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Result Experiment A: in Mid Out in Mid Out

This document reports on the results of three experiments using a concentric tube heat exchanger to study heat transfer under co-current and counter-current flow conditions. Experiment A shows that under co-current flow the exit temperature of the hot fluid is higher than the cold fluid, while under counter-current flow the exit temperature of the hot fluid only needs to be higher than the inlet of the cold fluid. The counter-current experiment has higher efficiency. Experiments also calculate heat transfer coefficients and find they increase with Reynolds number. The percentage error between theoretical and experimental heat transfer coefficients is lower for co-current flow.

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Rosli Razak
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81 views5 pages

Result Experiment A: in Mid Out in Mid Out

This document reports on the results of three experiments using a concentric tube heat exchanger to study heat transfer under co-current and counter-current flow conditions. Experiment A shows that under co-current flow the exit temperature of the hot fluid is higher than the cold fluid, while under counter-current flow the exit temperature of the hot fluid only needs to be higher than the inlet of the cold fluid. The counter-current experiment has higher efficiency. Experiments also calculate heat transfer coefficients and find they increase with Reynolds number. The percentage error between theoretical and experimental heat transfer coefficients is lower for co-current flow.

Uploaded by

Rosli Razak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Result

Experiment A
Readings
TT 1 (tH
in
)C TT 2 (tH
mid
)C TT 3 (tH
out
)C TT 4 (tC
in
)C TT 5 (tC
mid
)C TT 6 (tC
out
)C
60.3 56.2 52.2 31.0 36.4 40.6

Calculations
Power emitted
(W)
Power
absorbed (W)
Power lost (W) Efficiency (%) t
m
(C) U (W/m2C)
1110.97 998.55 112.42 89.88 19.1 815.50


Temp
T(C)
Flow
rate,
Q(L/min)
Reynold
Number
Re
Nusselt
number
Nu
Surface
heat
transfer
coefficient
h(W/m
2
K)
Theoretical
U
(W/m
2
K)
Exprmntl
U
(W/m
2
K)
Percent
error
(%)
Type of
flow
Hot
water
60.3 2.0 6875.24 38.85 1942.28
717.46 815.50 13.67
Turbulent
Cold
water
31.0 1.5 7947.33 52.85 6553.27 Turbulent










Experiment B
Readings
TT 1 (tH
in
)C TT 2 (tH
mid
)C TT 3 (tH
out
)C TT 4 (tC
out
)C TT 5 (tC
mid
)C TT 6 (tC
in
)C
60.6 56.9 52.6 42.0 36.3 31.8

Calculations
Power emitted
(W)
Power
absorbed (W)
Power lost (W) Efficiency (%) t
m
(C) U (W/m2C)
1097.14 1060.96 36.18 96.70 19.68 841.06



Temp
T(C)
Flow
rate,
Q(L/min)
Reynold
Number
Re
Nusselt
number
Nu
Surface
heat
transfer
coefficient
h(W/m
2
K)
Theoretical
U
(W/m
2
K)
Exprmntl
U
(W/m
2
K)
Percent
error
(%)
Type of
flow
Hot
water
60.6 2.0 6875.24 38.85 1942.28
717.46 841.06 17.23
turbulent
Cold
water
42.0 1.5 7947.33 52.85 6553.27 turbulent







Experiment C
Readings
Temp set
(C)
TT 1
(tH
in
)C
TT 2
(tH
mid
)C
TT3
(tH
out
)C
TT 4
(tC
in
)C
TT5
(tC
mid
)C
TT 6
(tC
out
)C
50 50.6 47.9 45.1 35.5 33.7 30.4
55 55.5 52.0 48.8 36.4 34.9 30.5
60 60.4 56.2 52.0 38.0 35.6 30.6
65 65.3 60.9 56.5 39.3 36.6 30.7

Calculations
Temp set
(C)
Power
emitted (W)
Power
absorbed
(W)
Power lost
(W)
Efficiency
(%)
t
m
(C) U (W/m2C)
50 754.28 707.23 47.05 93.76 14.9 740.49
55 918.86 818.17 100.69 89.04 18.7 766.57
60 1152.00 1026.18 125.82 89.08 21.9 820.64
65 1206.86 1192.59 14.27 98.82 25.9 718.35









Discussion
For experiment A, the experiment is done to demonstrate the working principles of concentric
tube heat exchanger operating under co-current flow conditions while for experiment B under counter-
current flow conditions. The hot and cold fluids enter the heat exchanger from opposite ends, and the
outlet temperature of the cold fluid in this case not exceed the outlet temperature of the hot fluid. In the
limiting case, the cold fluid will be heated to the inlet temperature of the hot fluid. However, the outlet
temperature of the cold fluid can never exceed the inlet temperature of the hot fluid, since this would be a
violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
From the data obtained, the general characteristics of co-current flow and counter current flow
heat exchangers can be observed. In the co-current flow configuration, the exit temperature of the
hot fluid must be higher than the exit temperature of the cold fluid. This is supported by the data
taken. In the counter current flow configuration, the exit temperature of the hot fluid must be higher
than the entrance temperature of the cold fluid, but it does not necessarily need to be higher than
the exit temperature of the cold fluid. This is also supported by the data, even though in this case the exit
temperature of the hot fluid is still hotter than the exit temperature of the cold fluid. From the calculations
resulting in overall effectiveness, it is shown that the counter current flow heat exchanger is more
effective than the co-current flow heat exchanger. This supports generally held knowledge and
experimental data concerning the two types of heat exchanger, governed by the Clausius Statement.
Additionally, in the counter flow heat exchanger, had the exit temperature of the cold fluid been hotter
than the exit temperature of the hot fluid, the effectiveness would have been even higher.
For the co-current flow and the counter current flow, the surface heat transfer coefficient is
depend on the reynold number. The surface heat transfer coefficient will increase if the reynold number of
hot water and cold water increase. This is due to the nusselt number formulae which involve the
multiplication of reynold number and this nusselt number value will be used in the surface heat transfer
coefficient. So this proves that reynold number always effect the surface heat transfer coefficient.
For the co-current flow, the difference between theoretical and experimental overall heat
transfer coefficient, U is less than the counter current flow difference. This resulted , the co-current flow
has lower percentage error than counter current flow. This case happened because the efficiency for co-
current flow is less than counter current flow.

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