,til,: C. After a (o%al "er!' )ou use the infiniti"e ;I9H8A9 VV.VV an% without VVtilVV ?eg +an sna++e nors+' Han "ille !es0+e 8slo' Hun (.tte lQre %et utenat.$ -he ha% to (e(oriRe it& 6' After a s(all nu(!er of "er!s )ou use the . W infiniti"e pattern: 7i pleier . ta %et (e% ro o( helgene. Ingri% li+er . stri++e. -tats(inisteren pr0"er . for+lare utenri+spoliti++en. H"orfor (. "i fors0+e . 0"e uttalenG Alle (ennes+er !eh0"er . spise' %ri++e og so"e. Nors++lassens (e%le((er 0ns+er . forst. fors+jellen (ello( 's)nes' og 'tro'. A- og Norge h.per . f. (ange gull(e%aljer un%er 8L. Han !eg)nner . forst. (untlig nors+. 7.ger %u . si %et til st)retG $4o )ou %are sa) that to the !oar%G& L. (an) 'til .' constructions %epen% on the nouns or a%jecti"e in"ol"e% Han er i sin fulle rett til . g. til rettssa+. $He's within his co(plete rights to file a suit& -jefen er "illig til . gi ha( per(isjon $9he !oss is willing to gi"e hi( lea"e.& And some 3erb constructions re4uire 'til .' // for e!ample: 4et +o((er til . !li +al%ere. $it's going to get col%er& Er %u flin+ til . lage (atG 4en nors+e reiseli"snQringen har lenge tapt +a(pen o( turistpengene for%i %en har "Qrt for %.rlig til . selge seg sel". $9he Norwegian tra"el in%ustr) has for a long ti(e lost the !attle for tourist (one) !ecause it has !een !a% at selling itself&. ;or%s with prefi1 'e1*' an% 'pro*': ;here English uses the latin prefi1es 2e1*2$out fro(' out of' off' awa)' awa) fro(& 2pro2 $forth' for' forwar%' pu!licl)' instea% of& 7 Norwegian will often use the prefi1 or wor% 2ut2: e1it: utgang e1press: uttr)++e e1a(ine: utfors+e e1ternall): uta% e1tro"erte%: uta%"en%t e1hauste%: ut(attet e1pan%: ut!)gge 3 utfol%e seg e1hale: puste ut e1tinct: ut%0%% e1clu%e: utelu++e e1ploit: utn)tte e1cellent: ut(er+et e1cla(ation: utrop e1cla(ation (ar+: utropstegn e1pose% to: utsatt for e1ter(ination: utr)%%else e1patriate: ut"an%rer pronounce: uttale proclai(: utrope A!out suffi1es' prefi1es' an% co(poun%s in Norwegian: http:33norwegianlanguage.info3wor%s3norw*co(poun%s.ht(l Language Tips and Grammar: a%jecti"es in possessi"e constructions ta+e an *e at the en% $gra((arians call it a 'wea+' for( of the a%jecti"e: (in store !o+ (itt store hus ".re store +atter 9here are e1ceptions' for e1a(ple' )ou'% use (in lille !o+' (itt lille hus' ".re s(. +atter an% notice also that the noun after a possessi"e is in%efinite $(itt hus' (in !o+' ".re +atter&. ****************************************************************** ********** hele og hal3e: regularl) %o not use articles '%en'' '%et'' '%e' with 'hele' eller 'hal"e'. e1: 2sangfest for hele !)en2 2opera for hele lan%et2 2hal"e li"et2 2hal"e +ongeri+et2 8 ;ith 2hele2 $all 3 the whole& an% 2hal"e2 $half& the %efinite article in relation to the a%jecti"e is %roppe%: E1: Han ar!ei%et hele %agen. $He wor+e% whole %a).& Hun spiste hele eplet. $-he ate the whole apple.& 4e %anset hal"e natta. $9he) %ance% half the night.& 4e lei%e hal"e huset. $9he) rente% half the house.& Note also the folloing e!pressions: (i%t p. l)se %agen $in !roa% %a)light& fjer%e .ret p. ra% $the fourth )ear in a row&2 it woul% !e ;R8NG to use the %efinite article in conjunction with 2hele2 an% 2hal"e2. Note that nor(all) 2hele2 an% 2hal"e2 ta+e the %efinite for( of the noun * 2hal"e eplet2' 2hal"e !o+a2' 2hele huset2' 2hele .ret2' there are a fe e!ceptions: 2i hele %ag2' 2i hele so((er2' 2i hele "inter2' 2i hele "er%en2 $for the whole %a)3su((er3winterX in the whole worl%&. ****************************************************************** ********************** Irregular verbs Gra((arians often %i"i%e strong "er!s into a nu(!er of classes $usuall) se"en&. Here is an alpha!etical list of the (ost co((on Norwegian "er!s that are irregular' with e1a(ples to illustrate what the) (ean. "5 . be bad bedt * to reuest $so(e!o%) to %o so(ething&X to as+ so(e!o%) to %o so(ething Han !a% (eg "ente. $He as+e% (e to wait& Han har !e%t (eg o( . lese !re"et. $He has as+e% (e to rea% the letter& #5 . bli ble blitt * a "er) co((on "er! with (an) %ifferent (eanings. Its (ost freuent core (eanings are : a& to sta)' to re(ain Hun !le taus en stun%. $-he re(aine% silent for a while& !& to !eco(e Haral% H.rfagre !le +onge o"er Norwa) i DB6. $H.H. !eca(e +ing of Norwa) in DB6&. Hun "ar !litt !le+ere. $-he ha% !eco(e paler& c& to !e ** in passi"e "oice sentences Na"net hans !le al%ri ne"nt. $His na(e was ne"er (entione%&. 9 $5 . bre11e bra11 bru11et * to !rea+ Grenen !ra++. $9he !ough !ro+e& Per har !ru++et !einet. $Per has !ro+en a leg&. $note that the regular "er! 2. +nuse2 is nor(all) use% when so(ething gets !ro+en !ecause )ou ha"e %roppe% it : ?eg har +nust et glass * I ha"e !ro+en a glass& %5 . bringe bra1te bra1t * to !ring' to ta+e Han !ra+te t0)et til "a+eriet. $He too+ the clothes to the laun%r)& &5 . br6te br7t brutt * to !rea+ $!ut usuall) in the figurati"e sense& Han har !ru++et (e% forel%rene sine. $He has !ro+en with his parents& 85 . b9re bar b.ret * to carr)' to !ear $also in the figurati"e sense& 4e !ar ha( opp p. ro((et hans. $9he) carrie% hi( up to his roo(& H"e( !ar ans"aret for %et G $;hose responsi!ilit) was it G X literall) : ;ho !ore the responsi!ilit) G& :5 . dra drog dratt * a "er) co((on "er! with two core (eanings: a& to pull ?eg fi++ ta+ i %u+en og %rog alt jeg or+et. $I got hol% of the ta!lecloth an% pulle% as har% a I coul%&. !& to go $i.e. to (o"e elsewhere& $in this (eaning it is so(eti(es interchangea!le with 2. g.2 or 2. reise2&. Han %rog utenlan%s. $He went a!roa%& 7ennene (ine er %ratt p. stran%en. $M) frien%s ha"e gone to the !each& ;5 . dri11e dra11 dru11et * to %rin+ Han leste a"isene og %ra++ 0l. $He rea% the papers an% %ran+ !eer& ?eg ha%%e %ru++et for (eget. $I ha% %run+ too (uch&. $the a%jecti"e 2%run+2 I 2!eruset2 or 2full2 : Han "ar te((elig !eruset $He was rather %run+& A" !arna og fulle fol+ f.r (an h0re sannheten $@hil%ren an% fools cannot lie * the literal translation is so(ething li+e : Oou get to 10 +now the truth fro( chil%ren an% %run+s&. 8g s. en liten 0"else * h"is %u har l)st p. %en ... Fill in te !orre!t forms "simple past#past parti!iple$ of te verbs given bet%een bra!&ets C. Har %u UUUUUUUUUUUUU !o+a G $. lese I to rea%& 6. Hun er UUUUUUUUUUU fattig. $. !li I to !eco(e X fattig I poor& L. ?eg har UUUUUUUUUUUUUU (in n0++el.. $. (iste I to loseX en n0++el I a +e)& Y. 7i har al%ri UUUUUUUUUUU i !)en. $. !o I to li"e& M. ?eg UUUUUUUUUUU%eg t)%elig o( . gj0re %et. $. !e I to as+' to reuestX t)%elig I %istinctl)& Z. ?eg har UUUUUUUUUUUU en g)ngehest til %en lille gutten. $. +j0pe I to !u) X en g)ngehest I a roc+ing horse& B. Alle UUUUUUUUUUUU %et. $. ten+e I to thin+ X alle I e"er)!o%)& D. 4e UUUUUUUUUUUU p. +ino. $. %ra p. +ino I to go to the (o"ies& [. 4e UUUUUUUUUUUUUU h"ert sin +offert. $. !Qre I to carr) X en +offert I a suitcase& C\. 7i har UUUUUUUUUUUU (aterialet til!a+e til eieren. $. !ringe I to ta+e X en eier I an owner& Ase AL9 W for Q 0 . @har L*%igit Y*%igit Q CYM \6L\ ] CYZ \C[D 0 \6YD T \6CZ . CLY \66[ P CYL \C[B <efle!i3epronouns5 subject: "st person #nd person $rd person $jeg& $%u& $han'hun'%et' %en' %e& refle'ive pronoun: (eg %eg seg E1a(ples: ?on +lQr p. seg. ?on %resses hi(self. 11 4e (. s+)n%e seg. 9he) (ust hurr) Ethe(sel"esF. Nor refle1i"e possessi"es $su!ject I owner&' the following possessi"e pronouns are use%: sub(e!t: )st person *nd person +rd person $jeg& $%u& $han'hun'%et' %en' %e& thing owne% is: (asc3co((on (in %in sin fe(inine (i %i si neuter (itt %itt sitt plural (ine %ine sine Note that the gen%er an% nu(!er of 9HE 9HING$-& 8;NE4 %eter(ines which possessi"e pronoun )ou use' N89 the gen%er an% nu(!er of the su!ject. 9his can !e confusing for !eginners. ?on (ater hestene sine. ?on fee%s his horses. -tu%entene li+er huset sitt. 9he stu%ents li+e their house. Ei(plie%: the) share a houseF UT and UTE: :oth A9 an% A9E are a%"er!s $not a%jecti"es&. 9he are PLA@E A47ER:-. The difference is this: A9 %escri!es (otion to a place ** as in G8ING 8A9. ?eg s+al A9. $I'( going out& A9E %escri!es a state of !eing or acti"it) in a PLA@E. ?er er A9E. $I a( out& Oou (ight thin+ of A9E as (eaning 28A9-I4E.2 Note that the same can be said to describe man6 of these ad3erbs: in a place ************** to a place here her ******************* hit there %er ******************* %it hje((e 'at ho(e'*********** hje( 2to ho(e2 awa) !orte **************** !ort in inne ****************** inn up oppe ***************** opp %own ne%e ****************** ne% 12 N,- and N,-N: ;hen use% as pronouns' 2noe2 I 2so(ething2 an% 2noen2 I 2so(eone2. Howe"er' !oth can !e use% as an a%jecti"e (eaning 2so(e2. In this case' 2noe2 is use% for uncounta!le nouns an% 2noen2 for counta!le ones. * as a pronoun: ?eg "il ha noe . %ri++e. I want so(ething to %rin+. 4et er noen so( "enter p. %eg. 9here is so(eone waiting for )ou. . as an ad(e!tive: ?eg trenger noe "ann. I nee% so(e water. ?eg traff noen "enner i g.r. I (et so(e frien%s )ester%a). Pun!tuation mar&s in Nor%egian: perio% . pun+tu( co((a ' +o((a uestion (ar+ G sp0rs(.lstegn e1cla(ation (ar+ > utropstegn colon : +olon se(icolon X se(i+olon a(persan% J et*tegnet Time e'pressions: Oou nee% to +eep in (in% that the prepositions use% in ti(e e1pressions are rather %ifferent in English' so pa) particular attention. Especiall) confusing are Norwegian 'i' an% English 'for' as in 2i fe( %ager2 $for M %a)s&' an% 2for fe( %ager si%en2 $M %a)s ago&. Also confusing is the use of the preposition 2o(2 to %enote ti(e one waits into the future 2o( fe( %ager2 $in M %a)s&. CD\\*tallet: the CD\\'s' C[ centur)I C[..rhun%re' CDD\*.rene: the D\'s $%eca%e& om morgenen: in the (orning vinter "en$ * winter $the& v/r "en$ * spring $the& sommer "en$ * su((er $the& 0st "en$ * fall $the& i (orgen ti%lig: earl) to(orrow (orning i $%ag& (orges: this (orning i (orgen: to(orrow i %ag: to%a) h"er %ag: e"er) %a) for fe( %ager si%en: fi"e %a)s ago 13 i fe( %ager: for fi"e %a)s $%uration& i (ange %ager: for (an) %a)s i++e p. fe( %ager: not for fi"e %a)s o( fe( %ager: will happen in fi"e %a)s %e siste %agene: the last few %a)s %en %ag i %ag: fro( that %a) forth i %et siste: latel) hele %agen: all to%a) hele %agen i %ag: all %a) to%a)' the whole %a) to%a) o( +"el%en: in the e"ening i g.r +"el%: last night $e"ening& o( natten: at nightX in the night hele natten: all night l0r%ag +"el%: -atur%a) night i g.r: )ester%a) siste u+e: last wee+ W $forrige * pre"ious& siste (.ne%: last (onth i fjor: last )ear forrige .r: last )ear neste .r: ne1t )ear h"ert .r: e"er) )ear' annuall) i %e siste .rene: in the last3past )ears hele .ret: throughout the )ear' the whole )ear i .r: this )ear i (ange .r: for (an) )ears o( et .r: in a )ear' in a )ear's ti(e etter et .r: after a )ear .ret etter: the )ear after .r etter .r: )ear after )ear etter en ti%: after so(e ti(e fra %en ti% a": fro( that ti(e on a" og til: at ti(es' once in a while %a' a++urat %a: at the ti(e si%en $%a&: since then lenge' p. lenge for a long ti(e i "inter: this winter I fjor "inter: last winter o( "interen: in $%uring& the winter sist "inter: %uring the past winter til "interen: ne1t winter "interen o"er: throughout the winter (i%t p. "interen: in the %epth of winter innen se+s (.ne%er: !efore $within& Z (onths are past ****************************************************************** **************************** P1,N,UN2ING 3143: In (uch of Norwa)' wor%s with an 2s2 %irectl) following an 2r2 are pronounce% with an unrolle% 2r2 an% a (ush) 2s2' as 2sh2. 2Nors+2 is pronounce% 2norsh+2 in (uch of Norwa). 9his occurs in (an) wor%s: 14 tors+Itorsh+ $co%& f0rstIf0rsht $first& !urs%agI!ursh%ag $!irth%a)& It also occurs when one wor% EN4- in an 2r2 an% the ne1t wor% :EGIN- with an 2s2' li+e 2"Qrshagoo2 at the %inner ta!le * it's the Norwegian 2"Qr s. go%2. ;hen 2s.2 follows the wor% "Qr' which en%s in an r' the 2s2 in 2s.2 goes (ush). Li+ewise' on its own' "Qr is pronounce% with a rolle% 2r2' in those parts of Norwa) that roll their 2r2' an% )et su%%enl) in front of 2s.2 that 2r2 goes wea+ an% isn't rolle% an)(ore. Oou'll hear this all the ti(e in Norwa)' such as in 2"i f.r se2' 2%et er s. fint2' 2h"or s+al %uG2 $in (uch of Norwa)' all those 2r2s stop rolling an% turn throat) an% the 2s2 soun%s woul% !e 2sh2&. ****************************************************************** ************************ 2ja2 at the !eginning of the sentence can translate as an) of oh' well' )es' )eah' etc. Note that these translations are (ore pointe% to translating the tone an% intent rather than the wor%*for*wor% (eaning. ?a' her har jeg %et fint. 8H' I9'- -8 NI@E HERE. ?a' %ere f.r ha %et !ra %a. ;ELL' G884:OE N8R N8;. $while 'ha %et !ra' translates literall) as 2ha"e it well2' it's use% to (ean 'goo%!)e'.&
?o' her s+al %u h0re. N8;' O8A LI-9EN 98 ME... ?o' n. s+al jeg for+lare %eg alt sa((en. 8H' I'LL E^PLAIN E7ERO9HING.
Nei' n. "il jeg i++e (er. ALRIGH9' I 48N'9 ;AN9 98 48 9HI- ANOM8RE. Nei' jeg "et i++e h"a jeg s+al gj0re' jeg. 8H' I ?A-9 48N'9 HN8; ;HA9 98 48. ?aja' %a +an "i i++e gj0re (er her. $sigh& ;ELL' ;E ?A-9 @AN'9 48 ANO9HING M8RE HERE. Neinei' %a f.r "i i++e noe !ensin her %a. ;ELL' 9HEN ;E ?A-9 @AN'9 GE9 GA- HERE.
Nei' s. pen %u er. 8H' O8A L88H -8 PRE99O> Nei' s. st)ggt %u sna++er> 8H' O8A'RE -8 NIL9HO M8A9HE4>
8ne of the uses of 2jo2 is to confir( agree(ent with the listener. 4et er jo %)rt i Norge. $I9 I-' 8N @8AR-E' $O8A HN8;&' E^PEN-I7E IN N8R;AO.&. ****************************************************************** 15 ********** 9his is a list of so(e English "er!s with their refle1i"e Norwegian eui"alents. It is fro( an online English gra((ar course fro( the Ani" of 9ron%hei(. http:33www.hf.ntnu.no3engels+3staff3johannesson3CCCgra(3(orerefl.h t( (o"e * !e"ege seg "o(it * !re++e seg (a+e a fool of oneself * %u((e seg ut !e anno)e% * ergre seg put up with $so(ething& * finne seg $i noe& appear $as so(ething& * fortone seg $so( noe& (a+e sure $of so(ething& * for"isse seg $o( noe& rejoice * fr)%e seg feel * f0le seg (arr)' get (arrie% * gifte seg hi%e * gje((e seg loo+ forwar% $to so(ething& * gle%e seg $til noe& accu(ulate * hope seg opp !e !ore% * +je%e seg reco"er * +o((e seg shrin+ $fro( so(ething& * +"ie seg $for noe& (e%%le $with so(ething& * legge seg opp $i noe& lie %own * legge seg lean $on so(ething& * lene seg $(ot noe& note $so(ething& * (er+e seg $noe& enjo) $so(ething& * (ore seg $o"er noe& sit %own * sette seg !e asha(e% $of so(ething& * s+a((e seg $o"er noe& hurr) * s+)n%e seg turn $towar%s so(e!o%)& * snu seg $(ot noen& resign * tre++e seg appear * "ise seg turn out $to !e& * "ise seg $. "Qre& 4ome verbs tat are refle'ive in -nglis and in Nor%egian: 9o injure oneself * . s+a%e seg 9o cut oneself * . s+jQre seg 9o !urn oneself * . !renne seg 9o pro(ise oneself * . lo"e seg 9o intro%uce oneself * . presentere seg
5erbs tat are refle'ive in Nor%egian: 9o ta+e a !ath 3 wash up * . "as+e seg 9o go to !e% * . legge seg 16 9o stan% up * . reise seg 9o sit %own * . sette seg 9o co(! one's hair * . gre seg 9o !rush one's hair * . !0rste seg 9o get a haircut * . +lippe seg 9o get %resse% * . +le seg 9o put on oneself * . ta p. seg 9o get un%resse% * . +le a" seg 9o wear * . ha p. seg 9o fall in lo"e * . forels+e seg 9o get engage% $for (arriage& * . forlo"e seg 9o get (arrie% * . gifte seg 9o get %i"orce% * . s+ille seg 9o rela1 * . h"ile seg 9o a(use oneself $!e a(use%& * . (ore seg 9o %eci%e 3 (a+e up one's (in% 3 choose * . !este((e seg $for& 9o loo+ forwar% to 3 to !e please% to... * . gle%e seg 9o %rea% * . grue seg $til& 9o feel $e(otion' health& * . f0le seg 9o sta) $fit& * . hol%e seg $i for(& 9o sta) $war(& * . hol%e seg $"ar(& 9o !e !ore% * . +je%e seg 9o ha"e a nice ti(e * . +ose seg 9o gain weight * . legge p. seg 9o lose weight * . slan+e seg 9o enjo) !eing so(ewhere * . li+e seg 9o hurr) * . s+)n%e seg 9o settle %own * . sl. seg ne% 9o sun!athe * . sole seg 9o get oneself lost * . g. seg "ill 9o get oneself lost %ri"ing * . +j0re seg "ill 9o get %run+ * . %ri++e seg full 9o get full $eating& * . spise seg (ett
some translations:
Hun +o((er snart' +an jeg ten+e (eg. -HE'LL @8ME -88N' I IMAGINE. Lu++ %0ren' er %u snill. @L8-E 9HE 488R' PLEA-E $:E -8 HIN4&. Han er alene' s+j0nner %u. HE I- AL8NE' O8A AN4ER-9AN4. Han !lir no+ fris+ igjen' s+al %u se. HE'LL :E ;ELL AGAIN' O8A'LL -EE. 7i har et flin+ hus' +an %u tro. ;E HA7E A @LE7ER H8A-E' O8A :E99ER :ELIE7E I9.
2+an jeg ten+e (eg.2 G
In the refle1i"e use of 2ten+e2 $thin+&' it changes (eaning: i(agine3suppose: Hun +o((er snart' +an jeg ten+e (eg. * -he is co(ing soon' I 17 suppose. Han %u ten+e %eg at hun er s. %u(G * @an )ou i(agine that she is so %u(!G i(agine3%esire: ?eg +unne ten+e (eg . ha n)e s+o til so((eren. ****************************************************************** ************************ 2forresten2 $!) the wa)' inci%entall)' co(e to thin+ of it& Norresten' n.r +o((er %uG * :) the wa)' ;hen are )ou co(ingG H"or%an st.r %et til' forresten. * :) the wa)' How is it goingG ?eg har forresten noe (e% til %eg. 2ta (e%2 is a wa) of sa)ing 2!ring2. * 2Hus+ . ta (e% regnja++e i %ag.2 2ha (e%2 is a wa) of sa)ing 2ha"e !rought2' though )ou coul% also use 2har tatt (e%2 $pre"ious e1pression in present participle&. 2?eg har (e% regnja++e i tilfelle %et regner.2 -o 2?eg har forresten noe (e% til %eg.2 (eans 2:) the wa)' I ha"e $!rought& so(ething for )ou.2F
2no+2 $with out a %ou!t' surel)& 4u er no+ en or%entlig sports(ann' %u. * 2Oou (ust !e a real sports(an.2 I++e "Qr re%%' han +o((er no+. * 2Near not' He'll !e here for sure.2 4u !lir no+ fris+ igjen snart. * 2Oou'll %efinitel) !e well again soon.2
2li+so(e2 $in a wa)' +in% of' so(ehow& ?eg li+er (eg so( li+so(e !est hje((e. * 2I +in% of prefer !eing at ho(e.2 4u er li+so(e sjef her' %u' %a. * 2-o )ou're sort of the !oss aroun% here then.2 Hun er li+so(e litt s+). * 2-he's sort of a little sh).2
2s.2 $so' such a' such' how& Hun er s. flin+ s.. * 2Gosh' she's so s(art.2 4u har s. pen +jole. * 2Oou ha"e such a prett) %ress.2 -. sle( %u er. * 2Oou are so (ean>2 Useful prases: A9M $Mini!an+&: 7ennligst 7ent ****** Please ;ait 9jenesten er i++e tilgjengelig ***** 9he ser"ice is not a"aila!le 9jenesten er ne%lagt ***** 9he ser"ice is shut %own * not in ser"ice I Astan% ***** 8ut of 8r%er Ate a" %rift ***** 8ut of ser"ice' out of or%er 18 Hortet +ontrolleres ***** 9he car% is !eing chec+e% A+jent +ort ***** AnrecogniRe% car% Go%+jent ****** Accepte% A"!r)t ***** @ancel Hlar ***** 8H' Rea%) 9ast inn +o%en ***** He) in )our co%e or PIN A"slutt (e% 'HLAR' ***** Ninish $+e)ing in )our co%e& with the 'HLAR' +e) 7oice(ail: 9ast _n $to' tre' os"& for . ***** Press one $two' three' etc& for . eller "ent p. s"ar ***** or wait for answer 4u er n. nu((er tjueto i +0en ***** Oou are now nu(!er 66 in line $in the ueue& A"slutt (e% fir+ant ***** Ninish $+e)ing in the nu(!er& with the '5' +e) H8A-EH8L4 E^PRE--I8N-: plu++e opp a"isa I pic+ up the EnewsFpaper $e.g.' fro( the floor& hente a"isa I fetch the newspaper $fro( )our (ail!o1 or where"er )ou get it %eli"ere%& +j0pe a"isa I !u) the newspaper Eof to%a)F ta+e in the paper * ta inn a"isa plu++e opp papiret I pic+ up the paper $i.e. piece$s& of paper' not newspaper& %e++e p. I %e++e p. !or%et I %e++e !or%et $the) are roughl) the sa(e& ta+e out the gar!age / ta ut s0plaX g. ut (e% s0ppelet ra+e lea"es / ra+e l0". (ow lawn / +lippe plen' +lippe gress' sl. plenen' sl. gresset sho"el snow / (.+e sn0X !r0)te $sn0& "acuu( carpets st0"suge teppeneX st0"suge tepper sweep the floors * feie gul"eneX feie gul"et (a+e the !e%s * re%e sengeneX re senger 19 %ust t0r+e st0" set the ta!le %e++e !or%et water the flowers * "anne !lo(stene3!lo(ster wash the win%ows * "as+e "in%uene3"in%uer / pusse "in%uer (a+e lunch3supper * lage (at put the %og in the +ennel * sette hun%en i hun%ehuset (a+e coffee * +o+e +affeX sette p. +affe wash the %og$s& * !a%e hun%$ene& clear the ta!le * R)%%e a" !or%et clean the !athroo( * rengj0re !a%etX "as+e !a%et wash %ishes $!) han% or %ishwasherG& "as+e opp3ta opp"as+en $for h.n%& sette i opp"as+(as+inen go to the post office * G. i3p. posten go to !i!le stu%)3rea%ing * g. p. !i!el+urs3!i!ellesning call frien% * ringe til en "enn3telefon"enn %ri"e VV to pre*school3+in%ergar%en * +j0rer VV til !arnehagen print pictures $ie*print own %igital pictures& * -+ri"e ut !il%er3fotografier go to the phar(ac) * G. p. apote+et sen% !irth%a) car% to VV * -en%e !urs%ags+ort til VV = %o ho(ewor+ * gj0re le+se3hje(oppga"er3hje((ear!ei% 4o ho(ewor+3lessons $chil%ren& * Gj0re le+ser 4o ho(ewor+ $a%ult course& * Gj0re hje((eoppga"er 4o shopping3(a+e purchase3go in the store * Gj0re inn+j0p 3 g. i !uti++en2 pic+ rasp!erries * plu++e !ringe!Qr peel potatoes * -+relle poteter (a+e %octor appoint(ent * :estille en legeti(e 3 ti(e hos legen2 20 go to the li!rar) * g. p. !i!liote+et shop for hoc+e) euip(ent * Hj0pe hoc+e)*utst)r
wor+ on sweater3+nitting a sweater * -tri++e en genser3?o!!e (e% en $stri++e&genser2. !us) +nitting a sweater * hol%er p. . stri++e en genser finish +nitting sweater * en%e str)++e genser 3Til3 plus noun %it added 3s3: til +0)s*$to !e%& til fjells$!) (ountain&'til lan%s$!) lan%&'til "anns$!) water&' til topps$to the top&hoiste% $of sails&' til !unns$to the !otto('thoroughl)' in the en%&' til fots$on foot&' gj0re en til lags$to please so(eone& til !lo%s$till the !loo% co(es& til %els$partl)& til (anns$each& til o"ers$left'o"er& til +"el%s$for supper&' til !or%s$at' to the ta!le& til gangs$to so(e purpose& $in%ef.& $%ef.& $in%ef. pl& $%ef. pl& :o%)Parts ** an ear * the ear * ears * the ears ear ** et 0re * 0ret * 0rer * 0rene e)e ** et 0)e * 0)et * 0)ne * 0)nene shoul%er * en s+ul%er * s+ul%eren * s+ul%re * s+ul%rene han% ** ei 3 en h.n% * h.n%en * hen%er * hen%ene finger ** en finger * fingeren * fingre * fingrene leg ** et !e$i&n * !e$i&net !e$i&n * !e$i&na +nee ** et +ne * +neet * +nQr * +nQrne foot ** en fot * foten * f0tter * f0ttene toe ** ei t. * t.en3t.a * tQr * tQrne :erries: $a& !lac+!err) $et& !j0rne!Qr $a& !lac+ currant $et& sol!Qr $a& !lue!err) $et& !l.!Qr $a& cherr) $et& +irse!Qr $a& clou%!err) $en3ei& (olte $I(ulte& $a& lingon!err)'(ountain cran!err)& $et& t)tte!Qr $a& cran!err) $et& trane!Qr $a& Ere%' whiteF currant $en& rips $an& el%er!err) $et& h)lle!Qr 21 $a& goose!err) $et& sti++els!Qr $a& juniper !err) $et& eine$r&!Qr $a& ras!err) $et& !ringe!Qr $a& rowan!err) $et& ronge!Qr $a& straw!err) $et& jor%!Qr $a& wil% ras!err) $et& "ill!ringe!Qr $a& wil% straw!err) $et& (ar+jor%!Qr