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    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4: Figure 3.1: Basic View of Sampling Theorem

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    fahadsaeed93
    This document discusses the concept of aliasing in analog signals when sampled digitally. It explains that if a signal is sampled at too low of a frequency, higher frequency components of the signal may be incorrectly interpreted as lower frequencies. This occurs because the rapid variations between samples cannot be captured. The document reviews Nyquist's sampling theorem, which states that a signal must be sampled at a rate at least twice the highest frequency component to avoid aliasing and unambiguously reconstruct the original signal. Examples are provided to illustrate aliasing when sampling both below and above the Nyquist rate. An exercise is then given to have the reader plot sampled signals both with and without aliasing.

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    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4: Figure 3.1: Basic View of Sampling Theorem

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    fahadsaeed93
    55 views3 pages
    This document discusses the concept of aliasing in analog signals when sampled digitally. It explains that if a signal is sampled at too low of a frequency, higher frequency components of the signal may be incorrectly interpreted as lower frequencies. This occurs because the rapid variations between samples cannot be captured. The document reviews Nyquist's sampling theorem, which states that a signal must be sampled at a rate at least twice the highest frequency component to avoid aliasing and unambiguously reconstruct the original signal. Examples are provided to illustrate aliasing when sampling both below and above the Nyquist rate. An exercise is then given to have the reader plot sampled signals both with and without aliasing.

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    Lab

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    Digital Signal Processing

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    This document discusses the concept of aliasing in analog signals when sampled digitally. It explains that if a signal is sampled at too low of a frequency, higher frequency components of the signal may be incorrectly interpreted as lower frequencies. This occurs because the rapid variations between samples cannot be captured. The document reviews Nyquist's sampling theorem, which states that a signal must be sampled at a rate at least twice the highest frequency component to avoid aliasing and unambiguously reconstruct the original signal. Examples are provided to illustrate aliasing when sampling both below and above the Nyquist rate. An exercise is then given to have the reader plot sampled signals both with and without aliasing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    55 views3 pages

    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4: Figure 3.1: Basic View of Sampling Theorem

    Uploaded by

    fahadsaeed93
    This document discusses the concept of aliasing in analog signals when sampled digitally. It explains that if a signal is sampled at too low of a frequency, higher frequency components of the signal may be incorrectly interpreted as lower frequencies. This occurs because the rapid variations between samples cannot be captured. The document reviews Nyquist's sampling theorem, which states that a signal must be sampled at a rate at least twice the highest frequency component to avoid aliasing and unambiguously reconstruct the original signal. Examples are provided to illustrate aliasing when sampling both below and above the Nyquist rate. An exercise is then given to have the reader plot sampled signals both with and without aliasing.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4

    Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology


    3.1AliasingeffectinAnalogSignals:

    We only sample the signal at intervals. We don't know what happened between the samples. A crude
    example is to consider a 'glitch' that happened to fall between adjacent samples. Since we don't
    measureit,wehavenowayofknowingtheglitchwasthereatall.

    Figure3.1:BasicviewofSamplingtheorem
    In a less obvious case, we might have signal components that are varying rapidly in between samples.
    Again, we could not track these rapid intersample variations. We must sample fast enough to see the
    mostrapidchangesinthesignal.Sometimeswemayhavesomeaprioriknowledgeofthesignal,orbe
    abletomakesomeassumptionsabouthowthesignalbehavesinbetweensamples.Ifwedonotsample
    fastenough,wecannottrackcompletelythemostrapidchangesinthesignal.Somehigherfrequencies
    canbeincorrectlyinterpretedasloweronesasshowninfig3.2below:

    Figure3.2:OverlappingofHighfrequencysignalintoLowfrequencysignal( )

    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4

    Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology


    In the fig 3.2, the high frequency signal is sampled just under twice every cycle. The result is that each
    sample is taken at a slightly later part of the cycle. If we draw a smooth connecting line between the
    samples,theresultingcurvelookslikealowerfrequency.Thisiscalled'aliasing'becauseonefrequency
    lookslikeanother.
    Note that the problem of aliasing is that we cannot tell which frequency we have a high frequency
    looks like a low one so we cannot tell the two apart. But sometimes we may have some a priori
    knowledge of the signal, or be able to make some assumptions about how the signal behaves in
    betweensamples,thatwillallowustotellunambiguouslywhatwehave.
    Nyquist showed that to distinguish unambiguously between the signal frequencies we must sample
    fasterthantwicethefrequencyofthehighestfrequencycomponent.

    Figure3.3:Reconstructionofsignalwith
    Inthediagram,thehighfrequencysignalissampledtwiceeverycycle.Ifwedrawasmoothconnecting
    linebetweenthesamples,theresultingcurvelooksliketheoriginalsignal.Butifthesampleshappened
    to fall at the zero crossings, we would see no signal at all this is why the sampling theorem demands
    wesamplefasterthantwicethehighestsignalfrequencyasitwillavoidsaliasing.
    The highest signal frequency allowed for a given sample rate is called the Nyquist frequency. Actually,
    Nyquist says that we have to sample faster than the signal bandwidth, not the highest frequency. But
    thisleadsusintomultiratesignalprocessingwhichisamoreadvancedsubject.Nyquistshowedthatto
    distinguishunambiguouslybetweenallsignalfrequencieswe mustsampleatleasttwice thefrequency
    ofthehighestfrequencycomponent.

    Digital Signal Processing Lab 4

    Sir Syed University of Engineering & Technology

    Exercise:
    Task#1:PlottwoCTsignalsof10Hzand110Hzfor0<t<0.2secs.SampleatFs=100Hzandplotthem
    indiscreteform.
    Task#2:ForaCTsignal:x(t)=sin(2piFot)whosesampledversionwillbe:x(n)=sin(2piFo/Fsn)
    wherenisasetofintegersandsamplingintervalTs=1/Fs.
    (a) Plotthesignalx(n)forn=0to99forFs=5kHzandFo=0.5,2,3and4.5kHz.Explain
    thesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongvariousplots.
    (b) SupposethatFo=2kHzandFs=50kHz.
    a. Plotthesignalx(n).
    b. Plot the signal y (n) created by taking the even numbered samples of x (n). Is
    thisasinusoidalsignal?Whyorwhynot?Ifso,whatisthefrequency?

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