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]]yy]] trnf& jrefrmpum;uRrf;
usifol owif;axmufrav;/

wnfaqmufa&;? jcpm;udprsm;
enf;enf;ajymonf/bm;tHowif;
axmufEiS yhf iG v
hf if;pGmajymjzpf...?
wyfrawmfu@ 25&mcdkifEIef; ol
vufcaH Mumif;? wdkufxkwfwGef;
z,fa&; rvkyfoifhao;aMumif;
oloabm&ygowJh? olwdkY u&if
jynfe,frmS wHwm;awG? vrf;awG
trsm;BuD; topfay:vmcJw
h m...
&xm;? um;? vloGm;vrf;awG
acsmarmoGm;wm... wyfrawmf
tpdk;&vufxufrSm jzpfaMumif;
oluaqG;aEG;oGm;/ uRefawmfu
vnf; ,ckEdkifiHawmfc&D;oGm;ae
wm wyfrawmfvufxuf Road
f wdki;f oGm;ae&wm
Map (7)csut
jzpfaMumif; axmufjyvdkuf.../
vufzuf&nfrsm;? aumfzrD sm;?
udwfrsm;? blaz;vfrsm;? 0dkifrsm;
pD;qif;cJh/ 0efBuD;rSp EdkifiHjcm;
om;rsm;tqHk;? udk,fpm;vS,f
tm;vHk; (rdrdtygt0if) tm;vHk;
jyHK;jyHK;&Tif&Tifvef;vef;qef;qef;vGr;f p&mawmif aumif;ao;awmh/
Nidrf;csrf;a&;ESifhoHwref
jrefrmESiw
hf w
l EhJ kdiif H b,fEkdiif H
rSr&Sd (NAdwed q
f kd k;d pum;)? jrefrmwdkY
yGifhvif; cifrifazmfa&G... 'DaeY
wdkif;jynf tajctaetcsdKUaMumifh
a'goxGuaf ewJv
h al wGvnf;awGU
[k jrefrmEdkiif o
H t
H rwfBuD;(NAdwed )f
rS ajymaMumif; The Voice rSm
jrefrmEkdifiHqkdif&mNAdwdefoHtrwfBuD; zwf&...? qufvuf 4if;u
0efxrf;awGxrJ mS aumif;wJh awmf
'kw,
d aeY u&ifjynfe,f bm;tHrS bDbpD D ysKd jzLacsmESiv
hf nf; tzGUJ us wJhvlawG trsm;BuD;&SdaMumif;?
owif;axmuf 00rnf;rnf;xGm;xGm; onf? olu pum;enf;onf... olwdkYudk uRefawmfwdkY axmufcH
jrifjh rifh vli,f vlvwfwpfO;D .../ odakY omf ,HkMunfrEI iS hf Nidr;f csr;f a&; tm;ay;ulnDaeaMumif;? aus;

jrefrmwyfrawmf[m 'DEdkifiH&JY
ta&;ygwJUae&mrSm&Sdaeovdk
aemifESpftenf;i,ftxd wyfrawmfu
EdkifiHtwGuf ta&;ygaeOD;rSmyg/

CARTOON

vufae 70 &mcdkifEIef; jynfol

awGxH oGm;a&mufMuzdv
kY kad Mumif;?
rwljcm;em;wJh toHawGudk em;
axmif oifah Mumif;? owif;orm;
awGudk w&m;pGJ? tjypfay;aeMu
wm pdk;&drpf &myJ? vmr,fEh pS cf ufcJ
r,f?a&G;aumufyq
JG kw
d m tjrJwrf;
cufcaJ vh&adS Mumif;? ajymif;vJa&;
orm;awGvufxJ vufqifhurf;
MuzdkY arQmfvifah Mumif;? tpdk;&[m
jzefYMuufpOf;pm;zdkY vdkaMumif;?
wHcg;zGifhay;wm BudKqdkaMumif;?
Edkiif aH &;qdkwm xifa,mifxifrmS ;
&Sw
d wfaMumif;?tvHk;pHkrrSeaf Mumif;?
'DEdkifiHuacgif;aqmifawG[m...
a':atmifqef;pkMunftygt0if
wdkif;jynftem*wfudk pdwf0ifpm;
MuaMumif;? 'DEdkifiH&JUb,facgif;
aqmifrjS yifyEdik if &H UJ xed ;f csKyrf aI tmuf
rSm&Sdraeygbl;? (Voice pm-8)
jrefrmwyfrawmf[m 'DEdkifiH
&JU ta&;ygwJhae&mrSm&Sdaeovdk
aemifESpftenf;i,ftxd wyfr
awmfu EdkifiHtwGuf ta&;ygae
OD;rSmyg? (4if;-pm.8)
BudKufonfjzpfap rBudKuf
onfjzpfap 'gtrSefw&m;jzpfyg
w,f? (4if;-pm.8)
y&dowfrsm;-cifAsm;
'gawGzwf&awmh q&mBuD;
armifp;l prf;\ vGecf ahJ om 10 ESpf
uwnf;u wifBudKEdkiif aH &;a[m
udef; (jrefrmjynftem*wfodkY)
rsm;udk owdw&&Sdrdygonf/
aoG;xGufatmif rSefvdkYyg/
jyef&mS zwfMuyg... trsm;jynfol
qdkif&m aiGaMu;pDrHcefYcGJrI (Public Sector Financial Management) &S&
d rnf? bwf*suu
f kd b,f
vdk oHk;pGJovJ vlxkudkcsjy&rnf?
b,fvdkoHk;pGJoifhovJ vlxkxHrS
tMuHPfawmif;&rnf? tJ'u
D pd
vJ NAdwdef-jrefrmyl;aygif;vkyfae
onf?
xm0pOfNird ;f csr;f a&;tcGit
hf a&;
(jrefrmjynfhtcGifhta&;) tm;&
p&maumif;aeygNyD/ tJ't
D wGuf
vnf; uRefawmfwdkY tifwdkuf
tm;wdu
k u
f n
l aD eygonf/'gawGu
ESp&f n
S v
f rsm;ordki;f ESichf sw
D yhJ #dyu
pm 22 odkY

NyD;jynfph ko
H nfh zJUG pnf;tkycf sKyfykHtajccHOya'qko
d nfrmS urmay:wGirf &Syd g[k Akv
d cf sKyfatmifqef;u t*Fvyd v
f kd
ajymcJhonf/
Oya'onf t0Dpw
d iG ;f yrm eufiId ;f onf[k taemufwkid ;f Oya'ynm&Siw
f pfa,muf\tqku
d kd Mum;zl;onf/
ykyf tvufZEm;qkdolu Oya'ydmwpfaxmifwGif arwmwpfusyfom;rQryg&Sd[k twdtusajymcJhonf/
jrefrmOya'ynm&Siw
f pfa,mufu Oya'onf yifu
h t
l rd Ef iS w
hf o
l nf? taumifi,fvQifrNd yD; taumifBuD;vQif
azmufxGufoGm;onf[k ajymcJhonf/
uRefawmf iarmuf Oya'ynm&Sif r[kwfonfhtwGuf
bmrQrajymvk?d odakY omf Oya' pmtkyaf jrmufjrm;pGmudk zwfz;l
onf[kajymvkdonf/
t*Fvyd w
f o
Ydk nf atmufjrefrmjynfukd odr;f NyD;onfh 1872
ckEpS w
f iG f jrefrmEkid if w
H &m;Hk;rsm; tufOya' (Burma Courts
Act.) ukd yk'r
f (6)t& jy|mef;cJMh uonf/
xkOd ya'wGif w&m;NydKifrsm;onf Ak'b
momjzpfvQif Ak'
bmomOya'? rlpvifjzpfvQif rlpvifOya'? [dELjzpfvQif
[dELOya'jzifh pD&if&rnf[k owfrSwfcJhonf/
xkt
d cgt*Fvyd w
f o
kYd nf txufjrefrmjynfukd xyfro
H rd ;f
NyD; 1898ckEpS w
f iG f jrefrmEkid if H w&m;Oya'rsm; jyqdk&m tuf
Oya' Burma Laws Act. yk'fr-13 udkjy|mef;cJhMuonf/

Ak'b
momrsm;\ "avhxkH;wrf;Oya'omjzpfonf[k azmfjy
cJhonf/
1962 awmfveS af &;aumifpDacwfa&muf&v
dS monfh tcsed f
wGif Ak'bmomw&m;Oya'qkdonfh pum;&yftm; ]jrefrmh
"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'}[kac:wGifap&rnf[k jyefwrf;xkwf
cJhNyD; pepfopf Oya'ynmoifMum;a&; oifkd;Tef;wrf;udk
vnf; ]jrefrmh"avh xHk;wrf;Oya'}[k ajymif;vJowfrSwf
cJhonf/
ajymif;vJowfrSwfcJhonfh AkdvfcsKyfBuD;ae0if;udk tvGef
aus;Zl;BuD;onf[k pma&;ol ajymcsifygonf/
1969 ckEpS fEkid if aH wmfw&m;Hk;csKyfu pD&ifonfh empDwD
ESifh tzl;pD (1969 jrefrmEkdifiHpD&ifxHk; 155)wGif jrefrmh

rsKd;apmifhOya'

yef;wif;-iarmuf(awmifukwf)

yk'rf -6 t& udk;uG,o

f nfh bmomtavsmuf qHk;jzwf
&mwGif w&m;Oya'uJo
h kYd twnfjzpfaom "avhxkH;pH wpfpkH
wpf&mESihf qefu
Y siaf evQif xkOd ya'udk rvku
d ef m&[k yk'rf 13 t& jy|mef;cJhonf/
c&pf,mefrsm;twGuf 1872 ckESpfwGif c&pf,mef xdrf;
jrm;rI tufOya' (The Cristian- Marrige Act.)
1869 ckEpS w
f iG f jrefrmEkid if H uGm&Si;f jywfprJ OI ya' (The
Burma Diverce Act.)

1925 ckESpfwGif tarGqufcHa&;tufOya'

(The Suc-

cession Act.)

1890 ckESpfwGif tkyfxdef;olrsm;ESifh tkyfxdef;cH&olrsm;

wdkYudk jy|mef;cJhMuonf/
xdkokdYjy|mef;cJhMu&mwGif Ak'bmomOya'[k oHk;xm;
jcif;rSm rSm;,Gi;f aeonf[k jrefrmOya'ynm&Sirf sm; od&v
dS m
Muonf/ Ak'bmomonf avmuDa&;&mjzpfonfh vifuGm
r,m;uGm udpr sm;wGif pGuzf ufjcif;r&Sb
d J oHo&m0#fqif;&JrS
vGwfajrmufrIudkom OD;wnfjcif;aMumifhjzpfonf/
rSm;,Gi;f aMumif;ukd 1909 ckEpS w
f iG f Oya'ynm&SiOf ;D om
<u,fu axmufjycJhovdk 1914 ckESpfwGif OD;aratmifu
ol\ Leading Cases on Buddhist. usrf;wGif Ak'bmom
Oya'onf Customarry Law. "avhxHk;wrf; Oya'om
f nfh tjyif
jzpfaMumif;? jy|mef;Oya' Statute Law. r[kwo
jy|mef;Oya'uJo
h kYd Written Law. a&;xm;onfh Oya'r[kw?f
Un Written Law. a&;rxm;onfh Oya'omjzpfonf[k
a&;om;xm;cJhonf/
jrefrmhOya'ynm&Sif qmarmifbuvnf; 1927 ckEpS w
f iG f
pD&ifonfh r&ifjrESiu
hf efa,mufyk (5? &efuke-f 406)trIwiG f
Ak'b
momw&m;Oya'[k oHk;xm;jcif;rSm rSm;,Gi;f aMumif;udk
pD&ifcsufwGif a0zefcJhonf/
1937 ckESpfwGif a'gufwmat;armifjyKpkonfh Burmese Buddhist Law. wGif jrefrmAk'bmom w&m;Oya'?
wdusreS u
f efpmG ac:rnfqkyd gu ]jrefrmh"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'}
[k a&;om;cJhonf/
1955 ckESpfwGif jrefrmbmomjzifh jyKpkxkwfa0onfh
w&m;vTwaf wmfa&SUae OD;jrpde\
f usrf;udk ]jrefrmAk'b
mom
w&m;Oya'}[kom oHk;xm;onfudk awGU&onf/
t*Fvdyfacwf wpfavQmufvHk; ]jrefrmh"avhxHk;wrf;
Oya'}[k oHk;oifah Mumif; axmufjycJah omfvnf; ratmifjrif
cJMh uonft
h jyif 1948 jrefrmEkid if v
H w
G v
f yfa&;&&SNd yD; ygvDref
acwftxd Ak'bmomw&m;Oya'[kom oHk;cJhMuaMumif;
awGU&Sd&ygonf/
1956 ckEpS f w&m;vTwaf wmfu pD&ifonfh vifcsifEkdESifh
vif*kwcf ;l (1956 jrefrmEkid if pH &D ifxk;H 247)wGif w&m;0efBuD;
OD;pHarmifu jrefrmhAk'b
mom w&m;Oya'qkdonfrSm jrefrm
(Guardian and words Act.)

"avhxk;H wrf; Oya'[k pwifok;H pGv

J maMumif; awGU&&dS onf/
1963 ckESpf a'gufwmarmifarmifjyKpkonfh Law and
Custom in Burma and the Burmese Family pmtkyfwGif
Oya'usr;f rsm;onf acwfumvajymif;vJvmygu a[mif;EGr;f
oGm;Ekid fovdk acwfaemufusvmEdkio
f nf? "avhxkH;wrf;onf
xm0&EkysKd &Sifoefaeonf[k a&;om;xm;onf/
t*Fvyd af cwfwiG f jrefrmAk'b
momtrsK;d orD;rsm; bmom
jcm;ESifhvufxyf&mwGif epfemcJhMuovkd bmomwl vlrsKd;
jcm;ESifh vufxyf&mwGifvnf; epfemcJhMuonf/
wkwfAk'bmomwpfOD;ESifh jrefrmAk'bmom rESif;vdIif
wkdYonf jrefrmh"avht& vufxyfcJhMuNyD; om;orD; ESpfOD;
xGef;um;csed w
f iG f vifa,musmf ;qHk;yg;oGm;cJo
h nft
h cg use&f dS
onfh tarGtESprf sm;udk wkw"f avhxkH;wrf;ESihf vufrxyf
cJhonfhtwGuf rESif;vdIif r&cJhonfhtjyif r,m; p&dwfyg
qHk;H;I NyD; om;orD;rsm;vnf; w&m;r0ifjzpfc&hJ onfukd 1911
ckEpS f pD&ifonfh wD0ed &f edS ;f ESihf rESi;f vdiI (f 4-bm;rm;avmwkid ;f 124)t& od&SdEdkifonf/
1920ckEpS w
f iG f pD&ifonfh armifped Bf udKifEiS hf rat; (13bm;rm;avmwkid ;f -105)trIwiG f w&m;a&;0efBuD; t*Fvyd f
vlrsK;d u Oya'ESp&f yfEiS q
hf kid af eygvsuf wpf&yfjzifh qHk;jzwf
onfudk em;rvnfEkdifyg[k nnf;wGm;cJhonf/
1954 ckEpS w
f iG f Ak'b
mom jrefrmtrsK;d orD;rsm; txl;
xdr;f jrm;rIEiS t
hf arGqufcrH t
I ufOya' ay:aygufvmcJo
h nf/
bmomjcm;ESit
hf rd af xmifjyKol Ak'b
momjrefrmtrsK;d orD;
wpfOD;onf bmomjcm;\ "avhxHk;wrf;u rnfodkYyif
qkdapumrl w&m;0ifr,m;jzpfonf? (yk'fr-7? 20)
om;orD;rsm;onfvnf; w&m;0ifom;orD; jzpf&rnf?
(yk'fr-27)
uGm&Si;f rI? tarGqufccH aGJ 0rI? om;orD;rsm; tkyfxdef;rI?
ypnf; ydkifqkdifrIwkdYonf jrefrm"avhxHk;wrf;Oya'ESio
hf m
oufqkid o
f nf/ (yk'fr-24? 25? 26)
txufyg 1954 Oya'wGif bmomul;ajymif;jcif;?
om;orD;rsm; udk;uG,&f rnfh bmomwku
Yd kd vlUtcGit
hf a&;t&
vGwv
f yfpmG ,HkMunfuk;d uG,Ef ikd o
f nf qkjd cif;aMumifh ]tuefY
towfwpfpHkwpf&m rxm;cJhavovm;}[k pma&;ol
awG;rdonf/
tpvmrfbmom0ifwpfOD;ESifh vufxyfol rnfonfh
bmom0ifrqkd tpvmrfbmom0iftvkdtavsmuf jzpf&
onf/ rjzpfvQif vifr,m;t&mrajrmuf/
c&pf,mefbmom0ifwpfOD;ESifh vufxyfolonf c&pf
,mef bmomokdY0ifa&mufNyD;rS vufxyf&onf/ tpvmrf?
c&pf,mef bmom0ifEiS hv
f ufxyfoo
l nf bmomul;ajymif;
&onfomr[kw/f emrnfukdyg tpvmrf emrnf? c&pf,mef
emrnfajymif;&onf/
pm 22 odkY

14

HLUTTAW

twGJ 2? trSwf 167 (24-9-2014) Ak'[

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a&tm;vQyfppfvkyfief;rsm;udk EdkifiHwumESizuf
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&&Sdonfh tusKd;tjrwf\xuf0ufcefhtxd&&Sdae
pGrf;&JxG#f
aejynfawmf pufwifbm 23
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&mwGif jrefrmEkid if u
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tusKd ;tjrwfonf zufpyfurk P
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wpfckvkH;&&So
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0efMuD;OD;armfomaxG;u ,refaeY
jynfolYvTwaf wmf tpnf;ta0;
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eJY Free Share ESpcf kaygif;&&Srd ,fh

tusdK;tjrwfrSm zufpyfukrPD
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wkd;wufa&;rsm;wGif pepfwus
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ajzMum;cJhonf/

cGifhjyK&&Sdaom b@maiGyrmPonf "mwftm;vdkif;

"mwftm;cGJHka[mif;rsm; tpm;xdk;vJvS,fwyfqifjcif;ESifhxyfrHwdk;csJU
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'k0efBu;D OD;atmifoef;OD;

wifwifat;
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EdkififiHawmfrS cGifhjyK&&Sdaom
b@maiGyrmPonf vuf&Sd
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"mwftm;cGJHka[mif;rsm; tpm;
xdk;vJv,
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f yfqif&efEiS hf xyfrH
wdk;csJUwyfqif&efwdkYtwGuf vHk
avmufrIr&SdaMumif; vQyfppf
pGr;f tm;0efMuD;Xme'kw,
d 0efMuD;
u ,aeY ajymMum;vdkufonf/
'kw,
d 0efMuD; OD;atmifoef;
OD;u ]wnfjidrf AdkYtm;jynfhrD
aom vQyfppf"mwftm;udk vHkjcHK
ab;tE&m,fuif;&Si;f pGmjzifh
24 em&D pOfqufrjywf jzefYjzL;
ay;Edkif&ef twGuf 1 r*g0yf
(1000uDvkd0yf ) yrmP&Sad om
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tar&duefa':vm1oef;odrYk [kwf
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? twGJ 2? trSwf 167 (24-9-2014) Ak'[l;

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25-9-2014
25-9-2014
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25-9-2014
25-9-2014
25-9-2014
25-9-2014
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25-9-2014
25-9-2014
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25-9-2014
25-9-2014
25-9-2014
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