Companies Act Guy

LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
3 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
CHAPTER 89:01
COMPANIES ACT
ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PART I
PRELIMINARY
SECTION
1. Short title.
2. Interpretation.
3. Prohibited associations.
PART II
FORMATION AND OPERATION OF COMPANIES
DIVISION A
INCORPORATION OF COMPANIES
4. Incorporation.
5. Contents of articles of incorporation.
6. Required votes.
7. Documentation.
Certificate of Incorporation
8. Certificate of incorporation.
Corporate Name
9. Corporate name.
10. Reserved name.
11. Change of name.
12. Continued name.
13. Revocation of name.
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Companies Cap. 89:01 4
SECTION
14. Assigned name.
Pre-Incorporation Contracts
15. Pre-incorporation contracts.
DIVISION B
CAPACITY AND POWERS OF COMPANY
16. Capacity and powers of company.
17. Powers reduced.
18. Validity of acts.
19. Notice not presumed.
20. No disclaimer allowed.
21. Contracts of company.
22. Bills of exchange and promissory notes.
23. Power of attorney.
24. Common seal.
DIVISION C
SHARE CAPITAL
Shares
25. Nature of shares.
26. If only one class.
27. Share classes; class votes.
28. Issue of shares.
29. Consideration.
30. Meaning of stated capital.
31. Stated capital accounts.
32. Series shares.
33. Pre-emptive rights.
34. Conversion privileges.
35. Reserve shares.
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Companies
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SECTION
36. Power of company to require disclosure of beneficial interests in
its voting shares.
37. Company holding shares in capacity as personal representative,
etc.
38. Acquisition of own shares.
39. Other acquisition.
40. Redeemable shares.
41.}
42.}
43. Stated capital reduction.
44. Stated capital adjustment.
45. Cancellation of shares.
46. Presumption re own shares.
47. Changing share class.
48. Effect of purchase contract.
49. Payment of commission.
50. Payment of dividend.
51. No elimination of past revenue losses before payment of
dividend.
52. Other provisions with respect to profits.
53. Pre-acquisition profits.
54. Financial assistance to acquire shares.
55. Prohibition of loans to directors of public company.
56. Compensation for loss of office by a director on transfer of
companys undertaking.
57. Immunity of shareholders.
58. Lien on shares.
DIVISION D
MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES
The Directors
59. Duty to manage company.
60. Number of directors.
61. Restricted powers.
62. By-law powers.
Repealed by Act 14 of 1992.
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SECTION
63. Organisational meeting.
64. Disqualification for appointment as director.
65. Court disqualification of directors.
66. Directors share qualification.
67. Statement in relation to first directors and secretary.
68. Appointment of directors of public company.
69. Termination of office.
70. Resignation of director.
71. Removal of director.
72. Right to notice.
73. Filling vacancy.
74. Numbers changed.
75. Notice of change.
76. Directors meetings.
77. Notice and waiver.
78. Adjourned meeting.
79. One director board.
80. Telephone participation.
81. Delegation of powers.
82. Validity of acts.
83. Resolution in writing.
84. Liability for share issue.
85. Liability for other acts.
86. Contribution for judgment.
87. Recovery by action.
88. Defence to liability.
89. Time limit on liability.
90. Interests in contracts.
91. Interest declaration.
92. Avoidance of nullity.
93. Setting aside contract.
94. Designation of offices, etc.
95. Borrowing powers.
96. Duty of care.
97. Limitation on exemption of director from liability.
98. Dissenting from resolutions.
99. Indemnifying directors, etc.
100. Indemnity of persons for action by or on behalf of Company.
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SECTION
101. Right to indemnity.
102. Insurance of directors, etc.
103. Court approval of indemnity.
104. Directors remuneration.
DIVISION E
SHAREHOLDERS OF COMPANIES
Meetings
105. Place of meetings.
106. Meeting outside Guyana.
107. Calling meetings.
108. Record date of shareholders.
109. Statutory date.
110. Notice of record date.
111. Persons to whom notice of meetings is to be given.
112. Special business.
113. Waiver of notice.
Proposals and Proxies
114. Proposals of shareholders.
115. Proxy circular.
116. Nomination in proposal.
117. Non-compliance with proxy solicitation.
118. Publishing immunity.
119. Refusal notice.
120. Restraining meeting.
121. Right to omit proposal.
122. Registrars notice.
123. List of shareholders.
124. Examination of list.
125. Substantial shareholder.
126. Substantial shareholder to give notice to company.
127. Person ceasing to be a substantial shareholder to notify company.
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Quorum
SECTION
128. Quorum
Voting the Shares
129. Right to vote share.
130. Representative of other body.
131. Joint shareholders.
132. Voting method at meetings.
133. Postal voting.
134. Resolution in writing.
Extraordinary General Meeting
135. Requisitioned shareholders meeting.
136. Court-called meeting.
Controverted Affairs
137. Court review controversy.
138. Application to court to declare that resolution was not passed or
was not defeated.
139. Powers of court.
Shareholder Approvals
140. Extraordinary transaction.
DIVISION F
PROXIES
141. Definitions.
Proxy Holders
142. Proxy appointment.
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Companies
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SECTION
143. Revocation of proxy.
144. Deposit of proxy.
145. Mandatory solicitation of proxy.
146. Prohibited solicitation.
147. Documents for Registrar.
148. Exemption by Registrar.
149. Proxy attending meeting.
Share Registrants
150. Registrants duty.
151. Governing prohibition.
Remedial Powers
152. Restraining Order.
DIVISION G
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Annual Returns
153. Annual return to be made by company.
154. Documents to be annexed to annual return.
155. Copies to shareholders.
156. Registrars copies.
Accounts
157. Accounts to be kept.
158. Profit and loss account and balance sheet.
159. Provisions as to contents and form of annual accounts.
160. Group accounts.
161. Form and contents of group accounts.
162. Financial year of holding company and subsidiary.
163. Particulars of directors emoluments, etc.
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SECTION
164. Particulars of subsidiaries.
165. Particulars of associated companies in which company holds
shares.
166. Particulars of companys holding company.
167. Duty to give particulars for purposes of sections 163 to 167.
Directors Annual Report
168. Duty to lay directors annual report.
169. Particulars of different classes of business of company and its
directors.
Company Auditor
170. Auditors qualifications.
171. Disqualification of auditor.
172. Appointment of auditor.
173. Dispensing with auditor.
174. Cessation of office.
175. Removal of auditor.
176. Filling auditor vacancy.
177. Court appointed auditor.
178. Auditor rights to notices.
179. Required attendance.
180. Right to comment.
181. Examination by auditor.
182. Right to inspect.
183. Detected error.
184. Power of auditors in relation to subsidiaries.
185. Auditors report.
186. Privilege of auditor.
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DIVISION H
CORPORATE RECORDS
Registered Office of Company
SECTION
187. Registered office.
188. Notice of address.
Company Registers and Records
189. Records of company.
Records of Trusts
190. Trust notices.
Minutes and Other Record
191. Other records.
Form of Records
192. Records form.
Care of Records
193. Duty of care for records.
Access to Records
194. Access to records.
Shareholders Lists
195. Basic list of shareholders.
196. Options list.
197. Restricted use of lists.
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SECTION
198. Company to keep register of substantial shareholders.
DIVISION I
TRANSFER OF SHARES AND DEBENTURES
199. Transfer of shares or debentures.
200. Restrictions on transfers.
201. Duty to issue certifications of transfers.
202. Transfer certificate.
203. Registration of transfers.
204. Effect of certificate.
DIVISION J
TAKE-OVER BIDS
205. Definitions.
206. Offeror rights.
207. Notice to dissenting shareholders.
208. Adverse claims.
209. Delivery of certificates.
210. Payment for shares.
211. Money in trust.
212. Duty of offeree-company.
213. Application to court.
214. Joined parties.
215. Powers and order of court.
216. Additional orders.
DIVISION K
ARRANGEMENTS OF RECONSTRUCTION
217. Power to compromise with creditors and members.
218. Information as to compromises with creditors and members.
219. Provisions for facilitating reconstruction and amalgamation of
companies.
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SECTION
220. Power to acquire shares of shareholders dissenting from scheme
or contract approved by majority.
DIVISION L
221. Definitions.
Derivative Actions
222. Derivative actions.
223. Power of court.
Restraining Oppression
224. Oppression restraining.
225. Staying action.
226. Interim costs.
227. Rectification of records.
Other Remedial Actions
228. Directions for Registrar.
229. Refusal by Registrar.
230. Appeal from Registrar.
231. Restraining order, etc.
232. Summary application.
PART III
PROTECTION OF CREDITORS AND INVESTORS
DIVISION A
REGISTRATION OF CHARGES
Charges
233. Registration with Registrar.
CIVIL REMEDIES
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SECTION
234. Registered debenture to rank as mortgage.
235. Contents of charge statements.
236. Certified copy of instrument.
237. Later charges.
238. Effect on enactments.
239. Fluctuating charges.
240. Charge on acquisition of property.
241. Duty to register.
242. Register of charges.
243. Endorsement on debenture.
244. Satisfaction and payment.
245. Rectification of error.
246. Retention of copy.
247. Inspection of copies.
248. Registration of receiver.
Application of Division
249. External company.
DIVISION B
TRUST DEEDS AND DEBENTURES
250. Definitions.
251. Application of Division.
Trustees
252. Conflict of interest.
253. List of debenture holders.
254. Evidence of compliance.
255. Contents of evidence.
256. Further evidence.
257. Evidence relating to conditions.
258. Certificate of compliance.
259. Notice of default.
260. Redemption of debenture.
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SECTION
261. Duty of care.
262. Reliance on statements.
263. No exculpation.
264. Rights of trustees.
Trust Deeds
265. Need for trust deed.
266. Kinds of debentures.
267. Cover of trust deed.
268. Exception.
269. Contents of trust deed.
270. Contents of debentures.
Realisation of Security
271. Realisation of debenture holders security.
DIVISION C
RECEIVERS AND RECEIVER-MANAGERS
272. Disqualified receivers.
273. Functions of receivers.
274. Functions of receiver-managers.
275. Directors powers stopped.
276. Duty under court direction.
277. Duty under instrument.
278. Duty of care.
279. Directions by court.
280. Duties of receivers, etc.
281. Liability of receivers, etc.
282. Notice of receivership.
283. Statement of affairs.
284. Contents of statement.
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DIVISION D
PROSPECTUSES
Interpretation
SECTION
285. Definitions.
286. Application of Division.
Prospectus Requirements
287. Prohibition re public issue.
288. Contents of prospectus.
289. Professional names.
290. No waivers.
291. Certain notice required.
292. Responsibility re certificate.
293. Evidence.
Registration of Prospectus
294. Registration of prospectus.
Other Requirements
295. Prospectus presumed.
296. Experts consent.
Liability for Prospectus Claims
297. Liability on prospectus.
Subscription List and Minimum Subscription
298. Subscription lists.
299. Minimum subscription.
300. Escrow of subscription money.
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Remedial Actions
SECTION
301. Rescission of contract.
302. Time limit on allotment.
Statement in Lieu of Prospectus
303. Restriction on allotment.
304. Statement in lieu of prospectus.
DIVISION E
INSIDER TRADING
305. Definitions.
306. Interpretation for the purpose of section 307.
307. Prohibition of short sale, etc.
308. Interpretation for the purpose of section 309.
309. Liability of insider.
PART IV
OTHER REGISTERED COMPANIES
DIVISION A
EXTERNAL COMPANIES
310. Definitions.
311. Exceptions.
312. Prohibition.
313. Registration required.
314. Restrictions on activities.
315. External amalgamated company.
316. Registering external companies.
317. Language.
318. Attorney of company.
319. Failure of power.
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SECTION
320. Capacity of attorney.
321. Certificate of registration.
322. Effect of registration.
323. Suspension of registration.
324. Cancellation of registration.
325. Revival of registration.
326. Previous activities.
327. Name display.
328. Fundamental changes.
329. Accounts of company carrying on business in Guyana.
330. Incapacity of company.
331. Resumption of action.
332. Other provisions.
333. Holding of land by external company.
DIVISION B
FORMER-ACT COMPANIES
334. Former-Act company.
335. Effect of corporate instrument.
336. Continuation as company.
337. Amending instrument.
338. Articles of continuation.
339. Certificate of continuation.
340. Preservation of company.
341. Various shares.
342. Non-continuance disability.
343. Effect of earlier references.
DIVISION C
APPLICATION OF ACT TO GOVERNMENT COMPANIES
344. Definition of Government company.
345. Accounts and audit.
346. Annual report on Government company.
347. Power to modify Act in relation to Government companies.
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PART V
WINDING-UP
DIVISION A
PRELIMINARY
SECTION
348. Modes of winding up.
349. Liability as contributories of present and past members.
350. Definition of contributory.
351. Nature of liability of contributory.
352. Contributories in case of death of member.
353. Contributories in case of bankruptcy of member.
DIVISION B
WINDING-UP BY THE COURT
Preliminary
354. Circumstances in which company may be wound up by court.
355. Definition of inability to pay debts.
356. Petition for winding up.
357. Powers of court on hearing petition.
358. Power to stay or restrain proceedings against company.
359. Avoidance of dispositions of property, etc., after commencement
of winding up.
360. Avoidance of attachments, etc.
361. Commencement of winding up by the court.
362. Copy of order to be forwarded to Registrar.
363. Actions stayed on winding up order.
364. Effect of winding up order.
Official Receiver
365. Meaning of Official Receiver.
366. Statement of companys affairs.
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SECTION
367. Report by Official Receiver.
Liquidators
368. Power of court to appoint liquidators.
369. Appointment and powers of provisional liquidator.
370. Appointment, style, etc., of liquidators.
371. Provisions where person other than Official Receiver is
appointed liquidator.
372. General provisions as to liquidators.
373. Custody of companys property.
374. Vesting of property of company in liquidator.
375. Powers of Liquidator.
376. Exercise and control of liquidators powers.
377. Books to be kept by liquidator.
378. Payments of liquidator into bank.
379. Audit of liquidators accounts.
380. Control of Registrar over liquidators.
381. Release of liquidator.
Committees of Inspection
382. Meetings of creditors and contributories to determine whether
committee of inspection shall be appointed.
383. Constitution and proceedings of committee of inspection.
384. Powers of Minister where no committee of inspection.
General Powers of Court
385. Power to stay winding up, etc.
386. Settlement of list of contributories and application of assets.
387. Delivery of property to liquidator.
388. Payment of debts due by contributory to company and extent to
which set-off allowed.
389. Power of court to make calls.
390. Payment into bank of moneys due to company.
391. Order on contributory is conclusive evidence.
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SECTION
392. Appointment of special manager.
393. Power to exclude creditors not proving in time.
394. Adjustment of rights of contributories.
395. Inspection of books by creditors or contributories.
396. Power to order costs of winding up to be paid out of assets.
397. Power to summon persons suspected of having property of
company.
398. Power to order public examination of promoters, directors, etc.
399. Power to arrest absconding contributory.
400. Powers of court cumulative.
401. Delegation to liquidator of certain powers of court.
402. Dissolution of company.
403. Power to enforce orders and appeals from orders.
DIVISION C
VOLUNTARY WINDING UP
Introductory
404. Winding up resolutions.
405. Notice of resolution to wind up voluntarily.
406. Commencement of voluntary winding up.
407. Effect of voluntary winding up on business and status of
company.
408. Avoidance of transfers, etc., after commencement of voluntary
winding up.
409. Statutory declaration of solvency in case of proposal of winding
up voluntarily.
Provisions Applicable only to
Members Voluntary Winding Up
410. Power of company to appoint and fix remuneration of liquidators.
411. Power to fill vacancy in office of liquidator.
412. Power of liquidator to accept shares, etc., as consideration for
sale of property of company.
413. Duty of liquidator to call creditors meeting in case of insolvency.
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SECTION
414. Duty of liquidator to call general meeting at the end of each year.
415. Final meeting and dissolution.
416. Alternative provisions as to annual and final meetings in case of
insolvency.
Provisions Applicable to a Creditors
Voluntary Winding Up
417. Meeting of creditors.
418. Appointment of liquidator.
419. Appointment of committee of inspection.
420. Fixing of liquidators remuneration and cesser of directors
powers.
421. Power to fill vacancy in office of liquidator.
422. Application of section 412 to a creditors winding up.
423. Duty of liquidator to call meetings of company and of creditors
at end of each year.
424. Final meeting and dissolution.
Provisions Applicable to every
425. Distribution of property of company.
426. Powers and duties of liquidator in voluntary winding up.
427. Power of court to appoint and remove liquidator in voluntary
winding up.
428. Notice by liquidator of his appointment.
429. Arrangement when binding on creditors.
430. Power to apply to court to have questions determined or powers
exercised.
431. Costs of voluntary winding up.
432. Saving for rights of creditors and contributories.
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DIVISION D
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO EVERY MODE
OF WINDING UP
Proof and Ranking of Claims
SECTION
433. Debts of all descriptions to be proved.
434. Preferential payments.
Effect of Winding up on Antecedent and
Other Transactions
435. Fraudulent preference.
436. Liabilities and rights of certain fraudulently preferred persons.
437. Effect of floating charge.
438. Disclaimer of onerous property.
439. Interpretation.
440. Restriction of rights of creditor as to execution or attachment.
441. Duties of bailiff as to goods taken in execution.
Offences
442. Offences by officers of companies in liquidation.
443. Penalty for falsification of books.
444. Frauds by officers of companies which have gone into liquidation.
445. Liability where proper accounts not kept.
446. Fraudulent trading.
447. Power of court to assess damages against delinquent directors,
etc.
448. Prosecution of delinquent officers and members of a company;
penalties.
Supplementary Provisions as to Winding Up
449. Disqualification for appointment as liquidator.
450. Notification that a company is in liquidation.
451. Failure to comply with section 450.
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SECTION
452. Exemption of certain documents from stamp duty on winding up
of companies.
453. Books of company to be evidence.
454. Disposal of books and papers of company.
455. Information as to pending liquidations; penalties.
456. Unclaimed assets.
Supplementary Powers of Court
457. Meetings to ascertain wishes of creditors or contributories.
458. Affidavits, etc.
Provisions as to Dissolution
459. Power of Court to declare dissolution of company void.
460. Outstanding assets of defunct company to vest in Registrar.
461. Disposal of moneys.
Rules
462. Rules.
DIVISION E
Winding Up of Unregistered Companies
463. Unregistered company.
464. Winding up of unregistered companies.
465. Contributories in winding up of unregistered company.
466. Power of court to stay or restrain proceedings.
467. Outstanding assets of defunct unregistered company.
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PART VI
ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL
DIVISION A
FUNCTIONS OF THE REGISTRAR
Registrar of Companies
SECTION
468. Responsibility.
469. Service upon the Registrar.
Register of Companies
470. Register of Companies.
471. Inspection of register.
Notices and Documents
472. Notice to directors, etc.
473. Presumption of receipt.
474. Undelivered documents.
475. Notice waiver.
476. Certificate by company.
477. Evidentiary value.
478. Copies.
479. Filed articles.
480. Alteration of documents.
481. Correction of documents.
482. Proof of documents.
483. Retention of documents.
484. Registrars certificate.
485. Refusal power.
486. Filing form.
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Removal from Register
SECTION
487. Striking off register.
488. Liability continues.
Service
489. Service on company.
Company Names
490. Reservation of name.
491. Prohibited name.
492. Refusal of articles.
493. Amalgamation companies.
494. Revival name.
DIVISION B
INSPECTIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPANIES
General
495. Interpretation.
Inspection
496. Appointment of inspector by Minister.
497. Notice of appointment, etc., to be published.
498. Powers of inspectors.
499. Examination of interested persons.
500. Interested person failing to comply with requirements of this
Division.
501. Inspectors reports.
502. Proceedings on inspectors reports.
503. Expenses of investigation.
504. Orders may be made by the Minister.
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SECTION
505. Application for winding up.
Investigation
506. Investigation order.
507. Court powers.
508. Inspectors powers.
509. In camera hearing.
510. Incriminating evidence.
511. Privilege absolute.
Inquiries
512. Ownership interest.
513. Client privileges.
514. Inquiries.
DIVISION C
REGULATIONS
515. Regulations.
DIVISION D
OFFENCES AND PENALTIES
516. Name offence.
517. Abuse of corporate status.
518. Reports.
519. Prohibition against offering shares or debentures to the public.
520. Specific offences.
521. Company offences.
522. General offence.
523. Defence re prospectuses.
524. Order to comply.
525. Limitation.
526. Civil remedies unaffected.
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DIVISION E
CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF ACT
Corporate Relationships
SECTION
527. Affiliated bodies corporate.
528. Control of body corporate.
529. Holding and subsidiary.
Public Distribution of Corporate Securities
530. Distribution to public.
531. Offer to the public.
532. Shall use of.
533. May use of.
534. Must use of.
Corporate and Other Expressions
535. Definition of technical words.
DIVISION F
MISCELLANEOUS AND CONSEQUENTIAL MATTERS
536. Statutory declarations under certain provisions.
537. Saving.
538. References to Companies Act.
539. Transitional.
540. Repeal effect.
FIRST SCHEDULE
Matters to be specified in Prospectus and Reports to be set out therein.
Part I - Matters to be specified.
Part II - Reports to be set out.
Part III - Provisions applying to Parts I and II of this Schedule.
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SECOND SCHEDULE
Statement in lieu of Prospectus.
Part I - Statement in lieu of Prospectus lodged for registration
by (insert the name of the Company.)
Part II - Reports to be set out.
Part III - Provisions applying to Parts I and II of this Schedule.
THIRD SCHEDULE
By-Laws.
FOURTH SCHEDULE
Part I - Amendment of Articles of Incorporation.
Part II - Amendment of By-Laws.
Part III - Cancellation of amendment of Articles of Incorpora-
tion or By-Laws.
Part IV - Right of shareholder to dissent.
FIFTH SCHEDULE
Contents of annual return of a company.
SIXTH SCHEDULE
Accounts
Preliminary
Part I - General provisions as to balance sheet and profit and
loss account.
Part II - Special provisions where the company is a holding
company or subsidiary company.
Part III - Exceptions for special classes of company.
Part IV - Interpretation of schedule.
SEVENTH SCHEDULE
Amendment of enactments.
LAWS OF GUYANA
CHAPTER 89:01
COMPANIES ACT
AN ACT to revise and amend the law relating to Companies and
to provide for related and consequential matters.
[25TH MAY, 1995]
PART I
PRELIMINARY
1. This Act may be cited as the Companies Act.
2. (1) In this Act
articles means, unless qualified
(i) the original or restated articles of incorporation,
articles of amendment, articles of reorganisation and
articles of continuation; and
(ii) any statute, letters patent, memorandum of
association, certificate of incorporation, or other corporate
instrument evidencing the existence of a body corporate
continued as a company under this Act;
company means a body corporate that is incorporated or continued
under this Act;
Caribbean Community means the community of states established by
the Treaty signed on 4th July, 1973, at Chaguaramas;
court means the High Court;
former-Act company means a company described in section 25;
29 of 1991
Short title.
Interpretation.
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former Act means the Companies Act immediately in force before the
commencement of this Act;
officer in relation to a body corporate means
(i) the chairman, deputy chairman, president, or vice
president of the board of directors;
(ii) the managing director, the general manager,
comptroller, the secretary or the treasurer; or
(iii) any other individual who performs for the body
corporate functions similar to those normally performed by
the holder of any office specified in subparagraph (i) or (ii);
public company means a company any of whose issued shares or
debentures are or were part of a distribution to the public within
the meaning of section 531, or are intended for distribution to the
public;
Registrarmeans the Registrar of Companies under this Act.
(2) Other word and expressions that are to be read or construed
in this Act in a particular sense or in a particular manner are defined or
construed for that purpose in Division G of Part VI and, in particular but
without affecting the Interpretation and General Clauses Act in other
circumstances, the manner in which the auxiliary words shall, may
and must are used in this Act is set out in that Division.
3. No association, partnership, society, body or other group
consisting of more than twenty persons may be formed for the purpose
of carrying on any trade or business for gain unless it is incorporated
under this Act or formed under some other enactment.
c. 2:01
Prohibited
association.
LAWS OF GUYANA
PART II
FORMATION AND OPERATION OF COMPANIES
DIVISION A
INCORPORATION OF COMPANIES
4. (1) Subject to subsection (2), one or more persons may
incorporate a company by signing and sending articles of incorporation
to the Registrar.
(2) No individual who
(a) is less than eighteen years of age;
(b) is of unsound mind and has been so found by a tribunal
in Guyana or elsewhere; or
(c) is an undischarged bankrupt,
shall form or join in the formation of a company under this Act.
(3) If articles of incorporation submitted to the Registrar are
accompanied with a statutory declaration by an attorney-at-law that to
the best of his knowledge and belief no signatory to the articles is an
individual described in subsection (2), the declaration shall, for the
purposes of this Act, be conclusive of the facts therein declared.
5. (1) Articles of incorporation must follow the prescribed form and
must set out, in respect of the proposed company
(a) the proposed name of the company;
(b) that the registered office of the company is to be situated
in Guyana;
(c) the classes and any maximum number of shares that the
company is authorised to issue; and
(i) if there will be two or more classes of shares, the
rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to
each class of shares; and
Incorporation.
Contents of
articles of
incorporation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
33 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(ii) if a class of shares can be issued in series, the
authority given to the directors to fix the number of shares
in, or to determine the designation of, and the rights,
privileges, restrictions and conditions attaching to, the
shares of each series;
(d) the minimum issue price in respect of shares or classes
of shares;
(e) if the right to transfer shares of the company is to be
restricted, a statement that the right to transfer shares is
restricted and the nature of those restrictions;
(f) the number of directors or the minimum and maximum
number of directors of the company;
(g) if section 28 (5) and (6) applies, the matter required by
those subsections to be stated in the articles; and
(h) any restrictions on the business that the company may
carry on.
(2) The articles may set out any provisions permitted by this Act
or by law permitted to be set out in the by-laws of the company.
(3) Where the right to transfer any shares is restricted, a
notification to that effect must be given on each share certificate issued
in respect of those shares.
(4) Parts I and III of the Fourth Schedule shall apply with respect
to the amendment and cancellation of the amendment of articles of a
company respectively.
(5) Part IV of the Fourth Schedule shall apply with respect to the
right of a shareholder of a company to dissent where the articles of the
company are to be amended in any manner mentioned in that Part.
6. (1) Subject to subsection (2), if the articles require a greater
number of votes of directors or shareholders than that required by this
Act to effect any action, the provisions of the articles shall prevail.
Required
votes.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The articles may not require a greater number of votes of
shareholders to remove a director than the number supporting a
resolution for his removal under section 71.
7. An incorporator must send to the Registrar with the articles of
incorporation the documents required by the sections 67 (1),188 (1) and
479.
Certificate of Incorporation
8. (1) Upon receipt of articles of incorporation, the Registrar must
issue a certificate of incorporation in accordance with section 479; and
the certificate shall be conclusive proof of the incorporation of the
company named in the certificate.
(2) A company shall come into existence on the date shown in its
certificate of incorporation.
Corporate Name
9. The word incorporated or the abbreviation inc. shall be part
of the name of every company, incorporated under this Act, but a
company may use and may be legally designated by either the full or the
abbreviated form:
Provided that, notwithstanding anything in this Act, a former-Act
company may continue the use of the word limited or the abbreviation
ltd. as part of its name and may be legally designated by either the full
or abbreviated form.
10. A company must not be incorporated with or have a name
(a) that is prohibited or refused under sections 491 to 494;
or
(b) that is reserved for another company or intended
company under section 490.
11. Where, through inadvertence or otherwise, a company
Documenta-
tion.
Certificate of
incorporation.
Corporate
name.
[5 of 1997]
Reserved
name.
Change of
name.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
35 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) comes into existence with a name that contravenes
section 10; or
(b) is, upon an application to change its name, granted a
name that contravenes section 10,
the Registrar may direct the company to change its name in accordance
with paragraph 1 (1) (a) of Part I of the Fourth Schedule.
12. Notwithstanding sections 10 and 11, a company that is continued
under this Act shall be entitled to be continued with the name it lawfully
had before that continuance.
13. Where a company has been directed under section 11 to change
its name and has not, within sixty days from the service of the direction
to that effect, changed its name to a name that complies with this Act,
the Registrar may revoke the name of the company and assign to it a
name; and, until changed in accordance with paragraph 1 (1) (a) of Part
I of the Fourth Schedule, the name company shall thereafter be the name
so assigned.
14. (1) When a company has had its name revoked and a name
assigned to it under section 13, the Registrar must issue a certificate of
amendment showing the new name of the company and must forthwith
give notice of the change in the Gazette.
(2) Upon the issue of a certificate of amendment under
subsection (1), the articles of the company to which the certificate refers
shall be amended accordingly on the date shown in the certificate.
Pre-incorporation Contracts
15. (1) Except as provided in this section, a person who enters into
a written contract in the name of or on behalf of a company before it
comes into existence shall be personally bound by the contract and shall
be entitled to the benefits of the contract.
Continued
name.
Revocation of
name.
Assigned
name.
Pre-
incorportion
contracts.
Fourth
Schedule.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Within a reasonable time after a company comes into
existence, it may, by any action or conduct signifying its intention to be
bound thereby, adopt a written contract made, in its name or on its behalf,
before it came into existence.
(3) When a company adopts a written contract under subsection
(2)
(a) the company shall be bound by the contract and shall be
entitled to the benefits thereof as if the company had been in
existence at the date of the contract and had been a party to
it; and
(b) a person, who purported to act in the name of the
company or on its behalf shall cease, except as provided in
subsection (4), to be bound by or entitled to the benefits of the
contract.
(4) Except as provided in subsection (5), whether or not a written
contract made before the coming into existence of the company is
adopted by the company, a party to the contract may apply to the court
for an order fixing obligations under the contract as joint, or joint and
several, or apportioning liability between or among the company and a
person who purported to act in the name of the company or on its behalf,
and the court may, upon the application, make any order it thinks fit.
(5) If expressly so provided in the written contract, a person who
purported to act for or on behalf of a company before it came into
existence shall not in any event be bound by the contract or entitled to
the benefits of the contract.
DIVISION B
CAPACITY AND POWERS OF COMPANY
16. (1) A company shall have the capacity and, subject to this Act,
the rights, powers and privileges of an individual.
Capacity and
powers of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
37 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) A company shall have the capacity to carry on its business,
conduct its affairs and exercise its powers in any jurisdiction outside
Guyana to the extent that the laws of Guyana and of that jurisdiction
permit.
(3) It shall not be necessary for a by-law to be passed to confer
any particular power on a company or its directors.
(4) This section shall not authorise any company to carry on any
business or activity in breach of
(a) any enactment prohibiting or restricting the carrying on
of the business or activity; or
(b) any provision requiring any permission or licence for the
carrying on of the business or activity.
17. A company shall not carry on any business or exercise any power
that it is restricted by its articles from carrying on or exercising, nor shall
a company exercise any of its powers in a manner contrary to its articles.
18. For the avoidance of doubt, it is hereby declared that no act of a
company, including any transfer of property to or by a company, shall be
invalid by reason only that the act or transfer is contrary to its articles
or this Act.
19. No person shall be affected by or presumed to have notice or
knowledge of the contents of a document concerning a company by
reason only that the document has been filed with the Registrar or is
available for inspection at any office of the company.
20. A company or a guarantor of an obligation of the company may
not assert against a person dealing with the company or with any person
who has acquired rights from the company that
(a) any of the articles, or by-laws of the company has not
been complied with;
(b) the persons named in the most recent notice to the
Registrar under section 67 or 75 are not the directors of the
company;
Powers
reduced.
Validity of
acts.
Notice not
presumed.
No disclaimer
allowed.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(c) the place named in the most recent notice sent to the
Registrar under section 188 is not the registered office of the
company;
(d) a person held out by a company as a director, an officer
or an agent of the company has not been duly appointed or has
no authority to exercise the powers or perform the duties that
are customary in the business of the company or usual for
such a director, officer or agent;
(e) a document issued by any director, officer or agent of the
company with actual or usual authority to issue the document
is not valid or not genuine; or
(f) the financial assistance referred to in section 54 or the
sale, lease, or exchange of property referred to in section 140
was not authorised,
except where that person has, or ought to have by virtue of his position
with or relationship to the company, knowledge to the contrary.
21. (1) A contract made according to this section on behalf of a
company
(a) shall be effective in law in point of form and shall bind the
company and the other party to the contract; and
(b) may be varied or discharged in the like manner that it is
authorised by this section to be made.
(2) A contract that, if made between individuals, would, by law,
be required to be in writing or under seal may be made on behalf of a
company in writing under seal.
be required to be in writing or to be evidenced in writing by the parties
to be charged thereby may be made or evidenced in writing signed in the
name or on behalf of the company.
be valid although made by parol only, and not reduced to writing, may be
made by parol on behalf of the company.
Contracts of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
39 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
22. A bill of exchange or promissory note shall be deemed to have
been made, accepted or endorsed, on behalf of the company, if made,
accepted or endorsed in the name of the company or if expressed to be
made, accepted or endorsed on behalf or on account of the company.
23. (1) A company may, by writing under seal, empower any person,
either generally or in respect of any specified matter, as its attorney to
execute deeds on its behalf in any place within or outside Guyana.
(2) A deed signed by a person empowered as provided in
subsection (1) shall bind the company and shall have the same effect as
if it were under the companys seal.
24. (1) A company must have a common seal with its name engraved
thereon in legible characters; but, except when required by any
enactment to use its common seal, the company may, for the purpose of
sealing any document, use its common seal or any other form of seal.
(2) If authorised by its by-laws, a company may have for use in
any country other that Guyana or for use in any district or place not
situated in Guyana, an official seal, which must be a facsimile of the
common seal of the company with the addition on its face of the name
of every country, district or place where it is to be used.
(3) Every document to which an official seal of the company is
duly affixed shall bind the company as if it had been sealed with the
common seal of the company.
(4) A company may, by an instrument in writing under its
common seal, authorise any person appointed for that purpose to affix
the companys official seal to any document to which the company is
party in the country, district or place where its official seal can be used.
(5) Any person dealing with an agent appointed pursuant to
subsection (4) in reliance on the instrument conferring the authority may
assume that the authority of the agent continues during the period, if any,
mentioned in the instrument or, if no period is so mentioned, until that
person has actual notice of the revocation or determination of the
authority.
Bills of
exchange and
promissory
notes.
Power of
attorney.
Common seal.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(6) A person who affixes an official seal of a company to a
document shall, by writing under his hand, certify on the document the
date on which and the place at which the official seal is affixed.
DIVISION C
SHARE CAPITAL
Shares
25. (1) Shares in a company shall be movable property and shall not
be of the nature of immovable property, and a share shall be transferable
in the manner provided by this Act.
(2) Shares in a company shall be without nominal or par value.
(3) When a former-Act company is continued under this Act, a
share with nominal or par value issued by the company before it was so
continued shall, for the purposes of subsection (2), be deemed to be a
share without nominal or par value.
(4) Subject to subsection (5), each share in a company must be
distinguished by an appropriate designation.
(5) If at any time all the issued shares in a company, or all the
issued shares in a company of a particular class, rank equally for all
purposes, none of those shares need thereafter have a distinguishing
designation so long as it ranks equally for all purposes with all shares for
the time being issued or, as the case may be, all the shares for the time
being issued of the particular class.
(6) For the purposes of this Act, a former-Act Company shall be
a body corporate that was
(a) incorporated under Part I of the former-Act;
(b) registered pursuant to section 16 of the former- Act; or
(c) incorporated or registered under the Companies
Ordinance, 1864 or 1898.
Nature of
shares.
O. 31/1864
O. 21/1898
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
41 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
26. When a company has only one class of shares the rights of the
holders shall be equal in all respects and shall include
(a) the right to vote at any meeting of shareholders;
(b) the right to receive any dividend declared by the
company;
(c) the right to receive the remaining property of the
company on dissolution.
27. (1) The articles of a company may provide for more than one
class of shares, and if they so provide
(a) the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions
attaching to the shares of each class must be set out in the
articles; and
(b) the rights set out in section 26 must be attached to at least
one class of shares but all of those rights need not be attached
to the same class of shares.
(2) The holders of shares of a class or, subject to subsection (3),
of a series shall be, unless the articles of a company otherwise provide
in the case of an amendment described in paragraph 14 (1) (a) or (b) of
Part IV of the Fourth Schedule, entitled to vote separately, as a class or
series, upon a proposal to amend the articles for any of the purposes
mentioned in paragraph 14 (1) of the said Schedule.
(3) The holders of a series of a class shall be entitled to vote
separately as a series under subsection (2) only if the series is affected
by an amendment in a manner different from other shares of the same
class.
(4) Subsection (2) shall apply whether or not shares of a class or
series otherwise carry the right to vote.
(5) A proposed amendment to the articles of a company referred
to in subsection (2) shall be adopted when the holders of the shares of
each class or series entitled to vote separately thereon as a class or
series have approved the amendment by a special resolution.
If only one
class.
Share classes;
class vote.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
28. (1) Subject to subsection (2), shares may be issued by a company
when, and as often as, the directors of the company determine.
(2) The right of a company to issue shares shall be subject to any
limitation in the articles of the company with respect to the number of
shares which may be issued and to any rights stated in the articles of the
company with regard to pre-emptive right in relation to the shares.
(3) Subject to this Act, the issue price of a share in a company
shall be determined by the directors of the company.
(4) In the exercise of their power under subsection (3), the
directors of a company shall not determine an issue price in respect of
any share that is less than the minimum issue price stated in the articles
of the company for the share, or the class of shares to which it belongs,
unless they are authorised to do so by a resolution passed in general
meeting of the company and they determine the issue price in
accordance with that resolution.
(5) Where, by an arrangement made before its incorporation, any
shares of a company are to be paid for by a consideration other than
cash, the articles of the company shall state the nature of the
consideration, the value of the consideration or its value in money terms,
and the extent to which the shares to be issued in respect of it will be
credited as paid up.
(6) Subject to subsection (7), in such a case as is referred to in
subsection (5), a report of a qualified accountant, valuer or surveyor to
the effect that the consideration is worth at least the amount to be
credited as paid up on the shares to be issued in respect of it shall be
lodged with the Registrar when the articles of the company are so
lodged.
(7) Subsection (6) shall not apply when the consideration in
question consists of services.
Issue of
shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
43 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(8) No arrangement of a kind referred to in subsection (5) shall
be implemented where the effect of implementing it would be to require
the issue of any share in the company concerned at an issue price that
is less than the minimum price stated in the articles of the company for
the share or the class of shares to which it belongs.
(9) No company shall issue bearer shares or bearer share
certificates.
29. (1) A share may not be issued until it is fully paid
(a) in money; or
(b) in property or past service.
Subject to this section and section 28, where the issue price of
shares by a company to be paid for in cash is not fully paid such issue
price shall be paid to the company within one year after they are allotted
and may be paid by instalments if the company so agrees.
(2) If a shareholder fails to pay to a company an instalment of the
issue price in respect of shares held by him within one month after the
instalment becomes due, the company may serve a written notice on him
stating
(a) the amount due in respect of the shares;
(b) the date on which it became due; and
(c) that unless the amount is paid within one month after the
notice is served, the shares shall be forfeited, but without
prejudice to the recovery after the forfeiture of any unpaid
instalments,
and if the amount is not so paid
(d) the allotment of the shares shall become void and the
shares shall be forfeited to the company;
(e) the company may recover any instalments of the issue
price which are due but unpaid at the date the allotment is
avoided; and
Consideration.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(f) the company shall not be accountable to the shareholder
for instalments of the issue price which have been paid when
the allotment of the shares is avoided.
(3) Nothing in subsections (1) and (2) shall affect the liability of
a shareholder under section 349.
(4) No allotment by a company of shares for a consideration
other than cash shall be made unless
(a) the directors of the company have passed a resolution
that the allotment be made;
(b) the resolution states the nature of the consideration, its
value and the extent to which the shares to be issued in
respect of it will be credited as paid up by virtue of it; and
(c) the resolution has bean approved by an ordinary
resolution passed by a general meeting of the company.
(5) Before passing a resolution pursuant to subsection 2 (a), the
directors of the company shall
(a) where the consideration consists of services, have a
qualified accountant estimate the value to the company in
money terms of the services; or
(b) in any other case have the consideration valued by a
qualified accountant, valuer or surveyor.
(6) If shares are issued for a consideration other than cash, the
shares shall not be allotted until
(a) any services constituting the consideration have been
performed; or
(b) any assets constituting the consideration have been
transferred to the company.
(7) For the purposes of this section property shall not include
a promissory note or a promise to pay.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
45 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
30. (1) The stated capital of a company shall consist of the following
items, namely
(a) with respect to every issue of shares of any class
(i) the total proceeds where the issue is for cash, without
any deductions for expenses or commissions; and
(ii) the value of the consideration received where the
issue is for a consideration other than cash; and
(b) the total of any amount referred to in subsection (2).
(2) A company may, by special resolution resolve to transfer any
amount to stated capital from any surplus of the company.
31. (1) A company must maintain a separate stated capital account
for each class and series of shares that it issues.
(2) A company must add to the appropriate stated capital
account the full amount of the consideration that it receives for any
shares that it issues.
(3) A company may not reduce its stated capital or any stated
capital account except in the manner provided by this Act.
(4) A company must not, in respect of a share that it issues, add
to a stated capital account an amount greater than the amount of the
consideration that it receives for the share.
(5) When a company proposes to add an amount to a stated
capital account that it maintains in respect of a class or series of shares,
that addition to the stated capital account must be approved by special
resolution if
(a) the amount to be added was not received by the
company as consideration for the issue of shares; and
(b) the company has issued any outstanding shares of more
than one class or series.
Meaning of
Stated
capital.
Stated capital
accounts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(6) Not withstanding section 29 and subsection (2)
(a) when, in exchange for property, a company issues
shares
(i) to a body corporate that was an affiliate of the
company immediately before the exchange; or
(ii) to a person who controlled the company immediately
before the exchange,
the company, subject to subsection (4), may, to the stated capital
accounts that are maintained for the shares of the classes or series
issued, add the amount agreed, by the company and the body corporate
or person, to be the consideration for the shares so exchanged;
(b) when a company issues shares in exchange for shares
of a body corporate that was an affiliate of the company
immediately before the exchange, the company may, subject
to subsection (4), add to the stated capital accounts that are
maintained for the shares of the classes or series issued an
amount that is not less than the amount set out, in respect of
the acquired shares of the body corporate, in the stated capital
or equivalent accounts of the body corporate immediately
before the exchange; or
(c) when a company issues shares in exchange for shares
of a body corporate that becomes, because of the exchange,
an affiliate of the company, the company may, subject to
subsection (4), add to the stated capital accounts that are
maintained for the classes, or series issued an amount that is
not less than the amount set out, in respect of the acquired
shares of the body corporate, in the stated capital or
equivalent accounts of the body corporate immediately
before the exchange.
(7) When a former-Act company is continued under this Act
(a) then, not withstanding subsection (2), it shall not be
required to add to a stated capital account any consideration
received by it before it was so continued, unless the share in
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
47 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
respect of which the consideration is received is issued after
the company is continued under this Act;
(b) an amount unpaid in respect of a share issued by the
former-Act company before it was so continued must be
added to the stated capital account that is maintained for the
shares of that class or series; and
(c) its stated capital account for the purposes of
(i) section 38(2);
(ii) section 43; and
(iii) section 54(2) (a) (ii), shall include the amount that
would have been included in stated capital if the company
had been incorporated under this Act.
32. (1) The articles of a company may authorise the issue of any
class of shares in one or more series and may authorise the directors to
fix the number of shares in and to determine the designation, rights,
privileges, restrictions and conditions, attaching to the shares of each
series, subject to the limitations set out in the articles.
(2) If any cumulative dividends or amounts, payable on return of
capital in respect of a series of shares are not paid in full, the shares of
all series of the same class shall participate rateably in respect of
accumulated dividends and return of capital.
(3) No rights, privileges, restrictions or conditions attached to a
series of shares authorised under this section may confer upon the series
a priority in respect of dividends or return of capital over any other series
of shares of the same class that are then outstanding.
(4) Before the issues of shares of a series authorised under this
section, the directors must send to the Registrar articles of amendment
in the prescribed form to designate a series of shares.
(5) Upon receipt from a company of articles of amendment
designating a series of shares, the Registrar must issue to the company
a certificate of amendment in accordance with section 479.
Series Share.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(6) The articles of a company shall be amended accordingly on
the date shown in the certificate of amendment issued under subsection
(5)
33. (1) If the articles so provide, no shares of a class of shares may
be issued unless the shares have first been offered to the shareholders
of the company holding shares of that class, and those shareholders have
a pre-emptive right to acquire the offered shares in proportion to their
holdings of the shares of that class, at such price and on such terms as
those shares are to be offered to others.
(2) Notwithstanding that the articles of a company provide the
pre-emptive right referred to in subsection (1), the shareholders of the
company have no pre-emptive right in respect of shares to be issued by
the company
(a) for a consideration other than money;
(b) as a share dividend; or
(c) pursuant to the exercise of conversion privileges, options
or rights previously granted by the company.
34. (1) A company may grant conversion privileges, options or rights
to acquire shares of the company but must set out the conditions thereof
in any certificates or other instruments issued in respect thereof.
(2) Conversion privileges, options and rights to acquire shares of
a company may be made transferable, or non-transferable, and options
and rights to acquire shares may be made separable or inseparable from
any debentures or shares to which they are attached.
35. Where a company
(a) has granted privileges to convert any debentures or
shares issued by the company into shares or into shares of
another class or series of shares; or
(b) has issued or granted options or rights to acquire shares,
if the articles of the company limit the number of authorised
shares, the company must reserve and continue to reserve
Pre-emptive
rights.
Conversion
privileges.
Reserve
shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
49 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
sufficient authorised shares to meet the exercise of those
conversion privileges, options and rights.
36. (1) This section shall apply in relation to a public company which
at any time has offered shares in the company to the public.
(2) Any company in relation to which this section applies may by
notice in writing require any member of the company, within such
reasonable time as is specified in the notice
(a) to indicate in writing he holds any relevant shares in the
company; and
(b) if he holds them otherwise than as beneficial owner, to
indicate in writing so far as it lies within his knowledge the
persons who have an interest in them (either by name and
address or by other particulars sufficient to enable those
persons to be identified) and the nature of their interests.
(3) Where a company is informed in pursuance of a notice given
to any person under subsection (2) or under this subsection that any other
person has an interest in any relevant shares in the company, the
company may, by notice in writing, require that other person within such
reasonable time as is specified in the notice
(a) to indicate in writing the capacity in which he holds that
interest; and
(b) if he holds it otherwise than as beneficial owner, to
indicate in writing, so far as it lies within his knowledge, the
persons who have an interest in them (either by name and
address or by other particulars sufficient to enable them to be
identified) and the nature of their interest.
(4) Any company in relation to which this section applies may, by
notice in writing, require any member of the company to indicate in
writing, within such reasonable time as is specified in the notice, whether
any of the voting rights carried by any relevant shares in the company
held by him are the subject of an agreement or arrangement under which
Power of
company to
require
disclosure of
beneficial
interests in its
voting shares.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
another person is entitled to control his exercise of those rights and, if
so,to give so far as it lies within his knowledge written particulars of the
agreement or arrangement and the parties to it.
(5) Where a company is informed in pursuance of a notice given
to any person under subsection (4) or under this subsection that any other
person is a party to any such agreement or arrangement as is mentioned
in that subsection, the company may, by notice in writing, require that
other person within such reasonable time as is specified in the notice to
give so far as it lies within his knowledge written particulars of the
agreement or arrangement and the parties to it.
(6) Whenever a company receives information from a person in
pursuance of a requirement imposed on him under this section with
respect to shares held by a member of the company, it shall be under an
obligation to inscribe against the name of the member in the register of
members
(a) the fact that the requirement was imposed and the date
on which it was imposed; and
(b) the information received in pursuance of the
requirement.
(7) Subject to subsection (8), any person who
(a) fails to comply with a notice under this section; or
(b) in purported compliance with such a notice makes any
statement which he knows to be false in a material particular
or recklessly makes any statement which is false in a material
particular, shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
summary conviction to a fine of nine thousand dollars.
(8) A person shall not be guilty of an offence under subsection (7)
(a) if he proves that the information in question was already in the
possession of the company or that the requirement to give it was for any
other reason frivolous or vexatious.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
51 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(9) In this section, relevant shares in relation to a company,
means shares which in all circumstances carry rights to vote at a general
meeting of the company.
37. (1) A company may, in the capacity of a personal representative,
hold shares in itself or in its holding company unless it, or the holding
company, or a subsidiary of either of them, has a beneficial interest in
the shares.
(2) A company may hold shares in itself or its holding company
by way of security for the purposes of a transaction entered into by it in
the ordinary course of a business that includes the lending of money.
(3) A company which holds shares in another company may
continue to hold the shares if it becomes a subsidiary of that other
company.
(4) A company holding shares in itself or in its holding company
shall not vote on or permit the shares to be voted on unless the company
holds the shares in the capacity of a personal representative.
(5) A holding company shall not, pursuant to section 50 (6), issue
shares to a subsidiary of the holding company unless the subsidiary is,
and was before becoming such a subsidiary, a member of the holding
company.
(6) A holding company shall not sell on behalf of a subsidiary any
shares which would have been issued to the subsidiary if subsection (5)
did not prohibit their being so issued.
38. (1) Subject to subsections (2), (3) and to its articles, a company
may purchase or otherwise acquire shares issued by it.
(2) A company shall not make any payment to purchase or
otherwise acquire shares issued by it unless a statutory declaration is
made by the directors of the company in accordance with this Act and
filed with the Registrar to the effect that there are no reasonable grounds
for believing that
Company
holding shares
in capacity as
personal
representative,
etc.
Acquisition of
own shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) the company is, or would after the payment be, unable
to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(b) the realisable value of the companys assets would, after
the payment, be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and
stated capital of all classes.
(3) A company may not under this section purchase its shares if
as a result of the purchase there would no longer be any member of the
company holding shares other than redeemable shares.
39. (1) Notwithstanding section 44(2), but subject to subsection (3)
and to its articles, a company may purchase or otherwise acquire its own
issued shares
(a) to settle or compromise a debt or claim asserted by or
against the company;
(b) to eliminate fractional shares; or
(c) to fulfil the terms of a non-assignable agreement under
which the company has an option or is obliged to purchase
shares owned by a director, an officer or an employee of the
company.
(2) Notwithstanding section 38(2) a company may purchase or
otherwise acquire its own issued shares
(a) to satisfy the claim of a shareholder who dissents under
paragraph 14 of Part IV of the Fourth Schedule; or
(b) to comply with an order under section 224.
acquire under subsection (1) shares issued by it unless a statutory
declaration is made by the directors of the company in accordance with
this Act and filed with the Registrar to the effect that there are no
reasonable grounds for believing that
(a) the company is, or would after the payment be unable to
pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(b) the realizable value of the companys assets would after
the payment be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and the
Other
acquisition.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
53 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
amount required for payment on a redemption or in a
liquidation of all shares the holders of which have the right to
be paid before the holders of the shares to be purchased or
acquired.
40. (1) Notwithstanding section 38(2) or section 39(3), but subject to
this section and to its articles, a company may, at prices not exceeding
the redemption price thereof stated in its articles or calculated according
to a formula stated in its articles, purchase or redeem any redeemable
shares issued by it.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in the articles of incorporation of a
company
(a) no shares issued as provided in subsection (1) shall be
redeemed except out of profits or revenue reserves of the
company which would otherwise be available for the
payment of dividends, or out of the proceeds of a fresh issue
of shares made for the purpose of the redemption;
(b) the minimum premium (if any) payable on redemption
shall be provided out of profits or revenue reserves of the
company which would otherwise be available for the
payment of dividends before the shares are redeemed.
redeem any redeemable shares issued by it unless a statutory
declaration is made by the directors of the company in accordance with
this Act and filed with the Registrar to the effect that there are no
(a) the company is, or would after that payment be, unable
to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(b) the realisable value of the companys assets would, after
that payment, be less than the aggregate of
(i) its liabilities; and
Redeemable
shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(ii) the amount that would be required to pay the holders
of shares that have a right to be paid, on a redemption or in
a liquidation, rateably with or before the holders of the
shares to be purchased or redeemed.
41. Repealed by Act 14 of 1992.
42. Repealed by Act 14 of 1992.
43. (1) Subject to subsection (3), a company may by special
resolution reduce its stated capital by
(a) extinguishing or reducing a liability in respect of an
amount unpaid on any share;
(b) returning to its shareholders any of its assets which are
in excess of the wants of the ocmpany; and
(c) declaring its stated capital to be reduced by an amount
that is not represented by realisable assets.
(2) A special resolution under this section shall specify the stated
capital account or accounts from which the reduction of stated capital
effected by the special resolution will be deducted.
(3) A company shall not reduce its stated capital under paragraph
(a) or (b) of subsection (1) unless a statutory declaration is made by the
directors of the company in accordance with this Act to the effect that
there are no reasonable grounds for believing that
(a) the company shall or would, after that reduction, be
unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(b) the realisable value of the companys assets would
thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities.
Donated
shares.
Voting
thereon.
Stated capital
reduction.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
55 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) A company that reduces its stated capital under this section
must not later than thirty days after the date of the passing of the
resolution, serve notice of the resolution on all persons who on the date
of the passing of the resolution were creditors of the company.
(5) A creditor may apply to the court for an order compelling a
shareholder or other recipient
(a) to pay to the company an amount equal to any liability of
the shareholder that was extinguished or reduced contrary to
this section; or
(b) to pay or deliver to the company any money or property
that was paid or distributed to the shareholder or other
recipient as a consequence of a reduction of capital made
contrary to this section.
(6) An action to enforce a liability imposed by this section may not
be commenced after two years from the date of the act complained of.
(7) This section shall not affect any liability that arises under
section 84 or 85.
44. (1) Upon a purchase, redemption or other acquisition by a
company under sections 38, 39, 40, 58, 224(5) (f) or paragraph 14 of Part
IV of the Fourth Schedule of shares or fractions thereof issued by it, the
company must deduct, from the stated capital account maintained for
the class or series of shares purchased, redeemed or otherwise
acquired, an amount equal to the result obtained by multiplying the stated
capital of the shares or series or fractions thereof purchased, redeemed
or otherwise acquired, divided by the number of issued shares of that
class or series immediately before the purchase, redemption or other
acquisition.
(2) A company must deduct the amount of a payment made by
the company to a shareholder under section 224(5) (g) from the stated
capital account maintained for the class or series of shares in respect of
which the payment was made.
Stated capital
adjustment.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) A company must adjust its stated capital accounts in
accordance with any special resolution referred to in section 43(2).
(4) Upon a conversion of issued shares of a class into shares of
another class or upon a change under section 224 or paragraph 1 of Part
I of the Fourth Schedule of issued shares of a company into shares of
another class or series, the company must
(a) deduct, from the stated capital account maintained for
the class or series of shares changed or converted, an amount
equal to the result obtained by multiplying the stated capital of
the shares of that class or series by the number of shares of
that class or series changed or converted, divided by the
number of issued shares of that class or series immediately
before the change or conversion; and
(b) add the result obtained under paragraph (a), and any
additional consideration received by the company pursuant to
the change, to the stated capital account maintained or to be
maintained for the class or series of shares into which the
shares have been changed or converted.
(5) For the purposes of subsection (4), when a company issues
two classes of shares and there is attached to each of the classes a right
to convert a share of the one class into a share of the other class, then,
if a share of one class is converted into a share of the other class, the
amount of stated capital attributable to a share in either class is the
aggregate of the stated capital of both classes divided by the number of
issued shares of both classes immediately before the conversion.
45. Shares or fractions of shares issued by a company and
purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired by the company must be
cancelled or, if the articles of the company limit the number of authorised
shares, the shares or fractions may be restored to the status of
authorised but unissued shares.
46. For the purposes of sections 44 and 45, a company holding shares
in itself as permitted by section 37 shall be deemed not to have
purchased, redeemed or otherwise acquired those shares.
Cancellation of
shares.
Fourth
Schedule.
Presumption
re own shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
57 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
47. (1) Shares issued by a company and converted or changed under
section 224 or paragraph 1 of Part I of the Fourth Schedule into shares
of another class or series become issued shares of the class or series of
shares into which the shares have been converted or changed.
(2) Where its articles limit the number of authorised shares of a
class or series of shares of a company and issued shares of that class
or series have become, pursuant to subsection (1), issued shares of
another class or series, the number of unissued shares of the first-
mentioned class or series must, unless the articles of amendment or
reorganisation otherwise provide, be increased by the number of shares
that, pursuant to subsection (1), became shares of another class or
series.
48. (1) A contract with a company providing for the purchase of
shares of the company shall be specifically enforceable against the
company except to the extent that the company cannot perform the
contract without thereby being in breach of section 38 or 39.
(2) In any action brought on a contract referred to in subsection
(1), the company shall have the burden of proving that performance of
the contract is prevented by section 38 or 39.
(3) Until the company has fully performed a contract referred to
in subsection (1), the other party retains the status of a claimant who shall
be entitled
(a) to be paid as soon as the company is lawfully able to do
so; or
(b) to be ranked in a liquidation subordinate to the rights of
creditors but in priority to the shareholders.
49. (1) The directors of a company acting honestly and in good faith
with a view to the best interest of the company may, subject to
subsection (2), authorise the company to pay a commission to any person
in consideration of his purchasing or agreeing to purchase shares of the
company from the company or from any other person, or procuring or
agreeing to procure purchasers for any such shares.
Changing share
class.
Effect of
purchase
contract.
Payment of
commission.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) No commission shall be paid by a company
(a) unless a payment of that kind is authorised by the articles
of incorporation of the company;
(b) of any amount that exceeds ten per cent of the price at
which the shares are issued or the amount or rate authorised
by the articles of incorporation, whichever is the less;
(c) unless the amount or rate of the commission is
(i) in the case of shares offered to the public for
subscription, disclosed in the prospectus; and
(ii) in the case of shares not so offered, disclosed in the
statement in lieu of prospectus and, where a circular or
notice (not being a prospectus) inviting subscription for the
shares is issued, also disclosed in that circular or notice; and
(d) the number of shares which persons have agreed for a
commission to subscribe absolutely is disclosed in the manner
required by paragraph (c).
(3) Where a company has paid any sum by way of commission
in respect of any shares in the company, the amount so paid or so much
thereof as has not been written off, shall be stated in every balance sheet
of the company until the whole amount thereof has been written off.
50. (1) Subject to this section, a company may, in general meeting,
declare dividends in respect of any year or other period.
(2) Where the recommendation of the directors of a company
with respect to the declaration of a dividend is rejected or varied by the
company in general meeting, a statement to that effect shall be included
in the relevant directors annual report and in the relevant annual return.
(3) No dividend shall be payable to the shareholders of a
company except out of profits.
Payment of
dividend.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
59 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) Any resolution of a company lawfully declaring a dividend
may, upon the recommendation of the directors, direct payment wholly
or partly by the distribution of fully paid, but not partly paid shares in
another company.
(5) A company shall not declare or pay a dividend if there are
(a) the company is, or would be after the payment, unable
to pay its liabilities as they became due; or
thereby be less than the aggregate of its liabilities and stated
capital.
(6) Where a company has passed a special resolution of a kind
referred to in section 30 (2), the company may on the recommendation
of the directors, by the same or any subsequent special resolution,
resolve that unissued shares in the company be issued credited as fully
paid to the members of the company who would have been entitled to
receive the sum had it been lawfully distributed by way of dividend and
in the same proportions and so that the sum so transferred to stated
capital shall be deemed to be paid, otherwise than in cash, on those
shares.
51. (1) No company shall be required to eliminate past revenue
losses before dividends from profit of subsequent years are paid.
(2) A company shall not be required to make good either realised
or unrealised capital losses before a distribution of dividends.
52. (1) An unrealised capital surplus arising on the revaluation of
unrealised fixed assets shall not be treated as a profit for the purpose of
the declaration or payment of a dividend.
(2) A company may, by special resolution upon the
recommendation of the directors
(a) apply an unrealised capital surplus (established as
provided in subsection (3) in excess of the previous book
No elimination
of past
revenue losses
before
payment of
dividend.
Other
provisions
with respect to
profits.
LAWS OF GUYANA
value of its assets for the purpose of issuing shares by way of
bonus; or
(b) re-organise its balance sheet by applying a surplus
referred to in paragraph (a) in writing off past losses (both
capital and revenue) provided that all reserves (other than
capital redemption reserves) have previously been
exhausted.
(3) An unrealised capital surplus shall be treated as established
for the purposes of this section only
(a) if the fixed assets in question have been revalued by an
independent valuer; and
(b) if any capital surplus thereby arising has been certified
by an independent accountant.
(4) A person shall not be an independent valuer or accountant for
the purposes of this section if he is an officer of the company whose
assets are revalued or of any company which belongs, or belonged when
the assets were revalued, to the same group of companies as the
company, or is an employee or partner of any such officer.
(5) Where a particular company becomes the subsidiary of
another company, any dividend paid to the other company out of profits
of the particular company, acquired before it became a subsidiary of the
other company, shall be treated as capital, and not as profits of the other
company.
53. Where a company acquires all or enough of the shares of another
company to control all of the other companys activities, the pre-
acquisition profits of the acquired company shall be treated as capital of
the acquiring company.
54. (1) Subject to this section, a company or any company with which
it is affiliated, shall not directly or indirectly, give financial assistance by
means of a loan, guarantee or the provision of security or otherwise for
the purpose of, or in connection with, a purchase or subscription made
or to be made by any person of or for any shares in the first-mentioned
company.
Pre-acquisition
profits.
Financial
assistance to
acquire shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
61 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), a company may give
financial assistance by means of a loan, guarantee or the provision of
security or otherwise for the purpose referred to in that subsection
(a) where the transaction has been approved by a special
resolution of the company and a statutory declaration is made
by the directors of the company in accordance with this Act
to the effect that there are no reasonable grounds for
believing that
(i) the company is, or would after giving the financial
assistance be, unable to pay its liabilities as they become
due; or
(ii) the realisable value of the companys assets,
excluding the amount of any financial assistance in the form
of a loan and in the form of assets pledged or encumbered
to secure a guarantee, would, after giving the financial
assistance be less than the aggregate of the companys
liabilities and stated capital;
(b) in the ordinary course of business, if the lending of
money is part of the companys ordinary business;
(c) to employees (other than an employee who is also a
director) of the company or any company with which it is
affiliated
(i) in accordance with a plan for the purchase of shares
in the company or any company with which it is affiliated to
be held by a trustee; or
(ii) to enable them to purchase shares in the company or
in any company with which it is affiliated to be held by them
by way of beneficial ownership.
(3) Unless it is unanimous, a special resolution of a kind referred
to in subsection 2(a)
(a) shall not take effect before the expiration of the period
of twenty-eight days after it was passed; and
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) if during that period an application is made under
Division L of Part II to the court with respect to the
resolution

(i) it shall not take effect until the application is
determined; and
(ii) it shall take effect then only if, having regard to any
order made on the determination, it may take effect.
(4) Subject to subsection (5), where a person, or two or more
persons, acting jointly or in concert, gain control of a particular company,
and within one year after the person or persons so gained control, the
particular company or its subsidiary, purchases any assets
(a) from that person, any company controlled by that person
or any group of companies affiliated with the same group of
companies as that person; or
(b) from those persons, or any of them, or from
(i) any company controlled by them or any of them; or
(ii) any group of companies affiliated with the same
group of companies as any of them,
it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that that person or those
persons were given financial assistance, contrary to this section, by the
particular company for the purpose of, or in connection with, a purchase
of or a subscription for, shares in the particular company.
(5) Subsection (4) shall not apply to a purchase of assets, in the
circumstances referred to in that subsection, by a particular company
where it is proved, by the person wishing to establish that that subsection
shall not apply that the purchase can, in all the circumstances, properly
be regarded as a purchase made in the ordinary course of carrying on
the business of the particular company.
(6) For the purposes of subsection (4), a particular company shall
be controlled
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
63 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) by a person if shares in the particular company carrying
voting rights sufficient to elect a majority of the directors of
a particular company are held, directly or indirectly, other than
by way of security, by or on behalf of that person; or
(b) by two or more persons
(i) if the particular company is affiliated with the same
group of companies as those persons; or
(ii) if shares in the particular company sufficient to elect
a majority of the directors in the particular company, are
held, directly or indirectly, other than by way of security, or
by or on behalf of those persons
(a) jointly;
(b) separately; or
(c) jointly in the case of some shares and separately in the
case of other shares.
55. (1) Subject to this section, no company shall whether directly or
indirectly, and whether by means of a loan guarantee or the provision of
security or otherwise give financial assistance
(a) to any officer of the company or of any company in the
same group of companies as the company;
(b) to any company in which any director, or any of the
directors collectively, hold, personally or by way of nominee,
shares which entitle the director or, as the case may be, the
directors to exercise at least fifty-one per cent of the
unrestricted voting rights at any general meeting of that
company;
(c) to any subsidiary of a company such as is referred to in
paragraph (b); or
(d) to an officer of a company or subsidiary such as is
referred to in paragraph (b) or (c).
(2) Nothing in subsection (1) shall be taken as prohibiting
Prohibition of
loans to
directors of
public
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) where section 54 applies, the giving of financial
assistance to purchase or subscribe for shares when
authorised to do so by that section;
(b) where lending money is part of the ordinary business of
a company, the lending of money by the company in the
ordinary course of its business;
(c) anything done to provide any person with funds to meet
expenditure incurred or to be incurred by him for the purposes
of the company so providing those funds; or
(d) the giving of financial assistance to employees of a
company (other than directors) to enable or assist them to
purchase or erect living accommodation for their own
occupation.
(3) The prohibition in subsection (1) against giving financial
assistance to an officer of a company shall extend to giving any such
financial assistance to the family of an officer and, for that purpose
(a) the family of an officer includes the wife or husband (or
reputed wife or husband), the parents and any children
(whether born in wedlock or out of wedlock), of the officer;
and
(b) this section (with the necessary modifications) shall
apply accordingly.
(4) Nothing in this section shall operate to prevent a company
from recovering the amount of any financial assistance given contrary
to this section.
56. (1) A company shall not, in connection with the transfer of the
whole or any part of the undertaking or property of the company, make
any payment to a director or former director of the company by way of
compensation for loss of his office, or of any office in connection with
the management of the companys affairs, or of any office in connection
with the management of any subsidiary of the company, or as
consideration for or in connection with his retirement from any such
office, unless particulars with respect to the proposed payment
Compensation
for loss of
office by a
director on
transfer of
companys
undertaking.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
65 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(including the amount thereof) have been disclosed to the shareholders
of the company and the proposal has been approved by the company by
an ordinary resolution passed in a general meeting.
(2) Where a payment which is prohibited by this section is made
to a director or former director of a company, the amount received shall
be deemed to have been received by the director or former director in
trust for the company and may be recovered by it from the director as
a debt immediately due and payable.
(3) Particulars of a proposed payment to a director or former
director within this section shall be sufficiently disclosed to shareholders
of the company if the particulars are included in or accompany the notice
calling the general meeting and any advertisement of the meeting
published by the company.
57. The shareholders of a company shall not as shareholders, be
liable for any liability, act or default of the company except under section
43(5).
58. (1) Subject to this Act, the articles of a company may provide that
the company shall have a lien on a share registered in the name of a
shareholder or his legal representative for a debt of that shareholder to
the company including an amount unpaid in respect of a share issued by
a company on the date it was continued under this Act.
(2) A company may enforce a lien referred to in subsection (1)
in accordance with its by-laws.
DIVISION D
MANAGEMENT OF COMPANIES
The Directors
59. (1) The directors of a company must
(a) exercise the powers of the company directly or
indirectly through the employees and agents of the company;
and
Immunity of
shareholders.
Lien on shares.
Duty to
manage
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) direct the management of the business and affairs of the
company.
(2) The directors of a public company must take all reasonable
steps to ensure that the secretary or each joint secretary of the company
is a person who appears to the directors to have the requisite knowledge
and experience to discharge the functions of a secretary of a public
company.
(3) For the purposes, of this section, a person
(a) who, on the commencement of this Act, held the office
of secretary, assistant secretary, or deputy secretary of a
public company;
(b) who, for at least three years of the five years
immediately preceding his appointment as secretary, held the
office of secretary of a public company;
(c) who is a member in good standing of the Institute of
Chartered Accountants of Guyana, Chartered Institute of
Secretaries and Administrators, or the Chartered Institute of
Public Finance and Accountancy;
(d) who is an attorney-at-law; or
(e) who, by virtue of his holding or having held any other
position or having been a member of any other body, appears
to be capable of discharging the functions of a secretary of a
public company,
may be assumed by a director of a public company to have the requisite
knowledge and experience to discharge the functions of a secretary of
the public company, if the director does not know otherwise.
60. A company must have at least one director, but a public company
must have a minimum of two directors.
61. If the powers of the directors of a company to manage the
business and affairs of the company are in whole or in part restricted by
the articles of the company, the directors shall have all the rights, powers
Number of
directors.
Restricted
powers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
67 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
and duties of the directors to the extent that the articles do not restrict
those powers, but the directors shall thereby be relieved of their duties
and liabilities to the extent that the articles restrict their powers.
62. (1) Unless the articles or by-laws otherwise provide, the
directors of a company may by resolution make, amend, or repeal any
by-laws for the regulation of the business or affairs of the company.
(2) The directors of a company must submit a by-law, or any
amendment or repeal of a by-law, made under subsection (1) to the
shareholders of the company at the next meeting of shareholders after
the making, amendment or repeal of the by-law, and the shareholders
may, by ordinary resolution, confirm, amend or reject the by-law,
amendment or repeal.
(3) A by-law, or any amendment or repeal of a by-law, shall be
effective from the date of the resolution of the directors making,
amending or repealing the by-law until
(a) the by-law, amendment or repeal is confirmed, amended
or rejected by the shareholders pursuant to subsection (2); or
(b) the by-law, amendment or repeal ceases to be effective
pursuant to subsection (4),
and, if the by-law, amendment or repeal is confirmed or amended by the
shareholders, it shall continue in effect in the form in which it was
confirmed or amended.
(4) When a by-law, or an amendment or repeal of a by-law is not
submitted to the shareholders as required by subsection (2) or is rejected
by the shareholders, the by-law, amendment or repeal shall cease to be
effective, and no subsequent resolution of the directors to make, amend
or repeal a by-law having substantially the same purpose or effect shall
be effective until the resolution is confirmed, with or without
amendment, by the shareholders.
(5) A shareholder who is entitled to vote at an annual meeting of
shareholders may, in accordance with sections 114 to 122, make a
proposal to make, amend or repeal a by-law.
By-law
powers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(6) A company may adopt all or any of the by-laws contained in
the Third Schedule.
(7) Parts II and III of the Fourth Schedule shall apply with
respect to the amendment and cancellation of amendment of by-laws of
a company respectively.
63. (1) After the issue of a certificate of incorporation of a company,
a meeting of the directors of the company must be held at which the
directors may
(a) make by-laws;
(b) adopt forms of share certificates and corporate records;
(c) authorise the issue of shares;
(d) appoint officers;
(e) appoint an auditor to hold office until the first annual
meeting of shareholders;
(f) make banking arrangements; and
(g) transact any other business.
(2) An incorporator or a director may call the meeting of
directors referred to in subsection (1) by giving by post not less than five
days notice of the meeting to each director and stating in the notice the
time and place of the meeting.
64. (1) An individual who is prohibited by section 4(2) from forming
or joining in the formation of a company, and a person which is not an
individual shall not be a director of any company.
(2) When a person is disqualified under section 65 from being a
director of a company, that person may not, during that period of
disqualification, be a director of any company.
65. (1) When, on the application of the Registrar, it is made to appear
to the court that a person is unfit to be concerned in the management of
a public company, the court may order that, without the prior leave of the
court, he may not be a director of the company or, in any way, directly
or indirectly, be concerned with the management of the company for
such period
Organisational
meeting.
Disqualifica-
tion for
appointment
as director.
Court dis-
qualification of
directors.
Third
Schedule.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
69 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) beginning
(i) with the date of the order; or
(ii) if the person is undergoing, or is to undergo a term of
imprisonment and the court so directs, with the date on
which he completes that term of imprisonment or is
otherwise released from prison; and
(b) not exceeding five years,
as may be specified in the order.
(2) In determining whether or not to make an order under
subsection (1), the court shall have regard to all the circumstances that
it considers relevant including any previous convictions of the person in
Guyana or elsewhere for an offence involving fraud or dishonesty or in
connection with the promotion, formation or management of any body
corporate.
(3) In the case of a person who has been persistently in default
in relation to relevant requirements of this Act, only the Minister may
make an application under this section.
(4) Before making an application under this section in relation to
any person, the Registrar must give that person not less than ten days
notice of the Registrars intention to make the application.
(5) On the hearing of an application made by the Registrar or the
Minister under this section or an application for leave under this section
to be concerned with the management of a public company, the
Registrar or the Minister concerned with the application may appear and
call attention to any matters that are relevant, and may give evidence,
call witnesses and be represented by an attorney-at law.
(6) The Minister shall notify in the Gazette the making of an order
under subsection (1), but any failure to do so shall not affect the validity
of an order or its effect.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(7) Where, in relation to a person, a court in a country that is a
Member State of the Caribbean Community makes, under an enactment
relating to bodies corporate, an order of the kind referred to in subsection
( 1), then, for so long as the order has effect, section 64 shall have effect
as if the order had been made by the court under that subsection.
(8) For the purposes of subsection (3) the fact that a person has
been persistently in default in relation to relevant requirements of this
Act may be conclusively established by proving to the satisfaction of the
court that
(i) the person has failed to comply with relevant
requirements of this Act in two successive years or on three
occasions in a period of five years;
(ii) on each occasion notice of the failure has been
communicated to the registered office of the company in
question;
(iii) the person did not, consequent on the notice, rectify
the failure; and
(iv) in respect of the most recent failure to comply with
relevant requirements of this Act, the person has been
convicted of an offence for that failure.
(9) For the purposes of this section
(a) the fact that a court in a country that is a Member State
of the Caribbean Community has made an order may, without
prejudice to its proof in any other way, be proved by the
production of a copy of the Official Gazette of that country;
and
(b) the fact that that order is an order of a kind referred to
in subsection (1) may, without prejudice to its proof in any
other way, be proved by a person having knowledge of the
laws of that country and of the State so deposing.
66. (1) Unless a companys by-laws otherwise provide, a director of
the company need not be a member of the company or hold any shares
in the company.
Directors
share qualifica-
tion.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
71 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Every director who is by the by-laws required to hold a
specified share qualification and who is not already qualified shall obtain
his qualification within two months after his appointment or such shorter
period as is fixed by the by-laws.
(3) Unless otherwise provided by the by-laws of a company the
qualification of any director of the company shall be held by him solely
and not as one of several joint holders.
(4) A director shall vacate his office if he has not within the period
referred to in subsection (2) obtained his qualification or if after so
obtaining it he ceases at any time to hold his qualification.
(5) A person vacating his office under subsection (4) shall be
incapable of being re-appointed as director until he has obtained his
qualification.
67. (1) There shall be delivered to the Registrar as part of the
application with respect to the formation of a company a statement in the
prescribed form containing the names and relevant particulars of
(a) the persons who are to be the first directors or, as the
case may be, the person who is to be the first director of the
company; and
(b) with respect to a person named as secretary or as one
of the joint secretaries, the particulars which by section
189(6) are required to be contained in that register with
respect to the secretary or, as the case may be, to each
secretary.
(2) The statement required to be delivered by this section shall be
signed by or on behalf of the subscribers of the articles of incorporation
and shall contain a consent signed by the person, or each of the persons,
named in it as a director, a secretary, or as one of the joint secretaries,
to act in the relevant capacity.
(3) The persons named in the statement required by this section
as the director or directors and secretary or joint secretaries of the
company shall, on the incorporation of the company, be deemed to have
Statement in
relation to first
directors and
secretary.
LAWS OF GUYANA
been respectively appointed as the first director or directors, secretary
or joint secretaries, of the company and any appointment, by the articles
of incorporation delivered to the Registrar, of a person as director or
secretary shall be void unless he is named as a director or as a secretary,
or one of the joint secretaries, in the statement.
68. (1) Subject to this section, a director of a company may be
appointed only by ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting of the
company and for a period not exceeding five years, but a director may
be re-appointed in like manner on any number of occasions for a period
not exceeding five years on each re-appointment.
(2) Subject to section 67, the articles of incorporation may make
provision with respect to the appointment of the first directors of the
company.
(3) The first directors of the company shall cease to hold office
at the termination of the first annual general meeting of the company, but
they shall be eligible for re-appointment under subsection (1) at that
meeting.
(4) Subject to section 67 and to subsection (7), any provision in
the articles of incorporation or by-laws of a company by which a director
may be appointed in any other manner than the manner provided by this
section shall be void.
(5) The articles of incorporation or by-laws of a company or any
trust deed, debentures, agreement or instrument may provide for the
appointment of one director, or two or more directors (not exceeding in
number one-third of the number of directors for the time being holding
office) by any class of shareholder or by the debenture holders of the
company or by the trustee of the covering debenture trust deed.
(6) At a general meeting of a company, a motion for the
appointment of two or more persons as directors of the company by a
single resolution shall not be made, unless a resolution that it shall be so
made has first been agreed to by the meeting without any vote being
given against it.
Appointment
of directors of
public
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
73 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(7) The articles of incorporation of a Company may provide for
the automatic re-appointment of a director at the expiration of his term
of office if no other person is appointed by a general meeting in his place,
but such as director shall not be automatically re-appointed if an ordinary
resolution is passed at a general meeting that the vacant directorship
shall not be filled, or if a resolution for the re-appointment of the director
is defeated.
69. A director of a company shall cease to hold office when
(a) he dies or resigns;
(b) he is removed in accordance with section 71;
(c) he becomes disqualified under section 64 or 65.
70. The resignation of a director of a company shall become
effective at the time his written resignation is sent to the company or at
the time specified in the resignation, whichever is later.
71. (1) The shareholders of a company may, by ordinary resolution
at an annual general meeting or at an extraordinary general meeting,
remove any director from office.
(2) Where the holders of any class or series of shares of a
company have an exclusive right to elect one or more directors, a
director so elected may only be removed by an ordinary resolution at a
meeting of the shareholders of that class or series of shares.
(3) A vacancy created by the removal of a director may be filled
at the meeting of the shareholders at which the director is removed or,
if the vacancy is not so filled, it may be filled pursuant to section 73.
72. (1) A director of a company shall be entitled to receive notice of,
and to attend and be heard at, every meeting of share holders.
(2) A director
(a) who resigns;
Termination of
office.
Resignation of
director.
Removal of
director.
Right to
notice.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) who receives a notice or otherwise learns of a meeting
of shareholders called for the purpose of removing him from
office; or
(c) who receives a notice or otherwise learns of a meeting
of directors or shareholders at which another person is to be
appointed or elected to fill the office of director, whether
because of his resignation or removal or because his term of
office has expired or is about to expire,
may submit lo the company a written statement giving the reasons for
his resignation or the reason why he opposes any proposed action or
resolution .
(3) The company shall forthwith send a copy of the statement
referred to in subsection (2) to the Registrar and to every shareholder
entitled to receive notice of any meeting referred to in subsection (1).
(4) No company or person acting on its behalf shall incur any
liability by reason only of circulating a directors statement in compliance
with subsection (3).
73. (1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), a quorum of directors of
a company may fill a vacancy among the directors of the company,
except a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number or minimum
number of directors or from a failure to elect the number or minimum
number of directors required by the articles of the company.
(2) If there is no quorum of directors, or if there has been a failure
to elect the number or minimum number of directors required by the
articles, the directors then in office must forthwith call a special meeting
of shareholders to fill the vacancy; and, if they fail to call a meeting or
if there are no directors then in office, the meeting may be called by any
shareholders.
(3) Where the holders of any class or series of shares of a
company have an exclusive right to elect one or more directors and a
vacancy occurs among those directors
Filling
vacancy.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
75 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) then, subject to subsection (4), the remaining directors
elected by that class or series may fill the vacancy except a
vacancy resulting from an increase in the number or minimum
number of directors for that class or series or from a failure
to elect the number or minimum number of directors for that
class or series; or
(b) if there are no such remaining directors, any holder of
shares of that class or series may call a meeting of the holders
thereof for the purpose of filling the vacancy.
(4) The articles of a company may provide that a vacancy among
the directors be filled only
(a) by a vote of the share holders; or
(b) by a vote of the holders of any class or series of shares
having an exclusive right to elect one or more directors, if the
vacancy occurs among the directors elected by that class or
series.
(5) A director appointed or elected to fill a vacancy holds office
for the unexpired term of his predecessor.
74. The shareholders of a company may amend the articles of the
company to increase or to decrease the number of directors, or the
minimum or maximum number of directors; but no decrease shortens the
term of an incumbent director.
75. (1) Within one month after a change is made among its directors,
a company shall send to the Registrar a notice in the prescribed form
setting out the change; and the Registrar shall file the notice.
(2) Any interested person, or the Registrar, may apply to the
court for an order to require a company to comply with subsection (1);
and the court may so order and make any further order it thinks fit.
Numbers
changed.
Notice of
change.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) A director in respect of whom an entry is required to be made
in the register shall notify the company in writing within seven day s after
the matter occasioning the requirement of the entry occurs or arises, and
shall include in the notification the particulars which the company is
required to enter in the register in respect of that matter.
76. (1) Unless the articles or by-laws of a company otherwise
provide, the directors of a company may meet at any place, and upon
such notice as the by-laws require.
(2) Subject to the articles or by-laws, a majority of the number of
directors or minimum number of directors required by the articles shall
constitute a quorum at any meeting of directors; and notwithstanding any
vacancy among the directors, a quorum of directors may exercise all the
powers of the directors.
77. (1) A notice of a meeting of the directors of a company must
specify any matter referred to in section 81(2) that is to be dealt with at
the meeting; but, unless the by-laws of the company otherwise provide,
the notice need not specify the purpose of or the business to be
transacted at the meeting.
(2) A director may, in any manner, waive a notice of a meeting
of directors; and attendance of a director at a meeting of directors shall
be a waiver of notice of the meeting by the director except when he
attends the meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the
transaction of any business on the grounds that the meeting is not
lawfully called.
78. Notice of an adjourned meeting of directors need not be given if
the time and place of the adjourned meeting is announced at the original
meeting.
79. Where a company has only one director that director may
constitute a meeting.
Directors
meetings.
Notice and
waiver.
Adjourned
meeting.
One director
board.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
77 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
80. (1) Subject to the by-laws of a company, a director may, if all the
directors of the company consent, participate in a meeting of directors
of the company or of a committee of the directors by means of such
telephone or other communication facilities as permit all persons
participating in the meeting to hear each other.
(2) A director who participates in a meeting of directors by such
means as are described in subsection (1), shall, for the purposes of this
Act, be deemed to be present at the meeting.
81. (1) Directors of a company may appoint from their number a
managing director or a committee of directors and delegate to the
managing director or committee any of the powers of the directors.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), no managing director and no
committee of directors of a company may
(a) submit to the shareholders any question or matter
requiring the approval of the shareholders;
(b) fill a vacancy among the directors or in the office of the
auditor;
(c) issue shares except in the manner and on the terms
authorised by the directors;
(d) declare dividends;
(e) purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire shares issued by
the company;
(f) pay a commission referred to in section 49;
(g) approve a management proxy circular referred to in
Division F;
(h) approve any financial statements referred to in section
153, or
(i) adopt, amend or repeal by-laws.
82. An act of a director or officer shall be valid notwithstanding any
irregularity in his election or appointment or any defect in his
qualification.
Telephone
participation.
Delegation of
powers.
Validity of
acts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
83. (1) When a resolution in writing is signed by all the directors
entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of directors or committee
of directors
(a) the resolution shall be as valid as if it had been passed at
a meeting of directors or a committee of directors; and
(b) the resolution shall satisfy all the requirements of this
Act relating to meetings of directors or committees of
directors.
(2) A copy of every resolution, referred to in subsection (1) must
be kept with the minutes of the proceedings of the directors or committee
of directors.
Liabilities of Directors
84. Directors of a company who vote for or consent to a resolution
authorising the issue of a share under section 28 for a consideration other
than money shall be jointly and severally liable to the company to make
good any amount by which the consideration received is less than the fair
equivalent of the money that the company would have received if the
share had been issued for money on the date of the resolution.
85. Directors of a company who vote for or consent to a resolution
authorising
(a) a purchase, redemption or other acquisition of shares
contrary to section 38, 39 or 40;
(b) a commission contrary to section 49;
(c) a payment of a dividend contrary to section 50;
(d) financial assistance contrary to section 54;
(e) a payment of an indemnity contrary to any of the
provisions of section 224 or paragraphs 14 to 38 of Part IV of
the Fourth Schedule,
shall be jointly and severally liable to restore to the company any amounts
so distributed or paid and not otherwise recovered by the company.
Resolution in
writing.
Liability for
share issue.
Liability for
other acts.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
79 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
86. A director who has satisfied a judgment founded on a liability
under section 84 or 85 shall be entitled to contribution from the other
directors who voted for or consented to the unlawful act upon which the
judgment was founded.
87. (1) A director who is liable under section 85 may apply to the
court for an order compelling a shareholder or other recipient to pay or
deliver to the director any money or property that was paid or distributed
to the shareholder or other recipient contrary to section 38,39,40,49,50
or 54.
(2) In connection with an application under subsection (1), the
court may, if it is satisfied that it is equitable to do so
(a) order a shareholder or other recipient to pay or deliver
to a director any money or property that was paid or
distributed to the shareholder or other recipient contrary to
any of the provisions of sections 38, 39, 40, 49, 50, 54, 99 to
103, 224 or paragraphs 14 to 38 of Part IV of the Fourth
Schedule;
(b) order a company to return or issue shares to a person
from whom the company has purchased, redeemed or other-
wise acquired shares; or
(c) make any further order it thinks fit.
88. A director of a company shall not be liable under section 84 if he
did not know and could not reasonably have known that the share was
issued for a consideration less than the fair equivalent of the money that
the company would have received if the share had been issued for
money.
89. An action to enforce a liability imposed under section 84 or 85
may not be commenced after two years from the date of the resolution
authorising the action complained of.
Contractual Interest
90. (1) A director or officer of a company
Contribution
for judgment.
Recovery by
action.
Defence to
liability.
Time limit on
liability.
Interests in
contracts.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) who is a party to a material contract or proposed material
contract with the company; or
(b) who is a director or an officer of anybody, or has a
material interest in any body, that is a party to a material
contract or proposed material contract with the company,
must disclose in writing to the company or request to have entered in the
minutes of the meetings of directors the nature and extent of his interest.
(2) The disclosure required by subsection (1) must be made, in
the case of a director of a company
(a) at the meeting at which a proposed contract is first
considered;
(b) if the director was not then interested in a proposed
contract, at the first meeting after he becomes so interested;
(c) if the director becomes interested after a contract is
made, at the first meeting after he becomes so interested; or
(d) if a person who is interested in a contract later becomes
a director of the company, at the first meeting after he
becomes a director.
(3) The disclosure required by subsection (1) must be made, in
the case of an officer of a company who is not a director
(a) forthwith after he becomes aware that the contract or
proposed contract is to be considered or has been considered
at a meeting of directors of the company;
(b) if the officer becomes interested after a contract is
made, forthwith after he becomes so interested; or
(c) if a person who is interested in a contract later becomes
an officer of the company, forthwith after he becomes an
officer.
(4) If a material contract or a proposed material contract is one
that, in the ordinary course of the companys business, would not require
approval by the directors or shareholders of the company, a director or
officer of the company must disclose in writing to the company or
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
81 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
request to have entered in the minutes of meetings of directors the nature
and extent of his interest forthwith after the director or officer becomes
aware of the contract or proposed contract.
(5) A director of a company who is referred to in subsection (1)
may vote on any resolution to approve a contract that he has an interest
in, if the contract
(a) is an arrangement by way of security for money loaned
to or obligations undertaken by him for the benefit of the
company or an affiliate of the company;
(b) is a contract that relates primarily to his remuneration as
a director, officer, employee or agent of the company or
affiliate of the company;
(c) is a contract for indemnity or insurance under sections
99 to 103;
(d) is a contract with an affiliate of the company; or
(e) is a contract other than one referred to in paragraphs (a)
to (d),
but, in the case of a contract described in paragraph (a), no resolution
shall be valid unless it is approved by not less than two-thirds of the votes
of the shareholders of the company to whom notice of the nature and
extent of the directors interest in the contract is declared and disclosed
in reasonable detail.
91. For the purposes of section 90, a general notice to the directors
of a company by a director or an officer of the company declaring that
he is a director or officer of or has a material interest in another body and
is to be regarded as interested in any contract with that body shall be a
sufficient declaration of interest in relation to any such contract.
92. A material contract between a company and one or more of its
directors or officers, or between a company and another body of which
a director or officer of the company is a director or officer or in which
he has a material interest, shall be neither void not voidable
(a) by reason only of that relationship; or
Interest
declaration.
Avoidance of
nullity.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) by reason only that a director with an interest in the
contract is present at or is counted to determine the presence
of a quorum at a meeting of directors or a committee of
directors that authorised the contract,
if the director or officer disclosed his interest in accordance with section
90(2), (3) or (4) or section 91, as the case may be, and the contract was
approved by the directors or the shareholders and was reasonable and
fair to the company at the time it was approved.
93. When a director or officer of a company fails to disclose, in
accordance with section 90 or 91, his interest in a material contract made
by the company, the court may, upon the application of the company or
a shareholder of the company set aside the contract on such terms as
the court thinks fit.
Officers of the Company
94. Subject to the articles or by-laws of a company
(a) the directors of the company may designate the offices
of the company, appoint as officers persons of full capacity,
specify their duties and delegate to them powers to manage
the business and affairs of the company, except powers to do
anything referred to in section 81(2);
(b) a director may be appointed to any office of the
company; and
(c) two or more offices of the company may be held by the
same person.
Borrowing Powers of Directors
95. (1) Unless the articles or by-laws of the company otherwise
provide, the articles of a company shall be presumed to provide that the
directors of the company may, without authorisation of the
shareholders
(a) borrow money upon the credit of the company;
Setting aside
contract.
Designation of
offices, etc.
Borrowing
powers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
83 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) issue, re-issue, sell or pledge debentures of the
company;
(c) subject to section 54, give a guarantee on behalf of the
company to secure performance of an obligation of any
person; and
(d) mortgage, charge, pledge, or otherwise create to secure
any obligation of the company a security interest in all or any
property of the company that is owned or subsequently
acquired by the company.
(2) Notwithstanding section 81(2) and section 94(a), unless the
articles or by-laws of a company otherwise provide, the directors of the
company may by resolution delegate the powers mentioned in
subsection (1) to a director, a committee of directors or an officer of the
company.
(3) For the purposes of this Act security interest means any
interest in or charge upon any property of a company, by way of
mortgage, bond, lien, pledge or other means, that is created or taken to
secure the payment of an obligation of the company.
Duty of Directors and Officers
96. (1) Every director and officer of a company in exercising his
powers and discharging his duties must
(a) act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best
interest of the company; and
(b) exercise the care, diligence and skill that a reasonably
prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances.
(2) In determining what are the best interest of a company, a
director must have regard to the interests of the companys employees
in general as well as to the interests of its shareholders.
(3) The duty imposed by subsection (2) on the directors of a
company is owed by them to the company alone; and the duty shall be
enforceable in the same way as any other fiduciary duty owed to a
company by its directors.
Duty of care.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) Every director and officer of a company must comply with
this Act and the regulations and with the articles and by-laws of the
company.
(5) No provision in a contract, the articles of a company, its by-
laws or any resolution, shall relieve a director or officer of the company
from the duty to act in accordance with this Act or the regulations, or
shall relieve him from liability for a breach of this Act or the regulations.
97. The resignation of a director of a company shall not itself release
him from his duties as an officer of the company unless, in all the
circumstances of the case, it is reasonable for him to assume that, having
notified the company of his resignation, the company will lodge with the
Registrar the appropriate notice of change under section 75.
98. (1) A director who is present at a meeting of the directors or of
a committee of directors consents to any resolution passed or action
taken at that meeting, unless
(a) he requests that his dissent be or his dissent is entered in
the minutes of the meeting;
(b) he sends his written dissent to the secretary of the
meeting before the meeting is adjourned; or
(c) he sends his dissent by registered post or delivers it to the
registered office of the company immediately after the
meeting is adjourned.
(2) A director who votes for or consents to a resolution may not
dissent under subsection (1).
(3) A director who was not present at a meeting at which a
resolution was passed or action taken shall be presumed to have
consented thereto unless, within seven days after he becomes aware of
the resolution, he
(a) causes his dissent to be placed with the minutes of the
meeting; or
(b) sends his dissent by registered post or delivers it to the
registered office of the company.
Limitation on
exemption of
director from
liability.
Dissenting
from resolu-
tion.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
85 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) A director shall not be liable under section 84, 85 or 96 if he
relies in good faith upon
(a) financial statements of the company represented to him
by an officer of the company; or
(b) a report of an attorney-at-law, accountant, engineer,
appraiser or other person whose profession lends credibility
to a statement made by him.
Indemnities
99. (1) Except in respect of an action by or on behalf of a company
or body corporate to obtain a judgment in its favour, a company may
indemnify
(a) a director or officer of the company;
(b) a former director or officer of the company; or
(c) a person who acts or acted at the companys request as
a director or officer of a body corporate of which the
company is or was a shareholder or creditor,
and his legal representatives, against all costs, charges and expenses
(including an amount paid to settle an action or satisfy a judgment)
reasonably incurred by him in respect of any civil, criminal or
administrative action or proceeding to which he is made a party by
reason of being or having been a director or officer of that company or
body corporate.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply unless the director or officer to
be so indemnified
(a) acted honestly and in good faith with a view to the best
interests of the company; and
(b) in the case of a criminal or administrative action or
proceeding that is enforced by a monetary penalty, had
reasonable grounds for believing that his conduct was lawful.
Indemnifying
directors, etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
100. A company may with the approval of the court indemnify a
person referred to in section 99 in respect of an action
(a) by or on behalf of the company or body corporate to
obtain a judgment in its favour; and
(b) to which he is made a party by reason of being or having
been a director or an officer of the company or body
corporate,
against all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by him in
connection with the action, if he fulfils the conditions set out in section
99(2).
101. Notwithstanding anything in section 99 or 100 a person described
in section 99 shall be entitled to indemnity from the company in respect
of all costs, charges and expenses reasonably incurred by him in
connection with the defence of any civil, criminal or administrative
action or proceeding to which he is made a party by reason of being or
having been a director or officer of the company or body corporate, if
the person seeking indemnity
(a) was substantially successful on the merits in his defence
of the action or proceeding;
(b) qualified in accordance with the standards set out in
section 99 or 100; and
(c) is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity.
102. A company may purchase and maintain insurance for the benefit
of any person referred to in section 99 against any liability incurred by
him under section 96(1) (b) in his capacity as a director or officer of the
company.
103. (1) A company or person referred to in section 99 may apply to
the court for an order approving an indemnity under section 100, and the
court may so order and make any further order it thinks fit.
(2) An applicant under subsection ( 1 ) must give the Registrar
notice of the application, and the Registrar may appear and be heard in
person or by an attorney-at-law.
Indemnity of
persons for
action by or on
behalf of
Company.
Right to
indemnity.
Insurance of
directors, etc.
Court
approval of
indemnity.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
87 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) Upon an application under subsection (1), the court may order
notice to be given to any interested person, and that person may appear
and be heard in person or by an attorney-at-law.
104. (1) Subject to subsection (2), no remuneration shall be paid to a
director of a company unless the amount or rate thereof is specified in
the articles of incorporation or by-laws of the company or in a written
service agreement between the company and the director which has
been authorised or approved by a general meeting of the company.
(2) If a written service agreement between a company and a
director of the company is entered into without the authorization of a
general meeting, remuneration may be paid under the agreement to the
director for a period not exceeding six months until the remuneration is
approved by a general meeting, but if such approval is refused no
remuneration for a period prior to the refusal is recoverable by the
company.
(3) No payment shall be made by a company
(a) to an officer or former officer of the company as a
pension or retirement benefit;
(b) to an officer or former officer of the company for loss
of his office, or of any office in connection with the
management of the companys affairs, or of any office in
connection with the management of any subsidiary of the
company, or as consideration for or in connection with his
retirement from any such office;
(c) to a dependent of, or to a person nominated by, an officer
or former officer of the company by way of a pension or a
provision; or
(d) to any person in return for an undertaking to provide any
benefit within the foregoing paragraphs,
unless the payment is previously authorised by an ordinary resolution
passed at a general meeting of the company or unless the payment is
provided for by a written service agreement between the company and
Directors
remuneration.
LAWS OF GUYANA
the officer or former officer and the term relating to the payment has
been approved by an ordinary resolution passed at a general meeting
before, or within six months after, the agreement is entered into.
(4) No payment to which this section applies shall be made by a
company free of income tax, or otherwise calculated by reference to, or
varying with, the amount of income tax payable by any person or to or
with any specified rate of income tax, except under a contract which
was in force immediately before the commencement of this Act and
which provides expressly, and not by reference to the articles of
incorporation or by-laws of the company, for payment of any such
remuneration and, except as aforesaid, the payment to be made shall be
a gross sum subject to income tax equal to the net sum for which the
articles of incorporation or by-laws of the company or any resolution or
contract in respect of the payment, actually provides.
(5) In this section
dependant includes any person (whether related to an officer or
former officer or not) who is entitled to any benefit or advantage
under a contract, trust, scheme or arrangement to which the
company is a party by reason of the persons connection with the
officer or former officer;
income tax means any tax imposed on, and calculated by reference
to the amount of the income of, a person by the law of Guyana or
any other country;
pension includes any superannuation allowance, superannuation
gratuity or similar payment;
provision includes any payment of money to, or the conferment of any
benefit on, the recipient whether on one occasion or on two or more
successive occasions;
remuneration includes salary, fees, commission, share or percentage
of profits, expenses allowance and any other form of emolument
whether in cash or not, relating to services as a director of a
company or any of its subsidiaries.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
89 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(6) Nothing in this section shall operate to enable a company or
any other person to recover any premium paid by a company to secure
the provision of any benefit falling within paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of
subsection (3), but any sum paid or the value of any benefit conferred
under any of those paragraphs by the person to whom the premium is
paid shall be recoverable by the company from the recipient if subsection
(3) has not been complied with.
DIVISION E
SHAREHOLDERS OF COMPANIES
Meetings
105. (1) Meetings of shareholders of a company must be held at the
place within Guyana provided in the by-laws or, in the absence of any
such provision, at the place within Guyana that the directors determine.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), a meeting of shareholders of
a company may be held outside Guyana if all the shareholders entitled
to vote at the meeting so agree.
(3) A shareholder who attends a meeting of shareholders held
outside Guyana shall agree to its being so held unless he attends the
meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any
business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully held.
106. Notwithstanding section 105, if the articles of a company so
provide meetings of shareholders of the company may be held outside
Guyana at one or more places specified in the articles.
107. (1) The directors of a company
(a) must call an annual general meeting of shareholders not
later than eighteen months after the company comes into
existence and subsequently, at least once in every calendar
year and not later than fifteen months after holding the last
preceding annual general meeting; and
(b) may at any time call a special meeting of shareholders.
Place of
meetings.
Meeting
outside
Guyana.
Calling
meetings.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The Minister may, on application made by a company in
accordance with a resolution of the directors and signed by a director or
secretary, on payment of the prescribed fee and subject to such
conditions and directions as the Minister thinks fit to impose or give
(a) extend the period of eighteen or fifteen months referred
to in subsection (1); and
(b) permit an annual general meeting to be held in a calendar
year other than the calendar year in which it would otherwise
be required by subsection ( 1) to be held,
and a company shall not be in default under subsection (1) if it holds an
annual general meeting within the period so extended or in accordance
with any such permission.
(3) An application by a company for an extension of a period or
for permission under subsection (2) shall be made before the expiration
of the period or of the calendar year in which the annual general meeting
would otherwise be required to be held, as the case may be.
(4) Where in a calendar year (other than the year of its
incorporation or the following year) a company does not hold an annual
general meeting, an annual general meeting of the company shall, for the
purposes of calculating the period within which the next annual general
meeting is, under subsection (1), required to be held, be deemed to have
been held on the thirty-first of December in that calendar year unless the
Registrar otherwise directs or on such other date in that calendar year
as the Registrar determines.
(5) If default is made in holding an annual general meeting under
this section or in complying with any condition of the Minister under
subsection (2)
(a) the company and every officer of the company in default
shall be guilty or an offence and shall be liable on summary
conviction to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars; and
(b) the Minister may of his own motion or on the application
of any member of the company order a general meeting to be
held.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
91 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(6) If default is made in complying with an order made under
subsection (5)(b), the Court may, on the application of the Minister, order
that company to be wound up.
108. (1) For the purpose of
(a) determining the shareholders of the company who are
(i) entitled to receive payment of a dividend; or
(ii) entitled to participate in a liquidation distribution; or
(b) determining the shareholders of the company for any
other purpose except the right to receive notice of or to vote
at a meeting,
the directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for the
determination of shareholders, but that record date must not precede by
more than fifty days the particular action to be taken.
(2) For the purpose of determining shareholders who are entitled
to receive notice of a meeting of shareholders of the company, the
directors of the company may fix in advance a date as the record date
for the determination of shareholders; but the record date must not
precede by more than fifty days or by less than twenty-one days the date
on which the meeting is to be held.
109. If no record date is fixed
(a) the record date for determining the shareholders who
are entitled to receive a notice of meeting of the shareholders
shall be
(i) the close of business on the date immediately
preceding the day on which the notice is given; or
(ii) if no notice is given, the day on which the meeting is
held; and
(b) the record date for the determination of shareholders for
any purpose other than the purpose specified in paragraph (a)
Record date of
shareholders.
Statutory date.
LAWS OF GUYANA
shall be the close of business on the day on which the directors
pass the resolution relating to that purpose.
110. If a record date is fixed under section 108, notice thereof must,
not less than seven days before the date so fixed, be given by
advertisement in a newspaper published in Guyana.
111. (1) Notice of all general meetings shall be given to every member
of the company, whether he is entitled to attend and vote at the meeting
or not.
(2) Notice shall be given to the Registrar of all meetings of a
public company at which accounts are to be considered.
(3) Notice of all meetings of shareholders or debenture holders
shall be given to all shareholders or debenture holders.
(4) A notice of a meeting and all relevant documents or copies
thereof to be considered at the meeting shall be sent to a member,
shareholder or debenture holder either by delivering to that person or
sending to him by pre-paid post to his most recent address appearing in
the register of members or, as the case may be, the register of debenture
holders or to the most recent address supplied by him to the company for
the giving of notices to him.
(5) Where the articles of incorporation or by-laws of a company,
a debenture trust deed or debentures, or any other contract or instrument
provide that a meeting may be validly held or that all proceedings at a
meeting shall be valid, notwithstanding an omission to give notice of the
meeting to a person entitled to receive it, any resolution passed at the
meeting is voidable if notice was not given to so many persons that, if
they had all voted at the meeting in support of the side which was
defeated upon a vote taken upon the resolution, the result of the voting
would have been different from the result declared by the person
presiding at the meeting.
(6) This section applies notwithstanding anything contained in the
articles of incorporation or by-laws of a company, or in a debenture trust
deed or any debentures or in any other contract or instrument.
Notice of
record date.
Persons to
whom notice
of meetings is
to be given.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
93 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
112. (1) All business transacted at a special meeting of shareholders
and all business transacted at an annual general meeting of shareholders
shall be special business, except
(a) the consideration of the financial statements;
(b) the auditors report;
(c) the election of directors; and
(d) the re-appointment of the incumbent auditor.
(2) Notice of a meeting of shareholders at which special business
is to be transacted must state
(a) the nature of that business in sufficient detail to permit
the shareholder to form a reasoned judgment thereon; and
(b) the text of any special resolution to be submitted to the
meeting.
113. A shareholder and any other person who is entitled to attend a
meeting of shareholders may in any manner waive notice of the meeting;
and the attendance of any person at a meeting of shareholders shall be
a waiver of notice of the meeting by that person unless he attends the
meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any
business on the grounds that the meeting is not lawfully called.
Proposals and Proxies
114. A shareholder of a company who is entitled to vote at an annual
meeting of the shareholders may
(a) submit to the company notice of any matter that he
proposes to raise at the meeting, in this Division referred to as
a proposal; and
(b) discuss at the meeting any matter in respect of which he
would have been entitled to submit a proposal.
115. (1) A company that solicits proxies must set the proposal out in
the management proxy circular required by section 146 or attach the
proposal to that circular.
Special
business.
Waiver of
notice.
Proposals of
shareholders.
Proxy circular.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) If so requested by a shareholder who submits a proposal to
a company, the company must include in the management proxy circular
or attach to it a statement by the shareholder of not more than two
hundred words in support of the proposal, and the name and address of
the shareholder.
116. A proposal may include nominations for the election of directors
if the proposal is signed by one or more holders of shares who represent
in the aggregate not less than
(a) five per cent of the shares of the company; or
(b) five per cent of the shares of a class of shares of the
company,
entitled to vote at the meeting to which the proposal is to be presented;
but this subsection shall not preclude nominations made at a meeting of
shareholders of a company that is not required to solicit proxies under
section 145.
117. A company shall not be required to comply with section 115 if
(a) the proposal is not submitted to the company at least
ninety days before the anniversary date of the previous
annual meeting of shareholders of the company;
(b) it clearly appears that the proposal is submitted by the
shareholder primarily for the purpose of enforcing a personal
claim or redressing a personal grievance against the company
or its directors, officers, shareholders or debenture holders, or
primarily for the purpose of promoting general economic,
political, racial, religious, social or similar causes;
(c) the company, at the shareholders request, included a
proposal in a management proxy circular relating to a meeting
of shareholders held within two years preceding the receipt
of that request and the shareholder failed to present the
proposal, in person or by proxy, at the meeting;
(d) substantially the same proposal was submitted to
shareholders in a management proxy circular or a dissidents
proxy circular relating to a meeting of shareholders held
within two years preceding the receipt of the shareholders
Nomination in
proposal.
Non-compli-
ance with
proxy
solicitation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
95 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
request and the proposal was defeated; or
(e) the rights conferred by that subsection are being abused
to secure publicity.
118. No company or person acting on its behalf shall incur any liability
by reason only of circulating a proposal or statement in compliance with
this Act.
119. When a company refuses to include a proposal in a management
proxy circular, the company must, within ten days after receiving the
proposal, notify the shareholder submitting the proposal of its intention
to omit the proposal from the management proxy circular, and the
company must send him a statement of the reasons for its refusal.
120. Upon application to the court by a shareholder of a company who
is claiming to be aggrieved by the companys refusal under section 119
to include a proposal in a management proxy circular, the court may
restrain the holding of the meeting to which the proposal is sought to be
presented and make any further order it thinks fit.
121. A company or any person claiming to be aggrieved by a proposal
submitted to the company may apply to the court for an order permitting
the company to omit the proposal from its management proxy circular,
and the court may, if it is satisfied that section 117 applies, make such
order as it thinks fit.
122. An applicant under section 120 or 121 must give the Registrar
notice of the application, and the Registrar may appear and be heard in
Shareholder Lists
123. (1) A company must
(a) not later than ten days after the record date is fixed under
section 108(2), if a record date is so fixed; or
(b) if no record date is fixed
Publishing
immunity.
Refusal notice.
Restraining
meeting.
Right to omit
proposal.
Registrars
notice.
List of
shareholders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(i) at the close of business on the date immediately
preceding the day on which the notice is given; or
(ii) if no notice is given, as of the day on which the
meeting is held,
prepare a list of its shareholders who are entitled to receive notice of a
meeting, arranged in alphabetical order and showing the number of
shares held by each shareholder.
(2) When a company fixes a record date under section 108(2), a
person named in the list prepared under subsection (l)(a) shall, subject
to subsection (3), be entitled, at the meeting to which the list relates to
vote the shares shown opposite his name.
(3) Where a person has transferred the ownership of any of his
shares in a company after the record date fixed be the company, if the
transferee of those shares
(a) produces properly endorsed share certificates to the
company or otherwise establishes to the company that he
owns the shares; and
(b) demands, not later than ten days before the meeting of
the shareholders of the company that his name be included in
the list of shareholders before the meeting,
the transferee may vote his shares at the meeting.
(4) When a company does not fix a record date under section
108(2), a person named in a list of shareholders prepared under
subsection (1) (b) may, at the meeting to which the list relates, vote the
shares shown opposite his name.
124. A shareholder of a company may examine the list of its
shareholders
(a) during usual business hours at the registered office of the
company or at the place where its register of shareholders is
maintained; and
Examination of
list.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
97 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) at the meeting of shareholders for which the list was
prepared.
125. (1) For the purposes of this Division, a person has a substantial
share holding in a company if he holds, by himself or by his nominee,
shares in the company which entitle him to exercise at least ten per cent
of the unrestricted voting rights at any general meeting of the company.
(2) For the purposes of this Division, a person who has a
substantial shareholding in a company shall be a substantial shareholder
of the company.
126. (1) A person who is a substantial shareholder in a company shall
give notice in writing to the company stating his name and address and
giving full particulars of the shares held by him or his nominee (naming
the nominee) by virtue of which he is a substantial shareholder.
(2) A person required to give a notice under subsection (1) shall
do so within fourteen days after that person becomes aware that he is
a substantial shareholder.
(3) The notice shall be so given notwithstanding that the person
has ceased to be a substantial shareholder before the expiration of the
period referred to in subsection (2).
(4) This section shall apply only to shareholders of a public
company.
127. (1) A person who ceases to be a substantial shareholder in a
company shall give notice in writing to the company stating his name and
the date on which he ceased to be a substantial shareholder and giving
full particulars of the circumstances by reason of which he ceased to be
a substantial shareholder.
(2) A person required to give a notice under subsection (1) shall
do so within fourteen days after he becomes aware that he has ceased
to be a substantial shareholder.
Substantial
shareholder.
Substantial
shareholder to
give notice to
company.
Person ceasing
to be a
substantial
shareholder to
notify
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Quorum
128. (1) Unless the by-laws of a company otherwise provide and
subject to subsection (2), two or more persons present at a meeting shall
constitute a quorum.
(2) Where a company has
(a) only one shareholder; or
(b) only one shareholder of any class of shares,
he shall constitute a quorum at any meeting or, as the case may be, at
any meeting of shareholders of that class of shares.
(3) If a quorum is present at the opening of a meeting, the persons
present may, unless the by-laws otherwise provide, proceed with the
business of the meeting, notwithstanding that a quorum is not present
throughout the meeting.
(4) If a quorum is not present at the opening of a meeting, the
persons present may adjourn the meeting to a fixed time and place but
may not transact any other business.
Voting the Shares
129. Unless the articles or by-laws of the company otherwise provide,
on a show of hands a shareholder or proxy holder shall have one vote,
and upon a poll a shareholder or proxy holder shall have one vote for
every share held.
130. (1) When a body corporate or association is a shareholder of a
company, the company must recognise any individual authorised by a
resolution of the directors or governing body of the body corporate or
association to represent it at meetings of shareholders of the company.
(2) An individual who is authorised as described in subsection
(1) may exercise, on behalf of the body corporate or association that he
represents, all the powers it could exercise if it were an individual
shareholder.
Quorum.
Right to vote
share.
Representative
of other body.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
99 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
131. Unless the by-laws otherwise provide, if two or more persons
hold shares jointly, one of those holders present at a meeting of
shareholders may, in the absence of the other, vote the shares; but if two
or more of those persons who are present, in person or by proxy, vote,
they must vote as one on the shares jointly held by them.
132. (1) Unless the by-laws otherwise provide, voting at a meeting of
shareholders must be by a show of hands except when a ballot is
demanded by a shareholder or proxy holder entitled to vote at the
meeting.
(2) A shareholder or proxy holder may demand a ballot either
before or after any vote by show of hands.
133. (1) If the by-laws of a company permit postal voting at meetings
of the company, this section shall apply with respect to general meetings
and meetings of all classes of shareholders or debenture holders of the
company.
(2) Any person entitled to attend and vote at a meeting referred
to in subsection (1) or a proxy appointed by him may vote at the meeting
or at an adjournment thereof by delivering to the company, not later than
forty-eight hours before the time when the meeting or, as the case may
be, adjourned meeting is to commence, a written statement of the name
of the person entitled to vote and his proxy (if any) and the manner in
which he or his proxy wishes to vote on each or any of the resolutions
set out in the notice calling the meeting.
(3) A postal vote given by a proxy shall be valid only if the proxy
could have voted at the meeting if he had attended personally.
(4) A person or his proxy who gives a postal vote shall be counted
toward a quorum, and his postal vote shall be dealt with, as if that person
were personally present at the meeting and personally voted in the
manner expressed in his postal vote.
134. (1) Except where a written statement is submitted by a director
under section 72 or an auditor under section 180
Joint share-
holders.
Voting method
at meetings.
Postal voting.
Resolution in
writing.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) a resolution in writing signed by all the shareholders
entitled to vote on that resolution at a meeting of shareholders
shall be as valid as if it had been passed at a meeting of the
shareholders; and
(b) a resolution in writing dealing with all matters required by
this Act to be dealt with at a meeting of shareholders, and
signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote at that meeting,
shall satisfy all the requirements of this Act relating to
meetings of shareholders.
(2) A copy of every resolution referred to in subsection (1) must
be kept with the minutes of the meetings of shareholders.
Extraordinary General Meeting
135. (1) The holders of not less than ten per cent of the issued shares
of a company that carry the right to vote at a meeting sought to be held
by them may requisition the directors to call a meeting of shareholders
for the purposes stated in the requisition.
(2) The trustee of a debenture trust deed, notwithstanding
anything contained therein or in any debenture or in any contract or
instrument, shall on the requisition of persons holding at the date of the
deposit of the requisition debentures covered by the trust deed which
carry not less than ten per cent of the total voting rights attached to all
the issued and outstanding debentures of that class, forthwith proceed
duly to convene a meeting of that class of debenture holders.
(3) The requisition referred to in subsection (1) or (2) which may
consist of several documents of like form each signed by one or more
requisitionists of the company, must state the business to be transacted
at the meeting and must be sent to each director and to the registered
office of the company.
(4) Upon receiving a requisition referred to in subsection (1), the
directors must call a meeting of shareholders to transact the business
stated in the requisition, unless
Requisitioned
shareholders
meeting.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
101 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) a record date has been fixed under section 108(2) and
notice thereof has been given under section 110;
(b) the directors have called a meeting of shareholders and
have given notice thereof under section 111; or
(c) the business of the meeting as stated in the requisition
includes matters described in paragraphs (b) to (e) of section
117.
(5) If, after receiving a requisition referred to in subsection (1) or
(2) the directors or trustee for debenture holders do not or does not within
twenty-one days after receiving the deposit of the requisition proceed
duly to convene a meeting to be held not later than twenty-eight days
after the meeting is convened, any requisitionist who signed the
requisition may convene the meeting to transact the business specified
in the requisition.
(6) A meeting called under this section must be called as nearly
as possible in the manner in which meetings are to be called pursuant to
the by-laws, this Division and Division F.
(7) Unless the requisitionists otherwise resolve at a meeting
called under subsection (5), the company must re-imburse the
requisitionists who requisitioned the meeting, the expenses reasonably
incurred by them in requisitioning, convening and holding the meeting.
(8) The directors of a company, notwithstanding anything in its
articles of incorporation or by-laws, shall, on the requisition of
shareholders holding, at the date of the deposit of the requisition, not less
than ten per cent of all the issued and outstanding shares of any class,
forthwith proceed duly to convene a meeting of that class of
shareholders.
136. (1) Upon the application to the court by a director of a company
or a shareholder of the company who is entitled to vote at a meeting of
the shareholders, or by the Registrar, the court may
(a) when for any reason it is impracticable
Court-called
meeting.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(i) to call a meeting of shareholders in the manner in
which meetings of shareholders can be called; or
(ii) to conduct the meeting in the manner prescribed by
the by-laws and this Act; or
(b) for any other reason thought fit by the court,
order a meeting of shareholders to be called, held and conducted in such
manner as the court may direct.
(2) Without restricting the generality of subsection (1), the court
may order that the quorum required by the by-laws or this Act be varied
or dispensed with at a meeting called, held and conducted pursuant to this
section.
(3) A meeting of the shareholders of a company called, held and
conducted pursuant to this section shall be for all purposes a meeting of
shareholders of the company duly called, held and conducted.
Controverted Affairs
137. (1) A company or a shareholder or director thereof may apply to
the court to determine any controversy with respect to an election or
appointment of a director or auditor of the company.
(2) Upon an application made under this section, the court may
make any order it thinks fit including
(a) an order restraining a director or auditor whose election
or appointment is challenged from acting pending
determination of the dispute;
(b) an order declaring the result of the disputed election or
appointment;
(c) an order requiring a new election or appointment and
including in the order directions for the management of the
business and affairs of the company until a new election is
held or appointment made; and
(d) an order determining the voting rights of shareholders
and of persons claiming to own shares.
Court review
controversy.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
103 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
138. (1) Within one month after a resolution has been declared to have
been passed or defeated at a general meeting of a company or, at a
meeting of a class of shareholders or debenture holders any person
aggrieved thereby may apply to the court for a declaration that the
resolution was not passed or was not defeated, as the case may be.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of the expression
aggrieved person, a person shall be considered to be an aggrieved
person
(a) if the resolution was proposed at a general meeting and
the applicant is a shareholder of the company; or
(b) if the resolution was proposed at a meeting of a class of
shareholders or debenture holders and the applicant is a
shareholder or debenture holder of that class,
but a person shall not be considered as aggrieved by the passing of a
resolution in favour of which he or his proxy voted or by the defeat of
a resolution against which he or his proxy voted.
(3) An application may be made to the court under this section on
the grounds that
(a) the meeting was not properly convened;
(b) votes tendered at the meeting were improperly accepted
or rejected by the chairman, and in consequence the
resolution was wrongly declared to have been passed or
defeated;
(c) the chairmans declaration of the number of votes cast
in favour and against the resolution was incorrect, and in
consequence the resolution was wrongly declared to have
been passed or defeated;
(d) the resolution passed at the meeting (not being a
resolution authorised by this Act to alter the articles of
incorporation or by-laws of a company or to alter or abrogate
the rights of debenture holders) is inconsistent with the
articles of incorporation or by-laws of a company or with the
terms of a debenture trust deed or a debenture; or
Application to
court to
declare that
resolution was
not passed or
was not
defeated.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(e) the resolution passed at the meeting is voidable under
any other provision of this Act.
139. (1) On the hearing of an application under section 138 the
court
(a) may confirm in whole or in part any resolution which has
been declared to have been passed at a meeting or may
declare such a resolution not to have passed; or
(b) may declare a resolution which has been declared to
have been defeated at a meeting to have been passed in whole
or in part or may declare such a resolution to have been
defeated.
(2) The order of the court shall be substituted for the declaration
of the chairman at the meeting that the resolution was passed or
defeated, and all persons shall act accordingly.
(3) If an application to the court is not made under section 138
within one month after the declaration by the chairman of the meeting
that the resolution in question has been passed or defeated, or if the
application made to the court is dismissed, it shall thereafter be
conclusively presumed that the resolution was passed or defeated as
declared by the chairman and, if he declared the resolution to have been
passed, that the meeting at which it was passed was duly convened and
held and that the resolution is valid.
(4) This section shall not apply to procedural resolutions.
(5) For the purposes of this section a procedural resolution shall
be a resolution
(a) declaring a dividend;
(b) approving or rejecting the annual accounts of the
company or the directors or auditors report; or
(c) to elect a chairman of a meeting, to adjourn or terminate
a meeting, to terminate discussion on a proposed resolution or
an amendment thereto, or to take a vote on any matter without
further discussion.
Powers of
courts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
105 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
Shareholder Approvals
140. (1) A sale, lease or exchange of all or substantially all the
property of a company other than in the ordinary course of business of
the company shall require the approval of the shareholders in
accordance with this section.
(2) A notice of a meeting of shareholders complying with section
111 must be sent in accordance with that section to each shareholder and
must
(a) include or be accompanied by a copy or summary of the
agreement of sale, lease or exchange; and
(b) state that a dissenting shareholder shall be entitled to be
paid the fair value of his shares in accordance with paragraph
15 of Part IV of the Fourth Schedule,
but failure to make the statement referred to in paragraph (b) shall not
invalidate a sale, lease or exchange referred to in subsection (1).
(3) At the meeting referred to in subsection (2) the shareholders
may authorise the sale, lease or exchange of the property and may fix
or authorise the directors to fix any of the terms and conditions of the
sale, lease or exchange.
(4) Each share of the company shall carry the right to vote in
respect of a sale, lease or exchange referred to in subsection (1) whether
or not it otherwise carries the right to vote.
(5) The shareholders of a class or series of shares of the
company shall be entitled to vote separately as a class or series in respect
of a sale, lease or exchange referred to in subsection (1) only if the class
or series is affected by the sale, lease or exchange in a manner different
from the shares of another class or series.
(6) A sale, lease or exchange referred to in subsection (1) shall
be adopted when the shareholders of each class or series of shares who
are entitled to vote thereon have, by special resolution, approved of the
sale, lease or exchange.
Extraordinary
transaction.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(7) The directors of a company, if authorised by the shareholders
approving a proposed sale, lease or exchange, may, subject to the rights
of third parties, abandon the sale, lease or exchange without any further
approval of the shareholders.
(8) Two or more companies may amalgamate and each share of
an amalgamating company shall carry the right to vote in respect of the
amalgamation whether or not the share otherwise carries the right to
vote.
(9) The holders of shares of a class or series of shares of an
amalgamating company shall be entitled to vote separately as a class or
series in respect of an amalgamation when the amalgamation agreement
contains a provision that, if contained in a proposed amendment to the
articles would entitle those holders to vote as a class or series under
section 27(2), (3),(4) and (5).
DIVISION F
PROXIES
141. (1) In this Part
form of proxy means a written or printed form that, upon completion
and signature by or on behalf of a shareholder, shall become a
proxy;
proxy means a completed and signed form of proxy by means of which
a shareholder appoints a proxy holder to attend and act on his behalf
at a meeting of shareholders;
registrant means a broker or dealer required to be registered to trade
or deal in shares or debentures under the law of any jurisdiction;
solicit or solicitation includes, subject to subsection (2)
(i) a request for a proxy whether or not accompanied
with or included in a form of proxy;
Definitions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
107 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(ii) a request to execute or not to execute a form of proxy
or to revoke a proxy;
(iii) the sending of a form of proxy or other
communication to a shareholder under circumstances
reasonably calculated to result in the procurement,
withholding or revocation of a proxy; and
(iv) the sending of a form of proxy to a shareholder under
section 145;
solicitation by or on behalf of the management of a company means
a solicitation by any person pursuant to a resolution or instructions
of, or with the acquiescence of, the directors or a committee of
directors of the company concerned.
(2) The term solicit or solicitation shall not include
(a) the sending of a form of proxy in response to an
unsolicited request made by or on behalf of a shareholder;
(b) the performance of administrative acts or professional
services on behalf of a person soliciting a proxy;
(c) the sending by a registrant of the documents referred to
in section 150; or
(d) a solicitation by a person in respect of shares of which
he is beneficial owner.
PROXY HOLDERS
142. (1) A shareholder who is entitled to vote at a meeting of
shareholders may by means of a proxy appoint a proxy holder, or one or
more alternate proxy holders, none of whom need be shareholders, to
attend and act at the meeting in the manner and to the extent authorised
by the proxy and with the authority conferred by the proxy.
(2) A proxy must be executed in writing by the shareholder or his
attorney authorised in writing.
(3) A proxy shall be valid only at the meeting in respect of which
it is given or any adjournment of that meeting.
Proxy
appointment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
143. A Shareholder of a company may revoke a proxy
(a) by depositing an instrument in writing executed by him
or by his attorney authorised in writing
(i) at the registered office of the company at any time up
to and including the last business day preceding the day of
the meeting, or any adjournment of that meeting, at which
the proxy is to be used; or
(ii) with the chairman of the meeting on the day of the
meeting or any adjournment of that meeting; or
(b) in any other manner permitted by law.
144. (1) The directors of a company may specify in a notice calling a
meeting of the shareholders of the company a time not exceeding forty-
eight hours preceding the meeting or an adjournment of the meeting
before which time proxies to be used at the meeting must be deposited
with the company or its agent.
(2) In the calculation of time for the purposes of subsection (1),
Saturdays and holidays shall be excluded.
145. (1) Subject to subsection(2), the management of a company
must, concurrently with the giving of notice of a meeting of shareholders,
send a form of proxy in the prescribed form to each shareholder who is
entitled to receive notice of the meeting.
(2) Where a company has fewer than fifteen shareholders, two
or more joint shareholders being counted as one, the management of the
company need not send a form of proxy under subsection (1).
146. A person shall not solicit proxies unless there is sent to the auditor
of the company, to each shareholder whose proxy is solicited and to the
company if the solicitation is not by or on behalf of the management of
the company
(a) a management proxy circular in the prescribed form
either as an appendix to or as a separate document
Revocation of
proxy.
Deposit of
proxy.
Mandatory
solicitation of
proxy.
Prohibited
solicitation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
109 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
accompanying the notice of the meeting, when the solicitation
is by or on behalf of the management of the company; or
(b) a dissidents proxy solicitation, in the prescribed form
stating the purposes of the solicitation, when the solicitation is
not by or on behalf of the management of the company.
147. A person required to send a management proxy circular or
dissidents proxy circular must concurrently send a copy thereof to the
Registrar together with a copy of the notice of the meeting, form of proxy
and any other documents for use in connection with the meeting.
148. Upon the application of an interested person, the Registrar may,
on such terms as he thinks fit, exempt that person from any of the
requirements of section 145 or 146, and the exemption may be given
retroactive effect by the Registrar.
149. (1) A person who solicits a proxy and is appointed proxy holder
must
(a) attend in person, or cause an alternate proxy holder to
attend, the meeting in respect of which the proxy is given, and
(b) comply with the directions of the shareholder who
appointed him.
(2) A proxy holder or an alternative proxy holder has the same
rights as the shareholder who appointed him
(a) to speak at the meeting of shareholders in respect of any
matter;
(b) to vote by way of ballot at the meeting; and
(c) except when a proxy holder or an alternate proxy holder
has conflicting instructions from more than one shareholder,
to vote at the meeting in respect of any matter by way of any
show of hands.
Documents for
Registrar.
Exemption by
Registrar.
Proxy
attending
meeting.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Share Registrants
150. (1) Shares of a company that are registered in the name of a
registrant or his nominee and not beneficially owned by the registrant
may not be voted unless the registrant forthwith after receipt thereof
sends to the beneficial owner
(a) a copy of the notice of the meeting, financial statements,
management proxy circular, dissidents proxy circular and
any other documents sent to shareholders by or on behalf of
any person for use in connection with the meeting, other than
the form of proxy; and
(b) except where the registrant has received written voting
instructions from the beneficial owner, a written request for
voting instructions.
(2) A registrant may not vote or appoint a proxy holder to vote
shares registered in his name or in the name of his nominee that he does
not beneficially own unless he receives voting instructions from the
beneficial owner of the shares.
(3) A person by or on behalf of whom a solicitation is made must,
at the request of a registrant, forthwith furnish to the registrant at that
persons expense the necessary number of copies of the documents
referred to in paragraph (a) of subsection (1).
(4) A registrant must vote or appoint a proxy holder to vote any
shares referred to in subsection (1) in accordance with any written
voting instructions received from the beneficial owner.
(5) If requested by a beneficial owner of shares of a company,
the registrant of those shares must appoint the beneficial owner or a
nominee of the beneficial owner as proxy holder for those shares.
(6) The failure of a registrant to comply with this section shall not
render void any meeting of shareholders or any action taken at the
meeting.
Registrants
duty.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
111 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
151. Nothing in section 150 gives a registrant the right to vote shares
that he is otherwise prohibited from voting
Remedial Powers
152. (1) If a form of proxy, management proxy circular or dissidents
proxy circular
(a) contains an untrue statement of a material fact; or
(b) omits to state a material fact required therein or
necessary to make a statement contained therein not
misleading in the light of the circumstances in which it was
made,
an interested person or the Registrar may apply to the court.
(2) On an application under this section the court may make any
order it thinks fit, including any or all of the following orders
(a) an order restraining the solicitation or the holding of the
meeting or restraining any person from implementing or
acting upon any resolution passed at the meeting to which the
form of proxy, management proxy circular or dissidents
proxy circular relates;
(b) an order requiring correction of any form of proxy or
proxy circular and a further solicitation; or
(c) an order adjourning the meeting.
(3) An applicant under this section other than the Registrar must
give the Registrar notice of the application, and the Registrar may
appear and be heard in person or by an attorney-at-law.
Governing
prohibition.
Restraining
order.
LAWS OF GUYANA
DIVISION G
FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
Annual Returns
153. (1) Subject to this section, every company shall, once at least in
every year, make a return
(a) in the prescribed form;
(b) made up to the date of the annual general meeting of the
company;
(c) containing the particulars referred to in the Fifth
Schedule and, where a recommendation with respect to a
dividend is rejected, the statement required by section 50 (2).
(2) A company is not required to make a return pursuant to
subsection (1)
(a) in the year of its incorporation; or
(b) in the following year if in that year the company is not
required by section 107 to hold an annual general meeting.
(3) The annual return signed by a director or the secretary of the
company shall be lodged with the Registrar within forty-two days after
the annual general meeting.
154. (1) Subject to this Act, there shall be annexed to the annual return
of a company
(a) a written copy, certified both by a director and by the
secretary of the company to be a true copy, of all balance
sheets, profit and loss accounts and group accounts laid
before the company in general meeting or circulated to
members and registered debenture holders during the period
to which the return relates; and
(b) a copy, so certified, of the reports of the auditors on, and
of the reports of directors accompanying, all such accounts,
Annual return
to be made by
company.
Documents to
be annexed to
annual return.
Fifth Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
113 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
and where any such account or other document is in a foreign language
there shall be annexed to that account or document a translation in
English of the account or other document certified to be a correct
translation.
(2) If any such account or document did not comply with the
requirements of the law, as in force at the date of the audit, with respect
to the form of accounts or documents, as the case may be, there shall
be made such additions to, and corrections in, the copy as would have
been required to be made if the account or document were to comply
with those requirements, and the fact that the copy has been so amended
shall be stated thereon.
(3) A company which
(a) has not offered shares in, or debentures of, the company
to the public; and
(b) is not a subsidiary of a company which has done so,
may delete from any document or account annexed, pursuant to
subsection (1)(a), to an annual return lodged with the Registrar
(i) any information about the emoluments of the
directors of the company included in the document or
account pursuant to section 163; and
(ii) any particulars included in the document or account
with respect to turnover and rents recoverable and payable,
but the fact that the document or account has been amended by any such
deletion shall be stated in the document or account.
(4) For the purposes of section 153, the accounts and documents
required by this section to be annexed to the annual return of a company
shall be deemed to be part thereof.
155. Not less than twenty-one days before each annual general
meeting of the shareholders of a company or before the signing of a
resolution under section 134 (1)(b) in lieu of its annual meeting, the
Copies to
shareholders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
company must send a copy of the documents referred to in section 153
to each shareholder, except to a shareholder who has informed the
company in writing that he does not want a copy of these documents.
156. A company
(a) that is a public company; or
(b) the gross revenues of which or the assets of which as
shown in the most recent documents referred to in section 153
exceed such amount as the Minister may by regulations
prescribe,
shall send a copy of the documents referred to in section 153 to the
Registrar, not less than twenty-one days before each annual meeting of
the shareholders or forthwith after the signing of a resolution under
section 134 (l)(b) in lieu of the annual general meeting, and in any event
not later than fifteen months after the last date when the last preceding
annual general meeting should have been held or a resolution in lieu of
the meeting should have been signed.
Accounts
157. (1) Every company shall cause to be kept proper books of
account in accordance with the Sixth Schedule, with respect to
(a) all sums of money received and expended by the
company and the matters in respect of which the receipt and
expenditure relate;
(b) all goods and purchases of goods of the company; and
(c) the assets and liabilities of the company.
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), proper books of account
shall not be deemed to be kept with respect to the matters referred to
in that subsection if there are not kept such books as are necessary to
give a true and fair view of the state of the companys affairs and to
explain its transactions.
Registrars
copies.
Accounts to be
kept.
Sixth Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
115 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) The books of account of a company shall be kept at the
registered office of the company or at such other places as the directors
of the company think fit and shall at all times be open to inspection by
the directors.
(4) Where books of account of a company are kept at a place
outside Guyana there shall be sent to, and kept at a place in Guyana and
be at all times open to inspection by the directors of the company such
accounts and returns with respect to the business dealt with in the books
of accounts so kept as will disclose with reasonable accuracy the
financial position of that business at intervals not exceeding six months
and will enable to be prepared in accordance with this Act the
companys balance sheet, its profit and loss account, and any document
annexed to any of those documents giving information which is required
by this Act and is allowed by this Act to be so given.
158. (1) Subject to subsection (2), the directors of a company shall
cause to be made out and laid before the company at each annual general
meeting a profit and loss account for the period since the date to which
the last preceding meeting after the incorporation of the company, made
up for a period ending on a date not earlier than six months before the
date of the meeting and giving a true and fair view of the profit or loss
of the company for that period.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), the Registrar may, on
application made in accordance with a resolution of the directors of a
company, and signed on behalf of the company by a director or
secretary, extend, subject to such conditions as the Registrar thinks fit
the period of six months referred to in subsection (1).
(3) The directors shall cause to be made out in every calendar
year, and to be laid before an annual general meeting, a balance sheet
as at the date to which the profit and loss account is made up.
159. (1) Subject to this section
(a) every balance sheet of a company shall give a true and
fair view of the state of affairs of the company as at the end
of its financial year; and
Profit and loss
account and
balance sheet.
Provisions as
to contents
and form of
annual
accounts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) every profit and loss account of a company shall give a
true and fair view of the profit or loss of the company for its
financial year.
(2) Subject to this section, a companys balance sheet and profit
and loss account shall comply with the requirements of the Sixth
Schedule, so far as applicable thereto.
(3) Save as expressly provided in the following provisions of this
section, the requirements of subsection (2) shall be without prejudice to
the requirements of subsection (1) or to any other requirements of this
Act.
(4) On the application or with the consent of the directors of a
company, the Minister may modify, in relation to the company, the
requirements of this Act as to the matters to be stated in any account of
the company so as to adapt these requirements to the circumstances of
the company, but without prejudice to the requirement of subsection (1).
(5) Subsections (1) and (2) shall not apply to a companys profit
and loss account if
(a) the company has subsidiaries; and
(b) the profit and loss account is framed as a consolidated
profit and loss account dealing with all or any of the
companys subsidiaries as well as the company and
(i) complies with the requirements of this Act relating to
consolidated profit and loss accounts; and
(ii) shows how much of the consolidated profit or loss for
the financial year of the company is dealt with in the
accounts of the company.
(6) A director of a company who fails to take all reasonable steps
as respects any accounts, or accounts laid before the company in
general meetings, to secure compliance with the provisions of this
section and with the other requirements of this Act as to matters to be
stated in accounts shall be guilty of an offence.
Sixth Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
117 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
160. (1) Subject to subsection (3), where at the end of its financial year
a company has subsidiaries, accounts or statements dealing, as provided
in this Act, with the state of affairs and profit and loss of the company
and its subsidiaries shall be laid before the company in general meetings
when the companys own balance sheet and profit and loss account are
so laid.
(2) The accounts or statements mentioned in subsection (1) shall
be referred to in this Act as group accounts.
(3) Group accounts
(a) shall not be required
(i) in the case of a company which, at the end of its
financial year, is a wholly owned subsidiary of another
company; or
(ii) where, in any of the circumstances referred to in
paragraph (b), the Minister gives such a consent as is so
referred to in respect of all of the companys subsidiaries;
and
(b) need not deal with a subsidiary of a company if the
directors of the company are of the opinion that
(i) it is impracticable, or would be of no real value to the
members of the company, in view of the insignificant
amounts involved, or would involve expenses or delay out of
proportion to the value to the members of the company, to
do so;
(ii) the result of doing so would be misleading or harmful
to the business of the company or any of its subsidiaries; or
(iii) the business of the company and that of the
subsidiary are so different that they cannot reasonably be
treated as a single undertaking,
and the Minister consents to the omission of the assets and liabilities and
the profit or loss of the subsidiary from the companys group accounts.
Group
accounts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) If a company makes default in complying with this section, the
company and every director of the company in default shall be guilty of
an offence.
161. (1) The group accounts of a holding company laid pursuant to
section 160 before the company in general meeting
(a) shall be consolidated accounts comprising
(i) a consolidated balance sheet dealing with the state of
affairs of the holding company and all its subsidiaries to be
dealt with in group accounts; and
(ii) a consolidated profit and loss account dealing with
the profit or loss of the holding company and those
subsidiaries; and
(b) shall give a true and fair view of the state of affairs and
profit or loss of the holding company and those subsidiaries,
dealt with as a whole, so far as concerns members,
shareholders and debenture holders of the holding company.
(2) If the financial year of a subsidiary does not coincide with that
of its holding company the group accounts shall, unless the Minister
otherwise directs, deal with the subsidiarys profit and loss for, and the
state of affairs as at the end of, its financial year ending last before that
of the holding company.
(3) Subject to subsection (4) and without prejudice to the
requirements of subsection (1 )(b), group accounts shall comply with the
requirements of the Sixth Schedule, so far as applicable thereto.
(4) On the application or with the consent of the directors of a
company, the Minister may modify, in relation to that company, the
requirements of subsection (3) for the purpose of adapting them to the
circumstances of the company, but without prejudice to the
requirements of subsection (l)(b).
Form and
contents of
group
accounts.
Sixth Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
119 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
162. (1) A holding companys directors shall secure that the financial
year of each of its subsidiaries shall coincide with the holding companys
own financial year but if the financial year of a subsidiary has not
previously coincided with the holding companys financial year, the
Minister may permit such an arrangement to continue if the holding
company satisfies him either
(a) that disproportionate expense would be incurred if the
subsidiarys financial year were to be changed; or
(b) that a true and fair view of the matters mentioned in
section 161 (I)(b) will be given by the group accounts even
though the subsidiarys financial year does not coincide with
that of the holding company.
(2) The Minister may at any time withdraw any permission given
by him under subsection (1) if, after affording the holding company
concerned an opportunity to submit representations to him in writing and
considering any such representations submitted by it, he is of the opinion
that subsection (1)(a) or (b) no longer applies in the circumstances of the
particular case.
(3) Where it appears to the Minister desirable for a holding
company, or a holding companys subsidiary, to extend its financial year
so that the subsidiarys financial year may end with that of the holding
company, and for that purpose to postpone the submission of the relevant
accounts to a general meeting from one calendar year to the next, the
Minister may, on the application or with the consent of the directors of
the company whose financial year is to be extended, direct that a general
meeting shall not be required in the earlier of those calendar years.
163. (1) In the annual accounts of a company, or in a statement
annexed thereto, there shall, subject to and in accordance with this
section, be shown
(a) the amount of the emoluments of each director of the
company;
(b) the aggregate amount of the pensions paid to individuals
in their capacities as the directors or former directors of the
company; and
Financial year
of holding
company and
subsidiary.
Particulars of
directors
emoluments,
etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(c) the aggregate amount of any compensation paid to or
received by directors or former directors of the company in
respect of loss of office.
(2) The amount to be shown under subsection (1)(a)
(a) shall include emoluments paid to, or receivable by, a
person in respect of his services as a director of a company
or in respect of his services as a director of a company
affiliated with the same group of companies as the company
or otherwise in connection with the management of the
affairs of the company or a company affiliated with the same
group of companies as the company, (including emoluments
in respect of services as chairman of any such company);
(b) shall distinguish between emoluments in respect of
services as a director, whether of the company or of a
company affiliated with the same group of companies as the
company, and other emoluments,
and for the purposes of this section the expression emoluments, in
relation to a director, includes fees, commissions, shares or percentages
of the profits of the company or of a company affiliated with the same
group of companies as the company, any sums paid by way of expenses
or allowances, and contributions paid in respect of him under any pension
scheme and the estimated money value of any other benefits received
or receivable by him otherwise than in cash.
(3) The amount to be shown under subsection (1) (b)
(a) shall not include any pension paid, or receivable under a
pension scheme if the scheme is such that the contributions
thereunder are substantially adequate for the maintenance of
the scheme but, save as aforesaid, shall include any pension
paid or receivable in respect of any such services of a director
or past director of a company as are mentioned in subsection
(2), whether to or by him or, on his nomination or by virtue of
dependence on or other connection with him, to or by any
other person; and
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) shall distinguish between pensions in respect of services
as a director, whether of the company or of a company
affiliated with the same group of companies as the company,
and other pensions, and for the purposes of this section the
expression pension includes any superannuation annuity,
superannuation allowance, superannuation gratuity or similar
payment, and the expression pension scheme means a
scheme for the provision of pensions in respect of services as
a director or otherwise which is maintained in whole or in part
by means of contributions, and the expression contribution
in relation to a pension scheme means any payment (including
an insurance premium) paid for the purposes of the scheme
by or in respect of which pensions will or may become
payable under the scheme.
(4) The amount to be shown under subsection (1)(c)
(a) shall include any sums paid to or receivable by a director
or past director of a company by way of compensation for loss
of office as a director of the company or for the loss, while a
director of the company or on or in connection with his
ceasing to be a director of the company, of any other office
in connection with the management of the companys affairs,
or of any office as a director or otherwise in connection with
the management of the affairs of a company affiliated with
the same group of companies as the company; and
(b) shall distinguish between compensation in respect of the
office of director, whether of the company or of a company
and compensation in respect of other offices, and between
compensation paid or payable by the company and other
compensations,
and for the purposes of this section references to compensation for loss
of office include a reference to sums paid as consideration for or in
connection with a persons retirement from office.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(5) The amounts to be shown under this section for any financial
year shall be the sums receivable in respect of that year, whenever paid,
or, in the case of sums not receivable in respect of a period, the sums paid
during that year.
(6) Where it is necessary to do so for the purposes of making any
distinction required by this section in any amount to be shown
thereunder, the directors of a company may apportion any payments
between the matters in respect of which they have been paid or have yet
to be paid in such manner as they think appropriate.
(7) In the annual accounts of a company, or in a statement
annexed thereto, there shall be shown the number of directors who have
waived rights to receive emoluments to which this section would
otherwise apply, and the aggregate amount of those emoluments.
(8) Where any of the requirements of this section are not
complied with in relation to any accounts, the auditors of the company
shall include in their report, so far as they are reasonably able to do so,
a statement giving the particulars necessary to meet those requirements.
(9) In this section, any reference to a company affiliated with the
same group of companies as the company shall, for the purposes of
subsections (2) and (3), be taken as referring to such a company at the
time the services were rendered and, for the purposes of subsection (4),
be taken as referring to such a company immediately before the loss of
office as director of the company.
164. (1) This section shall apply in relation to a company which, at the
end of its financial year, has subsidiaries.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), where this section applies in relation
to a company, there shall be included in the annual accounts of the
company, or in a statement annexed thereto, with respect to each of its
subsidiaries
(a) a statement of its name and, if incorporated outside
Guyana, of the country of incorporation; and
Particulars of
subsidiaries.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
123 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) in relation to shares of each class in the subsidiary held
by the company, a statement of the identity of the class and
the proportion of the issued and outstanding shares of that
class held by the company.
(3) The information required to be disclosed under subsection
2(b) need not be disclosed in relation to a subsidiary which carries on
business outside Guyana if the directors of the holding company consider
that the disclosure would be harmful to the business of the holding
company, and the Minister consents to the information not being
disclosed.
(4) Subject to subsection (3), section 163(8) shall apply in relation
to matters required by this section to be included in accounts as it applies
in relation to matters required by section 163 to be included in accounts.
165. (1) This section shall apply in relation to a company which at the
end of its financial year, is the associated company of a body corporate
that is not the companys subsidiary.
(2) Where this section applies in relation to a particular company
there shall be included in the annual accounts of the particular company,
or in a statement annexed thereto, with respect to each associated
company
(a) a statement of its name and, if incorporated outside
Guyana, the country of incorporation; and
(b) in relation to shares of each class in the associated
company held by the particular company or its nominee, a
statement of the identity of the class and the aggregate
proportion of the issued and outstanding shares of that class
held by the particular company and its nominee.
(3) Section 163(8) shall apply in relation to matters required by
this section to be included in accounts as it applies in relation to matters
required by section 163 to be included in accounts.
Particulars of
associated
companies in
which
company
holds shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
166. (1) This section shall apply in relation to a particular company
which, at the end of its financial year, is the subsidiary of a body
corporate.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), where this section applies in relation
to a particular company, there shall be included in the annual accounts
of the particular company, or in a statement annexed thereto
(a) a statement of the name of the body corporate regarded
by the directors of the particular company as the companys
ultimate holding company or the most senior holding company
known to them; and
(b) if known to the directors of the particular company, a
statement of the country of incorporation of the ultimate or
most senior holding company.
(3) Where the directors of a company are unable to give the
information required by subsection (2) or some of that information, the
annual accounts shall contain a statement to that effect.
(4) Section 163 (8) shall apply in relation to matters required by
this section to be included in accounts as it applies in relation to matters
required by section 163 to be included in accounts.
167. (1) A company which is the subsidiary, holding company or
subsidiary of the holding company, of another company shall notify the
other company in writing, within one month of the expiration of the
financial year of the other company, or all the matters relating to the
affairs of the company which are required by sections 163 to 167 to be
included in the annual accounts of the other company or in a statement
annexed to those accounts, giving in the notice particulars of those
matters.
(2) Every director of a company which, by subsection (1), is
required to notify another company shall, within one month of the end of
the financial year of the other company, notify the company in writing
of all matters relating to him personally which are required by sections
Duty to give
particulars for
purposes of
sections 163 to
167.
Particulars of
companys
holding
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
125 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
163 to 167 to be included in the accounts of the company or in a statement
annexed to those accounts, giving in the notice particulars of those
matters.
(3) A company in which another company holds shares in
circumstances which make it necessary under section 166 for the other
company to include particulars of its shareholding in its annual accounts
or in a statement annexed to those accounts shall give that other
company, within one month after that company makes a written request
in that behalf, the particulars referred to in section 165(2)(b).
(4) Any reference in this section to matters required to be
included in the annual accounts of a company, or in a statement annexed
thereto, shall be shown separately therein and to matters which are
required to be, or which may be, shown in combination with other
matters.
Directors Annual Report
168. (1) The directors of a company
(a) shall lay before every annual general meeting of the
company a report (in this Act called the directors annual
report) with respect to
(i) the affairs of the company; and
(ii) if the company is a holding company, the affairs of its
subsidiaries, unless the company is itself a wholly owned
subsidiary.
(2) The directors annual report shall state the names of the
persons who, at any time during the financial year, were directors of the
company and the principal activities of the company and of its
subsidiaries in the course of that year and any significant change in those
activities in that year, and also
(a) if significant changes in the fixed assets of the company
or of any of its subsidiaries have occurred in that year, give
particulars of the changes and, if (in the case of those assets)
Duty to lay
directors
annual report.
LAWS OF GUYANA
the market or saleable value thereof (as at the end of the year)
differs substantially from the amount thereof as shown in the
balance sheet, give particulars of that difference;
(b) if, in that year, the company has issued any shares or
debentures, state the reason for making the issue, the classes
of shares or debentures, the number issued and the
consideration received by the company for the issue;
(c) if, at the end of that year, there subsists a contract with
the company in which a director of the company has, or at any
time in that year had, in any way, whether directly or
indirectly, an interest, or there has, at any time in that year,
subsisted a contract with the company in which a director of
the company had, at any time in that year, in any way, whether
directly or indirectly, an interest (being in either case, a
contract of significance in relation to the companys business
and in which the directors interest is or was material),
contain
(i) a statement of the fact of the contract subsisting or,
as the case may be, having subsisted;
(ii) the names of the parties to the contract (other than
the company);
(iii) the name of the director (if not a party to the
contract);
(iv) an indication of the nature of the contract; and
(v) an indication of the nature of the directors interest in
the contract;
(d) if, at the end of that year, there are arrangements to
which the company is a party, being arrangements whose
objects are, or one of whose objects is, to enable the directors
of the company or of a company affiliated with the same
group of companies as the company to acquire benefits by
means of the acquisition of shares in, or debentures of, the
company or any other body corporate, or there have, at any
time in that year subsisted any such arrangements to which
the company was a party, contain a statement explaining the
effect of the arrangements and giving the names of the
persons who at any time during that year were directors of the
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
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L.R.O. 3/1998
company or of a company which at any time that year was
and who held, or whose nominees held, shares or debentures
acquired in pursuance of the arrangements; and also giving
particulars of all outstanding loans made or guaranteed by the
company, or in respect of which the company has given any
security, if the loan was made to or for the benefit of any such
director with a view to enabling him or his nominee to acquire
shares in, or debentures of, the company or any other body
corporate;
(e) in respect of each person who has at any time during the
year been a director of the company or of a company which
at any time during that year was affiliated with the same group
of companies as the company, or of a company which has at
any time during that year been an associated company of the
company, contain the entries required by section 189 to be
made in the register of directors holdings kept by the
company;
(f) contain any statement required by section 50(2);
(g) state the directors proposals as to the application of the
profits of the company shown in its profit and loss account,
including its profits and revenue reserves carried forward
from earlier financial years; and
(h) contain particulars of any other matters so far as they
are material for the appreciation of the state of the companys
affairs by its members, shareholders or debenture holders,
being matters which will not be harmful to the business of the
company or of any company which is affiliated with the same
group of companies as the company.
(3) Where a company is a holding company (other than a wholly
owned subsidiary of another company), the directors annual report shall
also deal with the matters specified in subsection (2) in relation to each
of the companys subsidiaries.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) If the directors of a company consider that disclosure of any
matter required to be included in the directors annual report by this
section would be harmful to the company or to any company which is
affiliated with the same group of companies as the company, they may,
with the consent of the Minister, omit that matter from the report.
(5) If the directors annual report does not contain a statement
required by this section to be included in it or contains a statement which
is false, deceptive, misleading or incomplete, the auditors of the company
shall, so far as they are reasonably able to do so, include in their report
on the accounts of the company under section 185 a statement or
correction giving the information required by this section.
169. (1) The directors of a company to which this section applies shall
include in the directors annual report
(a) if, during the financial year to which the report relates,
the company carried on two or more classes of business
which differed substantially from each other, a statement of
the extent (expressed in monetary terms) to which the
carrying on of each class of business contributed to or
diminished the profit or loss of the company for the year
before taxation; and
(b) if, at any time during the year, the company had one or
more subsidiaries and the company and any of those
subsidiaries carried on two or more classes of business which
differed substantially from each other, a statement of the
extent (expressed in monetary terms) to which the carrying
on of each class of business contributed to or diminished the
profit or loss of the company and its subsidiaries for the year
before taxation as shown by the companys group accounts
or, if it is not required to prepare group accounts for the year,
by its profit and loss account.
(2) Section 168(5) shall apply to matters required to be included
in the directors annual report by this section as they apply to the matters
required to be included therein by section 168.
Particulars of
different
classes of
business of
company and
its directors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
129 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) This section shall apply to such companies or companies of
such class or classes as the Minister may from time to time prescribe by
reference to its having any of its shares or debentures quoted or dealt
in on a stock exchange in Guyana or in a country which is a Member
State of the Caribbean Community, or by reference to any other matter.
Company Auditor
170. (1) Subject to section 171 individuals only who qualify under
subsection (2) are qualified for appointment as auditors of a company.
(2) An individual qualifies for appointment as auditor, if
(a) he is a member of the Institute of Chartered
Accountants of Guyana, in this section called the Institute,
and holds a practising certificate of the Institute; or
(b) he is for the time being authorised to be appointed as an
auditor of companies under subsection (3).
(3) The Minister may, after consultation with the Institute,
authorise, by instrument in writing, any person to be appointed as an
auditor of companies; if that person
(a) is in the opinion of the Minister suitably qualified for such
an appointment by reason of his knowledge and experience;
and
(b) was in practice in Guyana as an auditor on the
commencement of this Act.
(4) An application for an authorisation, to be appointed as an
auditor of companies under subsection (3) must be made to the Minister
not later than twelve months after the commencement of this Act.
171. (1) Subject to subsection (7), an individual shall not be qualified
to be an auditor of a company if he is not independent of the company,
its affiliated companies, and of the directors and officers of the company
and its affiliated companies.
Auditors
qualifications.
Disqualifica-
tion of auditor.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) For the purposes of this section, whether or not an individual
is independent is a question of fact to be determined having regard to all
the circumstances.
(3) An individual shall be presumed not to be independent of a
company if he or his business partner
(a) is a business partner, a director, an officer or an
employee of the company or any of its affiliates, or a business
partner of any director, officer or employee of any such
company or its affiliates;
(b) beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, a
material interest in the shares or debentures of the company
or any of its affiliates; or
(c) has been a receiver, receiver-manager, liquidator or
trustee in bankruptcy of the company or any of its affiliates
within two years of his proposed appointment as auditor of the
company.
(4) The provision of secretarial services by or on behalf of an
individual or his business partner shall not by itself deprive an individual
or his business partner of his independence for the purposes of this
section.
(5) An auditor who becomes disqualified under this section must,
subject to subsection (7), resign forthwith after he becomes aware of his
disqualification.
(6) An interested person may apply to a court for an order
declaring an auditor disqualified under this section and the office of
auditor vacant.
(7) An interested person may apply to the court for an order
exempting an auditor from disqualification under this section, and the
court may, if it is satisfied that an exemption would not adversely affect
the shareholders, make an exemption order on such terms as it thinks fit,
and the order may be given retroactive effect.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
131 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
172. (1) Subject to section 173, the shareholders of a company must,
by ordinary resolution, at the first annual meeting of shareholders and at
each succeeding annual meeting, appoint an auditor to hold office until
the close of the next annual meeting.
(2) An auditor appointed under section 63 shall be eligible for
appointment under subsection (1)
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), if an auditor is not appointed
at a meeting of shareholders, the incumbent auditor shall continue in
office until his successor is appointed.
(4) The remuneration of an auditor may be fixed by ordinary
resolution of the shareholders or, if not so fixed, it may be fixed by the
directors.
173. (1) The shareholders of a company other than a company
mentioned in section 156(1) may resolve not to appoint an auditor.
(2) A resolution under subsection (1) shall be valid only until the
next succeeding annual meeting of shareholders.
(3) A resolution under subsection (1) shall not be valid unless it
is consented to by all the shareholders, including shareholders not
otherwise entitled to vote.
174. (1) An auditor of a company shall cease to hold office when
(a) he dies or resigns; or
(b) he is removed pursuant to section 175.
(2) A resignation of an auditor shall become effective at the time
a written resignation is sent to the company or at the time specified in
the resignation, whichever is the later date.
175. (1) The shareholders of a company may by ordinary resolution at
a special meeting remove an auditor other than an auditor appointed by
a court order under section 177.
Appointment
of auditor.
Dispensing
with auditor.
Cessation of
office.
Removal of
auditor.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) A vacancy created by the removal of an auditor may be filled
at the meeting at which the auditor is removed or, if the vacancy is not
so filled, it may be filled under section 176.
176. (1) Subject to subsection (3), the directors must forthwith fill a
vacancy in the office of auditor.
(2) If there is not a quorum of directors, the directors then in
office must, within twenty-one days after a vacancy in the office of
auditor occurs, call a special meeting of shareholders to fill the vacancy,
and if they fail to call a meeting or if there are no directors, the meeting
may be called by any shareholder.
(3) The articles of a company may provide that a vacancy in the
office of auditor be filled only by vote of the shareholders.
(4) An auditor appointed to fill a vacancy shall hold office for the
unexpired term of his predecessor.
177. (1) If a company does not have an auditor, the court may, upon
the application of a shareholder or the Registrar, appoint and fix the
remuneration of an auditor, and the auditor shall hold office until an
auditor is appointed by the shareholders.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply if the shareholders have
resolved under section 173 not to appoint an auditor.
178. The auditor of a company shall be entitled to receive notice of
every meeting of the shareholders of the company and, at the expense
of the company, to attend and be heard at the meeting on matters relating
to his duties as auditor.
179. (1) If a shareholder of a company, whether or not he is entitled
to vote at the meeting, or a director of a company gives written notice
to the auditor of the company, not less than ten days before a meeting
of the shareholders of the company, to attend the meeting, the auditor
shall attend the meeting at the expense of the company and answer
questions relating to his duties as auditor or former auditor of the
company.
Filling auditor
vacancy.
Court
appointed
auditor.
Auditor rights
to notices.
Required
attendance.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
133 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) A shareholder or director who sends a notice referred to in
subsection (1) shall, concurrently, send a copy of the notice to the
company.
(3) Subsection (1) shall apply mutatis mutandis to any former
auditor of the company.
180. (1) An auditor who
(a) resigns;
(b) receives a notice or otherwise learns of a meeting of
shareholders called for the purpose of removing him from
office;
(c) receives a notice or otherwise learns of a meeting of
directors or shareholders at which another person is to be
appointed to fill the office of auditor, whether because of the
resignation or removal of the incumbent auditor or because
his term of office has expired or is about to expire; or
(d) receives a notice or otherwise learns of a meeting of
shareholders at which a resolution referred to in section 173
is to be proposed;
may submit to the company a written statement giving the reasons for
his resignation or the reasons why he opposes any proposed action or
resolution.
(2) When it receives a statement referred to in subsection (1), the
company must forthwith send a copy of the statement to every
shareholder entitled to receive notice of any meeting referred to in
section 178 and to the Registrar, unless the statement is included in or
attached to a management proxy circular required by section 146.
(3) No individual may accept appointment, consent to be
appointed or be appointed as auditor of a company if he is replacing an
auditor who has resigned, been removed or whose term of office has
expired or is about to expire, until the individual has requested and
received from the former auditor a written statement of the
circumstances and the reasons why, in that auditors opinion, he is to be
replaced.
Right to
comment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) Notwithstanding subsection (3), an individual otherwise
qualified may accept appointment or consent to be appointed as auditor
of a company if, within fourteen days after making the request referred
to in that subsection, he does not receive a reply to it.
181. (1) An auditor of a company must make the examination that is
in his opinion necessary to enable him to report on the financial
statements required by this Act to be placed before the shareholders.
(2) Notwithstanding section 182, an auditor of a company may
reasonably rely upon the report of an auditor of a body corporate or an
unincorporated business the accounts of which are included in whole or
in part in the financial statements of the company.
(3) For the purpose of subsection (2), reasonableness is a
question of fact.
(4) Subsection (2) shall apply whether or not the financial
statements of the holding company reported upon by the auditor are in
consolidated form.
182. (1) Upon the demand of an auditor of a company, the present or
former directors, officers, employees or agents of the company must
furnish to the auditor
(a) such information and explanations; and
(b) such access to records, documents, books, accounts and
vouchers of the company or any of its subsidiaries,
as are, in the opinion of the auditor, necessary to enable him to make the
examination and report required under section 181 and that the directors,
officers, employees or agents are reasonably able to furnish.
(2) Upon the demand of an auditor of a company, the directors
of the company must
(a) obtain from the present or former directors, officers,
employees or agents of any subsidiary of the company the
information and explanations that the directors, officers,
Examination
by auditor.
Right to
inspect.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
135 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
employees and agents are reasonably able to furnish and that
are, in the opinion of the auditor, necessary to enable him to
make the examination and report required under section 181;
and
(b) furnish the information and explanations so obtained to
the auditor.
183. (1) A director or an officer of a company shall forthwith notify
the companys auditor of any error or mis-statement of which the
director or officer becomes aware in a financial statement that the
auditor or a former auditor of the company has reported upon.
(2) When the auditor or a former auditor of a company is notified
or becomes aware of an error or mis-statement in a financial statement
upon which he has reported to the company and, in his opinion, the error
or mis-statement is material, he shall inform each director of the
company accordingly.
(3) When under subsection (2) the auditor or a former auditor of
a company informs the directors of an error or mis-statement in a
financial statement of the company, the directors shall
(a) prepare and issue revised financial statements; or
(b) otherwise inform the shareholders of the error or mis-
statement;
and, if the company is a public company or one that is required to comply
with section 156, inform the Registrar of the error or mis-statement in
the same manner as the directors inform the shareholders of the error
or mis-statement.
184. Where a company (the holding company) has a subsidiary,
then
(a) if the subsidiary is a company incorporated in Guyana, it
shall be the duty of the subsidiary and its auditors to give to the
auditors of the holding company such information and
explanation as those auditors may reasonably require for the
purposes of their duties as auditors of the holding company;
and
Detected error.
Power of
auditors in
relation to
subsidiaries.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) in any other case, it shall be the duty of the holding
company, if required by its auditors to do so, to take all such
steps as are reasonably open to it to obtain from the subsidiary
such information and explanation as aforesaid.
185. (1) The auditors of a company shall make a report to the
members on the accounts examined by them and on every balance
sheet, every profit and loss account and all group accounts laid before
the company in general meeting during their tenure of office.
(2) The auditors report shall be read before the company in
general meeting and shall be open to inspection by any member.
(3) The report shall state whether in the auditors opinion the
companys balance sheet and profit and loss account and (if it is a holding
company submitting group accounts) the group accounts have been
properly prepared in accordance with the provisions of this Act, and
whether in their opinion a true and fair view is given
(a) in the case of the balance sheet, of the state of the
companys affairs as at the end of its financial year;
(b) in the case of profit and loss account (if it be not framed
as a consolidated profit and loss account), of the companys
profit or loss for its financial year; and
(c) in the case of group accounts submitted by a holding
company, of the state of affairs and profit or loss of the
company and its subsidiaries dealt with thereby, so far as
concerns members of the company.
(4) It shall be the duty of the auditors of a company, in preparing
their report under this section, to carry out such investigations as will
enable them to form an opinion as to the following matters, that is to
say
(a) whether proper books of account have been kept by the
company and proper returns adequate for their audit have
been received from branches not visited by them; and
Auditors
report.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
137 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) whether the companys balance sheet and (unless it is
framed as a consolidated profit and loss account) profit and
loss account are in agreement with the books of accounts and
returns,
and if the auditors are of the opinion that proper books of accounts have
not been kept by the company or that proper returns adequate for their
audit have not been received from branches not visited by them, or if the
balance sheet and (unless it is framed as a consolidated profit and loss
account) profit and loss account are not in agreement with the books of
accounts and returns, the auditors shall state that fact in their report.
(5) If the auditors fail to obtain all the information and
explanations which to the best of their knowledge and belief are
necessary for the purposes of their audit, they shall state that fact in their
report.
186. An auditor shall not be liable to any person in an action for
defamation based on any act done or not done or any statement made
by him in good faith in connection with any matter he is authorised or
required to do under this Act.
DIVISION H
CORPORATE RECORDS
Registered Office of Company
187. (1) A company must at all times have a registered office in
Guyana.
(2) The directors of the company may change the address of the
registered office.
188. (1) At the time of sending articles of incorporation the
incorporators must send to the Registrar, in the prescribed form, notice
of the address of the registered office of the company, and the Registrar
must file the notice.
Privilege of
auditor.
Registered
office.
Notice of
address.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) A company shall, within fifteen days of any change of the
address of its registered office, send to the Registrar a notice in the
prescribed form of the change, which the Registrar must file.
Company Registers and Records
189. (1) A company shall prepare and maintain at its registered office
records containing
(a) the articles and the by-laws, and all amendments
thereto;
(b) minutes of meeting and resolutions of shareholders; and
(c) copies of all notices required by section 67, 75 or 188.
(2) A company shall maintain a register of shareholders showing
the following particulars not later than five weeks after such particulars
are available to the company but the validity of any entry shall not be
affected by reason only that it was made at a later date
(a) the name and the latest known address of each person
who is a shareholder;
(b) a statement of the shares held by each shareholder;
(c) the date on which each person was entered on the
register as a shareholder and the date on which any person
ceased to be a shareholder.
(3) A company that issues debentures shall maintain a register of
debenture holders with an index of the names of the debenture-holders
and showing the following particulars
(a) the name and the latest known address of each
debenture-holder;
(b) the principal of the debentures held by each holder;
(c) the amount or the highest amount of any premium
payable on redemption of the debentures;
(d) the issue price of the debentures and the amount paid up
on the issue price;
(e) the date on which the name of each person was entered
on the register as a debenture-holder; and
Records of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
139 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(f) the date on which each person ceased to be a debenture-
holder.
(4) A company that grants conversion privileges, options, or
rights to acquire shares of the company shall maintain a register showing
the name and the latest known address of each person to whom the
privileges, options or rights have been granted and such other particulars
in respect thereof as are prescribed.
(5) A company shall maintain a register showing in relation to
each director
(a) a statement of his present forename and surname, any
former forename or surname, his usual residential address
and his business occupation (if any);
(b) particulars of other directorships held by the director;
and
(c) who is, or who is to perform the functions of, a managing
director, a statement to that effect.
(6) A company shall maintain a register of its secretary
showing
(a) in the case of an individual, a statement of his present
forename and surname, any former forename or surname,
and his usual residential address;
(b) in the case of a body corporate, a statement of its
corporate name and registered or principal office; and
(c) in the case of a firm, all of whose partners are joint
secretaries, a statement of the name and principal office of
the firm.
(7) A company shall maintain a register showing the required
particulars with respect to any interest in shares in, or debentures of
(a) the company;
(b) any company affiliated with the same group of
companies as the company; or
(c) any associated company of the company,
LAWS OF GUYANA
which is vested in a director of the company or of any company affiliated
with the same group of companies as the company.
(8) For the purposes of subsection (7)
(i) a director in respect of whom any entry is required to
be made in the register shall notify the company in writing
within seven days after the matter occasioning the
requirement of the entry occurs or arises, and shall include
in the notification the particulars which the company is
required to enter in the register in respect of that matter;
(ii) an interest of the wife or husband of a director of a
company (not being himself or herself a director thereof) in
shares or debentures shall be treated as being the directors
interest, and so shall an interest of an infant son or infant
daughter of a director of a company (not being himself or
herself a director thereof) in shares or debentures.
(9) In subsection (8) son or daughter includes a son or daughter
born out of wedlock and wife or husband includes a reputed wife
or reputed husband.
(10)This section shall extend to interest in shares and debentures
vested in a director at the time when he becomes a director, and
subsection 8(1) shall apply in that case with the substitution of a period
of seven days after the director becomes a director for the period of
seven days after the matter occasioning the requirement of an entry
occurs or arises.
(11) A company may appoint an agent to maintain the registers
required by this section to be maintained by the company; but the
registers must be maintained at the registered office of the company or
at some other place in Guyana designated by the directors of the
company.
Records of Trusts
190. (1) Except as provided in this section, notice of a trust, express,
implied or constructive, must not be
Trust notices.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
141 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) entered by a company in any of the registers maintained
by it pursuant to section 189; or
(b) received by the Registrar.
(2) No liabilities shall be affected by anything done in pursuance
of subsection (3), (4) or (5), and the company concerned shall not be
affected with notice of any trust by reason of anything so done.
(3) A personal representative of the estate of a deceased
individual who was registered in a register of a company as a
shareholder or debenture-holder may become registered as the holder
of that share or debenture as personal representative of that estate.
(4) A personal representative of the estate of a deceased
individual who was beneficially entitled to a share or debenture of the
company that is registered in a register of the company may, with the
consent of the company and of the registered shareholder or debenture-
holder, become the registered shareholder or debenture-holder as the
personal representative of the estate.
(5) When a personal representative of an estate of a deceased
individual is registered pursuant to subsection (3) or (4) as a holder of a
share or debenture of a company, the personal representative shall, in
respect of that share or debenture, be subject to the same liabilities and
no more than he would be subject to had the share or debenture remained
registered in the name of the deceased individual.
Minutes and Other Records
191. (1) In addition to the records described in section 189, a company
shall prepare and maintain adequate records containing minutes of
meetings and resolutions of the directors and any committees of the
directors.
(2) The records required under subsection (1) shall be kept at the
registered office of the company or at some other place in Guyana
designated by the directors; and those records must at all reasonable
times be available for inspection by the directors.
Other records.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) For the purposes of section 189(1) (b) and of this section,
when a former-Act company is continued under this Act, records
includes similar registers and other records required by law to be
maintained by the company before it was continued under this Act.
Form of Records
192. All records required by this Act to be prepared and maintained
(a) may be in a bound or loose-leaf form or in a photographic
film form; or
(b) may be entered or recorded
(i) by any system of mechanical or electronic data
processing; or
(ii) by any other information storage device,
that is capable of reproducing any required information in intelligible
written form within a reasonable time.
Care of Records
193. A company and its agents shall take reasonable precautions
(a) to prevent loss or destruction of;
(b) to prevent falsification of entries in; and
(c) to facilitate detection and correction of inaccuracies in,
the records required by this Act to be prepared and maintained in respect
of the company.
Access to Records
194. (1) The directors and shareholders of a company and their agents
and legal representatives may, during the usual business hours of the
company, examine the records of the company referred to in section 189
free of charge.
Records form.
Duty of care
for records.
Access to
records.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
143 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) A shareholder of a company or other person may request the
company to furnish him with a copy of the register of members or any
part thereof upon the payment in advance of a reasonable fee.
(3) The creditors of a company and their agents and legal
representatives may, during the usual business hours of the company
and upon payment of a reasonable fee, examine the records referred to
in section 189(1)(a) and (c), (2), (3) and (4) and make copies of those
records or take extracts therefrom.
(4) Any person may, during the usual business hours of the
company and upon payment of a reasonable fee, examine the records
of the company referred to in section 189(1)(c), (2), (3) and (4) and make
copies of those records or take extracts therefrom.
(5) Where a request is made to a company pursuant to subsection
(2) the company shall cause any copy required by the person concerned
to be sent to the person within a period of ten days commencing on the
day next after the day on which the request is received by the company.
Shareholders Lists
195. (1) Upon payment of a reasonable fee and sending to a public
company or its transfer agent the affidavit referred to in subsection (4),
any person may upon application require the company or its transfer
agent to furnish him, within fourteen days from the receipt of the
affidavit, a list of shareholders of the company, (in this section referred
to as the basic list), made up to a date not more than thirty days before
the date of receipt of the affidavit, which must set out
(a) the names of the shareholders of the company;
(b) the number of shares held by each shareholder; and
(c) the address of each shareholder as shown on the records
of the company.
(2) When a person requiring a basic list from a public company
states in the affidavit referred to in subsection (4) that he requires
supplemental lists from the company, he may, upon payment of a
Basic list of
shareholders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
reasonable fee, require the company or its transfer agent to furnish him
with supplemental lists of the shareholders, which must set out any
changes from the basic list
(a) in the names or addresses of the shareholders; and
(b) in the number of shares held by each shareholder,
for each business day following the date to which the basic list
is made up.
(3) When a supplemental list has been required from a public
company under subsection (2) by any person, the company or its transfer
agent must furnish that person with a supplemental list
(a) on the date the basic list is furnished, if the information
relates to changes that took place before that date; and
(b) on the business day following the day to which the
supplemental list relates, if the information relates to changes
that take place on or after the date the basic list is furnished.
(4) The affidavit required under subsection (1) must state
(a) the name and address of the applicant;
(b) the name and address for service of the body corporate,
if the applicant is a body corporate; and
(c) that the basic list and any supplemental list obtained
pursuant to subsection (2) will not be used except as permitted
under section 197.
(5) If the applicant is a body corporate, the affidavit must be
made by a director or officer of the body corporate.
196. A person requiring under section 195 that a company supply a
basic list or a supplemental list may also require the company to include
in any such list the name and address of any known holder of an option
or right to acquire shares of the company.
Options list.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
145 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
197. A list of shareholders obtained under section 195 from a company
shall not be used by any person except in connection with
(a) an effort to influence the voting of shareholders of the
company;
(b) an offer to acquire shares in the company; or
(c) any other matter relating to the affairs of the company.
198. (1) A company shall keep a register in which it shall enter
(a) in alphabetical order the names of persons from whom
it has received a notice under section 126; and
(b) against each name so entered, the information given in
the notice and, where it receives a notice under section 127,
the information given in that notice.
(2) The register shall be kept at the registered office of the
company, but if the work of making it up is done at another office, within
Guyana, it may be kept at that office.
(3) The register shall be open for inspection by a member of the
company without charge and by any other person on payment for each
inspection of a reasonable fee.
(4) A person may request the company to furnish him with a copy
of the register or any part of the register on payment in advance of a
reasonable fee and the company shall send the copy to that person within
fourteen days after the day on which the request is received by the
company.
(5) The Registrar may at any time in writing require the company
to furnish him with a copy of the register or any part of the register and
the company shall furnish the copy within fourteen days after the day on
which the requirement is received by the company.
(6) A company shall not, by reason of anything done under this
section
(a) be taken for any purpose to have notice of; or
Restricted use
of lists.
Company to
keep register
of substantial
shareholders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) be put upon inquiry as to,
a right of a person to or in relation to a share in the company.
DIVISION I
TRANSFER OF SHARES AND DEBENTURES
199. (1) The shares or debentures of a company may be transferred
by a written instrument of transfer signed by the transferor and naming
the transferee.
(2) Where an instrument of transfer is prescribed in the by-laws
of a company, that instrument must be used to transfer the shares or
debentures of the company.
(3) Subject to subsection (2) and to any enactment, no particular
form of words shall be necessary to transfer shares or debentures, if
words are used that show with reasonable certainty that the person
signing the transfer intends to vest the title to the shares or debentures
in the transferee.
(4) Subject to subsection (5) and to any enactment, the beneficial
ownership of the shares or debentures of a company shall pass to a
transferee
(a) on the delivery to him of the instrument of transfer signed
by the transferor and of the transferors share certificate or
debenture, as the case may be; or
(b) on the delivery to him of an instrument of transfer signed
by the transferor that has been certified by or on behalf of the
company or by or on behalf of a stock or securities exchange
in Guyana.
(5) If the transferor concerned is not registered with the
company in respect of the shares or, as the case may be, the debentures,
subsection (4) shall have effect as if references to the transfer signed
Transfer of
shares or
debentures.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
147 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
by the transferor included a reference to transfers signed by the person
so registered and all holders of the shares or debentures intermediate
between the person so registered and the transferor.
(6) Notwithstanding subsection (4) or (5), a company and, in the
case of debentures, the trustee of the covering trust deed, shall not be
bound or entitled to treat the transferee of shares or debentures as the
owner of them until the transfer to him has been registered or until the
court orders the registration of the transfer to him, and until the transfer
is presented to the company for registration, the company shall not be
treated as having notice of the transferees interest thereunder or of the
fact that the transfer has been made.
(7) This section shall apply notwithstanding anything contained in
the articles or by-laws of a company and notwithstanding anything
contained in any debenture trust deed or debentures or any contract or
instrument.
200. (1) No restriction or condition in a debenture trust deed or in a
debenture shall limit the right of any person to transfer the debenture held
by him.
(2) A transfer of the shares or debentures of a shareholder or
debenture-holder of a company made by
(a) his personal representative;
(b) a trustee in bankruptcy;
(c) a receiver appointed by or for the benefit of debenture-
holders;
(d) a receiver or other person appointed by the court to
administer the estate of a person of unsound mind;
(e) the guardian of a minor; or
(f) a person appointed by the court to execute the transfer,
shall, although the person executing the transfer is not himself registered
with the company as the holder of the shares or debentures, as the case
may be, be valid as if he had been so registered at the time of the
execution of the instrument of transfer.
Restrictions on
transfers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) A restriction on the right of a shareholder to transfer his
shares in a company contained in the articles of incorporation or by-laws
of the company shall be invalid if its effect in any particular case is to limit
the persons to whom, or the times or prices at which, the shareholder
may transfer his shares so that there is no reasonable likelihood of the
shareholder being able to sell them within a reasonable time at a fair
price.
(4) This section shall apply in respect of a company
notwithstanding anything contained in the articles or by-laws of the
company, and notwithstanding anything contained in any trust deed or
debentures or any contract or instrument relating to the shares or
debentures of the company.
201. (1) A company must issue a certification of the transfer of a
share or debenture on the presentation to the company of a transfer that
is signed by the holder of the share or debenture and accompanied by
delivery to the company of the share certificate or debenture.
(2) A certification shall consist of a statement signed on behalf
of the company and written or endorsed on the transfer to the effect that
the share certificate or debenture, as the case may be, has been
delivered to or lodged with the company.
(3) The certification by a company of any transfer of a share in
or debenture of the company
(a) shall be taken as a representation by the company to any
person acting on the faith of the certification that there have
been produced to the company such documents as on the face
of them show a prima facie title to the share or debenture in
the transferor named in the transfer; but
(b) shall not be taken as a representation that the transferor
has any title to the share or debenture.
(4) Where any person acts on the faith of a false certification by
a company made fraudulently or negligently, the company shall be liable
to compensate him for any loss he incurs in consequence of his so acting.
Duty to issue
certifications
of transfers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
149 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(5) A company that has issued a certification of a transfer of a
share or debenture of the company shall be liable to compensate any
person for loss that he incurs in consequence of the company
subsequently releasing, otherwise than on surrender of the certification
of the transfer of the share or debenture, possession of the share
certificate or debenture in respect of which the certification was issued.
(a) the certification of a transfer shall be deemed to be made
by a company if
(i) the person issuing the certification is a person
authorised to issue certifications of transfers on the
companys behalf; and
(ii) the certification is signed by a person authorised to
issue certifications of transfers on the companys behalf, or
by any other officer or employee either of the company or
of a body corporate so authorised;
and
(b) a certification shall be deemed to be signed by a person
if it purports to be authenticated by his signature or initials,
whether handwritten or not, unless the signature or initials
were placed on the certification neither by that person nor any
person authorised to use the signature or initials for the
purpose of issuing certifications of transfers on the
companys behalf.
202. (1) A company must, within five weeks after the allotment of any
of its shares or debentures, and within two months after the date on
which a transfer of any of its shares or debentures is presented to the
company for registration, complete and have ready for delivery to the
allottee or transferee a proper certificate or debenture for any share or
debenture allotted or transferred to him.
Transfer
certificate.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) When a company on which a notice is served requiring the
company to make good any default in complying with subsection (1) fails
to make good the default within seven days after the service of the
notice, the court may, on the application of the person entitled to have
a certificate or debenture delivered to him, make an order directing the
company and any officer of the company to make good the default within
such time as may be specified in the order; and the order may provide
that all costs incidental to the application be borne by the company and
any officer of the company responsible for the default.
(3) For the purposes of this section transfer means a transfer
in proper form duly signed by the transferor and transferee and
otherwise valid, and shall not include a transfer that the company is for
any reason entitled to refuse to register and does not register.
203. (1) Notwithstanding anything in the articles or by-laws of a
company or in any debenture, trust deed or other contract or instrument,
the company shall not register a transfer of any share or debenture of
the company unless a transfer in proper form and duly signed by the
transferor and transferee has been delivered to the company, but nothing
in this section shall affect any duty of the company to register as a
shareholder or debenture-holder of the company any person to whom
the ownership of any share or debenture of the company has been
transmitted by operation of law.
(2) On the application of the transferor of any share or debenture
of a company, the company must enter in its register of shareholders or
debenture-holders, as the case requires, the name of the transferee in
the same manner and subject to the same conditions as if the application
for the entry had been made by the transferee.
(3) If a company refuses to register a transfer of any shares or
debentures, the company must, within five weeks after the date on
which the transfer was lodged with the company, send to the transferor
and the transferee notice of the refusal setting out in the notice the facts
which it considers justify the refusal.
Registration of
transfers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
151 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) Notwithstanding anything in the articles or by-laws of a
company or in any debenture, trust deed or other contract or instrument,
a company must register the trustee in bankruptcy or the personal
representative of a shareholder or debenture-holder as a shareholder in
respect of the shares or as holder of the debentures of the bankrupt or,
as the case may be, the deceased person, in its register of shareholders
or debenture-holders, as the case may be, within seven days after he
produces to the company satisfactory evidence of his title and requests
it to register him as a shareholder or debenture-holder.
204. (1) A certificate issued by a company and signed on its behalf
stating that any shares or debentures of the company are held by any
person shall be prima facie proof of the title of that person to the shares
or debentures.
(2) The registration of a person as a shareholder or debenture-
holder of a company, or the issue of a share certificate or debenture, shall
constitute a representation by the company that the person so registered,
or the person named in the share certificate or debenture as entitled to
the shares or debentures mentioned therein, is entitled to the shares or
debentures mentioned in the register or in the share certificate or
debenture, and the company may not deny the truth of that
representation as against a person who believes it to be true and
contracts to acquire the shares or debentures or any interest therein in
good faith and for money or moneys worth.
(3) It shall be no defence for a company to show for the purposes
of subsection (2) that a registration or the issue of a share certificate or
other document was procured by fraud or by the presentation to it of a
forged document.
(4) Subsections (2) and (3) shall not apply in respect of
certificates issued by a former-Act company before the
Effect of
certificate.
LAWS OF GUYANA
DIVISION J
TAKE-OVER BIDS
205. In this Division
dissenting offeree, if a take-over bid is made for all the shares of a
class of shares
(i) means a shareholder of that class of share who does
not accept the take-over bid; and
(ii) includes a subsequent holder of that share who
acquired it from the person mentioned in subparagraph (i);
offer includes an invitation to make an offer;
offeree means a person to whom a take-over bid is made;
offeree company means a company whose shares are the object of
a take-over bid;
offeror means a person who makes a take-over bid otherwise than as
an agent and includes two or more persons who, directly or
indirectly
(i) make take-over bids jointly or in concert; or
(ii) intend to exercise, jointly or in concert, voting rights
attached to shares for which a take-over bid is made;
share means a share with voting rights, and includes
(i) a debenture currently convertible into such a share;
and
(ii) currently exercisable options and rights to acquire a
share or such a convertible debenture;
Definitions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
153 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
take-over bid means an offer made by an offeror to shareholders of
an offeree company to acquire all the shares of any class of issued
shares of the offeree-company, and includes every offer by an
issuer to repurchase its own shares.
206. If, within one hundred and twenty days after the date of a take-
over bid, the bid is accepted by the holders of not less than ninety per cent
of the shares of any class of shares to which the take-over bid relates,
other than shares held at the date of the take-over bid by or on behalf
of the offeror or an affiliate or associate of the offeror, the offeror may,
upon complying with this Division, acquire the shares held by the
dissenting offerees.
207. An offeror may acquire shares held by a dissenting offeree by
sending, by registered post, within sixty days after the date of termination
of the take-over bid and in any event within one hundred and eighty days
after the date of the take-over bid, an offerors notice to each dissenting
offeree and to the Registrar stating
(a) that offerees who are holding ninety per cent or more of
the shares to which the bid relates accepted the take-over bid;
(b) that the offeror is bound to take up and pay for or has
taken up and paid for the shares of the offerees who accepted
the take-over bid;
(c) that a dissenting offeree is required to elect
(i) to transfer his shares to the offeror on the terms on
which the offeror acquired the shares of the offerees who
accepted the take-over bid; or
(ii) to demand payment of the fair value of his shares in
accordance with sections 213 to 216 by notifying the offeror
within twenty days after the dissenting offeree receives the
offerors notice;
(d) that a dissenting offeree who does not notify the offeror
in accordance with subparagraph (ii) of paragraph (c) shall be
presumed to have elected to transfer his shares to the offeror
on the same terms as the offeror acquired the shares from the
offerees who accepted the take-over bid; and
Offeror rights.
Notice to
dissenting
shareholders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(e) that a dissenting offeree must send those shares of his
to which the take-over bid relates to the offeree-company
within twenty days after he receives the offerors notice.
208. Concurrently with sending the offerors notice under section 207,
the offeror must send to the offeree-company a notice of adverse claim
with respect to each share held by a dissenting offeree.
209. A dissenting offeree to whom an offerors notice is sent under
section 207 must, within twenty days after he receives that notice, send
the share certificate of his for the class of shares to which the take-over
bid relates to the offeree-company.
210. Within twenty days after the offeror sends an offerors notice
under section 207, the offeror must pay or transfer to the offeree-
company the amount of money or other consideration that the offeror
would have had to pay or transfer to a dissenting offeree if the dissenting
offeree had elected, under section 207(c)(i) to accept the take-over bid.
211. The offeree-company shall hold in trust for the dissenting
shareholders the money or other consideration it receives under section
210, and the offeree-company must deposit the money in a separate
account in a bank and must place the other consideration in the custody
of a bank.
212. Within thirty days after the offeror sends an offerors notice
under section 207, the offeree-company must
(a) issue the offeror a share certificate in respect of the
shares that were held by dissenting offerees;
(b) give to each dissenting offeree who
(i) under section 207(c)(i) elects to accept the take-over
bid; and
(ii) sends his share certificates as required under section
209,
the money or other consideration to which he is entitled, disregarding
fractional shares, which may be paid for in money; and
Adverse
claims.
Delivery of
certificates.
Payment for
shares.
Money in
trust.
Duty of
offeree-
company
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
155 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(c) send to each dissenting shareholder who has not sent his
share certificates as required under section 209 a notice
stating that
(i) his shares have been cancelled;
(ii) the offeree-company or some designated person
holds in trust for him the money or other consideration to
which he is entitled as payment for or in exchange for his
shares; and
(iii) the offeree-company will, subject to sections 213 to
215, send that money or other consideration to him forthwith
after receiving his shares.
213. (1) If a dissenting offeree has, under section 207(c)(ii), elected
to demand payment of the fair value of his shares, the offeror may, within
twenty days after it has paid the money or transferred the other
consideration under section 210, apply to the court to fix the fair value
of the shares of that dissenting offeree.
(2) If an offeror fails to apply to the court under subsection (1),
a dissenting offeree may, within a further period of twenty days, apply
to the court to fix the fair value of the shares of the dissenting
shareholder.
(3) If no application is made to the court under subsection (2)
within the time provided therefor in that subsection, a dissenting offeree
shall thereby elect to transfer his shares to the offeror on the same terms
as the offeror acquired the shares from the offerees who accepted the
take-over bid.
214. Upon an application under section 213
(a) all dissenting offerees referred to in section 207(c)(ii)
whose shares have not been acquired by the offeror shall be
joined as parties and shall be bound by the decision of the
court; and
Application to
court.
Joined parties.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the offeror must notify each affected dissenting offeree
of the date, place and consequences of the application and of
the offerees right to appear and be heard in person or by
attorney-at-law.
215. (1) Upon an application to the court under section 213, the court
may determine whether any other person is a dissenting offeree who
should be joined as a party, and the court must then fix a fair value for
the shares of all dissenting offerees.
(2) The court may appoint one or more appraisers to assist the
court to fix a fair value for the shares of a dissenting offeree.
(3) The final order of the court must be made in favour of each
dissenting offeree against the offeror and be for the amount of the
offerees shares as fixed by the court.
216. In connection with proceedings under this Division, the court may
make any order it thinks fit and, in particular, it may
(a) fix the amount of money or other consideration that is
required to be held in trust under section 211 ;
(b) order that the money or other consideration be held in
trust by a person other than the offeree company;
(c) allow to each dissenting offeree, from the date he sends
or delivers his share certificates under section 209 until the
date of payment, a reasonable rate of interest on the amount
payable to him; or
(d) order that any money payable to a shareholder who
cannot be found be paid into the Consolidated Fund.
DIVISION K
ARRANGEMENTS AND RECONSTRUCTION
217. (1) Where a compromise or arrangement is proposed between a
company and its creditors or any class of them, or between the company
and its members or any class of them, the Court may, on the application
of the company or of any creditor or member of the company, or, in the
Powers and
order of court.
Additional
orders.
Power to
compromise
with creditors
and members.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
157 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
case of a company being wound up of the liquidator, order a meeting of
the creditors or class of creditors, or of the members of the company or
class of members, as the case may be, to be summoned in such manner
as the court directs.
(2) If a majority in number representing three-fourths in value of
the creditors or class of creditors, or members or class of members, as
the case may be, present and voting either in person or by proxy at the
meeting agree to any compromise or arrangement, the compromise or
arrangement shall, if sanctioned by the court, be binding on all the
creditors or the class of creditors or the members or class of members,
as the case may be, and also on the company or, in the case of a company
in the course of being wound up, on the liquidator and contributories of
the company.
(3) An order made under subsection (2) shall have no effect until
a copy of the order has been lodged with the Registrar for registration,
and a copy of every such order shall be annexed to every copy of the
articles of incorporation of the company issued after the order has been
made or, in the case of a company not having articles of incorporation,
of every copy so issued of the instrument constituting or defining the
constitution of the company.
(4) In this section and in section 218, company means any
company liable to be wound up under this Act, and the expression
arrangement includes a reorganisation of the share capital of the
company by the consolidation of shares of different classes or by the
division of shares into shares of different classes or by both of those
methods.
218. (1) Where a meeting is summoned under section 217 there
shall
(a) with every notice summoning the meeting which is sent
to a creditor or member, be sent also a statement explaining
the effect of the compromise or arrangement and in particular
stating any material interests of the directors of the company,
whether as directors or as members or as creditors of the
company or otherwise, and the effect thereon, of the
Information as
to compro-
mises with
creditors and
members.
LAWS OF GUYANA
compromise or arrangement, in so far as it is different from
the effect on the like interests of other persons; and
(b) in every notice summoning the meeting which is given by
advertisement, be included either such a statement or a
notification of the place at which and the manner in which
creditors or members entitled to attend the meeting may
obtain copies of such a statement.
(2) Where the compromise or arrangement affects the rights of
debenture holders of the company, the statement shall give the like
explanation with respect to the trustee of any deed for securing the issue
of the debentures as, under subsection (1), a statement is required to give
with respect to the directors.
(3) Where a notice given by advertisement includes a notification
that copies of a statement explaining the effect of the compromise or
arrangement proposed can be obtained by creditors or members entitled
to attend the meeting, every such creditor or member shall, on making
application in the manner indicated by the notice, be furnished by the
company free of charge with a copy of the statement.
(4) Each director and each trustee for debenture holders shall
give notice to the company of such matters relating to the company as
may be necessary for the purposes of this section.
219. (1) Where an application is made to the court under section 217
for the sanctioning of a compromise or arrangement proposed between
a company and any such persons as are mentioned in that section, and
it is shown to the court that the compromise or arrangement has been
proposed for the purposes of or in connection with a scheme for the
reconstruction of any company or companies or the amalgamation of
any two or more companies, and that under the scheme the whole or any
part of the undertaking or the property of any company concerned in the
scheme (in this section referred to as a transferor company) is to be
transferred to another company (in this section referred to as the
transferee company), the court may, either by the order sanctioning the
compromise or arrangement or by any subsequent order, make provision
for all or any of the following matters, namely
Provisions for
facilitating
reconstruction
and amalgama-
tion of
companies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
159 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) the transfer to the transferee company of the whole or
any part of the undertaking and of the property or liabilities of
any transferor company;
(b) the allotting or appropriation by the transferee company
of any shares, debentures, policies or other like interests in
that company which under the compromise or arrangement
are to be allotted or appropriated by that company to or for any
person;
(c) the continuation by or against the transferee company of
any legal proceedings pending by or against any transferor
company;
(d) the dissolution, without winding up, of any transferor
company;
(e) the provision to be made for any persons, who within
such time and in such manner as the court directs, dissent
from the compromise or arrangement; or
(f) such incidental, consequential and supplemental matters
as are necessary to secure that the reconstruction or
amalgamation shall be fully and effectively carried out.
(2) Where an order made under this section for the transfer of
property or liabilities, that property shall, by virtue of the order, be
transferred to and become the liabilities of, the transferee company, and
in the case of any property, if the order so directs, free from any charge
which is by virtue of the compromise or arrangement to cease to have
effect.
(3) Where an order is made under this section, every company
in relation to which the order is made shall cause a copy thereof to be
lodged with the Registrar for registration within seven days after the
making of the order.
(4) In this section the expression property includes property,
rights and powers of every description, and the expression liabilities
includes duties.
LAWS OF GUYANA
220. (1) Where a scheme or contract (not being a take-over bid under
Division J) involving the transfer of shares or any class of shares in a
company (in this section referred to as the transferor company) to
another company (in this section referred to as the transferee
company), has, within four months after the making of the offer in that
behalf by the transferee company been approved by the holders of not
less than ninety per cent in number of the shares whose transfer is
involved (other than shares held at the date of the offer by, or by a
nominee for, the transferee company or its subsidiary), the transferee
company may, at any time within two months after the expiration of that
four months, give notice in the prescribed manner to any dissenting
shareholder that it desires to acquire his shares, and when such a notice
is given the transferee company shall, unless on an application made by
the dissenting shareholder within one month from the date on which the
notice was given the court thinks fit to order otherwise, be entitled and
bound to acquire those shares on the terms on which, under the scheme
or contract, the shares of the approving shareholders are to be
transferred to the transferee company.
(2) Where shares in the transferor company of the same class or
classes as the shares whose transfer is involved are already held as
provided in subsection (1) to a number greater than ten per cent of the
aggregate of their number and that of the shares (other than those
already so held) whose transfer is involved the provisions of subsection
(1) shall not apply unless
(a) the transferee company offers the same terms to all
holders of the shares (other than those already so held) whose
transfer is involved, or, where those shares include shares of
different classes, of each class of them; and
(b) the holders who approve the scheme or contract besides
holding not less than ninety per cent in number of the shares
(other than those already so held) whose transfer is involved,
are not less than three-fourths in number of the holders of
those shares.
(3) Where, in pursuance of any such scheme or contract, shares
in a company are transferred to another company or its nominee, and
those shares together with any other shares in the first-mentioned
Power to
acquire shares
of shareholders
dissenting
from scheme
or contract
approved by
majority.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
161 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
company held by, or by a nominee for, the transferee company or its
subsidiary at the date of the transfer comprise or include ninety per cent
in number of the shares in the first-mentioned company or of any class
of those shares, then
(a) the transferee company shall, within one month from the
date of the transfer (unless on a previous transfer in
pursuance of the scheme or contract it has already complied
with this requirement), give notice of that fact in the
prescribed manner to the holders of the remaining shares or
of the remaining shares of that class, as the case may be, who
have not assented to the scheme or contract; and
(b) any such holder may within three months from the giving
of the notice to him require the transferee company to acquire
the shares in question,
and where a shareholder gives notice under paragraph (b) with respect
to any shares, the transferee company shall be entitled and bound to
acquire those shares on the terms on which under the scheme or
contract the shares of the approving shareholders were transferred to
it, or on such other terms as may be agreed or as the court on the
application of either the transferee company or the shareholder thinks
fit to order.
(4) Where a notice has been given by the transferee company
under subsection (1) and the court has not, on an application made by the
dissenting shareholder, ordered to the contrary, the transferee company
shall, on the expiration of one month from the date on which the notice
has been given, or, if an application to the court by the dissenting
shareholder is then pending, after that application has been disposed of,
transmit a copy of the notice to the transferor company together with an
instrument of transfer executed on behalf of the shareholder by any
person appointed by the transferee company and on its own behalf by
the transferee company, and pay or transfer to the transferor company
the amount or other consideration representing the price payable by the
transferee company for the shares which by virtue of this section that
company is entitled to acquire, and the transferor company shall
thereupon register the transferee company as the holder of those shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(5) Any sums received by the transferor company under this
section shall be paid into a separate bank account, and any such sums
and any other consideration so received shall be held by that company
on trust for the several persons entitled to the shares in respect of which
the said sums or other consideration were respectively received.
(6) In this section, dissenting shareholder includes a
shareholder who has not assented to the scheme or contract and any
shareholder who has failed or refused to transfer his shares to the
transferee company in accordance with the scheme or contract.
(7) In relation to an offer made by the transferee company to
shareholders of the transferor company before the commencement of
this Act, this section shall have effect
(a) with the substitution, in subsection (1), for the words the
shares whose transfer is involved (other than shares already
held at the date of the offer by, or by a nominee for, the
transferee company or its subsidiary), of the words the
shares affected;
(b) with the omission of subsections (2) and (3); and
(c) with the omission, in subsection (4) of the words
together with an instrument of transfer executed on behalf
of the shareholder by any person appointed by the transferee
company and on its own behalf by the transferee company.
(8) Where the shares in a company are not divided into two or
more classes, those shares shall, for the purposes of this section, be
deemed to constitute a class.
DIVISION L
CIVIL REMEDIES
221. In this Part
action means an action under this Act;
complainant means
Definitions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
163 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(i) a shareholder or debenture-holder, or a former
holder of a share or debenture of a company or any of its
affiliates;
(ii) a director or an officer or former director or officer
of a company or any of its affiliates;
(iii) the Registrar; or
(iv) any other person who, in the discretion of the court,
is a proper person to make an application under this part.
Derivative Actions
222. (1) Subject to subsection (2), a complainant may, for the purpose
of prosecuting, defending or discontinuing an action on behalf of a
company, apply to the court for leave to bring an action in the name and
on behalf of the company or any of its subsidiaries, or intervene in an
action to which any such company or any of its subsidiaries is a party.
(2) No action may be brought and no intervention in an action
may be made under subsection (1) unless the court is satisfied
(a) that the complainant has given reasonable notice to the
directors of the company or its subsidiary of his intention to
apply to the court under subsection (1) if the directors of the
company or its subsidiary do not bring, diligently prosecute or
defend or discontinue the action;
(b) that the complainant is acting in good faith; and
(c) that it appears to be in the interest of the company or its
subsidiary that the action be brought, prosecuted, defended or
discontinued.
223. In connection with an action brought or intervened in under
section 222, the court may at any time make any order it thinks fit,
including
(a) an order authorising the complainant, the Registrar or
any other person to control the conduct of the action;
(b) an order giving directions for the conduct of the action;
(c) an order directing that any amount adjudged payable by
a defendant in the action shall be paid, in whole or in part,
directly to former and present shareholders or debenture-
Derivative
actions.
Power of
court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
holders of the company or its subsidiary instead of to the
company or its subsidiary; or
(d) an order requiring the company or its subsidiary to pay
reasonable legal fees incurred by the complainant in
connection with the action.
Restraining Oppression
224. (1) This Division shall apply in relation to any external company
carrying on business within Guyana as it applies in relation to a company.
(2) A complainant may apply to the court for an order under this
section.
(3) If, upon an application under subsection (2), the court is
satisfied that in respect of a company or any of its affiliates
(a) any act or omission of the company or any of its affiliates
effects a result;
(b) the business or affairs of the company or any of its
affiliates are or have been carried on or conducted in a
manner; or
(c) the powers of the directors of the company or any of its
affiliates are or have been exercised in a manner,
that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or that unfairly disregards the
interests of any shareholder or debenture-holder, creditor, director or
officer of the company, the court may make an order to rectify the
matters complained of.
(4) It is not necessary to establish a course of conduct by a
company or any of its affiliates in order to establish under subsection 3(a)
or (c) that the affairs of a company are being conducted in a manner
oppressive to the complainant.
(5) In connection with an application under this section, the court
may make any interim or final order it thinks fit, including
(a) an order restraining the conduct complained of;
Oppression
restraining.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
165 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) an order appointing a receiver or receiver-manager;
(c) an order to regulate a companys affairs by amending its
articles or by-laws;
(d) an order directing an issue or exchange of shares or
debentures;
(e) an order appointing directors in place of or in addition to
all or any of the directors then in office;
(f) an order directing a company, subject to subsection (8),
or any person, to purchase shares or debentures of a holder
thereof;
(g) an order directing a company, subject to subsection (8),
or any other person, to pay to a shareholder or debenture-
holder any part of the moneys paid by him for his shares or
debentures;
(h) an order varying or setting aside a transaction or
contract to which a company is a party and compensating the
company or any other party to the transaction or contract;
(i) an order requiring a company, within a time specified by
the court, to produce to the court or an interested person
financial statements in the form required by section 153 or an
accounting in such other form as the court may determine;
(j) an order compensating an aggrieved person;
(k) an order directing rectification of the registers or other
records of a company under section 227;
(l) an order that the company be wound up;
(m) an order directing an investigation under Division B of
Part VI to be made; or
(n) an order requiring the trial of any issue.
(6) If an order made under this section directs the amendment of
the articles or by-laws of a company
(a) the company concerned shall not have power without
the leave of the court to make any further alteration in or
addition to the articles of incorporation of the company
inconsistent with the provisions of the order; and
(b) subject to paragraph (a), any amendment made by the
order shall be of the same effect as if duly made by resolution
of the company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(7) A shareholder shall not be entitled under paragraph 14 of the
Fourth Schedule to dissent if an amendment to the articles is effected
under this section.
(8) A company shall not make a payment to a shareholder under
paragraph (f) or (g) of subsection (5) if there are reasonable grounds for
believing that
(a) the company is unable or would, after that payment, be
unable to pay its liabilities as they become due; or
(9) Where an order that the company be wound up is made
pursuant to subsection 5(1), the provisions of this Act relating to the
winding up of a company shall, with such adaptations as are necessary,
apply as if the order had been made in proceedings in the court
commenced by the company.
225. (1) An application made or an action brought or intervened in
under this Part may not be stayed or dismissed by reason only that it is
shown that an alleged breach of a right or duty owed to the company or
its subsidiary has been or might be approved by the shareholders of the
company or its subsidiary; but evidence of approval by the shareholders
may be taken into account by the court in making an order under section
223 or 224.
(2) An application made or an action brought or intervened in
under this Part may not be stayed, discontinued, settled or dismissed for
want of prosecution without the approval of the court given upon such
terms as the court thinks fit; and, if the court determines that the interests
of any complainant could be substantially affected by the stay,
discontinuance, settlement or dismissal, the court may order any party
to the application or action to give notice to the complainant.
Staying action.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
167 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
226. (1) In an application made or an action brought or intervened in
under this Part, the court may at any time order the company or its
subsidiary to pay to the complainant interim costs, including legal fees
and disbursements, but the complainant may be held accountable for
those interim costs upon the final disposition of the application or action.
(2) A complainant shall not be required to give security for costs
in any application made, or an action brought or intervened in, under or
pursuant to any provision in this Division.
227. (1) If the name of a person is alleged to be or to have been
wrongly entered or retained in, or wrongly deleted or omitted from, the
registers or other records of a company, the company, a shareholder or
debenture-holder of the company or any aggrieved person may apply to
the court for an order that the registers or records of the company be
rectified.
(2) An applicant under this section must give the Registrar notice
of the application, and the Registrar shall be entitled to appear and be
heard in person or by an attorney-at-law.
(3) In connection with an application under this section, the court
may make any order it thinks fit including
(a) an order requiring the registers or other records of the
company to be rectified;
(b) an order restraining the company from calling or holding
a meeting of shareholders or paying a dividend before that
rectification;
(c) an order determining the right of a party to the
proceedings to have his name entered or retained in, or
deleted or omitted from the registers or records of the
company, whether the issue arises between two or more
shareholders or debenture-holders or alleged shareholders or
alleged debenture-holders, or between the company and any
shareholders or debenture-holders or alleged shareholders or
alleged debenture-holders; and
(d) an order compensating a party who has incurred a loss.
Interim costs.
Rectification
of records.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Other Remedial Actions
228. The Registrar may apply to the court for directions in respect of
any matter concerning his duties under this Act, and on the application
the court may give such directions and make such further order as it
thinks fit.
229. (1) When the Registrar refuses to file any articles or other
document required by this Act to be filed by him before the articles or
other document become effective, the Registrar must
(a) within sixty days after the receipt thereof by him or sixty
days after he receives any approval required under any other
Act, whichever is the later date; and
(b) after giving the person who sent the articles or document
an opportunity to be heard,
give written notice of the refusal to that person together with the reasons
for the refusal.
(2) If the Registrar does not file or give written notice of his
refusal to file any articles or document within the time limited therefor
in subsection (1), then, for the purposes of section 230, the Registrar has
refused to file the articles or document.
230. A person who feels aggrieved by a decision of the Registrar
(a) to refuse to file in the form submitted to him any articles
or other document required by this Act to be filed by him;
(b) to give a name, to change, or revoke a name, or to refuse
to reserve, accept, change or revoke a name under sections
10 to 13;
(c) to refuse to grant an exemption under section 148; or
(d) to refuse under section 340(2) to permit a continued
reference to shares having a nominal or par value;
may apply to the court for an order requiring the Registrar to change his
decision, and upon the application the court may so order and make any
further order it thinks fit.
Directions for
Registrar.
Refusal by
Registrar.
Appeal from
Registrar.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
169 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
231. If a company or any director, officer, employee, agent, auditor,
trustee, receiver, receiver-manager or liquidator of a company does not
comply with this Act, the regulations, articles or by-laws of the company,
a complainant or creditor of the company may, in addition to any other
right he has, apply to the court for an order directing any such person to
comply with, or restraining any such person from acting in breach of, any
provisions of this Act, the regulations, articles or by-laws, as the case
may be.
232. Where this Act states that a person may apply to the court, the
application may be made in a summary manner by summons, originating
notice of motion, or otherwise as the rules of the court provide, but
subject to any order respecting notice to interested parties or costs, or
any other order the court thinks fit.
PART III
PROTECTION OF CREDITORS AND INVESTORS
DIVISION A
REGISTRATION OF CHARGES
Charges
233. (1) Subject to this Division, where a charge to which this section
applies is created by a company, the company must, within twenty-eight
days after the creation of the charge, lodge with the Registrar a
statement of the charge and
(a) any instrument by which the charge is created or
evidenced; or
(b) a copy of the instrument together with a statutory
declaration verifying the execution of the charge and also
verifying the copy as being a true copy of the instrument,
and if this provision is not complied with in relation to the charge, the
charge shall be void so far as any security interest it thereby purported
to create.
Restraining
order, etc.
Summary
application.
Registration
with Registrar.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Nothing in subsection (I) shall affect any contract or
obligation for repayment of the sum secured by a charge that is void
under that subsection; and the money received under the charge shall
immediately become payable.
(3) This section shall apply to every charge created by a
company including a charge created by the company on shares in a
subsidiary of the company and held by the company, except
(a) any pledge of, or possessory lien on, goods; and
(b) any charge by way of pledge, deposit, letter of
hypothecation or trust receipt, or bills of lading, dock warrants
or other documents of title to goods, or of bills of exchange,
promissory notes, or other negotiable securities for money.
234. A debenture not secured by a separate mortgage or charge but
which has been duly registered after a notice of the intended registration
has been published in the Gazette and one local newspaper not less than
seven days previous to the registration, shall be valid and shall rank as
a mortgage notwithstanding that it has not been secured by any separate
mortgage or charge.
235. (1) Subject to subsections (2) and (3), the statement referred to
in section 233 must contain the following particulars
(a) the date of the creation of the charge;
(b) the nature of the charge;
(c) the amount secured by the charge or the maximum sum
deemed to be secured by the charge in accordance with
section 239;
(d) short particulars of the property charged;
(e) the persons entitled to the charge; and
(f) in the case of a floating charge, the nature of any
restriction on the power of the company to grant further
charges ranking in priority to, or equally with, the charge
thereby created.
Registered
debenture to
rank as
mortgage.
Contents of
charge
statements.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
171 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Where a company creates a series of debentures containing
or giving by reference to any other instrument any charge to the benefit
of which the debenture-holders of that series are entitled equally, it shall
be sufficient if there is lodged with the Registrar for registration, within
twenty-eight days after the execution of the instrument containing the
charges or, if there is no such instrument, after the execution of the first
debenture of the series, a statement containing the following
(a) the total amount secured by the whole series;
(b) the dates of the resolution authorising the issue of the
series and the date of any covering instrument by which the
security interest is created or defined;
(c) the name of any trustee for the debenture-holders; and
(d) the particulars specified in paragraphs (b), (d) and (f) of
subsection (1).
(3) The statement referred to in subsection (2) must be
accompanied by the instrument containing the charge or a copy of that
instrument and a statutory declaration verifying the execution of the
instrument and verifying the copy to be a true copy, but if there is no such
instrument, the statement must be accompanied by a copy of one of the
debentures of the series and a statutory declaration verifying the copy
to be a true copy.
236. For the purposes of section 233(1) and section 235(3), a certified
copy of an instrument or debenture shall be a copy of the instrument or
debenture that has endorsed on it a certificate
(a) that states that the instrument or debenture is a true and
complete copy of the original; and
(b) that is under the seal of the company or under the hand
of some person interested in the instrument or debenture
otherwise than on behalf of the company.
237. When a charge requiring registration under sections 233 to 236
(a) is created before the lapse of thirty days after the
creation of a prior unregistered charge that comprises all or
any part of the property comprised in the prior charge; and
Certified copy
of instrument.
Later charges.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) is given as security for the same debt that is secured by
the prior charge or any part of that debt,
then, to the extent to which the subsequent charge is a security for the
same debt or part thereof and so far as respects the property comprised
in the prior charge, the subsequent charge shall not operate nor shall be
valid unless it was given in good faith for the purpose of correcting some
material error in the prior charge or under other proper circumstances
and not for the purpose of avoiding or evading the provisions of this
Division.
238. Sections 233 to 237 shall not affect any other enactment relating
to the registration of charges.
239. (1) When a charge the particulars of which require registration
under section 233 is expressed to secure all sums due or to become due
or some other fluctuating amount, the particulars required under section
235(1)(c) must state the maximum sum that is deemed to be secured by
the charge, which must be the maximum covered by the stamp duty paid
thereon, and the charge shall, subject to subsection (2), be void, so far
as any security interest is created by the charge, as respects any excess
over the stated maximum.
(2) Where, in respect of a charge on the property of a company
of a kind referred to in subsection (1)
(a) any additional stamp duty is later paid on the charge; and
(b) at any time after that but before the commencement of
the liquidation of the company, amended particulars of the
charge stating the increased maximum sum deemed to be
secured by the charge, together with the original instrument
by which the charge was created or evidenced, are lodged
with the Registrar for registration,
then, as from the date on which it is lodged, the charge, if otherwise valid,
shall be effective to the extent of the increased maximum sum except
as regards any person who, before the date on which the charge was so
lodged, had acquired any proprietary rights in, or a fixed or floating
charge on, the property that is subject to the charge.
Effect on
enactments.
Fluctuating
charges.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
173 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
240. (1) Where a company acquires any property that is subject to a
charge of any kind that would, if it had been created by the company
after the acquisition of the property, have been required to be registered
under this Division, the company must, within twenty-eight days after
the date on which the acquisition is completed, lodge with the Registrar
for registration
(a) a statement of the particulars required by section 235
and of the date of the acquisition of the property; and
(b) the instrument by which the charge was created or is
evidenced or a copy thereof,
accompanied by a statutory declaration as required by section 233 and
certified as provided in section 236.
(2) Failure to comply with subsection (I) shall not affect the
validity of the charge concerned.
Registration of Charges
241. (1) Documents and particulars required to be lodged for
registration may
(a) in the case of a requirement under section 233, be lodged
by the company concerned or by any person interested in the
documents; and
(b) in the case of a requirement under section 240, be lodged
by the company concerned.
(2) A person not being the company concerned who lodges
documents or particulars for registration pursuant to paragraph (a) of
subsection (1) may recover from the company concerned the amount of
any fees properly payable on the registration if he meets the
requirements of sections 233 to 237.
242. (1) The Registrar must keep a register of all the charges lodged
for registration under this Division and enter in the register with respect
to those charges the following particulars
Charge on
acquisition of
property.
Duty to
register.
Register of
charges.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) in any case to which section 235(2) applies, such
particulars as are required to be contained in a statement
lodged under that subsection;
(b) in any case to which section 240 applies, such particulars
as are required to be contained in a statement lodged under
paragraph (a) of subsection (1) of that section; and
(c) in any other case, such particulars as are required by
section 235 to be contained in a statement lodged under that
section.
(2) The Registrar must issue a certificate of every registration
stating, if applicable, the amount secured by the charge or, in a case
referred to in section 239, the maximum amount secured by the charge,
and the certificate shall be conclusive proof that the requirements as to
registration have been complied with.
243. (1) A company shall endorse on every debenture issued by it
(a) a copy of the certificate of registration of any charge
related to the debenture; or
(b) a statement that the registration of a charge related to
the debenture has been effected and the date of the
registration.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply to a debenture issued by a
company before the charge was created in relation to the debenture.
244. (1) Where, with respect to any registered charge
(a) the debt for which the charge was given has been paid
or satisfied in whole or in part; or
(b) the property or undertaking charged, or any part thereof,
has been released from the charge or has ceased to form part
of the companys property or undertaking,
the company may lodge with the Registrar in the prescribed form a
memorandum of satisfaction in whole or in part, or a memorandum of
the fact that the property or undertaking or any part thereof has been
Endorsement
on debenture.
Satisfaction
and payment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
175 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
released from the charge or has ceased to form part of the companys
property or undertaking, as the case may be, and the Registrar must
enter particulars of that memorandum in the register.
(2) The memorandum must be supported by evidence sufficient
to satisfy the Registrar of the payment, satisfaction, release or cessation
referred to in subsection (1).
245. On being satisfied that the omission to register a charge within the
time required or that the omission or mis-statement of any particular with
respect to any such charge or in a memorandum
(a) was accidental or due to inadvertence or to some other
sufficient cause;
(b) is not of a nature to affect adversely the position of
creditors or shareholders; or
(c) that, on other grounds, it is just and equitable to grant
relief, the court may, on the application of the company or any
person interested and on such terms and conditions as seem
to the court to be just and expedient, order that that time for
registration be extended or that the omission or mis-statement
be rectified.
246. (1) A company must retain, at the registered office of the
company, a copy of every instrument creating any charge that requires
registration under this Division, but, in the case of a series of debentures,
the retention of a copy of one debenture of the series shall be sufficient
for the purposes of this subsection.
(2) A company must record all charges specifically affecting
property of the company and all floating charges on the undertaking or
any property of the company, giving in each case a short description of
the property charged, the amount of the charge and the names of the
persons entitled thereto.
247. The copies of instruments retained by the company pursuant to
section 246 must be kept open for the inspection of creditors and
shareholders of the company, free of charge.
Rectification
of error.
Retention of
copy.
Inspection of
copies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
248. (1) Where any person
(a) obtains an order for the appointment of a receiver of any
of the property of a company; or
(b) appoints a receiver of any of the property of a company
or enters into possession of any property of a company under
any powers contained in any charge,
he must give, within ten days from the date of the order, appointment or
entry into possession, notice thereof to the Registrar, who must enter the
fact in the register of the particulars of charges relating to the company.
(2) When
(a) a person who has been appointed a receiver of the
property of a company ceases to act as receiver; or
(b) a person who had entered into possession of any
property of a company goes out of possession of that
property,
he must, within ten days of his having done so, give notice of his so doing
in the prescribed form to the Registrar, who must enter the notice in the
register of the particulars of charges relating to that company.
Application of Division
249. (1) This Division shall apply to charges created or acquired, after
the commencement of this Act, by an external company, on property in
Guyana, in like manner and with like consequences as if the external
company were a company as defined in subsection (2), whether or not
the external company is registered under this Act pursuant to Division
A of Part IV.
(2) An external company is a firm or other body of persons,
whether incorporated or unincorporated, that is formed under the laws
of a country other than Guyana.
Registration of
receiver.
External
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
177 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
DIVISION B
TRUST DEEDS AND DEBENTURES
event of default means an event specified in a trust deed on the
occurrence of which
(i) a security interest constituted by the trust deed
becomes enforceable; or
(ii) the principal, interest and other moneys payable
thereunder become or can be declared to be payable before
maturity,
but the event shall not be an event of default until all conditions
prescribed in the trust deed in connection with that event for the
giving of notice or the lapse of time or otherwise have been
satisfied;
trustee means any person appointed as trustee under the terms of a
trust deed to which a company is a party and includes any
successor trustee;
trust deed means any deed, indenture or other instrument, including
any supplement or amendment thereto, made by a company after
its incorporation or continuance under this Act under which the
company issues debentures and in which a person is appointed as
trustee for the holders of the debentures issued thereunder.
251. This Division shall apply to a trust deed if the debentures issued
or to be issued under the trust deed are part of a distribution to the public.
TRUSTEES
252. (1) No person may be appointed as trustee if there is a material
conflict of interest between his role as trustee and his role in any other
capacity.
Definitions.
Application of
Division.
Conflict of
interest.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) There shall be a material conflict of interest for the purpose
of subsection (1) where a person is an officer or employee, or a
shareholder of the company issuing the debentures.
(3) Within ninety days after a trustee becomes aware that a
material conflict of interest exists in his case, the trustee must
(a) eliminate the conflict of interest; or
(b) resign from office.
(4) A trust deed, any debentures issued thereunder and a security
interest effected thereby shall be valid notwithstanding a material
conflict of interest of the trustee.
(5) If a trustee is appointed contrary to subsection (1) or
continues as a trustee contrary to subsection (3), any interested person
may apply to the court for an order that the trustee be replaced, and the
court may make an order on such terms as it thinks fit.
253. (1) A holder of debentures issued under a trust deed may, upon
payment to the trustee of a reasonable fee, require the trustee to furnish,
within fourteen days after delivering to the trustee the statutory
declaration referred to in subsection (4), a list setting out
(a) the names and addresses of the registered holders of the
outstanding debentures of the issuer;
(b) the principal amount of outstanding debentures owned
by each such holder; and
(c) the aggregate principal amount of debentures
outstanding,
as shown on the records maintained by the trustee on the day that the
statutory declaration is delivered to him.
(2) Upon the demand of a trustee, the issuer of debentures must
furnish the trustee with the information required to enable the trustee to
comply with subsection (1).
List of
debenture-
holders.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
179 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) If the person requiring the trustee to furnish a list under
subsection ( 1 ) is a body corporate, the statutory declaration required
under that subsection must be made by a director or officer of the body
corporate.
(4) The statutory declaration required under subsection (1) must
state
(a) the name and address of the persons requiring the
trustee to furnish the list and, if the person is a body corporate,
its address for service; and
(b) that the list will not be used except as permitted under
subsection (5).
(5) A list obtained under this section shall not be used by any
person except in connection with
(a) an effort to influence the voting of the debenture-
holders;
(b) an offer to acquire debentures; or
(c) any other matter relating to the debentures or the affairs
of the issuer or guarantor thereof.
254. (1) An issuer or a guarantor of debentures issued or to be issued
under a trust deed must, before doing any act that is described in
paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of this subsection, furnish the trustee with
evidence of compliance with the conditions in the trust deed relating to
(a) the issue, certification and delivery of debentures under
the trust deed;
(b) the release, or release and substitution, of property that
is subject to a security interest constituted by the trust deed;
or
(c) the satisfaction and discharge of the trust deed.
(2) Upon the demand of a trustee, the issuer or guarantor of
debentures issued or to be issued under a trust deed must furnish the
trustee with evidence of compliance with the trust deed by the issuer or
guarantor in respect of any act to be done by the trustee at the request
of the issuer or guarantor.
Evidence of
compliance.
LAWS OF GUYANA
255. Evidence of compliance as required by section 254 must consist
of
(a) a statutory declaration or certificate made by a director
or an officer of the issuer or guarantor stating that the
conditions referred to in that section have been complied with;
(b) if the trust deed requires compliance with conditions that
are subject to review by an attorney-at-law, his opinion that
those conditions have been complied with; and
(c) if the trust deed requires compliance with conditions that
are subject to review by an auditor or accountant, an opinion
or report of the auditor of the issuer or guarantor, or such other
accountant as the trustee may select, that those conditions
have been complied with.
256. The evidence of compliance referred to in section 255 must
include a statement by the person giving the evidence
(a) declaring that he has read and understands the
conditions of the trust deed described in section 254;
(b) describing the nature and scope of the examination or
investigation upon which he based the certificate, statement
or opinion; and
(c) declaring that he has made such examination or
investigation as he believes necessary to enable him to make
the statements or give the opinion contained or expressed
therein.
257. Upon the demand of a trustee, the issuer or guarantor of
debentures issued under a trust deed must furnish the trustee with
evidence in such form as the trustee may require as to compliance with
any condition of the trust deed relating to any action required or
permitted to be taken by the issuer or guarantor under the trust deed.
258. At least once in each twelve-month period beginning on the date
of the trust deed and at any other time upon the demand of a trustee, the
issuer or guarantor of debentures issued under the trust deed must
furnish the trustee with a certificate that the issuer or guarantor has
complied with all requirements contained in the trust deed that, if not
Contents of
evidence.
Further
evidence.
Evidence
relating to
conditions.
Certificate of
compliance.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
181 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
complied with, would, with the giving of notice, lapse of time or
otherwise, constitute an event of default, or if there has been failure to
so comply, giving particulars of that failure.
259. Within thirty days after a trustee under a trust deed becomes
aware of an event of default thereunder, the trustee must give to the
holder of any debentures issued under the trust deed notice of the event
of default arising under the trust deed and continuing at the time the
notice is given, unless the trustee reasonably believes that it is in the best
interest of the debenture holders to withhold that notice and in writing so
informs the issuer and guarantor.
260. (1) Debentures issued, pledged or deposited by a company shall
not be redeemed by reason only that the amount in respect of which the
debentures are issued, pledged or deposited is repaid.
(2) Debentures issued by a company and purchased, redeemed
or otherwise acquired by it may be cancelled or, subject to any applicable
trust deed or other agreement, may be reissued, pledged or deposited to
secure any obligation of the company then existing or thereafter
incurred, and any such acquisition and reissue, pledge or deposit shall not
be a cancellation of the debenture.
261. A trustee under a trust deed in exercising his powers and
discharging his duties must
(a) act honestly and in good faith with a view to the best
interests of the holders of the debentures issued under the
trust deed; and
(b) exercise the care, diligence and skill of a reasonably
prudent trustee.
262. Notwithstanding section 261, a trustee shall not be liable if he
relies in good faith upon statements contained in a statutory declaration,
certificate, opinion or report that complies with this Act or the trust deed.
Notice of
default.
Redemption of
debenture.
Duty of care.
Reliance on
statements.
LAWS OF GUYANA
263. No term of a trust deed or of any agreement between a trustee
and the holders of debentures issued thereunder or between the trustee
and the issuer or guarantor shall operate to relieve a trustee from the
duties imposed upon him by section 261.
264. (1) The trustee under a trust deed shall hold all contracts,
stipulations and undertakings given to him and all mortgages, charges
and securities vested in him in connection with the debentures covered
by the trust deed, or some of those debentures, exclusively for the benefit
of the debenture-holders concerned, except in so far as the trust deed
otherwise provides.
(2) A debenture-holder may
(a) sue the company that issued the debentures he holds for
payment of any amount payable to him in respect of the
debentures; or
(b) sue the trustee of the trust deed covering the debentures
he holds for compensation for any breach of the duties that the
trustee owes him,
and in any such action it shall not be necessary for any other debenture-
holders of the same class, or if the action is brought against the company,
the trustee under the covering trust deed to be joined as a party.
(3) This section shall apply notwithstanding anything contained in
a debenture, trust deed or other instrument, but a provision in a debenture
or trust deed shall be valid and binding on all the debenture-holders of the
class concerned to the extent that, by a resolution supported by the votes
of the holders of at least three-quarters in value of the debentures of that
class in respect of which votes are cast on the resolution, the provision
enables a meeting of the debenture-holders
(a) to release any trustee from liability for any breach of his
duties to the debenture-holders that he has already
committed, or generally from liability for all such breaches,
without necessarily specifying them, upon his ceasing to be a
trustee;
No exculpa-
tion.
Rights of
trustees.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
183 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) to consent to the alteration or abrogation of any of the
rights, powers or remedies of the debenture-holders and the
trustee under the trust deed covering their debentures, except
the powers and remedies under section 271; or
(c) to consent to the substitution of debentures of a different
class issued by the company or any other company or body
corporate for the debentures of the debenture-holders, or to
consent to the cancellation of the debentures in consideration
of the issue to the debenture-holders of shares credited as
fully paid in the company or any other body corporate.
Trust Deeds
265. (1) A public company must, before issuing any of its debentures,
execute a trust deed in respect of the debentures and procure the
execution thereof by a trustee.
(2) No trust deed may cover more than one class of debentures,
whether or not the trust deed is required by this section to be executed.
(3) Where a trust deed is required by this section to be executed
in respect of any debentures issued by a public company but a trust deed
has not been executed, the court may, on the application of a holder of
any debenture issued by the company
(a) order the company to execute a trust deed in respect of
those debentures;
(b) direct that a person nominated by the court be appointed
a trustee of the trust deed; and
(c) give such consequential directions as the court thinks fit
regarding the contents of the trust deed and its execution by
the trustee.
266. (1) Debentures belong to different classes if different rights
attach to them in respect of
(a) the rate of interest or the dates for payment of interest;
(b) the dates when, or the instalments by which, the principal
of the debentures will be repaid, unless the difference is solely
Need for trust
deed.
Kinds of
debentures.
LAWS OF GUYANA
that the class of debentures will be repaid during a stated
period of time and particular debentures will be repaid at
different dates during that period according to selections
made by the company or by drawings, ballot or otherwise;
(c) any right to subscribe for or convert the debentures into
other shares or other debentures of the company or any other
body corporate; or
(d) the powers of the debenture-holders to realise any
security interest.
(2) Debentures belong to different classes if they do not rank
equally for payment when
(a) any security interest is realised; or
(b) the company is liquidated,
that is to say, if, in those circumstances, the security interest or the
proceeds thereof, or any assets available to satisfy the debentures, is or
are not to be applied in satisfying the debentures strictly in proportion to
the amount of principal, premiums and arrears of interest to which the
holders of them are respectively entitled.
267. A debenture shall be covered by a trust deed if the debenture
holder is entitled to participate in any money payable by the company
under the trust deed, or is entitled by the trust deed to the benefit of any
security interest, whether alone or together with other persons.
268. Sections 265 to 267 shall not apply to debentures issued before
the commencement of his Act or to debentures forming part of a class
of debentures some of which were issued before the commencement of
this Act.
269. (1) Every trust deed, whether required by section 265 or not,
must state
(a) the maximum sum that the company can raise by issuing
debentures of the same class;
(b) the maximum discount that can be allowed on the issue
or re-issue of the debentures, and the maximum premium at
which the debentures can be made redeemable;
Cover of trust
deed.
Exception.
Contents of
trust deed.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
185 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(c) the nature of any assets over which a security interest
is created by the trust deed in favour of the trustee for the
benefit of the debenture-holders equally, and, except where
such an interest is a floating charge or a general floating
charge, the identity of the assets subject to it;
(d) the nature of any assets over which a security interest
has been or will be created in favour of any person other than
the trustee for the benefit of the debenture-holders equally,
and, except where such an interest is a floating charge or a
general floating charge, the identity of the assets subject to it;
(e) whether the company has created or will have to create
any security interest for the benefit of some, but not all, of the
holders of debentures issued under the trust deed;
(f) any prohibition or restriction on the power of the
company to issue debentures or to create any security interest
on any of its assets ranking in priority to, or equally with, the
debentures issued under the trust deed;
(g) whether the company will have power to acquire
debentures issued under the trust deed before the date for
their redemption and to re-issue the debentures;
(h) the dates on which interest on the debentures issued
under the trust deed will be paid and the manner in which
payment will be made;
(i) the dates on which the principal of the debentures issued
under the trust deed will be repaid and, unless the whole
principal is to be repaid to all the debenture-holders at the
same time, the manner in which redemption will be effected,
whether by the payment of equal instalments of principal in
respect of each debenture or by the selection of debentures
for redemption by the company, or by drawing, ballot or
otherwise;
(j) in the case of convertible debentures, the dates and
terms on which the debentures can be converted into shares
and the amounts that will be credited as paid upon those
shares, and the dates and terms on which the debenture-
holders can exercise any right to subscribe for shares in right
of the debentures held by them;
(k) the circumstances in which the debenture- holders will
be entitled to realise any security interest vested in the trustee
LAWS OF GUYANA
or any other person for their benefit, other than the
circumstances in which they are entitled to do so by this Act;
(l) the power of the company and the trustee to call
meetings of the debenture-holders, and the rights of
debenture-holders to require the company or the trustee to
call meetings of the debenture-holders;
(m) whether the rights of debenture-holders can be altered
or abrogated and, if so, the conditions that are to be fulfilled,
and the procedures that are to be followed, to effect an
alteration or an abrogation; and
(n) the amount or rate of remuneration to be paid to the
trustee and the period for which it will be paid, and whether
it will be paid in priority to the principal, interest and costs in
respect of debentures issued under the trust deed.
(2) If debentures are issued without a covering trust deed being
executed, the statements required by subsection (1) must be included in
each debenture or in a note forming part of the same document or
endorsed thereon, and in applying that subsection references therein to
the trust deed shall be construed as references to all or any of the
debentures of the same class.
(3) Subsection (2) shall not apply if
(a) the debenture is the only debenture of the class to which
it belongs that has been or that can be issued; and
(b) the rights of the debenture-holder cannot be altered or
abrogated without his consent.
(4) This section shall not apply to a trust deed executed or to
debentures issued before the commencement of this Act.
270. (1) Every debenture that is covered by a trust deed must state
either in the body of the debenture or in a note forming part of the same
document or endorsed thereon
(a) the matters required to be stated in a trust deed by
paragraphs (a), (b), (f), (h), (i), (j), (l) and (m) of subsection
(1) of section 269;
Contents of
debentures.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) whether the trustee of the covering trust deed holds the
security interest vested in him by the trust deed in trust for the
debenture-holders equally, or in trust for some only of the
debenture-holders, and if so, which debenture-holders; and
(c) whether the debenture is secured by a general floating
charge vested in the trustee of the covering trust deed or in
the debenture-holders.
(2) A debenture issued by a company must state on its face in
clearly legible print that it is unsecured if no security interest is vested
in the holder of the debenture or in any other person for his benefit as
security for payment of principal and interest.
(3) This section shall not apply to debentures issued before the
Realisation of Security
271. (1) Debenture-holders are entitled to realise any security interest
vested in them or in any other person for their benefit, if
(a) the company fails, within one month after it becomes
due, to pay
(i) any instalment of interest;
(ii) the whole or part of the principal; or
(iii) any premium,
owing under the debentures or the trust deed covering the
debentures;
(b) the company fails to fulfil any of the obligations imposed
on it by the debentures or the trust deed;
(c) any circumstances occur that by the terms of the
debentures or trust deed entitle the holders of the debentures
to realise their security interest; or
(d) the company is liquidated.
Realisation of
debenture-
holders
security.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Debenture-holders whose debentures are secured by a
general floating charge vested in themselves or the trustee of the
covering trust deed or any other person shall be additionally entitled to
realise their security interest, if
(a) any creditor of the company issues a process of
execution against any of its assets or commences
proceedings for liquidation of the company by order of any
court of competent jurisdiction;
(b) the company ceases to pay its debts as they fall due;
(c) the company ceases to carry on business;
(d) the company incurs, after the issue of debentures of the
class concerned, losses or diminution in the value of its assets
that in the aggregate amount to more than one half of the total
amount owing in respect of
(i) debentures of the class held by the debenture-
holders who seek to enforce their security interest; and
(ii) debentures whose holders rank before them for
payment of principal or interest; or
(e) any circumstances occur that entitle debenture-holders
who rank for payment of principal or interest in priority to the
debentures secured by the general floating charge to realise
their security interest.
(3) At any time after a class of debenture-holders become
entitled to realise their security interest, a receiver of any assets subject
to such security interest or in favour of the class of debenture-holders
or the trustee of the covering trust deed or any other person may be
appointed
(a) by the trustee;
(b) by the holders of debentures in respect of which there is
owing more than half of the total amount owing in respect of
all debentures of the same class; or
(c) by the court on the application of any trustee or
debenture-holder of the class concerned.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
189 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) A receiver appointed pursuant to subsection (3) shall have,
subject to any order made by the court, power
(a) to take possession of the assets that are subject to the
security interest and to sell those assets; and
(b) if the security interest extends to that property,
(i) to collect debts owed to the company;
(ii) to enforce claims vested in the company;
(iii) to compromise, settle and enter into arrangements in
respect of claims by or against the company;
(iv) to carry on the companys business with a view to
selling it on the most favourable terms;
(v) to grant or accept leases of land and licences in
respect of patents, designs, copyright, or trade, service or
collective marks; and
(vi) to recover capital unpaid on the companys issued
shares.
(5) The remedies given by this section shall be in addition to and
not in substitution for any other powers and remedies conferred on the
trustee under the trust deed or on the debenture-holders by the
debentures or the trust deed, and any power or remedy that is expressed
in any instrument to be exercisable if the debenture-holders become
entitled to realise their security interest shall be exercisable on the
occurrence of any of the events specified in subsection (1) or, in the case
of a general floating charge, in subsections (1) and (2), but a manager
of the business or of any of the assets of a company may not be appointed
for the benefit of debenture-holders unless a receiver has also been
appointed and has not ceased to act.
(6) This section shall apply to debentures issued before as well
as after the commencement of this Act.
(7) No provision in any instrument shall be valid that purports to
exclude or restrict the remedies given by this section.
LAWS OF GUYANA
DIVISION C
RECEIVERS AND RECEIVER-MANAGERS
272. (1) A person may not be appointed a receiver or receiver-
manager of any assets of a company, and may not act as such a receiver
or receiver-manager, if the person
(a) is a body corporate;
(b) is an undischarged bankrupt; or
(c) is disqualified from being a trustee under a trust deed
executed by the company or would be so disqualified if a trust
deed had been executed by the company.
(2) If a person who was appointed to be a receiver or receiver-
manager becomes disqualified under subsection (1) or under any
provision contained in a debenture or trust deed, another person may be
appointed in his place by the persons who are entitled to make the
appointment or by the court, but a receivership shall not be terminated
or interrupted by the occurrence of the disqualification.
(3) This section shall apply to a person appointed to be a receiver
or receiver-manager whether so appointed before or after the
273. A receiver of any property of a company may, subject to the
rights of secured creditors, receive the income from the property, pay
the liabilities connected with the property, and realise the security
interest of those on behalf of whom he is appointed, but, except to the
extent permitted by the court, he may not carry on the business of the
company.
274. A receiver of a company may, if he is also appointed manager of
the company, carry on any business of the company to protect the
security interest of those on behalf of whom he is appointed.
Disqualified
receivers.
Functions of
receivers.
Functions of
receiver-
managers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
191 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
275. When a receiver-manager of a company is appointed by the court
or under an instrument, the powers of the directors of the company that
the receiver-manager is authorised to exercise may not be exercised by
the directors until the receiver-manager is discharged.
276. A receiver or receiver-manager of a company appointed by the
court must act in accordance with the directions of the court.
277. A receiver or receiver-manager of a company appointed under
an instrument must act in accordance with that instrument and any
directions of the court made under section 279.
278. A receiver or receiver-manager of a company appointed under
an instrument must
(a) act honestly and in good faith; and
(b) deal with any property of the company in his possession
or control in a commercially reasonable manner.
279. Upon an application by a receiver or receiver-manager of a
company, whether appointed by the court or under an instrument, or
upon an application by any interested person, the court may make any
order it thinks fit, including
(a) an order appointing, replacing or discharging a receiver
or receiver-manager and approving his accounts;
(b) an order determining the notice to be given to any person,
or dispensing with notice to any person;
(c) an order declaring the rights of persons before the court
or otherwise, or directing any person to do or abstain from
doing anything;
(d) an order fixing the remuneration of the receiver or
receiver-manager;
(e) an order requiring the receiver or receiver-manager, or
a person by or on behalf of whom he is appointed
(i) to make good any default in connection with the
receivers or receiver-managers custody or management
of the property and business of the company;
Directors
powers
stopped.
Duty under
court direction.
Duty under
instrument.
Duty of care.
Directions by
court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(ii) to relieve any such person from any default on such
terms as the court thinks fit; and
(iii) to confirm any act of the receiver or receiver-
manager; and
(f) an order giving direction on any matter relating to the
duties of the receiver or receiver-manager.
280. A receiver or receiver-manager of a company must
(a) immediately give notice of his appointment to the
Registrar, and of his discharge;
(b) take into his custody and control the property of the
company in accordance with the court order or instrument
under which he is appointed;
(c) open and maintain a bank account in his name as
receiver or receiver-manager of the company for the moneys
of the company coming under his control;
(d) keep detailed accounts of all transactions carried out by
him as receiver or receiver-manager;
(e) keep accounts of his administration, which must be
available during usual business hours for inspection by the
directors of the company;
(f) prepare financial statements of his administration at
such intervals and in such form as may be prescribed;
(g) upon completion of his duties, render a final account of
his administration, in the form adopted for interim accounts
under paragraph (f); and
(h) file with the Registrar a copy of any financial statement
mentioned in paragraph (f) and any final account mentioned
in paragraph (g) within fourteen days of the preparation of the
financial statement or rendering of the final account, as the
circumstances require.
281. (1) A receiver of assets of a company appointed under section
271(3) or under the powers contained in any instrument
(a) shall be personally liable on any contract entered into by
him in the performance of his functions, except to the extent
Duties of
receivers, etc.
Liability of
receivers, etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
193 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
that the contract otherwise provides; and
(b) shall be entitled in respect of that liability to an indemnity
out of the assets of which he was appointed to be receiver,
but nothing in this subsection shall limit any right to an indemnity that he
would have, apart from this subsection, or shall limit his liability on
contracts entered into without authority, or confers any right to
indemnity in respect of that liability.
(2) When the purported appointment of a receiver out of court is
invalid because the charge under which the appointment purported to be
made is invalid or because, in the circumstances of the case, the power
of appointment under the charge was not exercisable or not wholly
exercisable, the court may, on application being made to it
(a) wholly or to such extent as it thinks fit, exempt the
receiver from personal liability in respect of anything done or
omitted to be done by him that, if the appointment had been
valid, would have been properly done or omitted to be done;
and
(b) order that the person by whom the purported
appointment was made, be personally liable to the extent to
which that relief has been granted.
(3) Subsection (1) shall apply to a receiver appointed before or
after the commencement of this Act, but shall not apply to contracts
entered into before the commencement of this Act.
282. Where a receiver or a receiver-manager of any assets of a
company has been appointed for the benefit of debenture-holders, every
invoice, order of goods or business letter issued by or on behalf of the
company or the receiver, being a document on or in which the name of
the company appears, must contain a notice that a receiver or a
receiver-manager has been appointed.
283. (1) Where a receiver of the whole or substantially the whole, of
the assets of a company, in this section and section 284 referred to as
the receiver, is appointed under section 271 (3), or under the powers
Notice of
receivership.
Statement of
affairs.
LAWS OF GUYANA
contained in any trust deed, for the benefit of the holders of any
debentures of the company secured by a general floating charge, then
subject to this section and section 284
(a) the receiver shall forthwith send notice to the company
of his appointment;
(b) within fourteen days after receipt of the notice by the
company, or such longer period as may be allowed by the
receiver, there shall be made out by the company and
submitted to the receiver a statement in accordance with
section 284 as to the affairs of the company;
(c) the receiver shall, within two months after receipt of the
statement, send
(i) to the Registrar and, if the receiver was appointed by
the court, to the court, a copy of the statement and of any
comments he sees fit to make thereon;
(ii) to the company, a copy of those comments or, if the
receiver does not see fit to make any comments, a notice to
that effect;
(iii) to the trustee of the trust deed, a copy of the
statement and those comments, if any; and
(iv) to the holders of all debentures belonging to the same
class as the debentures in respect of which he was
appointed, a copy of that summary.
(2) The receiver shall
(a) within two months or such longer period as the court may
allow, after the expiration of the period of twelve months from
the date of his appointment and after every subsequent period
of twelve months; and
(b) within two months or such longer period as the court may
allow after he ceases to act as receiver of the assets of the
company,
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
195 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
send to the Registrar, to the trustee of the trust deed, and to the holders
of all debentures belonging to the same class as the debentures in respect
of which the receiver was appointed, an abstract in a form approved by
the Registrar.
(3) The abstract must show
(a) the receivers receipts and payments during the period
of twelve months or, if the receiver ceases so to act, during
the period from the end of the period to which the last
preceding abstract related up to the date of his so ceasing to
act; and
(b) the aggregate amounts of his receipts and of his
payments during all preceding periods since his appointment.
(4) Subsection (1) shall not apply in relation to the appointment of
a receiver to act with an existing receiver, or in place of a receiver who
dies or ceases to act, except that, where that subsection applies to a
receiver who dies or ceases to act before the subsection has been fully
complied with, the references in paragraphs (b) and (c) of that
subsection to the receiver shall include, subject to subsection (5),
references to his successor and to any continuing receiver.
(5) If the company is being liquidated, this section and section 284
shall apply notwithstanding that the receiver and the liquidator are the
same person, but with any necessary modifications arising from that
fact.
(6) Nothing in subsection (2) shall affect the duty of the receiver
to render proper accounts of his receipts and payments to the persons
to whom, and at the times that, he is required to do so apart from that
subsection.
284. (1) The statement as to the affairs of a company required by
section 283 to be submitted to the receiver or his successor must show,
as at the date of the receivers appointment
(a) the particulars of the companys assets, debts and
liabilities;
Contents of
statement.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the names, addresses and occupations of the companys
creditors;
(c) the security interests held by the companys creditors
respectively;
(d) the dates when the security interests were respectively
created; and
(e) such further or other information as may be prescribed.
(2) The state of affairs of the company must be submitted by, and
be verified by, the signed declaration of at least one person who is, at the
date of the receivers appointment, a director, and by the secretary of
the company at that date, or by such of the persons, hereafter in this
subsection mentioned, as the receiver or his successor, subject to the
direction of the Registrar, may require to submit and verify the
statement, namely, persons who
(a) are or have been officers of the company;
(b) have taken part in the formation of the company at any
time within one year before the date of the receivers
appointment;
(c) are in the employment of the company, or have been in
the employment of the company within that year and, in the
opinion of the receiver, are capable of giving the information
required; or
(d) are or have been within that year officers of or in the
employment of an affiliated company.
(3) Any person making or verifying the statement of affairs of a
company or any part of it must be allowed and paid by the receiver or
his successor out of the receivers receipts, such costs and expenses
incurred in and about the making or verifying of the statement as the
receiver or his successor considers reasonable, subject to an appeal to
the court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
197 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
DIVISION D
PROSPECTUSES
Interpretation
issue includes circulate or distribute;
notice includes circular or advertisement;
prospectus includes, in relation to any company, any notice,
prospectus, or other document that
(i) invites applications from the public, or invites offers
from the public, to subscribe for or purchase; or
(ii) offers to the public for subscription or purchase,
directly or through other persons,
any shares or debentures of the company or any units of any such
shares or debentures of the company.
286. This Division shall apply whether any shares or debentures of a
company are offered to the public on or with reference to the promotion
of a company or at any time after the company has come into existence.
Prospectus Requirements
287. (1) Subject to subsection (2), no person shall issue any form of
application for shares or debentures unless
(a) a prospectus, as required by this Division, has been
registered with the Registrar; and
(b) a copy of the prospectus is issued with the form of
application or the form specifies a place in Guyana where a
copy of the prospectus can be obtained.
Definitions.
Application of
Division.
Prohibition re
public issue.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply if the form of application
referred to is issued in connection with shares or debentures that are not
offered to the public or intended for the public.
288. The following requirements shall apply to a prospectus
(a) the prospectus must be dated; and that date, unless there
is proof to the contrary, shall be taken as the date of issue of
the prospectus;
(b) one copy of the prospectus must be lodged with the
Registrar, and the prospectus must set out that a copy of the
prospectus has been so lodged and immediately state
thereafter that the Registrar takes no responsibility as to the
validity or veracity of its contents;
(c) the prospectus must contain a statement that no shares
and debentures or either are to be allotted on the basis of the
prospectus later than three months after the date of issue of
the prospectus;
(d) the prospectus must, if it contains any statement by an
expert made or contained in what purports to be a copy of or
extract from a report, memorandum or valuation, of an expert,
state the date on which the statement, report, memorandum
or valuation was made and whether or not it was prepared by
the expert for incorporation in the prospectus;
(e) the prospectus must disclose any commission payable
by virtue of section 49; and
(f) the prospectus must subject to the provisions contained
in Part III of the First Schedule, state the matters specified in
Part I of that Schedule and set out the reports specified in Part
II of that Schedule.
289. A prospectus must not contain the name of any person as a
trustee for holders of debentures or as an auditor, a banker, an attorney-
at-law, a stockbroker or sharebroker, of the company or proposed
company or for or in relation to the issue or proposed issue of shares or
debentures, unless that person has consented in writing, before the issue
of the prospectus, to act in that capacity in relation to the prospectus and
a copy of the consent, verified as prescribed in section 482(2), has been
lodged with the Registrar.
Contents of
prospectus.
Professional
names.
First Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
199 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
290. A condition shall be void that
(a) purports to require or bind an applicant for shares or
debentures of a company to waive compliance with any
requirement of this Division; or
(b) purports to affect the applicant with notice of any
contract, document or matter not specifically referred to in
the prospectus.
291. (1) Subject to this section, no person
(a) shall issue any notice that offers for subscription or
purchase, shares or debentures of a company, or invites
subscription for, or purchase of, any such shares or
debentures;
(b) shall issue any notice that calls attention to
(i) an offer, or intended offer, for subscription or
purchase, of shares or debentures of a company;
(ii) an invitation, or intended invitation to subscribe for or
purchase any such shares or debentures; or
(iii) a prospectus.
(2) This section shall not apply to
(a) a notice that relates to an offer or invitation not made or
issued to the public, directly or indirectly;
(b) a registered prospectus within the meaning of this
Division;
(c) a notice
(i) that calls attention to a registered prospectus;
(ii) that states that allotments of, or contracts with
respect to, the shares or debentures will be made only on the
basis of one of the forms of applications referred to in, and
attached to, a copy of the prospectus; and
(iii) that contains no other information except that
permitted pursuant to subsection (3); or
Certain notice
required.
No waivers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(d) a notice
(i) that accompanies a notice referred to in paragraph
(c) or would but for the inclusion therein of a statement
referred to in subparagraph (iii) or (iv) of this paragraph, be
a notice so referred to;
(ii) that is issued by a person whose ordinary business is
or includes advising clients in connection with their
investments and is issued only to clients so advised in the
course of that business;
(iii) that contains a statement that the investment to
which it or the accompanying document relates is
recommended by that person; and
(iv) that, if the person is an underwriter or sub-
underwriter of an issue of shares or debentures to which the
notice or accompanying document relates, contains a
statement that the person making the recommendation is
interested in the success of the issue as an underwriter or
sub-underwriter, as the case may be.
(3) All or any of the following information shall be permitted for
the purposes of subsection (2) (c) (iii)
(a) the number and description of the shares or debentures
of the company to which the prospectus relates;
(b) the name of the company, the date of its incorporation
and the number of the companys issued shares and the
amount paid on its issued shares;
(c) the general nature of the companys main business, or its
proposed main business;
(d) the names, addresses and occupations of the directors of
the company;
(e) the names and addresses of the brokers or underwriters,
if any, to the issue of shares or debentures or both, and, if the
prospectus relates to debentures, the name and address of the
trustee for the debenture holders;
(f) the name of any stock or securities exchange of which
the brokers or underwriters to the issue are members;
LAWS OF GUYANA
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(g) the particulars of the period during which the offer is
effective;
(h) the particulars of the time and place at which copies of
the registered prospectus and form of application for the
shares or debentures to which it relates can be obtained.
(4) This section shall apply to any notice issued in Guyana by
newspapers, or by radio or television broadcasting, or by cinematograph
or any other means.
292. (1) Where a person issues a notice in contravention of section
291 and before doing so obtains a certificate that
(a) is signed by two directors of the company or two
directors of the proposed company to which, or to the shares
or debentures of which, the notice relates;
(b) specifies the names of those directors and of that
company or of those proposed directors of that proposed
company; and
(c) is to the effect that, by the operation of section 291(2),
this section shall not apply to the notice,
each person who signed the certificate shall be deemed to have issued
the notice and the person who obtained the certificate shall be deemed
not to have done so.
(2) A person who has obtained a certificate referred to in
subsection (1) shall deliver the certificate to the Registrar on being
required to do so by the Registrar.
293. In proceedings for a contravention of section 291 or 292, a
certificate that purports to be a certificate under section 292 shall be
prima facie proof
(a) that, at the time the certificate was given, the persons
named as such in the certificate were directors of the
company so named or proposed directors of the proposed
company so named, as the case may be;
Responsibility
re certificate.
Evidence.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) that the signatures in the certificate purporting to be the
signatures of those persons are their signatures; and
(c) that publication of the notice to which the certificate
relates was authorised by those persons.
Registration of Prospectus
294. (1) No person shall issue a prospectus unless a copy thereof has
first been registered by the Registrar and the prospectus states on its
face the fact of the registration and the date on which it was effected.
(2) The Registrar may not register a copy of a prospectus
unless
(a) a copy of the prospectus is lodged with the Registrar on
or before the date of its issue and it is signed by every director
and by every person who is named in the prospectus as a
proposed director of the company or by his agent authorised
in writing;
(b) the prospectus appears to comply with the requirements
of this Act;
(c) there are also lodged with the Registrar copies of any
consents required by section 296 to the issue of the
prospectus and of all material contracts referred to in the
prospectus or, in the case of any such contract that is not
reduced to writing, a memorandum giving full particulars of
the contract; and
(d) the Registrar is of the opinion that the prospectus does
not contain any statement or matter that is misleading in the
form or context in which it is included.
(3) If the Registrar refuses to register a prospectus, he must give
notice of that fact to the person who lodged the prospectus and give in
the notice the reasons for his refusal, and if the Registrar registers a
prospectus he must give notice of that fact to the person who lodged the
prospectus and give in the notice the date on which the registration was
effected.
Registration of
prospectus.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
203 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) A person who lodged a prospectus with the Registrar may,
within thirty days after he is notified of a refusal to register pursuant to
subsection (3) require in writing that the Registrar refer the matter to the
court, and the Registrar must then refer the matter to the court for its
determination.
(5) Where a refusal to register is referred to the court under
subsection (4), the court, after hearing the person who lodged the
prospectus and, if the court so wishes, may order the Registrar to
register the prospectus or it may uphold his decision to refuse
registration.
(6) On a hearing under subsection (5), a party may be heard in
Other Requirements
295. (1) When a company allots or agrees to allot to any person shares
or debentures of the company with a view to all or any of those shares
or debentures being offered for sale to the public, the document by which
the offer for sale to the public is made shall, for all purposes, be deemed
to be a prospectus issued by the company, and all enactments and rules
of law as to the contents of prospectuses or otherwise relating to
prospectuses, shall apply and have effect accordingly as if the shares or
debentures had been offered to the public and as if the persons accepting
the offer in respect of the shares or debentures were subscribers for
them, but without affecting the liability, if any, of the person by whom the
offer is made, in respect of statements or non-disclosures in the
document or otherwise.
(2) For the purposes of this Act and unless the contrary is shown,
it shall be proof that an allotment of, or an agreement to allot, shares or
debentures of a company was made with a view to the shares or
debentures being offered for sale to the public, if
(a) the offer for sale of the shares or debentures, or of any
of them, to the public was made within six months after the
allotment or agreement to allot; or
Prospectus
presumed.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) at the date when the offer was made the whole
consideration to be received by the company in respect of the
shares or debentures had not been so received.
(3) The requirements of this Division as to prospectuses shall
have effect as though the persons making an offer to which this section
relates were persons named in a prospectus as directors of a company.
(4) In addition to complying with the other requirements of this
Division, the document making the offer must set out
(a) the net amount of the consideration received or to be
received by the company in respect of the shares or
debentures to which the offer relates; and
(b) the place and time at which the contract under which the
shares or debentures have been or are to be allotted can be
inspected.
(5) Where an offer to which this section relates is made by a
company or firm, it shall be sufficient if the document making the offer
is signed on behalf of the company or firm by two directors of the
company or not less than half the members of the firm, as the case may
be, and a director or member may sign by his agent authorised in writing
to do so.
296. (1) A prospectus that invites subscription for or the purchase of
shares or debentures of a company and that includes a statement
purporting to be made by an expert shall not be issued unless
(a) that expert has given, and has not before delivery of a
copy of the prospectus for registration withdrawn, his written
consent to the inclusion of the statement in the form and
context in which it is included in the prospectus; and
(b) there appears in the prospectus a statement that the
expert has given and has not withdrawn his consent.
Experts
consent.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
205 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) A person shall not be deemed to have authorised or caused
the issue of a prospectus by reason only of his having given the consent
required by this Division to the inclusion in the prospectus of a statement
purporting to be made by him as an expert.
Liability for Prospectus Claims
297. (1) Subject to this section, each of the following designated
persons shall, for any loss or damage sustained by other persons who,
on the faith of a prospectus, subscribe for or purchase any shares or
debentures, be liable for any loss or damage sustained by those other
persons by reason of any untrue statement in the prospectus, or by
reason of the wilful non-disclosure in the prospectus of any matter of
which the designated person had knowledge and that he knew to be
material, namely
(a) a person who is a director of the company at the time of
the issue of the prospectus;
(b) a person who authorised or caused himself to be named
and is named in the prospectus as a director or as having
agreed to become a director either immediately or after an
interval of time;
(c) an incorporator of the company; or
(d) a person who authorised or caused the issue of the
prospectus.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where the consent of an
expert is required to the issue of a prospectus and he has given that
consent, he shall not, by reason only of the consent, be liable as a person
who has authorised or caused the issue of the prospectus except in
respect of an untrue statement purporting to be made by him as an
expert, and the inclusion in the prospectus of a name of a person as a
trustee for debenture-holders, auditor, banker, attorney-at-law, transfer
agent or stockbroker or sharebroker may not, for that reason alone, be
taken as an authorisation by him of the issue of the prospectus.
(3) No person shall be liable under subsection (1)
Liability on
prospectus.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) who, having consented to become a director of the
company, withdrew his consent before the issue of the
prospectus and the prospectus was issued without his
authority or consent;
(b) who, when the prospectus was issued without his
knowledge or consent, gave reasonable public notice of that
fact forthwith after he became aware of its issue;
(c) who, after the issue of the prospectus and before
allotment or sale under it, became aware of an untrue
statement in it and withdrew his consent and gave reasonable
public notice of the withdrawal of his consent and the reasons
for it; or
(d) who, as regards every untrue statement not purporting
to be made on the authority of an expert or of a public official
document or statement, had reasonable ground to believe and
did, up to the time of the allotment or sale of the shares or
debentures, believe that the statement was true,
(4) No person shall be liable under subsection (1)
(a) if, as regards every untrue statement purporting to be a
statement made by an expert or to be based on a statement
made by an expert, it fairly represented the statement, or was
a correct and fair copy of or extract from the report or
valuation and that person had reasonable ground to believe
and did, up to the time of the issue of the prospectus, believe
that the expert making the statement was competent to make
it and had given his consent as required under section 296 to
the issue of the prospectus and had not withdrawn that
consent before delivery of a copy of the prospectus for
registration nor had the expert, to that persons knowledge,
withdrawn that consent before allotment or sale under the
prospectus, or
(b) if, as regards every untrue statement purporting to be a
statement made by an official person or contained in what
purports to be a copy of or extract from a public official
document, it was a correct and fair representation of the
statement or copy of, or extract from, the document.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(5) Subsections (3) and (4) shall not apply in the case of a person
liable, by reason of his having given a consent required of him by section
296, as a person who authorised or caused the issue of the prospectus
in respect of an untrue statement purporting to have been made by him
as an expert.
(6) A person who, apart from this subsection, would be liable
under subsection (1), by reason of his having given a consent required
of him by section 296 as a person who has authorised or caused the issue
of a prospectus in respect of an untrue statement purporting to be made
by him as an expert shall not be liable
(a) if, having given his consent under that section to the issue
of the prospectus, he withdrew his consent in writing before
a copy of the prospectus was lodged with the Registrar;
(b) if, after a copy of the prospectus was lodged with the
Registrar and before allotment or sale under the prospectus,
he, on becoming aware of the untrue statement, withdrew his
consent in writing and gave reasonable public notice of the
withdrawal and of the reasons for the withdrawal; or
(c) if he was competent to make the statement and had
reasonable ground to believe and did, up to the time of the
allotment or sale of the shares or debentures, believe that the
statement was true.
(7) When
(a) a prospectus contains the name of a person as a director
of the company, or as having agreed to become a director, and
he has not consented to become a director, or has withdrawn
his consent before the issue of the prospectus and has not
authorised or consented to its issue; or
(b) the consent of a person is required under section 296 to
the issue of a prospectus and he either has not given the
consent or has withdrawn it before the issue of the
prospectus,
LAWS OF GUYANA
any person who authorised or caused the issue of the prospectus and the
directors of the company, other than those directors without whose
knowledge or consent the prospectus was issued, shall be liable to
indemnify the person so named or whose consent was so required
against all damages, costs and expenses to which he might be liable by
reason of his name having been inserted in the prospectus, or of the
inclusion therein of a statement purporting to be made by him as an
expert, or in defending himself against any action or legal proceedings
brought against him in respect thereof.
Subscription List and Minimum Subscription
298. (1) No allotment may be made of any shares or debentures of a
company in pursuance of a prospectus and no proceedings may be taken
on applications made in pursuance of a prospectus until the beginning of
the fifth day after that on which the prospectus is first issued, or any such
later time as is specified in the prospectus, and the beginning of that fifth
day or specified later time is referred to in this section as the time of the
opening of the subscription lists.
(2) An application for shares or debentures of a company made
in pursuance of a prospectus shall not be revocable until after the
expiration of the fifth day from the time of the opening of the subscription
lists, or the giving before the expiration of that fifth day, by some person
responsible under this Act for the prospectus, of a public notice having
the effect of excluding or limiting the responsibility of the person giving
it.
(3) Although an allotment made in contravention of this section
shall be void, it shall not affect any allotment of the same shares or
debentures later made to the same applicant.
(4) In reckoning for the purposes of this section the fifth day from
another day, and intervening day that is a public holiday must be
disregarded; and if the fifth day as so reckoned falls on a Saturday,
Sunday or public holiday, the first day thereafter that is not a Saturday,
Sunday or public holiday shall be deemed to be the fifth day for those
purposes.
Subscription
lists.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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L.R.O. 3/1998
299. (1) Unless all the shares or debentures offered for subscription
by a prospectus issued to the public are underwritten, the prospectus
must state the minimum amount of money required to be raised by the
company by issuing the shares or debentures, in this Division, referred
to as the minimum subscription.
(2) No allotment may be made of any shares or debentures of a
company that are offered to the public unless
(a) the minimum subscription has been subscribed; and
(b) the sum payable on application for the shares or
debentures has been received by the company,
and, if a cheque for the sum payable has been received by the company,
the sum shall be deemed not to have been received by the company until
the cheque is paid by the bank on which it is drawn.
(3) If the conditions referred to in subsection (2) have not been
complied with on the expiration of forty days after the first issue of the
prospectus, all moneys received from the applicant for any shares or
debentures must be forthwith repaid to them without interest and, if any
such moneys are not so repaid within forty-eight days after the issue of
the prospectus, the directors of the company shall, subject to subsection
(4), be jointly and severally liable to repay that money with interest at the
rate of six per cent per annum from the expiration of the forty-eighth day.
(4) A director shall not be liable to repay moneys under
subsection (3) if the default in any repayment of moneys was not due to
any default or negligence on his part.
(5) A condition shall be void that purports to require or bind any
applicant for shares or debentures to waive compliance with a
requirement of this section.
(6) This section shall not apply to an allotment of shares
subsequent to the first allotment of shares offered to the public for
subscription.
Minimum
subscription.
LAWS OF GUYANA
300. All application money and other moneys paid prior to an allotment
by an applicant on account of shares or debentures offered to the public
must, until the allotment of the shares or debentures, be held by the
company or, in the case of an intended company, by the persons named
in the prospectus as proposed directors and by the incorporators, upon
trust for the applicant, but there shall be no obligation or duty on any bank
or third person with whom any such moneys have been deposited to
inquire into or see to the proper application of those moneys so long as
the bank or person acts in good faith.
Remedial Actions
301. (1) A shareholder or a debenture holder may bring, against a
company that has allotted shares or debentures under a prospectus, an
action for the rescission of all allotments and the repayment to the
shareholders or debenture-holders of the whole or part of the issue price
that has been paid in respect of the shares or debentures if
(a) the prospectus contained a material statement, promise
or forecast that was false, deceptive or misleading; or
(b) the prospectus did not contain a material statement,
report or account required under this Act to be contained in
it.
(2) In this section
(a) debenture-holder means a holder of any of the
debentures allotted under the prospectus, whether the original
allottee or a person deriving title under him;
(b) shareholder means a holder of any of the shares
allotted under the prospectus, whether the original allottee or
a person deriving title under him.
(3) For the purposes of this section, a prospectus shall contain a
material statement, promise or forecast if the statement, promise or
forecast was made in such a manner or context, or in such
circumstances, as to be likely to influence a reasonable man in deciding
whether to invest in the shares or debentures offered for subscription,
and a statement, report or account shall be considered omitted from a
Escrow of
subscription
money.
Rescission of
contract.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
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prospectus if it is omitted entirely, or if it does not contain all the
information required by this Act to be given in the statement, report or
account.
(4) In an action brought under this section, the plaintiff need not
prove that he, or the person to whom the shares or debentures he holds
were allotted, was in fact influenced by the statement, promise or
forecast that he alleges to be false, deceptive or misleading, or by the
omission of any report, statement, or account required to be contained
in the prospectus.
(5) No action may be brought under this section more than two
years after the first issue of the prospectus under which shares or
debentures were allotted to the plaintiff or the person under whom the
plaintiff derives title.
(6) If judgment is given in favour of a plaintiff under this section,
the allotment of all shares or debentures under the same prospectus,
whether allotted to the plaintiff or the person under whom he derives title
or to other persons, shall be void, and judgment must be entered in favour
of all such persons for the payment by the company to them severally
of the amount paid in respect of the shares or debentures that they
respectively hold, but if any shareholder or debenture-holder at the date
judgment is so entered signifies to the company in writing, whether
before or after the entry of judgment, that he waives his right to rescind
the allotment of shares or debentures that he holds, he shall be deemed
not to be included among the persons in whose favour judgment is
entered.
(7) The operation of this section shall not be affected by the
company being liquidated or ceasing to pay its debts as they fall due, and
in the liquidation of the company a repayment due under subsection (6)
must be treated as a debt of the company payable immediately before
the repayment of the shares or debentures of the class in question, that
is to say
(a) in the case of a repayment in respect of shares, before
repayment of the capital paid up on shares of the same class,
and before any accumulated or unpaid dividends or any
LAWS OF GUYANA
premiums in respect of those shares, but after the payment of
all debts of the company and the satisfaction of all claims in
respect of prior ranking classes of shares; and
(b) in the case of a repayment in respect of debentures,
before the repayment of the principal of the debentures of the
same class, and before any unpaid interest or any premiums
in respect of those debentures, but after the payment of all
debts or liabilities of the company that this Act requires to be
paid before those debentures, and after the satisfaction of all
rights in respect of prior ranking class of debentures.
(8) Subject to subsection (9), it shall be a defence to an action
under this section for the company to prove that
(a) the plaintiff was the allottee of the shares or debentures
in right of which the action was brought and that at the time
they were allotted to him he knew that the statement, promise
or forecast of which he complains was false, deceptive or
misleading, or that he knew of the omission from the
prospectus of the matter of which he complains; or
(b) the plaintiff has received a dividend or payment of
interest or has voted at a meeting of shareholders or
debenture-holders since he discovered that the statement,
promise or forecast of which he complains was false,
deceptive or misleading, or since he discovered the omission
from the prospectus of the matter of which he complains.
(9) An action may not be dismissed if there are several plaintiffs,
when the company proves that it has a defence under subsection (8)
against each of them, and in any case in which the company proves that
it has a defence against the plaintiff or all the plaintiffs, the court may,
instead of dismissing the action, substitute some other shareholder or
debenture-holder of the same class as the plaintiff.
(10) If a company would have a defence under subsection (8) but
for the fact that the allottee of the shares or debentures in right of which
the action is brought has transferred or renounced them, the company
may bring an action against the allottee for an indemnity against any sum
that the court orders it to pay to the plaintiff in the action.
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(11) Subsections (8) and ( 10) shall apply also in the case of
shares and debentures of the same class as those in right of which a
plaintiff obtains and enters judgment against the company under
subsection (6)
(a) with the substitution in subsection (8) of references to
the shareholder or debenture-holder for references to the
plaintiff; and
(b) with the substitution in subsections (8) and (10) of
references to a right for the company to have the judgment set
aside in respect of the shares or debentures for references to
a defence to the action.
(12)This section shall apply to shares and debentures allotted
pursuant to an underwriting contract as if they had been allotted under
the prospectus.
(13)This section shall apply to shares or debentures issued under
a prospectus that offers them for subscription in consideration of the
transfer or surrender of other shares or debentures, whether with or
without the payment of cash by or to the company, as though the issue
price of the shares or debentures offered for subscription were the fair
value, as ascertained by the court, of the shares or debentures to be
transferred or surrendered, plus the amount of cash, if any, to be paid by
the company.
(14) The rights conferred on shareholders and debenture-holders
by this section shall be in substitution for all rights to rescission and
restitution in equity and all rights to sue the company at common law for
deceit or for false statements made negligently, and those common law
and equitable rights are hereby abolished in connection with
prospectuses, but without prejudice to claims for damages or
compensation against persons other than the company.
(15) An allotment made by a company to an applicant in
contravention of the provisions of sections 299 and 303 shall be voidable
at the instance of the applicant within one month after the date of the
allotment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
302. No allotment may be made, on the basis of a prospectus, of any
shares or debentures of a company that are offered to the public later
than three months after the issue of the prospectus.
Statement in Lieu of Prospectus
303. A public company that does not issue a prospectus on or with
reference to its formation may not allot any of its shares or debentures
unless at least three days before the first allotment of either shares or
debentures there has been lodged with the Registrar for registration a
statement in lieu of prospectus that complies with the requirements of
this Division.
304. (1) To comply with the requirements of this Division a statement
in lieu of prospectus lodged by or on behalf of a company
(a) must be signed by every person who is named therein as
a director or a proposed director of the company or by his
agent authorised in writing;
(b) must disclose any commission payable by virtue of
section 49; and
(c) must subject to the provisions contained in Part III of the
Second Schedule, be in the form of and state the matters
specified in Part I of that Schedule and set out the reports
specified in Part II of that Schedule.
(2) The Registrar may not accept for registration any statement
in lieu of prospectus unless it appears to the Registrar to comply with the
requirements of this Act.
(3) Subsections (3) to (6) of section 294 shall apply in relation to
the registration of or refusal to register a statement in lieu of prospectus
as they apply in relation to the registration of or refusal to register a
prospectus.
Time limit on
allotment.
Restriction on
allotment.
Statement in
lieu of
prospectus.
Second
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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L.R.O. 3/1998
DIVISION E
INSIDER TRADING
305. (1) In this Division
business combination means an acquisition of all, or substantially all,
of the property of one body corporate by another body corporate
or an amalgamation of two or more bodies corporate.
share means a share in a company carrying voting rights in all
circumstances or by reason of the occurrence of any event that has
occurred and that is continuing, and includes
(i) a share currently convertible into a share carrying
those rights; and
(ii) a right to acquire a share carrying those rights or a
share of a kind mentioned in paragraph (i).
(2) For the purposes of this Division, a body corporate shall be
deemed to be controlled by a person if shares in the body corporate
carrying voting rights sufficient to elect a majority of the directors of the
body corporate are held, directly or indirectly, otherwise than by way of
security only, by or on behalf of that person.
306. (1) In this section and section 307
call means an option, transferable by delivery, to demand delivery of
a specified number or amount of shares at a fixed price within a
specified time but shall not include an option or right to acquire
shares of the company that granted the option or right to acquire;
distributing company means a company
(i) any of the shares in, or debentures of, which are or
were offered to the public and remain outstanding; and
(ii) which has more than one shareholder or debenture-
holder;
Definitions.
Interpretation
for the
purpose of
section 307.
LAWS OF GUYANA
insider means
(i) an officer of a distributing company;
(ii) a distributing company that purchases or otherwise
acquires, except under section 40, shares issued by it or a
company in the same group of companies as it; or
(iii) a person who beneficially owns more than ten per
cent of the shares in a distributing company, or who
exercises control or direction over more than ten per cent of
the votes, attached to shares in a distributing company,
excluding shares owned by an underwriter under an
underwriting agreement while those shares are in the
course of being offered to the public;
put means an option, transferable by delivery, to deliver a specified
number or amount of shares at a fixed price within a specified time.
(2) For the purposes of this section and section 307
(a) an officer of a body corporate that is an insider of a
distributing company shall be deemed to be an insider of the
distributing company;
(b) an officer of a body corporate that is a subsidiary of a
distributing company shall be deemed to be an insider of the
distributing company;
(c) a person shall be deemed to own beneficially shares
beneficially owned by a body corporate controlled by him
directly or indirectly;
(d) a body corporate shall be deemed to own beneficially
shares beneficially owned by a company in the same group of
companies as the body corporate; and
(e) the acquisition by an insider of an option or a right to
acquire a share shall be deemed to be a change in the
beneficial ownership of the share to which the option or right
to acquire relates.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
217 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) if a body corporate becomes an insider of a distributing
company, or enters into a business combination with a
distributing company, an officer of the body corporate shall be
deemed to have been an insider of the distributing company
for the previous six months or for such shorter period as he
was an officer of the body corporate; and
(b) if a distributing company becomes the insider of a body
corporate or enters into a business combination with a body
corporate an officer of the body corporate shall be deemed to
have been an insider of the distributing company for the
previous six months or for such shorter period as he was an
officer of the body corporate.
307. (1) An insider shall not knowingly sell, directly or indirectly, a
share in a distributing company or in any company in the same group of
companies as a distributing company if the insider selling the share does
not own, or has not fully paid for, the share to be sold.
(2) An insider shall not, directly or indirectly, buy a call or put in
respect of a share in a distributing company or in any company in the
same group of companies as a distributing company.
(3) Notwithstanding subsection (1), an insider may sell a share he
does not own if he owns another share convertible into the share sold or
an option or right to acquire the share sold and, within ten days after the
sale, he
(a) exercises the conversion privilege, option or right and
delivers the share so acquired to the purchaser; or
(b) transfers the convertible share, option or right to the
purchaser.
308. (1) In this section and section 309, insider means
(a) an officer of a company;
(b) a company that purchases or otherwise acquires shares
issued by it or by any company in the same group of
companies as it;
Prohibition of
short sale, etc.
Interpretation
for the
purpose of
section 309.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(c) a person who beneficially owns more than ten per cent
of the shares in a company or who exercises control or
direction over more than ten per cent of the votes attached to
the shares in a company;
(d) a person employed or retained by a company, including
professional, technical or commercial advisers;
(e) an associate of, or a company in the same group of
companies as, a person mentioned in paragraphs (a) to (d);
and
(f) a person who receives specific confidential information
from a person described in this subsection, including a person
described in this paragraph, and who has knowledge that the
person giving the information is a person described in this
subsection, including a person described in this paragraph.
(a) an officer of a body corporate that is an insider of a
company shall be deemed to be an insider of the company;
(b) an officer of a body corporate that is a subsidiary shall
be deemed to be an insider of its holding company;
(c) a person shall be deemed to own beneficially shares
beneficially owned by a body corporate controlled by him
directly or indirectly; and
(d) a body corporate shall be deemed to own beneficially
shares beneficially owned by a company in the same group of
companies as the body corporate.
(a) if a body corporate becomes an insider of a company, or
enters into a business combination with a company, an officer
of the body corporate shall be deemed to have been an insider
of the company for the previous six months or for such shorter
period as he was an officer of the body corporate; and
(b) if a company becomes an insider of a body corporate, or
enters into a business combination with a body corporate, an
officer of the body corporate shall be deemed to have been
an insider of the company for the previous six months or for
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such shorter period as he was an officer of the body
corporate.
309. (1) An insider who, in connection with a transaction in a share in,
or debenture of, a company or any company in the same group of
companies as the company, makes use of any specific confidential
information for his own benefit or advantage that, if generally known,
might reasonably be expected to affect materially the value of the share
or debenture
(a) shall be liable to compensate any person for any direct
loss suffered by that person as a result of the transaction
unless the information was known or in the exercise of
reasonable diligence could have been known to that person at
the time of the transaction; and
(b) shall be accountable to the company for any direct
benefit or advantage received or receivable by the insider as
a result of the transaction.
(2) An action to enforce a right created by subsection (1) may be
commenced only within two years after the date of completion of the
transaction that gave rise to the cause of action.
PART IV
OTHER REGISTERED COMPANIES
DIVISION A
EXTERNAL COMPANIES
external company means any incorporated or unincorporated body
formed under the laws of a country other than Guyana;
undertaking means, in relation to an external company, any business
or undertaking carried on by the external company.
Liability of
insider.
Definitions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) An external company shall be carrying on an undertaking in
Guyana if
(a) business of the company is regularly transacted from an
office in Guyana established or used for the purpose;
(b) the company establishes or uses a share transfer or
share registration office in Guyana;
(c) the company enters into two or more contracts with
persons resident in Guyana, or with companies incorporated
under this Act, being contracts which
(i) are entered into in connection with the business of the
company; and
(ii) by their express or implied terms are to be wholly or
substantially performed in Guyana, or may be so performed
at the option of any party to the contract;
(d) the company appoints an agent who resides or has a
place of business in Guyana to represent the company in
connection with the making or performance of two or more
contracts of a kind referred to in paragraph (c), or in
connection with the transactions in Guyana of the company
generally, whether the appointment is made for a fixed period
of time or not; or
(e) the company owns, possesses or uses assets situated in
Guyana for the purpose of carrying on or pursuing its business
if it obtains or seeks to obtain from those assets, directly or
indirectly, profit or gain, whether realised in Guyana or not.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), where an external
company is listed with a telephone number in Guyana under the name
of the external company in a telephone directory published for use in
Guyana, the external company shall be presumed, in the absence of
evidence to the contrary, to be carrying on an undertaking in Guyana.
311. This Division shall not apply to an external company that carries
on its undertaking on a co-operative basis within the meaning of the Co-
operative Societies Act or that is exempted from this Division by an
order published in the Gazette, which may be made by the Minister.
Exceptions.
c. 88:01
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L.R.O. 3/1998
312. (1) No external company shall begin or carry on any undertaking
in Guyana until it is registered under this Act.
(2) Every external company that was carrying on an undertaking
in Guyana immediately before the commencement of this Act must,
within twelve months after the commencement of this Act, apply to the
Registrar for registration under this Act.
(3) An external company whose name appears on the register
maintained by the Registrar pursuant to section 470 shall be presumed
to be registered under this Act, and an external company whose name
does not appear on that register shall be presumed not to be registered
under this Act.
(4) Until the expiration of twelve months from the
commencement of this Act, subsection (1) shall not apply to an external
company that was carrying on an undertaking in Guyana on the
313. (1) Subject to subsection (2) and to sections 491 and 492, an
external company, upon payment of the prescribed fee, shall be entitled
to be registered under this Act for any lawful undertaking.
(2) An application for registration under this Act by an external
company may be referred by the Registrar to the Minister, who may
order the Registrar to refuse registration.
314. (1) In the prescribed circumstances, the Registrar may restrict
the powers or activities that an external company can exercise or carry
on in Guyana.
(2) When any powers or activities of an external company are
restricted under subsection (1), the company shall not exercise those
powers or carry on those activities in Guyana.
(3) Where any powers or activities of an external company are
to be restricted pursuant to subsection (1)
Prohibition.
Registration
required.
Restrictions on
activities.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) the Registrar must notify the company of what he
intends to do;
(b) the company may appeal to the Minister within twenty-
eight days from the date on which the notification from the
Registrar was received by the company; and
(c) the Minister may confirm, vary or overrule the decision
of the Registrar.
315. An external company that has been continued from the
amalgamation of two or more external companies must comply with
section 318 as though it were a new registration of an external company,
irrespective of the fact that one or more of the external companies that
were continued by the amalgamated company had been registered
under this Act at the date of the amalgamation or thereafter.
316. (1) In order to register under this Act, an external company shall
within one month after it commences to carry on business in Guyana, file
with the Registrar a statement in duplicate in the prescribed form setting
out
(a) the name of the company;
(b) the jurisdiction within which the company was
incorporated;
(c) the date of its incorporation;
(d) the manner in which it was incorporated;
(e) the particulars of its corporate instruments;
(f) the period, if any, fixed by its corporate instruments for
the duration of the company;
(g) the extent, if any, to which the liability of the
shareholders or members of the company is limited;
(h) the undertaking that the company will carry on in
Guyana;
(i) the date on which the company intends to commence
any of its undertakings in Guyana;
(j) the authorised, subscribed and paid-up or stated capital
of the company and the shares that the company is authorised
to issue and their nominal or par value, if any;
(k) the full address of the registered or head office of the
company outside Guyana;
External
amalgamated
company.
Registering
external
companies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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223 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(l) the full address of the principal office of the company in
Guyana; and
(m) the full names, addresses and occupations of the
directors of the company.
(2) The statement under subsection (1) must be accompanied
with
(a) a statutory declaration by two directors of the company
that verifies on behalf of the company the particulars set out
in the statement;
(b) a copy of the corporate instruments of the company;
(c) a statutory declaration by an attorney-at-law that this
section has been complied with;
(d) the prescribed fees; and
(e) a power of attorney in accordance with section 318.
(3) The Registrar may accept the declaration referred to in
subsection (2) (c) as sufficient evidence of compliance with the
requirements of this section.
317. When a document that is required to be filed under section 316
is not in the English language, a notarially certified translation of that
document must be provided unless the Registrar otherwise directs.
318. (1) An external company must file with the Registrar a fully
executed power of attorney in the prescribed form that will empower
some person named in the power and resident in Guyana to act as the
attorney of the company for the purpose of receiving service of process
in all suits and proceedings by or against the company in Guyana and of
receiving all lawful notices.
(2) A power of attorney under subsection (1) must declare that
service of process in respect of suits and proceedings by or against the
company and of lawful notices on the attorney will be binding on the
company for all purposes.
(3) An external company may, by another power of attorney
executed and deposited in accordance with this section
Language.
Attorney of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) appoint another attorney in Guyana for the purposes set
forth in the power; and
(b) replace the attorney previously appointed pursuant to
this section.
319. If an attorney named in a power of attorney executed by an
external company under section 318 ceases to reside in Guyana or if the
power of attorney becomes invalid or ineffectual for any other reason,
the company must file another power of attorney pursuant to section
318.
320. (1) Service of process and notices on an attorney for an external
company appointed under a power of attorney registered under section
318 shall be legal and binding service on the company.
(2) Any process or notice required to be served on an external
company shall be sufficiently served if addressed to the attorney whose
name has been filed with the Registrar under this Division and left at or
sent by post to the address which has been so filed, but where any such
company makes default in filing with the Registrar the name and address
of the attorney resident in Guyana who is authorised to accept on behalf
of the company service or process or notices, a document may be served
on the company by leaving it at or sending it by post to any place of
business established by the company in Guyana.
(3) Where
(a) subsection (2) applies; and
(b) the company concerned has no place of business in
Guyana,
any process or notice required to be served on the company shall be
sufficiently served if addressed to the company and left at or sent by post
to any place of business of the company in the country of its
incorporation.
Failure of
power.
Capacity of
attorney.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
225 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) When an attorney for an external company appointed under
a power registered under section 318 signs a deed on behalf of the
company, the deed shall be binding on the company in Guyana if the
company has empowered the attorney to execute deeds and he
executes it with the attorneys own seal.
(5) A deed that is binding under subsection (4) on an external
company shall have the same effect as if it were under the seal of the
external company.
321. (1) When the Registrar has, in respect of an external company,
received the statements and other documents required under this Act
together with the prescribed fees, the Registrar must
(a) issue a certificate showing that the company has been
registered as an external company under this Act; and
(b) publish in the Gazette a notice of the registration of the
company as an external company,
but subject to his discretionary powers under this Division.
(2) A certificate of registration issued under this section to an
external company shall be conclusive proof of the registration of the
company on the date shown in the certificate and of any other facts that
the certificate purports to certify.
322. Subject to this Division and any other laws of Guyana, an external
company that is registered under this Act may carry on its undertaking
in Guyana in accordance with its certificate of registration and may
exercise its corporate powers within Guyana.
323. (1) Subject to such regulations as the Minister may make in that
behalf, the Minister may suspend or revoke the registration of any
external company for failing to comply with any requirements of this
Division or for any other prescribed cause, and the Minister may, subject
to those regulations, remove a suspension or cancel a revocation.
Certificate of
registration.
Effect of
registration.
Suspension of
registration.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The rights of the creditors of an external company shall not
be affected by the suspension or revocation of its registration under this
Act.
(3) The Registrar must publish forthwith in the Gazette a notice
of any suspension or revocation of the registration of an external
company under this Act.
324. (1) When an external company ceases to carry on its undertaking
in Guyana, the company shall, within twenty-eight days file a notice to
that effect with the Registrar, who must thereupon cancel the
registration of the company under this Act.
(2) If an external company ceases to exist and the Registrar is
made aware of that circumstance by evidence satisfactory to him, the
Registrar may cancel the registration of the company under this Act.
(3) If the Minister is of the opinion that the public convenience
will be served thereby, the Minister may, by publishing in the Gazette a
notice to that effect, cancel the registration of an external company
under this Act.
325. (1) Subject to subsection (4), where the registration of an
external company has been cancelled under section 324, the Registrar
may revive the registration of the external company under this Act if the
company files with him such documents as he may require and pays the
prescribed fee.
(2) A registration of an external company shall be revived when
the Registrar issues a new certificate of registration to the company.
(3) The Registrar may require the external company to whom he
has issued a new certificate under this section to publish in the Gazette
at its own expense a notice of the revival of its registration.
(4) The Registrar may not revive the registration of a company
the registration of which was cancelled by the Minister pursuant to
section 324(3).
Cancellation of
registration.
Revival of
registration.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
227 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
326. Registration or revival of registration under this Act of an
external company shall retroactively authorise all previous acts of the
company as though the company had been registered at the time of those
acts, except for the purposes of a prosecution for any offence under this
Division.
327. (1) An external company carrying on any undertaking in Guyana
shall paint or affix its name and place of business in the English language
in a conspicuous place in easily legible letters, and keep that information
so painted and affixed, on the outside of its head office in Guyana and
every other office or place in Guyana in which it carries on its
undertaking in Guyana.
(2) An external company carrying on any undertaking in Guyana
shall, in the transaction of its undertaking within Guyana have its name
mentioned in legible characters in
(a) all notices, advertisements and other official publications
of the company;
(b) all bills of exchange, promissory notes, endorsements,
cheques and orders for money or goods purporting to be
signed by or on behalf of the company; and
(c) all bills of parcels, invoices, receipts and letters of credit
of the company.
328. (1) Where, in the case of an external company registered under
this Act
(a) the name of the company has been changed;
(b) the corporate instruments of the company have been
altered to reflect a change within the meaning of the Fourth
Schedule;
(c) the objects of the company have been altered or its
business has been restricted; or
(d) any change is made among its directors,
the company shall, within twenty-eight days after the change has been
made, file with the Registrar duly certified copies of the instruments by
which the change has been made or ordered to be made.
Previous
activities.
Name display.
Fundamental
changes.
Fourth
Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Upon receipt of the duly certified copies referred to in
subsection (1) and the prescribed fee, the Registrar must enter the
change of name in the register and, with the approval of the Minister,
enter a record of such other changes in the register as he considers to
be in the public interest.
(3) The registration of an external company under this Act shall
cease to be valid sixty days after a change described in subsection (1)
is made or ordered unless within that period the change is filed with the
Registrar pursuant to subsection (1).
(4) Upon the registration under this section of a change in respect
of an external company, the Registrar must
(a) issue to the company a certificate of the change under
his hand in a form adapted to the circumstances; and
(b) if the change involves a change of name, publish notice
of the change in the Gazette as soon as conveniently possible.
(5) A certificate issued under subsection (4) and a notice
published in the Gazette under that subsection shall be admissible in
evidence as conclusive proof of the change therein set out.
329. (1) Subject to this section, every external company shall in every
calendar year make out a balance sheet and profit and loss account and,
if the company is a holding company, group accounts in such form, and
containing such particulars and including such documents, as under the
provisions of this Act it would, if it had been a public company
incorporated under this Act, have been required to make out and lay
before the company in general meeting and lodge a copy of those
documents with the Registrar for registration.
(2) The annual accounts of an external company shall, in addition
to the matters specified in the Sixth Schedule, contain the following
particulars, namely
(a) the fixed assets and current assets of the company, and
its assets which are neither fixed nor current shall be
separately identified and classified, and any such assets
Accounts of
company
carrying on
business in
Guyana.
Sixth Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
229 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
situate in Guyana shall be distinguished from any such assets
situate elsewhere;
(b) the amount of the companys cash held by banks, and
any amount held by banks licensed to carry on business of
banking under any law in force in Guyana relating to banking
shall be distinguished from cash held by other banks;
(c) the amount of bank loans and overdrafts made or
extended to the company, and any such amount so made or
extended, by banks so licensed shall be distinguished from
bank loans and overdrafts made by other banks;
(d) the aggregate amount of the companys debts and
liabilities to persons resident in Guyana or to companies
incorporated under this Act shall be shown, and there shall
also be shown the amount of such debts and liabilities
which
(i) are already due or will become due within twelve
months after the date as at which the annual accounts of the
company are made out;
(ii) will become due between twelve months and thirty-
six months after that date; and
(iii) will become due more than thirty-six months after
that date; and
(e) the aggregate amount of the companys debts and
liabilities which are secured by a mortgage, charge, or lien on
movable or immovable property situate in Guyana.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)
(a) a debt shall be deemed to be due on the earliest date on
which the creditor could require payment to be made;
(b) the whole of a debt shall be deemed to be due when any
instalment of it falls due; and
(c) an external company shall be deemed to be indebted to
debenture stockholders and loan stockholders for the
principal amount and any arrears or interest in respect of the
debenture stock or loan stock held by them.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) The Minister may by order exempt any external company
from compliance with subsection (1) or (2), or from both those
subsections, on such terms and conditions as he thinks fit if
(a) he is satisfied that the company has, and will maintain, in
Guyana sufficient cash and readily realisable assets to satisfy
its debts as they fall due; or
(b) a company (whether an external company or not) which
is the holding company of the external company has delivered
to the Registrar a written undertaking to pay all the present
and future debts and liabilities of the company to persons
resident or companies incorporated in Guyana.
(5) A written undertaking in respect of the debts and liabilities of
an external company delivered under subsection (4) shall be
enforceable
(a) by any creditor of the external company who was
resident in Guyana at the time that the debt or liability to him
was incurred, or which is a company incorporated in Guyana,
as though the undertaking were a written guarantee of the
amount payable to the creditor and given to him by the holding
company for valuable consideration; and
(b) in the winding up of the external company as though the
company were an unlimited company and the holding
company were its only member, but without prejudice to the
liability (if any) of the other members, shareholders, or
contributories of the external company under this Act.
(6) The Minister may at any time revoke an exemption granted
by him under subsection (4), and thereupon any undertaking delivered
by a holding company under that subsection shall cease to have effect,
but without prejudice to the liability of the holding company in respect of
debts and liabilities of the external company incurred to persons acting
in good faith without notice of the revocation before it is advertised under
subsection (7).
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
231 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(7) The Minister shall advertise the revocation of an exemption
granted under this section in the Gazette and in at least one daily
newspaper circulating in Guyana as soon as conveniently possible after
the revocation takes place.
(8) Upon the advertisement of revocation under subsection (7),
subsections (1) and (2) shall apply to the external company as though it
were thereby required to deliver copies of its annual accounts to the
Registrar as from the date of the advertisement of the revocation, and
it shall deliver copies of its annual accounts for its financial year ending
last before that date within three months after that date.
(9) If any document delivered to the Registrar under this section
is not written in the English language, there shall be annexed to it a
certified translation thereof.
330. (1) An external company that is not registered under this Act
may not maintain any action, suit or other proceeding in any court in
Guyana in respect of any contract made in whole or in part within
Guyana in the course of or in connection with the carrying on of any
undertaking by the company in Guyana.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), when an external company
described in that subsection becomes registered under this Act or has
its registration restored, as the case may be, the company may then
maintain an action, suit or other proceeding in respect of the contract
described in subsection (1) as though the company had never been
disabled under that subsection, whether or not the contract was made
or proceeding instituted by the company before the date the company
was registered or had its registration restored.
(3) In the case of an external company whose registration has
been restored, subsection (2) shall be subject to the terms of any
conditions imposed upon the company or to the terms of any order of the
court in respect of the restoration of the companys registration.
Incapacity of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) Where an assignment of a debt or any chose in action is made
by an external company described in subsection (1) to an individual or
to a body corporate having the capacity to maintain any action, suit or
other proceeding in a court in Guyana
(a) that individual or body corporate; or
(b) any person claiming under the individual or body
corporate,
may not maintain, in any court in Guyana, any action, suit or other
proceeding that is based on the subject of the assignment unless the
external company is registered under this Act during the time the action,
suit or other proceeding is being proceeded with.
(5) Subsection (4) shall not apply in respect of an external
company that is a judgment creditor applying to have a judgment
registered in the High Court under the Foreign Judgments (Reciprocal
Enforcement) Act or the Judgments Extension Ordinance.
331. Where an action, suit or proceeding has been dismissed or
otherwise decided against an external company on the ground that an act
or transaction of the company was invalid or prohibited by reason of the
companys not being registered under this Act, the company may, when
it becomes registered under this Act and upon such terms as to costs as
the court may order, maintain a new action, suit or other proceeding as
if no judgment had been given or entered therein.
332. (1) The provisions of sections 17 to 22, the provisions of Divisions
B to E of Part III, sections 491 and 492, Division B of Part VI, and the
First Schedule shall apply mutatis mutandis to external companies.
(2) For the purposes of its application pursuant to subsection (1)
to an external company, incorporated or formed or to be incorporated or
formed
(a) section 288 shall have effect as if it included a
requirement, in relation to a prospectus, that it contains
particulars with respect to
c. 7:04
Cap. 27 1953
Ed.
Resumption of
action.
Other
provisions.
First Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
233 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(i) the instrument constituting or defining the
constitution of the company;
(ii) the enactments or provisions having the force of an
enactment by or under which the incorporation or formation
was or is to be effected;
(iii) an address in Guyana where such instruments,
enactments or provisions or certified copies thereof may be
inspected;
(iv) the date on which and the place where the company
was or is to be incorporated or formed; and
(v) whether the company has established a place of
business in Guyana and, if so, the address of its principal
office in Guyana;
(b) paragraph 2 of Part I of the First Schedule shall, for the
purposes of section 288, have effect as if a reference to the
constitution of the company were substituted for a reference
to the by-laws;
(c) section 294(2) shall have effect as if, immediately after
the word Act in paragraph (b), the following occurred
or the Registrar is satisfied, if the company is an external
company incorporated or formed in a country which is a
Member State of the Caribbean Community that
(i) the prospectus has been registered or is acceptable
for registration by the person who exercises under a law in
force in that country that corresponds to this section,
functions similar to those exercised by the Registrar under
this section; and
(ii) the prospectus complies with the requirements
referred to in subsection (2)(a); and
(d) section 294(2) shall have effect as if, immediately after
the word included in paragraph (d), the following
occurred
(except where, in the case of a prospectus of a company
which is an external company incorporated or formed or to
be incorporated or formed in a country which is a Member
First Schedule.
LAWS OF GUYANA
State of the Caribbean Community, the prospectus has been
registered or is acceptable for registration by the person in
that country who performs, under a law in force in that
country that corresponds to this section, functions similar to
those exercised by the Registrar under this section).
333. An external company registered under this Division shall have
the power to hold land in Guyana as may be authorised by licence of the
President.
DIVISION B
FORMER-ACT COMPANIES
334. (1) Upon the commencement of this Act
(a) all corporate instruments of a former-Act company; and
(b) all cancellations, suspensions, proceedings, acts,
registrations and things,
lawfully done under any provision of the former Act shall be presumed
to have been lawfully done under this Act and continue in effect under
this Act as though they had been lawfully done under this Act.
(2) For the purposes of this section lawfully done means to
have been lawfully granted, issued, imposed, taken, done, commenced,
filed, or passed as the circumstances require.
335. (1) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act but subject to
subsection (3), if any provision of a corporate instrument of a former-
Act company lawfully in force immediately before the commencement
of this Act is inconsistent with, repugnant to, or not in compliance with
this Act, that provision shall not be illegal or invalid only by reason of that
inconsistency, repugnancy or non-compliance.
(2) Any act, matter or proceeding or thing done or taken by the
former-Act company or any director, shareholder, member or officer of
the company under a provision mentioned in subsection (1) shall not be
Holding of
land by
external
company.
Former-Act
company.
Effect of
corporate
instrument.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
235 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
illegal or invalid by reason only of the inconsistency, repugnancy or non-
compliance mentioned in that subsection or by reason of being prohibited
or not authorised by the law as it is after the commencement of this Act.
(3) Section 96 shall apply to a former-Act company immediately
upon the commencement of this Act.
336. (1) Every former-Act company shall within two years after the
commencement of this Act
(a) apply to the Registrar for a certificate of continuance
under this Act; and
(b) comply with the requirement of section 9.
(2) No fee in excess of one thousand five hundred dollars to
defray administration costs may be prescribed in respect of an
application and certificate of continuance under this Division.
337. Within the period referred to in section 336 any amendments to
or replacement of the corporate instruments of a former-Act company
shall be made as nearly as possible in accordance with this Act.
338. (1) Articles of continuation may, without so stating in the articles,
effect any amendment to the corporate instruments of a former-Act
company if the amendment is an amendment that a company
incorporated under this Act can make in its articles.
(2) Articles of continuation in the prescribed form must be sent
to the Registrar together with the documents required by sections 67 and
188.
(3) A shareholder or member may not dissent under paragraph
14 of Part IV of the Fourth Schedule in respect of an amendment made
under subsection (1).
339. (1) Upon receipt of an application under this Part, the Registrar
may, and, if the applicant complies with all reasonable requirements of
the Registrar to have the continued company accord with the
Continuation
as company.
6 of 1997]
Amending
instrument.
Articles of
continuation.
Fourth
Schedule.
Certificate of
continuation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
requirements of this Act, the Registrar must, issue a certificate of
continuation to the former-Act company, in accordance with section
479.
(2) On the date shown in the certificate of continuation
(a) the former-Act company shall become a company to
which this Act applies as if it had been incorporated under this
Act;
(b) The articles of continuation shall be the. articles of
incorporation of the continued company; and
(c) except for the purposes of section 63(1), the certificate
of continuance shall be the certificate of incorporation of the
continued company.
340. (1) When a former-Act company is continued as a company
under this Act
(a) the property of the former-Act company shall continue
to be the property of the company;
(b) the company shall continue to be liable for the obligations
of the former-Act company;
(c) an existing cause of action, claim or liability to prosecute
shall be unaffected;
(d) a civil, criminal or administrative action or proceeding
pending by or against the former-Act company may be
continued by or against the company; and
(e) a conviction against, or ruling, order or judgment in
favour of or against, the former-Act company may be
enforced by or against the company.
(2) When the Registrar determines, on the application of a
former-Act company, that it is not practicable to change a reference to
the nominal or par value of shares of a class or series that the former-
Act company was authorised to issue before it was continued as a
company under this Act, the Registrar may, notwithstanding section 27,
permit the company to continue to refer in its articles to those shares,
whether issued or non-issued as shares having a nominal or par value.
Preservation of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
237 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) A company must set out in its articles the maximum number
of shares of a class or series referred to in subsection (2), and it may not
amend its articles to increase that maximum number of shares or to
change the nominal or par value of the shares.
341. (1) A share of a former-Act company issued before the
company was continued under this Act shall be presumed to have been
issued in compliance with this Act and with the provisions of the articles
of continuation irrespective of whether the share is fully paid and
irrespective of any designation, rights, privileges, restrictions or
conditions attached to the share, or set out on, or referred to in, the
certificate representing the share, and continuance under this Act shall
not deprive a shareholder of any right or privilege that he claims under
an issued share of the company, nor shall it relieve him of any liability in
respect of an issued share of the company.
(2) For the purposes of this section, share includes an
instrument issued pursuant to section 34(1).
342. When a former-Act company fails to apply to the Registrar for
a certificate of continuation within the time limited therefor under section
336, then, after the expiration of that period
(a) the former-Act company may not, without leave, sue in
any court but may be made a defendant to a suit;
(b) no dividend shall be paid to any shareholder of the
former-Act company; and
(c) every director or manager of the former-Act company
shall be liable to a penalty of six hundred dollars a day for each
day during which the former-Act company carries on its
undertaking thereafter.
343. (1) A reference in any corporate instrument of any body
corporate to the former Act or any procedure under the former Act shall,
in relation to any former-Act company continued under this Act, be
construed as a reference to the provisions of this Act or procedure
thereunder that is the equivalent provision or procedure under this Act.
Various shares.
Non-
continuance
disability.
[6 of 1997]
Effect of
earlier
references.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Without affecting the operation of the Interpretation and
General Clauses Act when there is no equivalent provision in this Act
to the provision or procedure in or under the former Act referred to in
the corporate instrument of a body corporate, the provision or
proceeding of the former Act shall be applied and shall stand unrepealed
to the extent necessary to give effect to that reference in the corporate
instrument.
DIVISION C
APPLICATION OF ACT TO GOVERNMENT COMPANIES
344. For the purposes of this Act Government company means any
company in which not less than fifty-one per cent of the paid up share
capital is held by the Government and includes a company which is a
subsidiary of a Government company.
345. The provisions of sections 48 and 49 of Part VII of the Public
Corporations Act relating to accounts and audit shall apply mutatis
mutandis to Government companies.
346. (1) A Government company shall not later than six months after
the end of each calendar year submit to the Minister a report
containing
(a) an account of its transactions throughout the preceding
calendar year in such detail as the Minister may direct;
(b) a statement of the accounts of the company audited in
accordance with section 345.
(2) A copy of the report together with a copy of the auditors
report shall be printed and laid before the National Assembly not later
than nine months after each calendar year.
347. Subject to negative resolution of the National Assembly, the
Minister may, by order, direct that any of the provisions of this Act, other
than sections 345 and 346, specified in the order
(a) shall not apply to any Government company; or
c. 2:01
Definition of
Government
company.
Accounts and
audit.
c. 19:05
Annual report
on Govern-
ment com-
pany.
Power to
modify Act in
relation to
Government
companies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
239 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) shall apply to any Government company only with such
modifications, adaptations, qualifications and exceptions as
may be specified in the order.
PART V
WINDING UP
DIVISION A
PRELIMINARY
348. (1) The winding up of a company may be either
(a) by the court; or
(b) voluntary.
(2) The provisions of this Act with respect to winding up shall
apply, unless the contrary appears, to the winding up of a company in
either of those modes.
349. (1) In the event of a company being wound up, every present and
past member shall be liable to contribute to the assets of the company
to an amount sufficient for payment of its debts and expenses of the
winding up and for the adjustment of the rights of the members and past
members among themselves.
(2) Subsection (1) shall be subject to the following limitations,
namely
(a) a past member shall not be liable to contribute if he has
ceased to be a member for a period of one year or upwards
before the commencement of the winding up;
(b) a past member shall not be liable to contribute unless it
appears to the court that the existing members are unable to
satisfy the contributions required to be made by them in
pursuance of this section;
(c) no contribution shall be required from any member or
past member exceeding the amount, if any, unpaid on the
Modes of
winding up.
Liability as
contributories
of present and
past members.
LAWS OF GUYANA
shares in respect of which he is liable as a present or past
member; and
(d) any sum due from the company to a member or past
member, in his character of member, by way of dividend or
otherwise, shall not be set-off against the amounts for which
he is liable to contribute in accordance with this section, but
any such sum shall be taken into account for the purposes of
final adjustment of the rights of the members and past
members amongst themselves.
(3) For the purposes of subsections (1) and (2), past members
includes the estate of a deceased member and, where any person dies
after becoming liable as a member or past member, the liability shall be
enforceable against his estate.
(4) Except as provided in subsections (1) to (3), a member or past
member of a company shall not be liable as such for any of the debts or
liabilities of the company.
(5) In the event of a company being wound up, any instalment of
the issue price of a share remaining to be paid shall, with effect from the
commencement of the winding up, be treated as an amount unpaid on
the share whether or not the due date for the payment of the instalment
has occurred.
(6) Nothing in this Act shall invalidate any provision contained in
any policy of insurance or other contract whereby the liability of
individual members on the policy or contract is restricted, or whereby the
funds of the company are alone made liable in respect of the policy or
contract.
350. The term contributory means every person liable to contribute
to the assets of a company in the event of it being wound up, and for the
purposes of all proceedings for determining, and all proceedings prior to
the final determination of, the persons who are to be deemed
contributories, includes any person alleged to be a contributory.
Definition of
contributory.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
241 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
351. The liability of a contributory shall create a debt in the nature of
a specialty accruing due from the contributory at the time when his
liability commenced, but shall be payable at the times when calls are
made for enforcing the liability.
352. (1) If a contributory dies either before or after he has been placed
on the list of contributories, his personal representative shall be liable in
a due course of administration to contribute to the assets of the company
in discharge of his liability and shall be a contributory accordingly.
(2) If the personal representatives make default in paying any
money ordered to be paid by them, proceedings may be taken for
administering the estate of the deceased contributory, and for
compelling payment thereout of the money due.
353. If a contributory becomes bankrupt, either before or after he has
been placed on the list of contributories
(a) his trustee in bankruptcy shall represent him for all the
purposes of the winding up, and shall be a contributory
accordingly, and may be called on to admit proof against the
estate of the bankrupt, or otherwise to allow to be paid out of
his assets in due course of law, any money due from the
bankrupt in respect of his liability to contribute to the assets
of the company; and
(b) there may be proved against the estate of the bankrupt
the estimated value of his liability to future calls as well as calls
already made.
DIVISION B
WINDING UP BY THE COURT
Preliminary
354. A company may be wound up by the court if
(a) the company has by special resolution resolved that the
company be wound up by the court;
Nature of
liability of
contributory.
Contributories
in case of
death of
member.
Contributories
in case of
bankruptcy of
member.
Circumstances
in which
company may
be wound up
by court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the company does not commence its business within a
year from its incorporation, or suspends its business for a
whole year;
(c) the company is unable to pay its debts;
(d) an inspector appointed under Division B of Part VI has
reported that he is of the opinion
(i) that the company cannot pay its debts and should be
wound up; or
(ii) that it is in the interests of the public or of the
shareholders or of the creditors that the company should be
wound up; or
(e) the court is of the opinion that it is just and equitable that
the company should be wound up.
355. A company shall be deemed to be unable to pay its debts if
(a) a creditor, by assignment or otherwise, to whom the
company is indebted in a sum exceeding five hundred dollars
then due, has served on the company, by leaving it at the
registered office of the company, a demand under his hand or
under the hand of his agent lawfully authorised requiring the
company to pay the sum so due, and the company has for
three weeks thereafter neglected to pay the sum, or to secure
or compound for it to the reasonable satisfaction of the
creditor;
(b) execution or other process issued on a judgment, decree
or order of any court in favour of a creditor of the. company
is returned unsatisfied in whole or in part; or
(c) it is proved to the satisfaction of the court that the
company is unable to pay its debts and, in determining
whether a company is unable to pay its debts, the court shall
take into account the contingent and prospective liabilities of
the company.
356. (1) An application to the court for the winding up of a company
shall be by petition presented, subject to the provisions of this section,
either by
Definition of
inability to
pay debts.
Petition for
winding up.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
243 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) the company;
(b) a creditor, including a contingent or prospective creditor,
of the company;
(c) a contributory;
(d) the trustee in bankruptcy to, or personal representative
of, a creditor or contributory; or
(e) the Minister pursuant to section 505, or any two or more
of those parties.
(2) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (1)
(a) a contributory shall not be entitled to present a winding
up petition unless the shares in respect of which he is a
contributory, or some of them, either were originally allotted
to him or have been held by him, and registered in his name,
for at least six months during the eighteen months before the
commencement of the winding up, or have devolved on him
through the death of a former holder; and
(b) the court shall not hear a winding up petition presented
by a contingent or prospective creditor until such security for
costs has been given as the court thinks reasonable and until
a prima facie case for winding up has been established to the
satisfaction of the court.
(3) Where a company is being wound up voluntarily, a winding up
petition may be presented by the Official Receiver as well as by any
other person authorised in that behalf under the other provisions of this
section, but the court shall not make a winding up order on the petition
unless it is satisfied that the voluntary winding up cannot be continued
with due regard to the interests of the creditors or contributories.
(4) A contributory shall be entitled to present a winding up
petition notwithstanding that there may not be assets available on the
winding up for distribution to contributories.
357. (1) On hearing a winding up petition the court may dismiss it, or
adjourn the hearing conditionally or unconditionally, or make any interim
order, or any other order that it thinks fit, but the court shall not refuse
Powers of
court on
hearing
petition.
LAWS OF GUYANA
to make a winding up order on the ground only that the assets of the
company have been mortgaged to an amount equal to or in excess of
those assets, or that the company has no assets.
(2) Where the petition is presented by members of the company
as contributories on the ground that it is just and equitable that the
company should be wound up, the court if it is of the opinion

(a) that the petitioners are entitled to relief either by winding
up the company or by some other means; and
(b) that in the absence of any other remedy it would be just
and equitable that the company should be wound up, shall
make a winding up order, unless it is also of the opinion that
some other remedy is available to the petitioners and that they
are acting unreasonably in seeking to have the company
wound up instead of pursuing that other remedy.
358. At any time after the presentation of a winding up petition, and
before a winding up order has been made, the company, or any creditor
or contributory, may, where any action or proceeding is pending against
the company, apply to the court to stay or restrain further proceedings,
and the court may stay or restrain the proceedings accordingly on such
terms as it thinks fit.
359. In a winding up by the court, any disposition of the property of the
company, including things in action, and any transfer of shares, or
alteration in the status of the members of the company, made after the
commencement of the winding up, shall, unless the court otherwise
orders, be void.
360. Where any company is being wound up by the court, any
attachment, sequestration, distress, or execution put in force against the
estate or effects of the company after the commencement of the
winding up shall be void.
361. (1) Where before the presentation of a petition for the winding up
of a company by the court a resolution has been passed by the company
for voluntary winding up, the winding up of the company shall be deemed
to have commenced at the time of the passing of the resolution, and
Power to stay
or restrain
proceedings
against
company.
Avoidance of
dispositions of
property, etc.,
after com-
mencement of
winding up.
Avoidance of
attachment,
etc.
Commence-
ment of
winding up by
the court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
245 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
unless the court, on proof of fraud or mistake, thinks fit otherwise to
direct, all proceedings taken in the voluntary winding up shall be deemed
to have been validly taken.
(2) In any other case, the winding up of a company by the court
shall be deemed to commence at the time of the presentation of the
petition for the winding up.
362. On the making of a winding up order, a copy of the order shall
forthwith be lodged by the company, or otherwise as may be prescribed,
with the Registrar, who shall make an entry thereof in his records
relating to the company.
363. When a winding up order has been made, or a provisional
liquidator has been appointed, no action or proceeding shall be
proceeded with or commenced against the company except by leave of
the court, and subject to such terms as the court may impose.
364. An order for winding up a company shall operate in favour of all
the creditors and of all the contributories of the company, as if made on
the joint petition of a creditor and of a contributory.
Official Receiver
365. For the purposes of this Act, Official Receiver means the
Official Receiver referred to in the Insolvency Act.
366. (1) Where the court has made a winding up order or appointed
a provisional liquidator, there shall, unless the court otherwise orders, be
made out and submitted to the Official Receiver a statement as to the
affairs of the company in the prescribed form, verified by affidavit, and
showing the particulars of its assets, debts and liabilities, the names,
residences, and occupation of its creditors, the securities held by them
respectively, the dates when the securities were respectively given, and
such further or other information as may be prescribed or as the Official
Receiver may require.
Copy of order
to be for-
warded to
Registrar.
Actions stayed
on winding-up
order.
Effect of
winding-up
order.
Meaning of
Official
Receiver.
c. 12:21
Statement of
companys
affairs.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The statement shall be submitted and verified by one or more
of the persons who are at the relevant date the directors and by the
person who is, or the persons who are, at the date the secretary or joint
secretaries of the company, or by such of the persons hereinafter in this
subsection mentioned as the Official Receiver, subject to the direction
of the court, may require to submit and verify the statement, that is to say,
persons
(a) who are or have been officers, other than employees, of
the company;
(b) who have taken part in the formation of the company at
any time within one year before the relevant date;
(c) who are in the employment of the company, or have
been in the employment of the company within that year, and
are in the opinion of the Official Receiver capable of giving
the information required; and
(d) who are or have been within that year officers of or in
the employment of a company, which is, or within that year
was, an officer of the company to which the statement
relates.
(3) The statement shall be submitted within fourteen days from
the relevant date, or within such extended time as the Official Receiver
or the court may for special reasons allow.
(4) Any person making or concurring in making the statement
and affidavit required by this section shall be allowed, and shall be paid
by the Official Receiver or provisional liquidator, as the case may be, out
of the assets of the company, such costs and expenses incurred in and
about the preparation and making of the statement and affidavit as the
Official Receiver considers reasonable, subject to an appeal to the court.
(5) Any person stating himself in writing to be a creditor or
contributory of the company shall be entitled by himself or by his agent
at all reasonable times, on payment of the prescribed fee, to inspect the
statement submitted in pursuance of this section, and to a copy thereof
or extract therefrom.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
247 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(6) Any person untruthfully so stating himself to be a creditor or
contributory shall be guilty of a contempt of court and shall, on the
application of the liquidator or of the Official Receiver, be punishable
accordingly.
(7) In this section, the relevant date means in a case where a
provisional liquidator is appointed, the date of his appointment and, in a
case where no such appointment is made, the date of the winding up
order.
367. (1) In a case where a winding up order is made the Official
Receiver shall, as soon as practicable after receipt of the statement to
be submitted under section 366 or, in a case where the court orders that
no statement shall be submitted, as soon as practicable after the date of
the order, submit a preliminary report to the court
(a) as to the amount of capital issued, and subscribed, and
the estimated amount of assets and liabilities;
(b) if the company has failed, as to the causes of the failure;
and
(c) whether in his opinion further inquiry is desirable as to
any matter relating to the promotion, formation or failure of
the company, or the conduct of the business thereof.
(2) The Official Receiver may also, if he thinks fit, make a further
report, or further reports, stating the manner in which the company was
formed and whether in his opinion any fraud has been committed by any
person in its promotion or formation, or by any officer of the company
in relation to the company since the formation thereof, and any other
matters which in his opinion it is desirable to bring to the notice of the
court.
Liquidators
368. For the purposes of conducting the proceedings in winding up a
company and performing such duties in reference thereto as the court
may impose the court may appoint a liquidator or liquidators.
Report by
Official
Receiver.
Power of court
to appoint
liquidators.
LAWS OF GUYANA
369. (1) Subject to the provisions of this section, the court may appoint
a liquidator provisionally at any time after the presentation of a winding
up petition, and either the Official Receiver or any other fit person may
be appointed.
(2) Where a liquidator is previously appointed by the court, the
court may limit and restrict his powers by the order appointing him.
370. Subject to section 369 (2), the following provisions with respect
to liquidators shall have effect on a winding up order made, namely
(a) the Official Receiver shall by virtue of his office become
the provisional liquidator and shall continue to act as such until
he or another person becomes liquidator and is capable of
acting as such;
(b) the Official Receiver shall summon separate meetings
of the creditors and contributories of the company for the
purposes of determining whether or not an application is to be
made to the court for appointing a liquidator in the place of the
Official Receiver;
(c) the court may make any appointment and order required
to give effect to any such determination, and, if there is a
difference between the determinations of the meetings of the
creditors and contributories in respect of any such matter, the
court shall decide the difference and make such order thereon
as the court may think fit;
(d) in a case where a liquidator is not appointed by the court,
the Official Receiver shall be the liquidator of the company;
(e) the Official Receiver shall by virtue of his office be the
liquidator during any vacancy; and
(f) a liquidator shall be described, where a person other
than the Official Receiver is liquidator, by the style of the
liquidator and, where the Official Receiver is liquidator, by
the style of the Official Receiver and liquidator, of the
particular company in respect of which he is appointed, and
not by his individual name.
Appointment
and powers of
provisional
liquidator.
Appointment,
style, etc., of
liquidators.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
249 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
371. Where in the winding up of a company by the court a person other
than the Official Receiver is appointed liquidator, that person
(a) shall not be capable of acting as liquidator until he has
notified his appointment to the Registrar and given security in
such manner as the court may direct; and
(b) shall give the Official Receiver such information and
such access to and facilities for inspecting the books and
documents of the company and generally such aid as may be
requisite for enabling the Official Receiver to perform his
duties under this Act.
372. (1) A liquidator appointed by the court may resign or, on cause
shown be removed by the court.
(2) Where a person other than the Official Receiver is appointed
liquidator, he shall receive such salary or remuneration by way of
percentage or otherwise as the court may direct and, if there are other
such appointed liquidators, their remuneration shall be distributed among
them in such proportions as the court directs.
(3) A vacancy in the office of a liquidator appointed by the court
shall be filled by the court.
(4) If more than one liquidator is appointed by the court, the court
shall declare whether any act by this Act required or authorised to be
done by the liquidator is to be done by all or any one or more of the
persons appointed.
(5) Subject to this Act, the acts of a liquidator shall be valid not-
withstanding any defects that may afterwards be discovered in his
appointment or qualification.
373. Where a winding up order has been made or a provisional
liquidator has been appointed, the liquidator, or the provisional liquidator,
as the case may be, shall take into his custody, or under his control, all
the property and things in action to which the company is or appears to
be entitled.
Provisions
where person
other than
Official
Receiver is
appointed
liquidator.
General
provisions as
to liquidators.
Custody of
companys
property.
LAWS OF GUYANA
374. Where a company is being wound up by the court, the court may
on the application of the liquidator by order direct that all or any part of
the property of whatsoever description belonging to the company or held
by trustees on its behalf shall vest in the liquidator by his official name,
and thereupon the property to which the order relates shall vest
accordingly, and the liquidator may, after giving such indemnity, if any,
as the court may direct, bring or defend in his official name any action
or other legal proceeding which relates to that property or which it is
necessary to bring or defend for the purpose of effectually winding up
the company and recovering its assets.
375. (1) The liquidator in a winding up by the court may with the
sanction either of the court or of the committee of inspection
(a) bring or defend any action or other legal proceeding in
the name and on behalf of the company;
(b) carry on the business of the company, so far as may be
necessary, for the beneficial winding up thereof;
(c) appoint an attorney-at-law or other agent to assist him in
the performance of his duties;
(d) pay any classes of creditors in full if the assets of the
company remaining in his hands will suffice to pay in full the
debts and liabilities of the company which rank for payment
before, or equally with, the debts or claims of the first
mentioned creditors;
(e) make any compromise or arrangement with creditors or
persons claiming to be creditors, or having or alleging
themselves to have any claim, present or future, certain or
contingent, ascertained or sounding only in damages against
the company, or whereby the company may be rendered
liable;
(f) compromise any calls and liabilities to calls, debts, and
liabilities capable or resulting in debts, and all claims, present
or future, certain or contingent, ascertained or sounding only
in damages, subsisting or supposed to subsist between the
company and a contributory, or alleged contributory, or other
debtor or person apprehending liability to the company and all
questions in any way relating to or affecting the assets or the
winding up of the company, on such terms as are agreed, and
Vesting of
property of
company in
liquidator.
Powers of
liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
251 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
take any security for the discharge of any such call, debt,
liability or claim, and give a complete discharge in respect
thereof.
(2) The liquidator in a winding up by the court may
(a) sell the movable and immovable property and things in
action of the company by public auction or private contract,
with power to transfer the whole thereof to any person or to
sell the same in parcels;
(b) do all acts and execute, in the name and on behalf of the
company, all deeds, receipts, and other documents, and for
that purpose to use, when necessary, the companys seal;
(c) prove, rank, and claim in the bankruptcy, insolvency, or
sequestration of any contributory, for any balance against his
estate, and receive dividends in the bankruptcy, insolvency, or
sequestration in respect of that balance as a separate debt due
from the bankrupt or insolvent, and rateably with the other
separate creditors;
(d) draw, accept, make and endorse any bill of exchange or
promissory note in the name and on behalf of the company,
with the same effect with respect to the liability of the
company as if the bill or note had been drawn, accepted,
made, or endorsed by or on behalf of the company in the
course of its business;
(e) raise on the security of the assets of the company any
money requisite;
(f) take out in his official name letters of administration to
any deceased contributory, and do in his official name any
other act necessary for obtaining payment of any money due
from a contributory or his estate which cannot be
conveniently done in the name of the company, and in all such
cases the money due shall, for the purpose of enabling the
liquidator to take out the letters of administration or recover
the money, be deemed to be done to the liquidator himself;
(g) appoint an agent to do any business which the liquidator
is unable to do himself; and
(h) do all such other things as may be necessary for winding
up the affairs of the company and distributing its assets.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) The exercise by the liquidator in a winding up by the court of
the powers conferred by this section shall be subject to the control of the
court, and any creditor or contributory may apply to the court with
respect to any exercise or proposed exercise of any of those powers.
376. (1) Subject to this Part, the liquidator of a company which is being
wound up by the court shall, in the administration of the assets of the
company and in the distribution thereof among its creditors, have regard
to any directions that may be given by resolution of the creditors or
contributories at any general meeting, or by the committee of inspection,
and any directions so given by the creditors or contributories shall in case
of conflict be deemed to override any directions given by the committee
of inspection.
(2) The liquidator may summon general meetings of the creditors
or contributories for the purpose of ascertaining their wishes, and he
shall summon meetings at such times as the creditors or contributories,
by resolution, either at the meeting appointing the liquidator or otherwise,
direct, or whenever requested in writing to do so by not less than one-
tenth in value of the creditors or contributories.
(3) The liquidator may apply to the court in the prescribed manner
for directions in relation to any particular matter arising under the
winding up.
(4) Subject to this Part, the liquidator shall use his own discretion
in the management of the estate and its distribution among the creditors.
(5) If any person is aggrieved by any act or decision of the
liquidator, that person may apply to the court, and the court may confirm,
reverse, or modify the act or decision complained of, and make such
order as it thinks fit.
377. Every liquidator of a company which is being wound up by the
court shall keep, in the prescribed manner, proper books in which he shall
cause to be made entries or minutes of proceedings at meetings, and of
such other matters as may be prescribed, and any creditor or
Exercise and
control of
liquidators
powers.
Books to be
kept by
liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
253 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
contributory may, subject to the control of the court, personally or by his
agent inspect any such books and make copies thereof or extracts
therefrom.
378. (1) Every liquidator of a company which is being wound up by the
court shall pay the money received by him into such bank as the court
may direct.
(2) If any such liquidator at any time retains for more than ten
days a sum exceeding five hundred dollars, or such other amount as the
court in any particular case authorises him to retain, then, unless he
explains the retention to the satisfaction of the court, he shall pay interest
on the amount so retained in excess at the rate of twenty per cent per
annum, and shall be liable to disallowance of all or such part of his
remuneration as the court may think just, and to be removed from his
office by the court, and shall be liable to pay any expenses occasioned
by reason of his default.
(3) A liquidator of a company which is being wound up by the
court shall not pay any sums received by him as liquidator into his private
banking account.
379. (1) Every liquidator of a company which is being wound up by the
court shall, at such times as may be prescribed but not less than twice
in each year during his tenure of office, send to the Registrar an account
of his receipts and payments as liquidator.
(2) The account shall be in a prescribed form, shall be made in
duplicate, and shall be verified by an affidavit or a statutory declaration
in the prescribed form.
(3) The Registrar shall cause the account to be audited and for
the purpose of the audit the liquidator shall furnish the Registrar with
such vouchers and information as the Registrar may require, and the
Registrar may at any time require the production of and inspect any
books or accounts kept by the liquidator.
Payments of
liquidator into
bank.
Audit of
liquidators
accounts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) When the account has been audited, one copy thereof shall
be filed and kept by the Registrar, and the other copy shall be delivered
to the court for filing, and each copy shall be open to the inspection of
any creditor or of any person interested.
(5) The Registrar shall cause the account when audited or a
summary thereof to be printed and shall send a printed copy of the
account or summary by post to every creditor and contributory.
380. (1) The Registrar shall take cognizance of the conduct of
liquidators of companies which are being wound up by the court, and, if
a liquidator does not faithfully perform his duties and duly observe all the
requirements imposed on him by statute, rules, or otherwise with respect
to the performance of his duties, or if any complaint is made to the
Registrar by any creditor or contributory in regard thereto, the Registrar
shall inquire into the matter, and take such action thereon as he may think
expedient.
(2) The Registrar may at any time require any liquidator of a
company which is being wound up by the court to answer any inquiry in
relation to any winding up in which he is engaged and may, if the
Registrar thinks fit, apply to the court to examine him or any other person
on oath concerning the winding up.
(3) The Registrar may also direct an investigation to be made of
the books and vouchers of the liquidator.
381. (1) When the liquidator of a company which is being wound up
by the court has realised all the assets of the company, or so much
thereof as can, in his opinion be realised without needlessly protracting
the liquidation, and has distributed a final dividend, if any, to the creditors,
and adjusted the rights of the contributories among themselves, and
made a final return, if any, to the contributories, or has resigned, or has
been removed from his office, the Registrar shall, on his application,
cause a report on his accounts to be prepared, and, on his complying with
all the requirements of the Registrar, shall take into consideration the
report, and any objection which may be urged by any creditor or
Control of
Registrar over
liquidators.
Release of
liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
255 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
contributory or person interested against the release of the liquidator,
and shall either grant or withhold the release accordingly, subject
nevertheless to an appeal to the court.
(2) Where the release of a liquidator is withheld, the court may,
on application of any creditor or contributory, or person interested, make
such order as it thinks just, charging the liquidator with the consequences
of any act or default which he may have done or made contrary to his
duty.
(3) An order of the Registrar releasing the liquidator shall
discharge him from all liability in respect of any act done or default made
by him in the administration of the affairs of the company, or otherwise
in relation to his conduct as liquidator, but any such order may be revoked
on proof that it was obtained by fraud or by suppression or concealment
of any material fact.
Committees of Inspection
382. (1) When a winding up order has been made by the court, it shall
be the business of the separate meetings of creditors and contributories
summoned for the purpose of determining whether or not an application
should be made to the court for appointing a liquidator other than the
Official Receiver, to determine further whether or not an application is
to be made to the court for the appointment of a committee of inspection
to act with the liquidator and who are to be members of the committee
if appointed.
(2) The Court may make any appointment and order required to
give effect to any such determination, and if there is a difference
between the determination of the meetings of the creditors and
contributories the court shall decide the difference and make such order
as the court thinks fit.
383. (1) A committee of inspection appointed in pursuance of this Act
shall consist of creditors and contributories of the company or persons
holding general powers of attorney from creditors or contributories in
Meetings of
creditors and
contributories
to determine
whether
committee of
inspection
shall be
appointed.
Constitution
and proceed-
ings of
committee of
inspection.
LAWS OF GUYANA
such proportions as is agreed on by the meetings of the creditors and
contributories, or as, in the case of a difference, may be determined by
the court.
(2) The committee shall meet at such time as they from time to
time appoint, and, failing such appointment, at least once a month and the
liquidator or any member of the committee may also call a meeting of
the committee as and when he thinks necessary.
(3) The committee may act by a majority of their members
present at a meeting, but shall not act unless a majority of the committee
is present.
(4) A member of the committee may resign by notice in writing
signed by him and delivered to the liquidator.
(5) If a member of the committee becomes bankrupt, or
compounds or arranges with his creditors, or is absent from five
consecutive meetings of the committee without the leave of those
members who together with himself represent the creditors or
contributories, as the case may be, his office shall thereupon become
vacant.
(6) A member of the committee may be removed by an ordinary
resolution at a meeting of creditors, if he represents creditors, or of
contributories, if he represents contributories of which seven days
notice has been given, stating the object of the meeting.
(7) On a vacancy occurring in the committee the liquidator shall
forthwith summon a meeting of creditors or of contributories, as the case
may require, to fill the vacancy, and the meeting may, by resolution,
reappoint the same or appoint another creditor or contributory to fill the
vacancy; but if the liquidator, having regard to the position in the winding
up, is of the opinion that it is unnecessary for the vacancy to be filled he
may apply to the court and the court may make an order that the vacancy
shall not be filled, or shall not be filled except in such circumstances as
may be specified in the order.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
257 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(8) The continuing members of the committee, if not less than
two, may act notwithstanding any vacancy in the committee.
384. Where in the case of a winding up there is no committee of
inspection, the Minister, may on the application of the liquidator, do any
act or thing or give any direction or permission which is by this Act
authorised or required to be done or given by the Committee.
General Powers of the Court
385. (1) The court may at any time after an order for winding up, on
the application either of the liquidator, or the Official Receiver, or any
creditor or contributory, and on proof to the satisfaction of the court that
all proceedings in relation to the winding up ought to be stayed, make an
order staying the proceedings, either altogether or for a limited time, on
such terms and conditions as the court thinks fit.
(2) The court may, at any time after an order for winding up, on
the application either of the liquidator or a creditor, and after having
regard to the wishes of the creditors and contributories, make an order
directing that the winding up, ordered by the court, shall be conducted
as a creditors voluntary winding up, and if the court does so the winding
up shall be so conducted.
(3) On any application under subsection (1) the court may, before
making an order, require the Official Receiver to furnish to the court a
report with respect to any facts or matters which are in his opinion
relevant to the application.
(4) A copy of every order made under this section shall forthwith
be lodged by the company, or otherwise as may be prescribed, with the
Registrar, who shall make an entry of the order in his records relating
to the company.
386. (1) As soon as may be after making a winding up order, the court
shall settle a list of contributories, and may rectify the register of
members in all cases where rectification is required in pursuance of this
Act, and shall cause the assets of the company to be collected and
applied in discharge of its liabilities.
Powers of
Minister
where no
committee of
inspection.
Power to stay
winding up,
etc.
Settlement of
list of
contributories
and applica-
tion of assets.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1), where it appears to the court
that it will not be necessary to make calls on or adjust the rights of
contributories, the court may dispense with the settlement of a list of
contributories.
(3) In settling the list of contributories, the court shall distinguish
between persons who are contributories in their own right and persons
who are contributories as being representatives of or liable for the debts
of others.
(4) The list of contributories when settled shall be prima facie
evidence of the liabilities of the persons named therein as contributories.
387. The court may, at any time after making a winding up order,
require any contributory for the time being on the list of contributors, and
any trustee, receiver, banker, agent or officer of the company to pay,
deliver, convey, surrender or transfer forthwith, or within such time as
the court directs, to the liquidator any assets or books and papers in his
hands to which the company is prima facie entitled.
388. (1) The court may, at any time after making a winding up order,
make an order directing any contributory for the time being on the list of
contributories to pay, in the manner directed by the order, any money due
from him or from the estate of the person whom he represents to the
company, exclusive of any money payable by him or the estate by virtue
of any call in pursuance of this Act.
(2) In the case of any company, when all the creditors are paid
in full, any money due on account whatever to a contributory from the
company may be allowed to him by way of set-off against any
subsequent call.
and either before or after it has ascertained the sufficiency of the assets
of the company, make calls on all or any of the contributories for the time
being settled on the list of the contributories to the extent of their liability,
for payment of any money which the court considers necessary to
satisfy the debts and liabilities of the company, and the costs, charges,
Payment of
debts due by
contributory
to company
and extent to
which set-off
allowed.
Power of court
to make calls.
Delivery of
property to
liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
259 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
and expenses of winding up and for the adjustment of the rights of the
contributories, among themselves, and make an order for payment of
any calls so made.
(2) In making a call the court may take into consideration the
probability that some of the contributories may partly or wholly fail to pay
the call.
390. (1) The court may order any contributory, purchaser or other
person from whom money is due to the company to pay the amount due
into a bank to the account of the liquidator instead of to the liquidator, and
any such order may be enforced in the same manner as if it had directed
payment to the liquidator.
(2) All moneys and securities paid or delivered into such bank in
the event of a winding up by the court shall be subject in all respects to
the orders of the court.
391. An order made by the court on a contributory shall, subject to any
right of appeal, be conclusive evidence that the money, if any, thereby
appearing to be due or ordered to be paid is due, and all other pertinent
matters stated in the order shall be taken to be truly stated as against all
persons and in all proceedings.
392. (1) Where in any proceedings the Official Receiver becomes the
liquidator of a company, whether provisionally or otherwise, he may, if
satisfied that the nature of the estate or business of the company, or the
interests of the creditors or contributories generally, require the
appointment of a special manager of the estate or business of the
company other than himself, apply to the court, and the court may on the
application appoint a. special manager of the estate or business to act
during such time as the court directs, with such powers, including any of
the powers of a receiver or manager, as are entrusted to him by the
court.
(2) The special manager shall give such security and account in
such manner as the court directs.
Payment into
bank of
moneys due to
company.
Order on
contributory is
conclusive
evidence.
Appointment
of special
manager.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) The special manager shall receive such remuneration as may
be fixed by the court.
393. The Court may fix a time or times within which creditors are to
prove their debts or claims or after which they will be excluded from the
benefit of any distribution made before those debts are proved.
394. The court shall adjust the rights of the contributories among
themselves, and distribute any surplus among the persons entitled
thereto.
make such order for inspection of the books and papers of the company
by creditors and contributories as the court thinks just, and any books and
papers in the possession of the company may be inspected by creditors
and contributories accordingly, but not further or otherwise.
(2) Nothing in this section shall be taken as excluding or
restricting any statutory rights of a Ministry, Government Department,
or, a person under the authority of a Ministry, Government Department
or a Minister.
396. The court may, in the event of the assets being insufficient to
satisfy the liabilities, make an order as to the payment out of the assets
of the costs, charges, and expenses incurred in the winding up in such
order of priority as the court thinks fit.
397. (1) The court may, at any time after the appointment of a
provisional liquidator or the making of a winding up order, summon
before it any officer of the company or person known or suspected to
have in his possession any property of the company, or supposed to be
indebted to the company, or any person whom the court deems capable
of giving information concerning the promotion, formation, trade
dealings, affairs, or property of the company.
Power to
exclude
creditors not
proving in
time.
Adjustment of
rights of
contributories.
Inspection of
books by
creditors or
contributories.
Power to order
costs of
winding up to
be paid out of
assets.
Power to
summon
persons
suspected of
having
property of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
261 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) The court may examine him on oath concerning the matters
mentioned in subsection (1), either by word of mouth or on written
interrogatories, and may reduce his answers to writing and require him
to sign them, and any writing so signed may be used in evidence in any
legal proceedings against him.
(3) The court may require him to produce any books, and papers
in his custody or power relating to the company, but where he claims any
lien on books or papers produced by him, the production shall be without
prejudice to that lien, and the court shall have jurisdiction in the winding
up to determine all questions relating to that lien.
(4) If any person so summoned, after being tendered a
reasonable sum for his expenses, refuses to come before the court at the
time appointed, not having a lawful impediment (made known to the
court at the time of its sitting, and allowed by it), the court may cause him
to be apprehended and brought before the court for examination.
398. (1) Where an order has been made for winding up a company by
the court, and the Official Receiver has made a further report under this
Act stating that in his opinion a fraud or improper conduct has been
committed, or engaged in, by any person in the promotion or formation
of the company, or by any officer of the company in relation to the
company since its formation, the court may, after consideration of the
report, direct that the person or officer or any other person who was
previously an officer of the company, including any banker, attorney-at-
law or auditor, or who is known or suspected to have in his possession
any property of the company or is supposed to be indebted to the
company or any person who the court deems capable of giving
information concerning the promotion, formation, trade dealings, affairs
or property of the company, shall attend before the court on a day
appointed by the court for that purpose, and be publicly examined as to
the promotion or formation or the conduct of the business of the
company, or in the case of an officer or former officer as to his conduct
and dealings as officer thereof.
(2) The Official Receiver shall take part in the examination, and
for that purpose may, if specially authorised by the court in that behalf,
employ an attorney-at-law.
Power to order
public
examination of
promoters,
directors, etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) The liquidator, where the Official Receiver is not the
liquidator, and any creditor or contributory, may also take part in the
examination either personally or by attorney-at-law.
(4) The court may put such questions to the person examined as
the court thinks fit.
(5) The person examined shall be examined on oath and shall not
be excused from answering any questions put to him on the ground that
the answer might tend to incriminate him but, where he claims before
answering the question, that the answer might tend to incriminate him,
neither the question nor the answer shall be admissible in evidence
against him in criminal proceedings or in relation to a charge of perjury
in respect of the answer.
(6) A person ordered to be examined shall at his own cost, before
his examination, be furnished with a copy of the Official Receivers
report, and may at his own cost employ an attorney-at-law who shall be
at liberty to put to him such questions as the court may deem just for the
purpose of enabling him to explain or qualify any answers given by him.
(7) When a person directed to attend before the court under
subsection (1) applies to the court to be exculpated from any charges
made or suggested against him, the Official Receiver shall appear on the
hearing of the application and call the attention of the court to any
matters which appear to the Official Receiver to be relevant, and if the
court, after hearing any evidence given or witnesses called by the
Official Receiver, grants the application, the court may allow the
applicant such costs as in its discretion it may think fit.
(8) Notices of the examination shall be taken down in writing and
shall be read over to or by, and signed by, the person examined, and may
thereafter be used in evidence against him, and shall be open to the
inspection of any creditor or contributory at all reasonable times.
(9) The court may, if it thinks fit, adjourn the examination from
time to time.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
263 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(10) For the purposes of this section, conduct shall be improper
if it is of such a nature as to render a person unfit to be concerned in the
management of a company.
399. The court, at any time before or after making a winding up order,
on proof of probable cause for believing that a contributory is about to
quit Guyana or otherwise to abscond or to remove or conceal any of his
property for the purpose of evading payment of calls, or of avoiding
examination respecting the affairs of the company, may cause the
contributory to be arrested, and his books and papers and movable
personal property to be seized, and him and them to be safely kept until
such time as the court may order.
400. Any powers by this Act conferred on the court shall be in addition
to and not in restriction of any existing powers of instituting proceedings
against any contributory or debtor of the company, or the estate of any
contributory or debtor, for the recovery of any call or other sums.
401. Provision may be made by rules under section 462 for enabling
or requiring all or any of the powers and duties conferred and imposed
on the court by this Act in respect of the following matters

(a) the holding and conducting of meetings to ascertain the
wishes of creditors and contributories;
(b) the settling of lists of contributories and the rectifying of
the register of members where required, and the collecting
and applying of the assets;
(c) the paying, delivering, conveyance, surrender or
transfer of any money, property, books or papers to the
liquidator;
(d) the making of calls and the adjusting of the rights of
contributors; and
(e) the fixing of a time within which debts and claims must
be proved,
Power to
arrest
absconding
contributory.
Powers of
court cumula-
tive.
Delegation to
liquidator of
certain powers
of court.
LAWS OF GUYANA
to be exercised or performed by the liquidator as an officer of the court,
and subject to the control of the court but the liquidator shall not, without
the special leave of the court, rectify the register of members, and shall
not make any call without either the special leave of the court or the
sanction of the committee of inspection.
402. (1) When the affairs of a company have been completely wound
up, the court, if the liquidator makes an application in that behalf, shall
make an order that the company be dissolved from the date of the order,
and the company shall be dissolved accordingly.
(2) A copy of the order shall within fourteen days from the date
thereof be lodged by the liquidator with the Registrar who shall enter in
his records a minute of the dissolution of the company.
(3) If the liquidator makes default in complying with the
requirements of this section, he shall be guilty of an offence and shall,
on summary conviction, be liable to a fine of one thousand five hundred
dollars.
403. (1) Orders made by the court under this Act may be enforced in
the same manner as orders made in any action pending therein.
(2) Subject to rules of court, an appeal from any order or decision
made or given in the winding up of a company by the court under this Act
shall lie in the same manner and subject to the same conditions as an
appeal from any order or decision of the court.
DIVISION C
VOLUNTARY WINDING UP
Introductory
404. (1) A company shall be wound up voluntarily if
(a) a general meeting so resolves by a special resolution; or
(b) a general meeting so resolves by an ordinary resolution
which states that the company is unable to pay its debts.
Dissolution of
company.
[6 of 1997]
Power to
enforce orders
and appeals
from orders.
Winding up
resolutions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
265 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) In this Act, a resolution for voluntary winding up means a
resolution passed under subsection (1).
405. When a company has passed a resolution for voluntary winding
up, it shall, within fourteen days after the passing of the resolution, give
notice of the resolution by advertisement in the Gazette and in writing
to the Registrar.
406. A voluntary winding up shall be deemed to commence at the time
of the passing of the resolution for voluntary winding up.
407. In case of a voluntary winding up, the company shall, from the
commencement of the winding up, cease to carry on its business, except
so far as is in the opinion of the liquidator required for the beneficial
winding up thereof but the corporate state and corporate powers of the
company shall, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in its articles of
incorporation, continue until it is dissolved.
408. Any transfer of shares not being a transfer made to or with the
sanction of the liquidator, and any alteration in the status of the members
of the company, made after the commencement of a voluntary winding
up, shall be void.
409. (1) Where it is proposed to wind up a company voluntarily, the
director or, in the case of a company having more than two directors, the
majority of the directors, may, at a meeting of the directors make a
statutory declaration to the effect that they have made a full inquiry into
the affairs of the company, and that, having so done, they have formed
the opinion that the company will be able to pay its debts in full within
such period not exceeding twelve months from the commencement of
the winding up as may be specified in the declaration.
(2) A declaration made under subsection (1) shall have no effect
for the purposes of this Act unless
(a) it is made within the five weeks immediately preceding
the date of the passing of the resolution for winding up the
Notice of
resolution to
wind up
voluntarily.
Commence-
ment of
voluntary
winding up.
Effect of
voluntary
winding up on
business and
status of
company.
Avoidance of
transfers, etc.
after com-
mencement of
voluntary
winding up.
Statutory
declaration of
solvency in
case of
proposal of
winding up
voluntarily.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
company and is lodged with the Registrar for registration
before that date; and
(b) it embodies a statement of the companys assets and
liabilities as at the latest practicable date before the making of
the declaration.
(3) Any director of a company who makes a declaration under
this section without having reasonable grounds for the opinion that the
company will be able to pay its debts in full within the period specified
in the declaration shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on
summary conviction to a fine of thirty thousand dollars.
(4) If the company is wound up in pursuance of a resolution
passed within the period of five weeks after the making of the
declaration, but its debts are not paid or provided for in full within the
period stated in the declaration, it shall be presumed until the contrary is
shown that the director did not have reasonable grounds for his opinion.
(5) A winding up in the case of which a declaration has been
made and delivered in accordance with this section shall, in this Act be
referred to as a members voluntary winding up, and a winding up in
the case of which a declaration has not been so made and delivered shall,
in this Act, be referred to as a creditors voluntary winding up.
Provisions Applicable Only
to Members Voluntary Winding Up
410. (1) The company in general meeting shall appoint one, or more
than one liquidator for the purpose of winding up the affairs and
distributing the assets of the company, and may fix the remuneration to
be paid to him or them.
(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), the company may, by
special resolution remove a liquidator and appoint another liquidator, but
the removal or appointment shall not have effect
(a) until after the expiration of the period of fourteen days
after the date on which the resolution is passed; or
Power of
company to
appoint and fix
remuneration
of liquidators.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
267 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) if, within that period an application is made to the court
under subsection (3), unless the court dismisses the
application or the application is withdrawn.
(3) In addition to the other requirements of this Act with respect
to the giving of notice of meetings, the company shall give to all creditors
and contributories of the company notice of any meeting at which a
resolution under subsection (2) will be proposed, giving in the notice
particulars of the proposals.
(4) A creditor or contributory of the company may, within the
period of fourteen days after the date on which a resolution under
subsection (2) is passed, apply to the court for an order cancelling the
resolution and the court may, if it is satisfied that it is fair and reasonable
to do so, allow the application, but if not so satisfied shall dismiss the
application.
(5) On the appointment of a liquidator all the powers of the
directors shall cease, except so far as the company in general meeting
or the liquidator, sanctions the continuance thereof.
411. (1) If a vacancy occurs by death, resignation or otherwise in the
office of liquidator appointed by the company, the company in general
meeting may, subject to any arrangement with its creditors, fill the
vacancy.
(2) For that purpose a general meeting may be convened by any
contributory or, if there were more liquidators than one, by the continuing
liquidators.
(3) The meeting shall be held in the manner provided by this Act
or by the by-laws or in such manner as may, on application by any
contributory or by the continuing liquidators, be determined by the court.
412. (1) Where a company is proposed to be, or is in the course of
being, wound up altogether voluntarily, and the whole or part of its
business or property is proposed to be transferred or sold to a body
corporate (in this section call the transferee company) the liquidator
of the first-mentioned company (in this section called the transferor
Power to fill
vacancy in
office of
liquidator.
Power of
liquidator to
accept shares,
etc., as
consideration
for sale of
LAWS OF GUYANA
company) may, with the sanction of a special resolution of that
company, conferring either a general authority on the liquidator or an
authority in respect of any particular arrangement, receive in
compensation for the transfer or sale, shares, policies, or other like
interests, in the transferee company, for distribution among the members
of the transferor company, or may enter into any other arrangement
whereby the members of the transferor company may, in lieu of
receiving cash, shares, policies, or other like interests, or in addition
thereto, participate in the profits of or receive any other benefit from the
transferee company.
(2) Any sale or arrangement in pursuance of this section shall be
binding on the members of the transferor company, and where the whole
or part of the compensation or benefit accruing to the members of the
transferor company in respect of any such sale or arrangement consists
of fully paid shares in the transferee company each such member shall
be deemed to have agreed with the transferee company for the
acceptance of the fully paid shares to which he is entitled under the
distribution referred to in subsection (1).
(3) If any member of the transferor company who did not vote
in favour of the special resolution expresses his dissent therefrom in
writing addressed to the liquidator and left at the registered office of the
company within seven days after the passing of the resolution, he may
require the liquidator either to abstain from carrying the resolution into
effect or to purchase his interest at a price to be determined by
agreement or by arbitration in the manner provided by the Arbitration
Act.
(4) If the liquidator elects to purchase the members interest, the
purchase money must be paid before the company is dissolved, and be
raised by the liquidator in such manner as may be determined by special
resolution.
(5) A special resolution shall not be invalid for the purposes of this
section by reason that it is passed before or concurrently with a
resolution for voluntary winding up or for appointing liquidators, but, if an
order is made within a year for winding up the company by the court, the
special resolution shall not be valid unless sanctioned by the court.
property of
company.
c. 7:03
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
269 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
413. (1) If, in the case of a winding up commenced after the
commencement of this Act, the liquidator is at any time of the opinion
that the company will not be able to pay its debts in full within the period
stated in the declaration under section 409, he shall forthwith summon
a meeting of the creditors, and shall lay before the meeting a statement
of the assets and liabilities of the company.
(2) Unless the meeting of creditors resolves that the winding up
shall continue as a members voluntary winding up, the winding up shall
as from the date when the liquidator calls the meeting of creditors
become a creditors voluntary winding up, and the meeting of creditors
shall have the same powers as meeting of creditors held under section
419.
414. Subject to section 416, in the event of the winding up continuing
for more than one year, the liquidator shall summon a general meeting
of the company at the end of the first year from the commencement of
the winding up and of each succeeding year, at the first convenient date
within three months (or such longer period as the Minister may allow)
from the end of the year, and shall lay before the meeting an account of
his acts and dealings and of the conduct of the winding up during the
preceding year.
415. (1) Subject to section 416, as soon as the affairs of the company
are fully wound up, the liquidator shall make up an account of the winding
up, showing how the winding up has been conducted and the property
of the company has been disposed of, and shall cause the account to be
audited and when that has been done shall call a general meeting of the
company for the purpose of laying before it the audited account and
giving any necessary explanation thereof
(2) The meeting shall be called by advertisement in the Gazette
and in one daily newspaper printed and circulating in Guyana, specifying
the time, place and object thereof, and published one month at least
before the meeting.
(3) Within one week after the meeting, the liquidator shall lodge
with the Registrar a copy of the audited account, and shall make a return
to him of the holding of the meeting and of its date.
Duty of
liquidator to
call creditors
meeting in case
of insolvency.
Duty of
liquidator to
call general
meeting at the
end of each
year.
Final meeting
and dissolu-
tion.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (3), if a quorum is not
present at the meeting, the liquidator shall, in lieu of the return referred
to in subsection (3), make a return that the meeting was duly summoned
and that no quorum was present at the meeting, and upon such a return
being made the provisions of this subsection as to the making of the
return shall be deemed to have been complied with.
(5) The Registrar on receiving the account and either of the
returns mentioned in subsection (3) or (4) shall forthwith register them,
and on the expiration of three months from the registration of the return
the company shall be deemed to be dissolved but the court may, on
application of the liquidator or of any other person who appears to the
court to be interested, make an order deferring the date at which the
dissolution of the company is to take effect for such time as the court
thinks fit.
(6) The person on whose application an order of the court under
this section is made shall, within seven days after the making of the order,
lodge with the Registrar a copy of the order for registration.
416. Where section 412 has effect, sections 423 and 424 shall apply
to the winding up to the exclusion of sections 414 and 415, as if the
winding up were a creditors voluntary winding up and not a members
voluntary winding up, but the liquidator shall not be required to summon
a meeting of creditors under section 423 at the end of the first year from
the commencement of the winding up, unless the meeting held under
section 413 is held more than three months before the end of that year.
Provisions Applicable to a
Creditors Voluntary Winding Up
417. (1) The company shall cause a meeting of the creditors of the
company to be summoned for the day, or the day next following the day,
on which there is to be held the meeting at which the resolution for
voluntary winding up is to be proposed, and shall cause the notices of the
meeting of creditors to be sent by post to the creditors simultaneously
with the sending of the notices of the meeting of the company.
Alternative
provisions as
to annual and
final meetings
in case of
insolvency.
Meeting of
creditors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
271 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) The company shall cause notice of the meeting of the
creditors to be advertised once in the Gazette and once at least in one
daily newspaper printed and circulating in Guyana.
(3) The directors of the company shall
(a) cause a full statement of the position of the companys
affairs together with a list of the creditors of the company and
the estimated amount of their claims to be laid before the
meeting of creditors; and
(b) appoint one of their number to preside at the meeting.
(4) The director appointed to preside at the meeting of creditors
shall attend and preside at the meeting.
(5) If the meeting of the company at which the resolution for
voluntary winding up is to be proposed is adjourned and the resolution is
passed at an adjourned meeting, any resolution passed at the meeting of
the creditors held in pursuance of subsection (1) shall have effect as if
it had been passed immediately after the passing of the resolution for
winding up the company.
418. (1) The creditors and the company at their respective meetings
mentioned in section 417 may nominate a person to be liquidator for the
purpose of winding up the affairs and distributing the assets of the
company, and if the creditors and the company nominate different
persons, the person nominated by the creditors shall be liquidator, and if
no person is nominated by the creditors the person, if any, nominated by
the company shall be liquidator.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), when
different persons are nominated any director, member, or creditor of the
company may, within seven days after the date on which the nomination
was made by the creditors, apply to the court for an order either directing
that the person nominated as liquidator by the company shall be liquidator
or appointing some other person to be liquidator instead of or jointly with
the person nominated by the creditors, or the person appointed by the
creditors.
Appointment
of liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
419. (1) The creditors at the meeting to be held in pursuance of section
416 or at any subsequent meeting, may, if they think fit, appoint a
committee of inspection consisting of not more than five persons, and if
such a committee is appointed the company may, either at the meeting
at which the resolution for voluntary winding up is passed or at any time
subsequently in general meeting appoint such number of persons as they
think fit to act as members of the committee not exceeding five in
number.
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (1), the
creditors may, if they think fit, resolve that all or any of the persons so
appointed by the company ought not to be members of the committee of
inspection, and, if the creditors so resolve, the persons mentioned in the
resolution shall not, unless the court otherwise directs, be qualified to act
as members of the committee, and on any application to the court under
this provision the court may, if it thinks fit, appoint other persons to act
as such members in place of the persons mentioned in the resolution.
(3) Subject to the provisions of this section and to rules made
under section 462, the provisions of section 381 (except subsection (1))
shall apply with respect to a committee of inspection appointed under this
section as they apply with respect to a committee of inspection appointed
in a winding up by the court.
420. (1) The committee of inspection, or if there is no such committee,
the creditors, may fix the remuneration to be paid to the liquidator or
liquidators.
(2) On the appointment of a liquidator, all the powers of the
directors shall cease, except so far as the committee of inspection, or if
there is no such committee, the creditors, sanction the continuance
thereof.
421. If a vacancy occurs, by death, resignation or otherwise, in the
office of a liquidator, other than a liquidator appointed by, or by the
direction of, the court, the creditors may fill the vacancy.
Appointment
of committee
of inspection.
Fixing of
liquidators
remuneration
and cesser of
directors
powers.
Power to fill
vacancy in
office of
liquidator.
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Companies
273 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
422. The provisions of section 412 shall apply in case of a creditors
voluntary winding up as in the case of a members voluntary winding up,
with the modification that the powers of the liquidator under that section
shall not be exercised except with the sanction either of the court or of
the committee of inspection.
423. In the event of the winding up continuing for more than one year,
the liquidator shall summon a general meeting of the company and a
meeting of creditors at the end of the first year from the commencement
of the winding up, and of each succeeding year, or at the first convenient
date within three months (or such longer period as the Minister may
allow) from the end of the year, and shall lay before the meeting an
account of his acts and dealings and of the conduct of the winding up
during the preceding year.
424. (1) As soon as the affairs of the company are fully wound up, the
liquidator shall make up an account of the winding up, showing how the
winding up has been conducted and the property of the company has
been disposed of, and thereupon shall call a general meeting of the
company and a meeting of the creditors, for the purpose of laying the
account before the meetings, and giving any explanation thereof.
(2) Each such meeting shall be called by advertisement in the
Gazette and in one daily newspaper printed and circulating in Guyana
specifying the time, place and object thereof, and published one month
at least before the meeting.
(3) Within one week after the date of the meetings, or, if the
meetings are not held on the same date, after the date of the later
meeting, the liquidator shall send to the Registrar a copy of the account,
and shall make a return to him of the holding of the meetings and of their
dates.
(4) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (2), if a quorum is not
present at either such meeting, the liquidator shall, in lieu of the return
referred to in subsection (3), make a return that the meeting was duly
summoned and that no quorum was present at the meeting, and upon
Application of
section 412 to
a creditors
winding up.
Duty of
liquidator to
call meetings
of company
and of
creditors at
end of each
year.
Final meeting
and dissolu-
tion.
LAWS OF GUYANA
such a return being made the provisions of this subsection as to the
making of the return shall, in respect of the meeting, be deemed to have
been complied with.
(5) The Registrar on receiving the account and in respect of each
such meeting either of the returns mentioned in subsection (3) or (4) shall
forthwith register them, and on the expiration of three months from the
registration thereof the company shall be deemed to be dissolved, but the
court may, on the application of the liquidator or of any person who
appears to the court to be interested, make an order deferring the date
at which the dissolution of the company is to take effect from such time
as the court thinks fit.
(6) The person on whose application an order of the court under
this section is made, shall, within seven days after the making of the
order, lodge with the Registrar a copy of the order for registration.
Provisions Applicable to Every
425. Subject to the provisions of this Act as to preferential payments,
the property of a company shall, on its winding up, be applied in
satisfaction of its liabilities equally, and subject to that application, shall,
unless the articles of incorporation of the company otherwise provide,
be distributed among the members according to their rights and interests
in the company.
426. (1) The liquidator may
(a) in the case of a members voluntary winding up, with the
sanction of a special resolution of the company and, in the
case of a creditors voluntary winding up, with the sanction of
either the court or the committee of inspection, exercise any
of the powers given by paragraphs (d), (e) and (f) of section
375(1) to a liquidator in a winding up by the court;
(b) exercise any of the other powers by this Act given to the
liquidator in the winding up by the court;
Distribution of
property of
company.
Powers and
duties of
liquidator in
voluntary
winding up.
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Companies
275 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(c) exercise the power of the court under this Act of settling
a list of contributories, and the list of contributories shall be
prima facie evidence of the liability of the persons named
therein to be contributories;
(d) exercise the power of the court of making calls; and
(e) summon general meetings of the company for the
purpose of obtaining the sanction of the company by special
resolution or for any other purpose he may think fit.
(2) The liquidator shall pay the debts of the company and shall
adjust the right of the contributories among themselves.
(3) When several liquidators are appointed, any power given by
this Act may be exercised by such one or more of them as may be
determined at the time of their appointment, or, in default of such
determination, by any number not less than two.
(4) Unless the committee of inspection or, as the case may be, the
members determines or determine, section 379 shall apply in the case of
a liquidator in a voluntary winding up as it applies in the case of a
liquidator of a company being wound up by the court.
427. (1) If from any cause whatever there is no liquidator acting, the
court may appoint a liquidator.
(2) The court may, on cause shown, remove a liquidator and
appoint another liquidator.
428. The liquidator shall, within twenty-one days after his
appointment, publish in the Gazette and in one daily newspaper printed
and circulating in Guyana, and deliver to the Registrar for registration a
notice of his appointment in the prescribed form.
429. (1) Any arrangement entered into between a company about to
be, or in the course of being, wound up and its creditors shall, subject to
the right of appeal under this section, be binding on the company if
sanctioned by a special resolution, and on the creditors if acceded to by
three-fourths in number and value of the creditors.
Power of court
to appoint and
remove
liquidator in
voluntary
winding up.
Notice by
liquidator of
his appoint-
ment.
Arrangement
when binding
on creditors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Any creditor or contributory may, within three weeks from
the completion of the arrangement appeal to the court against it and the
court may thereupon, as it thinks just, amend, vary, or confirm the
arrangement.
430. (1) The liquidator or any contributory or creditor may apply to the
court to determine any question arising in the winding up of a company,
or the exercise as respects the enforcing of calls, or any other matter,
all or any of the powers which the court might exercise if the company
were being wound up by the court.
(2) The court, if satisfied that the determination of the question
or the required exercise of the power will be just and beneficial, may
accede wholly or partially to the application on such terms and conditions
as it thinks fit, or may make such other order on the application as it thinks
just.
(3) A copy of an order may by virtue of this section staying the
proceedings in the winding up shall forthwith be lodged by the company,
or otherwise as may be prescribed, with the Registrar, who shall enter
a minute of the order in his records relating to the company.
431. All costs, charges and expenses properly incurred in the winding
up, including the remuneration of the liquidator, must be paid out of the
assets of the company in priority to all other claims.
432. The winding up of a company shall not bar the right of any creditor
or contributory to have it wound up by the court, but in the case of an
application by a contributory the court must be satisfied that the rights
of the contributories will be prejudiced by a voluntary winding up.
Power to
apply to court
to have
questions
determined or
powers
exercised.
Costs of
voluntary
winding up.
Saving for
rights of
creditors and
contributories.
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Companies
277 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
DIVISION D
PROVISIONS APPLICABLE TO EVERY
MODE OF WINDING UP
Proof and Ranking of Claims
433. (1) In every winding up, subject in the case of insolvent
companies to the application in accordance with the provisions of this
Act of the law of bankruptcy, all debts payable on a contingency, and all
claims against the company, present or future, certain or contingent,
ascertained or sounding only in damages, shall be admissible to proof
against the company, a just estimate being made, so far as possible of
the value of such debts or claims as are subject to any contingency or
sound only in damages or for some other reason do not bear a certain
value.
(2) Subject to section 434, in the winding up of an insolvent
company the same rules shall prevail and be observed with regard to the
respective rights of secured and unsecured creditors and to debts
provable and to the valuation of annuities and future and contingent
liabilities as are in force for the time being under the law of bankruptcy
with respect to the estates of persons adjudged bankrupt, and all persons
who in any such case would be entitled to prove for and receive
dividends out of the assets of the company may come in under the
winding up, and make such claims against the company as they
respectively are entitled to by virtue of this section.
434. (1) In a winding up of a company there shall be paid in priority to
all other debts
(a) all local government rates and all public taxes of every
description due from the company within the period of twelve
months before the relevant date and not exceeding in the
whole one years rates and taxes;
(b) all wages and salary of any employee in respect of
services rendered to the company during the period of four
months before the relevant date;
Debts of all
descriptions to
be proved.
Preferential
payments.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(c) all wages of any employee, whether payable for time or
piece work, in respect of services rendered to the company
during the period of four months before the relevant date; or
(d) contributions payable under the National Insurance and
Social Security Act.
(2) The debts and claims to which priority is given by subsection
(1) shall
(a) rank equally among themselves and be paid in full, unless
the assets are insufficient, to meet them, in which case they
shall abate in equal proportions; and
(b) as far as the assets of the company available for
payment of general creditors are insufficient to meet them,
have priority over the claims of holders of debentures under
any floating charge created by the company, and paid
accordingly out of any property comprised in or subject to that
charge.
(3) Subject to the retention of such sums as are necessary for the
costs and expenses of the winding up, the debts and claims to which
priority shall be given by subsection (1) shall be discharged forthwith so
far as the assets are sufficient to meet them.
(4) In the event of a landlord or other person distraining or having
distrained on any goods or effects of the company within three months
next before the date of a winding-up order, the debts to which priority
shall be given by subsection (1) shall be a first charge on the goods or
effects so distrained on, or the proceeds of the sale thereof, but in respect
of any money paid under any such charge, the landlord or other person
shall have the same rights of priority as the person to whom the payment
is made.
(5) In this section, the relevant date means
(a) in the case of a company ordered to be wound up
compulsorily which had not previously commenced to be
wound up voluntarily, the date of the winding up order; and
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Companies
279 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) in any other case, the date of the commencement of the
winding up.
Effect of Winding Up on
Antecedent and Other Transactions
435. (1) Any conveyance, mortgage, delivery of goods, payment,
execution, or other act relating to property which would, if made or done
by or against an individual, be deemed in his bankruptcy a fraudulent
preference, or a fraudulent conveyance, assignment, transfer, sale or
disposition, shall, if made or done by or against a company, be deemed
in the event of its being wound up, a fraudulent preference of its
creditors, or a fraudulent conveyance, assignment, transfer, sale or
disposition, as the case may be, and be invalid accordingly.
(2) For the purposes of this section, the commencement of the
winding up shall be deemed to correspond with the presentation of the
bankruptcy petition in the case of an individual.
(3) Any conveyance or assignment by a company of all its
property to trustees for the benefit of all its creditors shall be void.
436. (1) Where, in the case of a company wound up in Guyana,
anything made or done after the commencement of this Act shall be void
under section 435 as a fraudulent preference of a person interested in
property mortgage or charged to secure the companys debts, then
(without prejudice to any rights or liabilities arising apart from this
provision) the person preferred shall be subject to the same liabilities, and
shall have the same rights, as if he had undertaken to be personally liable
as surety for the debt to the extent of the charge on the property or the
value of his interest, whichever is the less.
(2) The value of the interests of a person referred to in
subsection (1) shall be determined as at the date of the transaction
constituting the fraudulent preference, and shall be determined as if the
interest were free of all incumbrances other than those to which the
charge for the companys debt was then subject.
Fraudulent
preference.
Liabilities and
rights of
certain
fraudulently
preferred
persons.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) On any application made to the court with respect to any
payment on the ground that the payment was a fraudulent preference
of a surety or guarantor, the court shall have jurisdiction to determine any
questions with respect to whom the payment was made and the surety
or guarantor and to grant relief in respect thereof, notwithstanding that
it is not necessary so to do for the purposes of the winding up, and for
that purpose may give leave to bring in the surety or guarantor as a third
party as in the case of an action for the recovery of the sum paid.
(4) This subsection shall apply, with the necessary modifications,
in relation to transactions other than the payment of money as it applies
in relation to payments.
437. Where a company is being wound up, a floating charge on the
undertaking or property of the company created within twelve months
of the commencement of the winding up shall be, unless it is proved that
the company immediately after the creation of the charge was solvent,
invalid, except to the amount of any cash paid to the company at the time
of or subsequently to the creation of, and in consideration for, the charge,
together with interest on that amount at the rate of six per cent per annum
or such other rate as may for the time being be prescribed by order of
the Minister.
438. (1) Where any part of the property of a company which is being
wound up consists of land of any tenure burdened with onerous
covenants, of shares or stock in bodies corporate, or unprofitable
contracts, or of any other property that is unsaleable, or not readily
saleable, by reason of its binding the possessor thereof to the
performance of any onerous act, or to the payment of any sum of money,
the liquidator of the company, notwithstanding that he has endeavoured
to sell or has taken possession of the property, or exercised any act of
ownership in relation thereto, may, with the leave of the court and subject
to the provisions of this section, by writing signed by him, at any time
within twelve months after the commencement of the winding up or such
extended period as may be allowed by the court, disclaim the property;
but where any such property has not come to the knowledge of the
liquidator within one month after the commencement of the winding up,
Effect of
floating charge.
Disclaimer of
onerous
property.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
281 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
the power under this section of disclaiming the property may be
exercised at any time within twelve months after he has become aware
thereof or such extended period as may be allowed by the court.
(2) The disclaimer shall operate to determine, as from the date of
disclaimer, the rights, interest, and liabilities of the company and the
property of the company, in or in respect of the property disclaimed, but
shall not, except so far as is necessary for the purpose of releasing the
company and the property of the company from liability, affect the rights
or liabilities of any other person.
(3) The court, before or on granting leave to disclaim, may
require such notices to be given to persons interested, and impose such
terms as a condition of granting leave, and make such other order in the
matter as the court thinks just.
(4) The liquidator shall not be entitled to disclaim any property
under this section in any case where an application in writing has been
made to him by any person interested in the property requiring him to
decide whether he will or will not disclaim, and the liquidator has not,
within a period of twenty-eight days after the receipt of the application
or such further period as may be allowed by the court, given notice to
the applicant that he intends to apply to the court for leave to disclaim,
and, in the case of a contract, if the liquidator, after such an application,
does not within the said period or further period disclaim the contract, the
company shall be deemed to have adopted it.
(5) The court may, on the application of any person who is, as
against the liquidator, entitled to the benefit or subject to the burden of
a contract made with a company, make an order rescinding the contract
on such terms as to payment by or to either party of damages for the non-
performance of the contract, or otherwise as the court thinks just, and
any damages payable under the order to any such person may be proved
by him as a debt in the winding up.
(6) The court may, on an application by any person who either
claims any interest in any disclaimed property or is under any liability not
discharged by this Act in respect of any disclaimed property and on
hearing any such persons as it thinks fit, make an order for the vesting
LAWS OF GUYANA
of the property in or the delivery of the property to any persons entitled
thereto, or to whom it may seem just that the property should be delivered
by way of compensation for such liability, or a trustee for him, and on
such terms as the court thinks just, and on any such vesting order being
made, the property comprised therein shall vest accordingly in the
person therein named in that behalf without any conveyance or
assignment for the purpose.
(7) Notwithstanding anything in subsection (6), where the
property disclaimed is of a leasehold nature, the court shall not make a
vesting order in favour of any person claiming under the company,
whether as under-lessee or a mortgagee by demise, except upon terms
of making that person
(a) subject to the same liabilities and obligations as those to
which the company was subject under the lease in respect of
the property at the commencement of the winding up; or
(b) if the court thinks fit, subject only to the same liabilities
and obligations as if the lease had been assigned to that person
at that date,
and in either event, if the case so required, as if the lease had comprised
only the property comprised in the vesting order, and any mortgagee or
under-lessee declining to accept a vesting order upon such terms shall
be excluded from all interest in and security upon the property, and, if
there is no person claiming under the company who is willing to accept
an order upon such terms, the court may vest the estate and interest of
the company in the property in any person liable personally or in a
representative character, and either alone or jointly with the company to
perform the lessees covenants in the lease, freed and discharged from
all incumbrances and interests created therein by the company.
(8) Any person injured by the operation of a disclaimer under this
section shall be deemed to be a creditor of the company to the amount
of the injury, and may accordingly prove the amount as a debt in the
winding up.
439. In sections 440 and 441 Interpretation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
283 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
bailiff includes any officer charged with the execution of a writ or
other process;
goods include all chattels personal.
440. (1) Where a creditor has issued execution against the goods or
lands of a company or has attached any debt due to the company and
the company is subsequently wound up, he shall not be entitled to retain
the benefit of the execution or attachment against the liquidator in the
winding up of the company unless he has completed the execution or
attachment before the commencement of the winding up but
(a) where any creditor has had notice of a meeting having
been called at which a resolution for voluntary winding up is
to be proposed, the date on which the creditor so had notice
shall for the purposes of the foregoing provisions be
substituted for the date of the commencement of the winding
up;
(b) a person who purchases in good faith under a sale by a
bailiff any goods of a company on which an execution has
been levied shall in all cases acquire a good title to them
against the liquidator; and
(c) the rights conferred by this subsection on the liquidator
may be set aside by the court in favour of the creditor to such
extent and subject to such terms as the court may think fit.
(a) an execution against goods shall be taken to be
completed by seizure and sale;
(b) an attachment of a debt shall be deemed to be completed
by receipt of the debt; and
(c) an execution against land shall be deemed to be
completed from the date of the order for sale or by seizure as
the case may be, and, in the case of an equitable interest by
the appointment of a receiver.
Restriction of
rights of
creditor as to
execution or
attachment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
441. (1) Subject to subsection (3), where any goods of a company are
taken in execution and, before the sale thereof or the completion of the
execution by the receipt or recovery of the full amount of the levy, notice
is served on the bailiff that a provisional liquidator has been appointed or
that a winding-up order has been made or that a resolution for voluntary
winding up has been passed, the bailiff shall, on being so required, deliver
the goods and any money seized or received in part satisfaction of the
execution to the liquidator, but the costs of the execution shall be a first
charge on the goods or money so delivered and the liquidator may sell
the goods, or a sufficient part thereof, for the purpose of satisfying that
charge.
(2) Subject to subsection (3), where under an execution in
respect of a judgment for a sum exceeding one hundred dollars the goods
of a company are sold or money is paid in order to avoid sale, the bailiff
must deduct the costs of the execution from the proceeds of the sale or
the money paid and retain the balance for fourteen days, and if within
that time notice is served on him of a petition for the winding up of the
company having been presented or of a meeting having been called at
which there is to be proposed a resolution for the voluntary winding up
of the company and an order is made or a resolution is passed, as the case
may be, for the winding up of the company, the bailiff must pay the
balance to the liquidator, who shall be entitled to retain it as against the
execution creditor.
(3) The rights conferred by this section on the liquidator may be
set aside by the court in favour of the creditor to such extent and subject
to such terms as the court thinks fit.
Offences
442. (1) Any person (being a past or present officer of a company
which at the time of the commission of the alleged offence is being
wound up, whether by the court or voluntarily, or is subsequently ordered
to be wound up by the court or subsequently passes a resolution for
voluntary winding up), who
(a) does not to the best of his knowledge and belief fully and
truly discover to the liquidator all the property, movable and
Duties of
bailiff as to
goods taken in
execution.
Offences by
officers of
companies in
liquidation.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
285 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
immovable, of the company, and how and whom and for what
consideration and when the company disposed of any part
thereof, except such part as has been disposed of in the
ordinary way of the business of the company;
(b) does not deliver up to the liquidator, or as he directs, all
such part of the movable and immovable property of the
company as is in his custody or under his control, and which
he is required by law to deliver up;
(c) does not deliver up to the liquidator, or as he directs, all
books and papers in his custody or under his control belonging
to the company and which he is required by law to deliver up;
(d) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or at any time thereafter conceals any part of
the property of the company to the value of one hundred
dollars or upwards, or conceals any debt due to or from the
company;
(e) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or at any time thereafter fraudulently removes
any part of the property of the company to the value of one
hundred dollars or upwards;
(f) makes any material omission in any statement relating to
the affairs of the company;
(g) knowing or believing that a false debt has been proved
by any person under the winding up, fails for the period of one
month to inform the liquidator thereof;
(h) after the commencement of the winding up prevents the
production of any book or paper affecting or relating to the
property or affairs of the company;
(i) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or at any time thereafter, conceals, destroys,
mutilates or falsifies, or is privy to the concealment,
destruction, mutilation, or falsification of, any book or paper
affecting or relating to the property or affairs of the company;
(j) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or at any time thereafter makes or is privy to
the making of any false entry in any book or paper affecting
or relating to the property or affairs of the company;
(k) within twelve months next before the commencement
of the winding up or at any time thereafter fraudulently parts
LAWS OF GUYANA
with, alters or makes any omission in, or is privy to the
fraudulent parting with, altering or making any omission in,
any document affecting or relating to the property or affairs
of the company;
(l) after the commencement of the winding up or at any
meeting of the creditors of the company within twelve months
next before the commencement of the winding up attempts to
account for any part of the property of the company by
fictitious losses or expenses;
(m) has within twelve months next before the
commencement of the winding up or at any time thereafter,
by any false representation or other fraud, obtained any
property for or on behalf of the company on credit which the
company does not subsequently pay for;
(n) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or any time thereafter, under the false
pretence that the company is carrying on its business, obtains
on credit, for or on behalf of the company, any property which
the company does not subsequently pay for;
(o) within twelve months next before the commencement of
the winding up or at any time thereafter pawns, pledges or
disposes of any property of the company which has been
obtained on credit and has not been paid for, unless such
pawning, pledging or disposing is in the ordinary way of the
business of the company; or
(p) is guilty of any false representation or other fraud for the
purpose of obtaining the consent of the creditors of the
company or any of them to an agreement with reference to
the affairs of the company or to the winding up,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall, in the case of the offences
mentioned respectively in paragraphs (m), (n) and (o), be liable on
summary conviction to a fine of thirty thousand dollars and to
imprisonment for six months and, in the case of any other offence to a
fine of fifteen thousand dollars.
(2) It shall be a sufficient defence in proceedings for an offence
under paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (f), (n), or (o) of subsection (1) if the
accused proves that he had no intent to defraud, and in proceedings for
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
287 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
an offence under paragraph (h), (i) or (j) of subsection (1) if he proves
that he had no intent to conceal the state of affairs of the company or
to defeat the law.
(3) Where any person pawns, pledges or disposes of any
property in circumstances which amount to an offence under subsection
(1)(o), every person who takes in pawn or pledge or otherwise receives
the property knowing it to be pawned, pledged or disposed of in those
circumstances shall be guilty of an offence.
(4) For the purposes of this section, officer includes any person
in accordance with whose directions or instructions the directors of a
company have been accustomed to act.
443. Any officer or contributory of a company being wound up who
destroys, mutilates, alters or falsifies any books, papers, or securities, or
makes or is privy to the making of any false or fraudulent entry in any
register, book of account or document belonging to the company with
intent to defraud or deceive any person, shall be guilty of an offence.
444. Any person who, being at the time of the commission of the
alleged offence an officer of a company which is subsequently ordered
to be wound up by the court or subsequently passes a resolution for
voluntary winding up
(a) has by false pretences or by means of any other fraud
induced any person to give credit to the company;
(b) with intent to defraud creditors of the company, has
made or caused to be made any gift or transfer of or charge
on, or has caused or connived at the levying of any execution
against, the property of the company; or
(c) with intent to defraud creditors of the company, has
concealed or removed any part of the property of the
company since, or within two months before, the date of any
unsatisfied judgment or order for payment of money obtained
against the company,
shall be guilty of an offence.
Penalty for
falsification of
books.
Frauds by
officers of
companies
which have
gone into
liquidation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
445. (1) If where a company is wound up it is shown that proper books
of account were not kept by the company throughout the period of two
years immediately preceding the commencement of the winding up, or
the period between the incorporation of the company and the
commencement of the winding up, whichever is the shorter, every
officer of the company who was knowingly a party to the default of the
company, unless he shows that he acted honestly and that in the
circumstances in which the business of the company was carried on the
fault was excusable, shall be guilty of an offence.
(2) For the purposes of this section, proper books of account shall
be deemed not to have been kept in the case of any company if there
have not been kept such books or accounts as are necessary to exhibit
and explain the transactions and financial position of the trade or
business of the company, including books containing entries from day to
day in sufficient detail of all cash received and cash paid, and, where the
trade or business has involved dealings in goods, statements of the
annual stocktakings and (except in the case of goods sold by way of
ordinary retail trade) of all goods sold and purchased, showing the goods
and the buyers and sellers thereof in sufficient detail to enable those
goods and those buyers and sellers to be identified.
446. (1) If in the course of the winding up of a company it appears that
any business of the company has been carried on
(a) with intent to defraud creditors of the company or the
creditors of any other person or for any fraudulent purpose;
(b) with reckless disregard of the companys obligation to
pay its debts and liabilities; or
(c) with reckless disregard of the insufficiency of the
companys assets to satisfy its debts and liabilities,
the court, on the application of the Official Receiver or the liquidator or
any creditor or contributory of the company may, if it thinks proper so
to do, declare that any of the officers whether past or present, of the
company or any other persons who were knowingly parties to the
carrying on of the business in that manner are personally responsible,
without any limitation of liability, for all or any of the debts or other
liabilities of the company, as far as the court may direct.
Liability where
proper
accounts not
kept.
Fraudulent
trading.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
289 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Where the court makes any declaration referred to in
subsection ( 1 ) it may give such further directions as it thinks proper for
the purpose of giving effect to that declaration, and in particular may
make any provision for making the liability of a person under the
declaration a charge on any debt or obligation due from the company to
him, or on any mortgage or charge or any interest in any mortgage or
charge, on any assets of the company held by or vested in him, or any
company or person on his behalf or any person claiming as assignee from
or through the person liable to any person acting on his behalf, and may
from time to time make such further order as may be necessary for the
purpose of enforcing any charge imposed under this subsection.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), assignee includes any
person to whom or in whose favour, by the directions of the person liable,
the debt, obligation, mortgage or charge was created, issued or
transferred or the interest created, but shall not include an assignee for
valuable consideration (not including consideration by way of marriage)
given in good faith and without notice of any of the matters on the ground
of which the declaration is made.
(4) Where any business of a company is carried on with such
intent or for such purpose as is mentioned in subsection (1), every person
who was knowingly a party to the carrying on of the business in that
manner shall be guilty of an offence.
447. (1) If in the course of winding up a company it appears that any
person who has taken part in the formation or promotion of the company,
or any past or present officer or liquidator of the company, has
misapplied or retained or become liable or accountable for any money
or property of the company or been guilty of any misfeasance or breach
of trust in relation to the company, the court may, on the application of
the Official Receiver or of the liquidator, or of any creditor or
contributory, examine into the conduct of the promoter, liquidator or
officer, and compel him to repay or restore the money or property or any
part thereof respectively with interest at such rate as the court thinks
just, or to contribute such sum to the assets of the company by way of
compensation in respect of the misapplication, retainer, misfeasance or
breach of trust as the court thinks just.
Power of court
to assess
damages
against
delinquent
directors, etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The provisions of this section shall have effect
notwithstanding that the offence is one for which the offender may be
criminally liable.
448. (1) If it appears to the court in the course of a winding up by the
court, that any past or present officer, or any member, of the company
has been guilty of an offence in relation to the company for which he is
criminally liable the court may, either on the application of any person
interested in the winding up or on its own motion, direct the liquidator to
refer the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions.
(2) If it appears to the liquidator in the course of a voluntary
winding up that any past or present officer, or any member, of a company
has been guilty of an offence in relation to the company for which he is
criminally liable, he shall forthwith report the matter to the Director of
Public Prosecutions and shall furnish to the Director such information
and give to him such access to and facilities for inspecting and taking
copies of any documents, being information or documents in the
possession or under the control of the liquidator and relating to the matter
in question, as the Director may require.
(3) Where any report is made under subsection (2) to the
Director of Public Prosecutions, he may, if he thinks fit, refer the matter
to the Minister for further enquiry, and the Minister may appoint an
inspector under Division B of Part VI to investigate the matter.
(4) If it appears to the court in the course of a voluntary winding
up that any past or present officer, or any member, of the company has
been guilty of any offence in relation to the company for which he is
criminally liable, and that no report with respect to the matter has been
made by the liquidator to the Director of Public Prosecutions under
subsection (2), the court may, on the application of any person interested
in the winding up or of its own motion, direct the liquidator to make such
a report, and on a report being made accordingly the provisions of this
section shall have effect as though the report had been made in
pursuance of subsection (2).
Prosecution of
delinquent
officers and
members of a
company;
penalties.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
291 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(5) If, where any matter is reported or referred to the Director
of Public Prosecutions under this section, he considers that the case is
one in which a prosecution ought to be instituted, the liquidator and every
officer and agent of the company past and present (other than the
defendant in the proceedings) shall give him all assistance in connection
with the prosecution which he is reasonably able to give.
(6) For the purposes of subsection (5), agent, in relation to a
company, shall be deemed to include any banker or attorney-at-law of
the company and any person employed by the company as auditor,
whether that person is or is not an officer of the company.
(7) If any person fails or neglects to give assistance in the manner
required by subsection (5), the court may, on the application of the
Director of Public Prosecutions, direct that person to comply with the
requirements of that subsection, and where any such application is made
with respect to a liquidator the court may, unless it appears that the
failure or neglect to comply was due to the liquidator not having in his
hands sufficient assets of the company to enable him so to do, direct that
the costs of the application shall be borne by the liquidator personally.
(8) A person guilty of an offence under section 442(3), 443, 444,
445 or 446 shall on summary conviction be liable to a fine of thirty
thousand dollars and imprisonment for six months.
Supplementary Provisions as to Winding Up
449. A body corporate or an undischarged bankrupt shall not be
qualified for appointment as liquidator of a company, whether in a
winding up by the court or in a voluntary winding up, and
(a) any appointment made in contravention of this provision
shall be void; and
(b) any body corporate which or an undischarged bankrupt
who, acts as liquidator of a company shall be guilty of an
offence.
Disqualifica-
tion for
appointment
as liquidator.
LAWS OF GUYANA
450. Where a company is being wound up, whether by the court or
voluntarily, every invoice, order for goods or business letter issued by or
on behalf of the company or a liquidator of the company, or a receiver
or manager of the property of the company, being a document on or in
which the name of the company appears, shall contain a statement that
the company is being wound up.
451. If default is made in complying with section 450, the company and
every officer of the company, and every liquidator of the company and
every receiver or manager, who knowingly authorises or permits the
default, shall be guilty of an offence.
452. (1) In the case of a winding up by the court, or of a creditors
voluntary winding up, of a company
(a) every assurance relating solely to freehold or leasehold
property, or to any mortgage, charge or other incumbrance
on, or any right or interest in, any movable or immovable
property, which forms part of the assets of the company and
which, after the execution of the assurance, either at law or
in equity, is or remains, part of the assets of the company; and
(b) every power of attorney, proxy, writ, order, certificate,
affidavit, bond or other instrument or writing relating solely to
the property of any company which is being so wound up or
to any proceeding under any such winding up,
shall be exempt from duties chargeable under the Tax Act.
(2) In subsection (1), assurance includes deed, conveyance,
assignment, transfer and surrender.
453. Where a company is being wound up, all books and papers of the
company and of the liquidators shall, as between the contributories of the
company, be prima facie evidence of the truth of all matters purporting
to be recorded therein.
454. (1) When a company has been wound up, and is about to be
dissolved, the books and papers of the company and of the liquidators
may be disposed of as follows, namely
Notification
that a
company is in
liquidation.
Failure to
comply with
section 450.
Exemption of
certain
documents
from stamp
duty on
winding up of
companies.
c. 80:01
Books of
company to be
evidence.
Disposal of
books and
papers of
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
293 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) in the case of a winding up by the court in such manner
as the court directs;
(b) in the case of a members voluntary winding up, in such
way as a general meeting of the company by ordinary
resolution directs, and, in the case of a creditors voluntary
winding up, in such manner as the committee of inspection or,
if there is no such committee, as a meeting of the creditors of
the company, by resolution directs.
(2) After five years from the dissolution of the company no
responsibility shall rest on the company, the liquidators or any person to
whom the custody of the books and papers has been committed, by
reason of any book or paper not being forthcoming to any person
claiming to be interested therein.
(3) Provision may be made by rules made under section 462 for
enabling the court to prevent, for such period (not exceeding five years
from the dissolution of the company) as the court thinks proper, the
destruction of the books and papers of a company which has been
wound up, and for enabling any creditor or contributory of the company
to make representations to the court.
(4) If any person acts in contravention of any rules made under
section 462 for the purposes of this section or of any direction of the court
thereunder, he shall be guilty of an offence.
455. (1) If where a company is being wound up the winding up is not
concluded within one year after its commencement, the liquidator shall,
at such intervals as may be prescribed, until the winding up is concluded,
send to the Registrar a statement in the prescribed form and containing
the prescribed particulars with respect to the proceedings in and position
of the liquidator.
(2) Any person stating himself in writing to be a creditor or
contributory of the company shall be entitled, by himself or by his agent,
at all reasonable times, on payment of the prescribed fee, to inspect the
statement, and to receive a copy thereof or extract therefrom.
Information as
to pending
liquidations;
penalties.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) If a liquidator fails to comply with this section, he shall be
guilty of an offence and any person untruthfully stating himself as
provided in subsection (2) to be a creditor or contributory shall be guilty
of a contempt of court, and shall, on the application of the liquidator or
of the Official Receiver, be punishable accordingly.
(4) A person guilty of an offence under this section, except the
offence of a contempt of court, or under sections 449, 451 and 453 shall
on summary conviction be liable to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars.
456. (1) If it appears either from any statement sent to the Registrar
under section 455 or otherwise that a liquidator had in his hands or under
his control any money representing unclaimed or undistributed assets of
the company which have remained unclaimed or undistributed for six
months after the date of their receipt or any money held by the company
in trust in respect of dividends or other sums due to any person as a
member of the company, the liquidator shall forthwith pay that money
into court, and shall be entitled to the prescribed certificate of receipt for
the money so paid, and that certificate shall be an effectual discharge to
him in respect thereof.
(2) Any person claiming to be entitled to any money paid into
court in pursuance of this section may apply to the court for payment
thereof, and the court may, on a certificate by the liquidator that the
person claiming is entitled, make an order for the payment to that person
of the sum due.
Supplementary Powers of Court
457. The court may, as to all matters relating to the winding up of a
company, have regard to the wishes of the creditors or contributories of
the company, as proved to it by any sufficient evidence, and may, if it
thinks fit, for the purpose of ascertaining those wishes, direct meetings
of the creditors or contributories to be called, held and conducted in such
manner as the court directs, and may appoint a person to act as
Chairman of any such meeting and to report the result thereof to the
court.
Unclaimed
assets.
Meetings to
ascertain
wishes of
creditors or
contributories.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
295 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
458. (1) Any affidavit required to be sworn under the provisions or for
the purposes of this Part may be sworn in Guyana or elsewhere before
any court, judge, or person lawfully authorised to take and receive
affidavits.
(2) All courts, judges, justices, commissioners and persons acting
judicially shall take judicial notice of the seal or stamp or signature, as the
case may be, of any such court, judge or person attached, appended, or
subscribed to any such affidavit, or to any other document to be used for
the purposes of this Part.
Provisions as to Dissolution
459. (1) Where a company has been dissolved (otherwise than
pursuant to section 487) the court may at any time within two years of
the date of the dissolution, on an application being made for the purpose
by the liquidator of the company or by any other person who appears to
the court to be interested, make an order, upon such terms as the court
thinks fit, declaring the dissolution to have been void, and thereupon such
proceedings may be taken as might have been taken if the company had
not been dissolved.
(2) The person on whose application the order was made shall,
within seven days after the making of the order, or such further time as
the court allows, lodge with the Registrar a copy of the order, and if that
person fails so to do he shall be guilty of an offence and shall on summary
conviction be liable to a fine of three thousand dollars.
460. (1) Where, after a company has been dissolved, there remains
any outstanding property, movable and immovable, including things in
action and whether within or outside Guyana which was vested in the
company or to which it was entitled, or over which it had a disposing
power at the time it was dissolved, but which has not been realised or
otherwise disposed of or dealt with by the company or its liquidator, such
property shall, for the purposes of this section and section 461 and
notwithstanding any enactment or rule of law to the contrary, by the
operation of this section be and become vested in the Registrar for all
Affidavits, etc.
Power of court
to declare
dissolution of
company void.
[6 of 1997]
Outstanding
assets of
defunct
company to
vest in
Registrar.
LAWS OF GUYANA
the interest therein legal or equitable of the company or its liquidator at
the date the company was dissolved, together with all claims, rights and
remedies which the company or its liquidator then had in respect thereof.
(2) Where any claim, right or remedy of the liquidator may under
this Act be made, exercised or availed of only with the approval or
concurrence of the court or some other person, the Registrar may for
the purposes of this section make, exercise or avail himself of that claim,
right or remedy without such approval or concurrence.
(3) Property vested in the Registrar by operation of this section
shall be liable and subject to all charges, claims and liabilities imposed
thereon or affecting such property by reason of any statutory provision
as to rates, taxes, charges or any other matter or thing to which such
property would have been liable or subject had such property continued
in the possession, ownership or occupation of the company; but there
shall not be imposed on the Registrar or the State any duty, obligation or
liability whatsoever to do or suffer any act or thing required by any such
statutory provision to be done or suffered by the owner or occupier other
than the satisfaction or payment of any such charges, claims or liabilities
out of the assets of the company so far as they are in the opinion of the
Registrar properly available for and applicable to such payment.
461. (1) Upon proof to the satisfaction of the Registrar that there is
vested in the Registrar by operation of section 460 or of an enactment
of a proclaimed State (as declared by order of the Minister, under section
467(3)) containing provisions similar to provisions of section 467, any
interest in property, whether solely or together with any other person, of
a beneficial nature and not merely held in trust, the Registrar may get in,
sell or otherwise dispose of or deal with the interest or any part thereof
as the Registrar sees fit.
(2) The Registrar may sell or otherwise dispose of or deal with
any such property either solely or in concurrence with any other person
in such manner for such consideration, by public auction, public tender
or private contract upon such terms and conditions as the Registrar
thinks expedient, and may make, execute and give such contracts,
instruments and documents as the Registrar thinks necessary.
Disposal of
moneys.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
297 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) The Registrar shall be remunerated by such commission,
whether by way of percentage or otherwise as is prescribed in respect
of the exercise of powers conferred by subsection (1).
(4) The moneys received by the Registrar in the exercise of any
of the powers conferred on the Registrar by this section shall be applied
in defraying all costs, expenses, commission and fees incidental thereto
and thereafter to any payment authorised by section 460 or this section
and the surplus, if any, shall be paid into such account as is prescribed,
and the same shall, subject to the rules made under section 462, be dealt
with according to orders of the court.
(5) Any claim, suit, or action for or in respect of any moneys paid
into the prescribed account shall be presented, made, or instituted within
twenty years next after the dissolution of the company, after the
expiration of which period of time all moneys then or at any time
thereafter standing to the credit of the prescribed account shall, if there
be no such claim, suit, or action pending, or any order of the court to the
contrary, be paid into the Consolidated Fund.
Rules
462. (1) The Minister may make rules for any purpose for which rules
may be made under this Part, for carrying this Part into effect and for
making provision for or with respect to the winding up and dissolution of
companies and costs and fees in connection therewith.
(2) The Minister may make rules with respect to the recognition
of and the giving effect to, in Guyana, any order in the nature of a
winding-up order made in a designated state in relation to an external
company incorporated or formed in the designated state.
(3) Without limiting the generality of the power of the Minister
under subsection (2), rules made under that subsection may provide
(a) for the exercise in Guyana of the powers of a liquidator
under this Act by a person appointed as liquidator in a
designated state;
Rules.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) for the application, with or without modification, of any
of the provisions of this Act relating to the winding up of
companies; and
(c) for the dissolution of an external company and the
disposal of its assets in the country.
(4) Rules made under this section shall have effect
notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Act.
(5) For the purposes of this section, designated state means
(a) any country which is a Member State of the Caribbean
Community; and
(b) any country designated under subsection (6).
(6) Where it appears to the Minister that an enactment in force
in any country contains provisions similar to the provisions of this section,
he may, by order published in the Gazette, designate the country for the
purposes of this section.
DIVISION E
Winding Up of Unregistered Companies
463. (1) For the purposes of this Division unregistered company
includes
(a) an external company;
(b) any partnership, whether limited or not, or association
consisting of not less than eight members; or
(c) any company not registered under this Act or any
corresponding previous enactment,
but shall not include,
(i) a company incorporated under this Act or any
corresponding previous enactment; or
Unregistered
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
299 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(ii) any society or association established under any
enactment designated by the Minister by order published in
the Gazette.
(2) The provisions of this Division shall be in addition to and not
in restriction of any provisions contained in this or any other Act with
respect to winding up of companies by the court and the court or
liquidator may exercise any powers or do any act in the case of
unregistered companies which might be exercised or done by it or him
in winding up of companies.
(3) The Minister may, from time to time, make an order for the
purpose of subsection (1) (c) (ii).
464. (1) Subject to this Division, any unregistered company may be
wound up under this Part, which Part shall apply to an unregistered
company with the following adaptations
(a) the principal place of business of the company in Guyana
shall for all the purposes of the winding up be the registered
office of the company;
(b) no such company shall be wound up voluntarily;
(c) the circumstances in which the company may be wound
up are
(i) if the company is dissolved or has ceased to have a
place of business in Guyana or has a place of business in
Guyana only for the purpose of winding up its affairs or has
ceased to carry on business in Guyana;
(ii) if the company is unable to pay its debts;
(iii) if the court is of the opinion that it is just and equitable
that the company should be wound up; or
(iv) in the case of an external company, in such a case as
is referred to in section 354(d).
(2) An unregistered company shall be deemed to be unable to pay
its debts if
Winding up of
unregistered
companies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) a creditor to whom the company is indebted in a sum
exceeding five hundred dollars then due has served on the
company, by leaving at its principal place of business in
Guyana or by delivering to the secretary or some director,
manager or principal officer of the company, or on a person
authorised by an external company to accept service of
process, or by otherwise serving in such manner as the court
approves or directs, a demand under his hand requiring the
company to pay the sum so due and the company has for three
weeks after the service of the demand neglected to pay the
sum or to secure or compound for it to the satisfaction of the
creditor;
(b) any action or other proceeding has been instituted
against any member for any debt or demand due or claimed
to be due from the company or from him in his character of
member, and, notice in writing of the institution of the action
or proceeding having been served on the company by leaving
it at its principal place of business in Guyana or by delivering
it to the secretary or some director, manager or principal
officer of the company, or on a person authorised by an
external company to accept service of process, or by
otherwise serving it in such manner as the court approves or
directs, the company has not within ten days after service of
the notice paid, secured or compounded for the debt or
demand or procured the action or proceeding to be stayed or
indemnified the defendant to his reasonable satisfaction
against the action or proceeding and against all costs,
damages and expenses to be incurred by him by reason
thereof;
(c) execution or other process issued on a judgment, decree
or order obtained in any court in favour of a creditor against
a company or any member thereof as such or any person
authorised to be sued as nominal defendant on behalf of the
company is returned unsatisfied;
(d) it is otherwise proved to the satisfaction of the court that
the company is unable to pay its debts.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
301 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) A company incorporated outside Guyana may be wound up
as an unregistered company under this Division notwithstanding that it
is being wound up or has been dissolved or has otherwise ceased to exist
as a company under or by virtue of the laws of the place under which
it was incorporated.
465. (1) On an unregistered company being wound up every person
shall be a contributory
(a) who is liable to pay or contribute to the payment of
(i) any debt or liability of the company;
(ii) any sum for the adjustment of the rights of the
members among themselves; or
(iii) the costs and expenses of winding up; or
(b) where the company has been dissolved in the place in
which it is formed or incorporated, who immediately before
the dissolution was so liable,
and every contributory shall be liable to contribute to the assets of the
company all sums due from him in respect of any such liability.
(2) On the death or bankruptcy of any contributory the provisions
of this Act with respect to the personal representatives of deceased
contributories and the trustees of bankrupt contributories respectively
apply.
466. (1) The provisions of this Act with respect to staying and
restraining actions and proceedings against a company at any time after
the presentation of a petition for winding up and before the making of a
winding up order shall, in the case of an unregistered company where
the application to stay or restrain is by a creditor, extend to actions and
proceedings against any contributory of the company.
Contributories
in winding up
of unregistered
company.
Power of court
to stay or
restrain
proceedings.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Where an order has been made for winding up an
unregistered company no action or proceeding shall be proceeded with
or commenced against any contributory of the company in respect of
any debt of the company except by leave of the court and subject to such
terms as the court may impose.
467. (1) Where an unregistered company, the place of incorporation
or origin of which is in a proclaimed State, has been dissolved and there
remains in Guyana any outstanding property which was vested in the
company or to which it was entitled or over which it had a disposing
power at the time it was dissolved, but which was not got in, realised, or
otherwise disposed of or dealt with, by the company or its liquidator
before the dissolution, the property shall, by the operation of this section
be and become vested for all the estate and interest therein legal or
equitable of the company or its liquidator at the date the company was
dissolved, in such person as is entitled thereto according to the law of the
place of incorporation or origin of the company.
(2) Where the place of origin of an unregistered company is
Guyana, the provisions of sections 460 and 461 shall apply with such
adaptations as may be necessary in respect of that company.
(3) Where it appears to the Minister that an enactment in force
in any Member State of the Caribbean Community contains provisions
similar to the provisions of this section, he may, by order published in the
Gazette, declare that State to be a proclaimed State for the purposes of
this section.
PART VI
ADMINISTRATION AND GENERAL
DIVISION A
FUNCTIONS OF THE REGISTRAR
Registrar of Companies
468. (1) The Registrar of Companies shall under the general
supervision of the Minister, be responsible for the administration of this
Act.
Outstanding
assets of
defunct
unregistered
company.
Responsibil-
ity.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
303 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) A seal may be prescribed by the Minister for use by the
Registrar in the performance of his duties.
469. A document may be served upon the Registrar by leaving it at the
office of the Registrar or by sending it by telex or by prepaid post or cable
addressed to the Registrar at his office.
Register of Companies
470. The Registrar must maintain a Register of Companies in which
to keep the name of every body corporate
(a) that is
(i) incorporated under this Act;
(ii) continued as a company under this Act;
(iii) registered under this Act; or
(iv) restored to the register pursuant to this Act; and
(b) that has not been subsequently struck off that Register.
471. (1) A person who has paid the prescribed fee shall be entitled,
during normal business hours, to examine, and to make copies of or
extracts from, a document required by this Act or the regulations to be
sent to the Registrar, except a report sent to him under section 507(2).
(2) The Registrar must, upon request and payment of the
prescribed fee, furnish any person with a copy or certified copy of any
document received by the Registrar under this Act, except a report
received by him pursuant to section 507(2).
(3) If the records maintained by the Registrar are prepared and
maintained in other than a written form
(a) the Registrar must furnish any copy required to be
furnished under this Act in an intelligible written form; and
(b) a report reproduced from those records, if it is certified
by the Registrar, shall be admissible in evidence to the same
extent as the original written records would be.
Service upon
the Registrar.
Register of
companies
Inspection of
register.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Notices and Documents
472. (1) A notice or document required by this Act, the regulations,
articles or the by-laws to be sent to a shareholder or director of a
company may be sent by telex or by prepaid post or cable addressed to,
or may be delivered personally to
(a) the shareholder at his latest address as shown in the
records of the company or its transfer agent; and
(b) the director at his latest address as shown in the records
of the company or in the latest notice filed under section 67
or 75.
(2) A director named in a notice sent by a company to the
Registrar under section 67 or 75 and filed by the Registrar shall be, for
the purposes of this Act, a director of the company referred to in the
notice.
473. A notice or document sent in accordance with section 472 to a
shareholder or director of a company shall, for the purpose of this Act,
be presumed to be received by him at the time it would be delivered in
the ordinary course of mail.
474. If a company sends a notice or document to a shareholder in
accordance with section 472 and the notice or document is returned on
three consecutive occasions because the shareholder cannot be found,
the company need not send any further notices or documents to the
shareholder until he informs the company in writing of his new address.
475. Where a notice or document is required to be sent pursuant to this
Act, the sending of the notice or document may be waived or the time
for the notice or document may be waived or abridged at any time with
the consent in writing of the person entitled to the notice or document.
476. A certificate issued on behalf of a company stating any fact that
is set out in the articles, the by-laws, the minutes of the meetings of the
directors, a committee of directors or the shareholders, or in a trust deed
or other contract to which the company is a party, may be signed by a
director, an officer or a transfer agent of the company.
Notice to
directors, etc.
Presumption
of receipt.
Undelivered
documents.
Notice waiver.
Certificate by
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
305 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
477. When introduced as evidence in any civil, criminal or
administrative action or proceeding
(a) a fact stated in a certificate referred to in section 476;
(b) a certified extract from a register of shareholders or
debenture-holders of a company; or
(c) a certified copy of minutes or extracts from minutes of
a meeting of shareholders, directors or a committee of
directors of a company,
shall, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, be proof of the fact so
certified without proof of the signature or official character of the person
appearing to have signed the certificate.
478. Where a notice or document is required by this Act to be sent to
the Registrar, he may accept a photostatic or photographic copy of the
notice or document.
479. (1) Where this Act requires that articles relating to a company be
sent to the Registrar, unless otherwise specifically provided
(a) two copies, in this section called duplicate originals, of
the articles must be signed by a director or an officer of the
company or, in the case of articles of incorporation, by the
incorporator; and
(b) upon receiving duplicate originals of any articles and any
other required documents and the prescribed fees, the
Registrar must
(i) endorse on each of the duplicate originals the word
registered and the date of the registration;
(ii) issue in duplicate the appropriate certificate and
attach to each certificate one of the duplicate originals of the
articles;
(iii) file a copy of the certificate and attached articles;
(iv) send to the company or its representative the original
certificate and attached articles; and
(v) publish in the Gazette notice of the issue of the
certificate.
Evidentiary
value.
Copies.
Filed articles.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) A certificate referred to in subsection (I) and issued by the
Registrar may be dated as of the day he receives the articles pursuant
to which the certificate is issued.
(3) A signature required on a certificate referred to in subsection
(1) may be printed or otherwise mechanically reproduced on the
certificate.
480. The Registrar may alter a notice or document, other than an
affidavit or statutory declaration, if so authorised by the person who sent
him the notice or document or by the representative of that person.
481. (1) If a certificate that contains an error is issued to a company
by the Registrar, the directors or shareholders of the company must,
upon the request of the Registrar, pass the resolutions and send to the
Registrar the documents required to comply with this Act, and take such
other steps as the Registrar may reasonably require, and the Registrar
may demand the surrender of the certificate and issue a corrected
certificate.
(2) A certificate corrected under subsection (1) must bear the
date of the certificate it replaces.
(3) If a corrected certificate issued under subsection (1)
materially amends the terms of the original certificate, the Registrar
must forthwith give notice of the correction in the Gazette.
482. (1) The Registrar may require that a document or a fact stated
in a document required or sent to him pursuant to this Act be verified in
accordance with subsection (2).
(2) A document or fact required by this Act or by the Registrar
to be verified may be verified by affidavit or affirmation.
(3) The Registrar may require of a body corporate the
authentication of a document; and the authentication may be signed by
the secretary, or any director or authorised person or by the attorney-
at-law for the body corporate.
Alteration of
documents.
Correction of
documents.
Proof of
documents.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
307 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
483. The Registrar need not produce any document of a prescribed
class after five years from the date he received it.
484. (1) The Registrar may furnish any person with a certificate
stating
(a) that a body corporate has or has not sent to the Registrar
a document required to be sent to him pursuant to this Act;
(b) that a name, whether that of a company or not, is or is
not on the register; or
(c) that a name, whether that of a company or not, was or
was not on the register on a stated date.
(2) Where this Act requires or authorises the Registrar to issue
a certificate or to certify any fact, the certificate or the certification must
be signed by the Registrar or by his deputy.
485. (1) The Registrar may refuse to receive, file or register a
document submitted to him, if he is of the opinion that the document
(a) contains matter contrary to law;
(b) by reason of any omission or error in description, has not
been duly completed;
(c) does not comply with the requirements of this Act;
(d) contains an error, alteration or erasure;
(e) is not sufficiently legible; or
(f) is not sufficiently permanent for his records.
(2) The Registrar may request that a document under subsection
(1) be amended or completed and re-submitted, or that a new document
be submitted in its place.
(3) If a document that is submitted to the Registrar is
accompanied with a statutory declaration by an attorney-at-law that the
document contains no matter contrary to law and has been duly
completed in accordance with the requirements of this Act, the
Registrar may accept the declaration as sufficient proof of the facts
therein declared.
Retention of
documents.
Registrars
certificate.
Refusal power.
LAWS OF GUYANA
486. Every document sent to the Registrar must be typed or printed on
durable paper.
Removal from Register
487. (1) The Registrar may strike off the register a company or other
body corporate, if
(a) the company or other body corporate fails to send any
return, notice, document or prescribed fee to the Registrar as
required pursuant to this Act;
(b) the company is dissolved;
(c) the company or other body corporate is amalgamated
with one or more other companies or bodies corporate;
(d) the company does not carry out an undertaking given
under section 491(a) (i); or
(e) the registration of the body corporate is revoked
pursuant to this Act.
(2) Where the Registrar is of the opinion that a company or other
body corporate is in default under subsection (l)(a), he must send it a
notice advising it of the default and stating that, unless the default is
remedied within twenty-eight days after the date of the notice, the
company or other body corporate will be struck off the register.
(3) Section 489 shall apply mutatis mutandis to the notice
mentioned in subsection (2).
(4) After the expiration of the time mentioned in the notice, the
Registrar may strike the company or other body corporate off the
register and publish a notice thereof in the Gazette.
(5) Where a company or other body corporate is struck off the
register, the Registrar may, upon receipt of an application in the
prescribed form and upon payment of the prescribed fee, restore it to the
register and issue a certificate in a form adapted to the circumstances.
Filing form.
Striking off
register.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
309 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
488. Where a body corporate is struck off the register, the liability of
the body corporate and of every director, officer or shareholder of the
body corporate shall continue and may be enforced as if it had not been
struck off the register.
Service
489. A notice or document may be served on a company
(a) by leaving it at, or sending it by telex or by prepaid post
or cable addressed to, the registered office of the company;
or
(b) by personally serving any director, officer, receiver,
receiver-manager or liquidator of the company.
Company Names
490. The Registrar may, upon request and upon payment of the
prescribed fee, reserve for twelve months a name for an intended
company or for a company about to change its name.
491. The name of a company
(a) must not be the same as or similar to the name or
business name of any other person or of any association,
partnership or firm, if the use of that name would be likely to
confuse or mislead, unless the person, association,
partnership or firm consents in writing to the use of that name
in whole or in part; and
(i) if required by the Registrar in the case of any person,
undertakes to dissolve or change his or its name to a
dissimilar name within six months after the filing of the
articles by which the name is acquired; or
(ii) if required by the Registrar in the case of an
association, partnership or firm, undertakes to cease to
carry on its business or activities, or undertakes to change
its name to a dissimilar name, within six months after the
filing of the articles by which the name is acquired;
Liability
continues.
Service on
company.
Reservation of
name.
Prohibited
name.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) must not be identical to the name of a body corporate
incorporated under the laws of Guyana before the
commencement of this Act;
(c) must not suggest or imply a connection with the State, or
the Government or of any Ministry, department, branch,
bureau, service, agency or activity of the Government, unless
consent in writing to the proposed name is duly obtained from
the appropriate Minister;
(d) must not suggest or imply a connection with a political
party or a leader of a political party;
(e) must not suggest or imply a connection with a university
or a professional association recognised by the laws of
Guyana unless the university or professional association
concerned consents in writing to the use of the proposed
name; and
(f) must not be a name that is prohibited by the regulations.
492. The Registrar may refuse to accept articles of incorporation or
continuation for a company or to register articles amending the name of
a company if
(a) the name is not distinctive because
(i) it is too general;
(ii) it is descriptive only of the quality, function or other
characteristic of the goods or services in which the
company deals or intends to deal; or
(iii) primarily it is only a geographic name used alone,
unless the applicant establishes that the name has through
use acquired and continues to have a secondary meaning;
(b) the name is deceptively inaccurate in describing
(i) the business, goods or services in association with
which it is proposed to be used;
(ii) the conditions under which the goods or services will
be produced or supplied;
(iii) the persons to be employed in the production or
supply of those goods or services; or
Refusal of
articles.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
311 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(iv) the place of origin of those goods and services;
(c) it is likely to be confusing with that of a company that was
dissolved;
(d) it contains the word or words credit union, co-
operative, or co-op, when it connotes a co-operative
venture; or
(e) it is, in the opinion of the Registrar, for any reason,
objectionable.
493. If two or more companies amalgamate, the amalgamated
company may have
(a) the name of one of the amalgamating companies;
(b) a distinctive combination, that is not confusing, of the
names of the amalgamating companies; or
(c) a distinctive new name that is not confusing.
494. Where a company has been revived under this Act, if, between
the date of its dissolution and the date of its revival, another company has
been granted a name that is likely to be confused with the name of the
revived company, the Registrar may require as a condition of its revival
that the revived company shall not carry on business or, if it seeks to
carry on business, that it changes its name immediately after it is revived.
DIVISION B
INSPECTIONS AND INVESTIGATIONS OF COMPANIES
General
company, includes an external company carrying on business within
Guyana;
interested person, in relation to a company, means
Amalgamation
companies.
Revival name.
Interpretation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(i) a person who is or was an officer of a company as
defined in section 2 of this Act;
(ii) a person who acts or has at any time acted as banker,
attorney-at-law, auditor or in any other capacity for the
company;
(iii) a person who
(a) has, or has at any time had, in his possession
any property of the company;
(b) is indebted to the company; or
(c) is capable of giving information concerning
the affairs of the company; and
(iv) where an inspector has reasonable grounds for
suspecting or believing that a person is a person of a kind
referred to in paragraph (iii), that person.
(2) Where an inspector is appointed to investigate a company he
shall have power to investigate any other company which belongs or has,
at any time, belonged to the same group of companies as the company
if he considers it necessary to do so for the purpose of investigating the
company in relation to which he was appointed.
Inspection
496. (1) An application for the appointment of one or more inspectors
to investigate
(a) affairs of a company;
(b) shareholding in, or trading in the shares of, a company;
(c) compliance or non-compliance with the requirements of
this Act relating to disclosure of shareholding in a company;
or
(d) such of the affairs of a company as are specified in the
application,
may be made to the Minister by instrument in writing.
Appointment
of inspector
by Minister.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
313 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Where an application is made under this section the applicant
shall furnish such information in connection with the application as the
Minister reasonably requires to enable him to determine whether there
are reasonable grounds for appointing one or more inspectors.
(3) Where it appears to the Minister whether on his own motion
or as a result of an application made under subsection (1) that
(a) it is desirable for the protection of the public or members
or creditors of a company or of holders of debentures of a
company;
(b) it is in the public interest because fraud, misfeasance or
other misconduct by a person who is or has been concerned
with the affairs of a company is alleged; or
(c) in any case it is in the public interest,
to appoint one or more inspectors to make an investigation of a company,
he may by instrument in writing appoint one or more inspectors.
(4) The Minister shall, in the instrument appointing any inspector,
specify full particulars of the appointment, including
(a) the matters in which the investigation is to be made;
(b) the period in respect of which the investigation is to be
made; and
(c) the terms and conditions of the appointment including
terms and conditions relating to remuneration.
(5) The Minister may by notice in writing given to an inspector
terminate his appointment at any time.
497. Notice of the appointment, and notice of the termination of the
appointment, of an inspector shall be published in the Gazette.
498. (1) An inspector may require an interested person in relation to
a company being investigated by notice in writing in accordance with the
prescribed form given in the prescribed manner
Notice of
appointment,
etc., to be
published.
Powers of
inspectors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) to produce to the inspector such books of the company
and other books relating to the affairs of the company as are
in the custody or under the control of the interested person;
(b) to give to the inspector all reasonable assistance in
connection with the investigation; and
(c) to appear before the inspector for examination on oath.
(2) An inspector may administer the oath referred to in
subsection (1)(c).
(3) Where books are produced to an inspector under this
Division, the inspector may take possession of the books for such period
as he considers necessary for the purposes of the investigation, and
during that period he shall permit a person who would be entitled to
inspect any one or more of those books, if they were not in the possession
of the inspector, to inspect at all reasonable times such of those books
as that person would be so entitled to inspect.
499. (1) Where a company is being investigated under this Division, an
interested person in relation to the company who
(a) refuses or fails to comply with a requirement under
section 498 to the extent to which he is able to comply with
it;
(b) in purported compliance with such a requirement
knowingly or recklessly furnishes information that is false or
misleading in a material particular; or
(c) when appearing before an inspector for examination in
pursuance of such a requirement
(i) makes a statement that is false or misleading in a
material particular; or
(ii) refuses or fails to take an oath,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall on summary conviction be liable
to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars.
(2) An attorney-at-law acting for an interested person in relation
to a company
Examination of
interested
persons.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
315 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) may attend the examination; and
(b) may, to the extent that the inspector permits
(i) address the inspector; and
(ii) examine the officer,
in relation to matters in respect of which the inspector has questioned the
interested person.
(3) An interested person is not excused from answering a
question put to him by the inspector on the ground that the answer might
tend to incriminate him but, where the interested person claims, before
answering the question, that the answer might tend to incriminate him,
neither the question nor the answer shall be admissible in evidence
against him in criminal proceedings other than proceedings under
subsection (1) or in relation to a charge of perjury in respect of the
answer.
(4) A person who complies with the requirements of an inspector
under section 498 shall not incur any liability to any person by reason only
of that compliance.
(5) A person required to attend for examination under this
Division shall be entitled to such allowances and expenses as are from
time to time prescribed.
(6) Regulations for the purposes of subsection (5) may be made
by reference to a scale of expenses for witnesses who attend before the
court.
500. (1) Where an interested person in relation to a company fails to
comply with a requirement of an inspector appointed to investigate the
company, the inspector may, unless the interested person proves that he
had lawful excuse for his failure, apply to the court for an order under
subsection (2).
(2) Where an inspector applies to the court under subsection (1),
the court may inquire into the case and
Interested
person failing
to comply
with require-
ments of this
Division.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) order the interested person concerned to comply with
the requirement of the inspector within such period as if fixed
by the court; or
(b) if the court is satisfied that the interested person failed
without lawful excuse to comply with the requirement of the
inspector, punish him in like manner as if he had been guilty
of contempt of court and, if it sees fit, also make an order
pursuant to paragraph (a).
501. (1) An inspector may, and if so directed by the Minister shall,
make interim reports to the Minister, and on the conclusion of the
investigation shall make a final report to the Minister.
(2) Any such report shall be written or printed, as the Minister
directs.
(3) The Minister shall cause
(a) a copy of any final report made by an inspector to be
forwarded to the registered office of the company
concerned; and
(b) a copy of the report to be furnished, on request and on
payment of the prescribed fee to any person who is a member,
shareholder, debenture-holder or creditor to the company or
of any other company dealt with in the report by virtue of
section 495(2),
and may also cause the report to be printed and published.
502. If from any report made under section 501 it appears to the
Minister that an offence may have been committed by any person and
that the case is one in which a prosecution ought to be instituted, the
Minister shall refer the matter to the Director of Public Prosecutions for
consideration of the question whether a prosecution should be instituted.
503. (1) Subject to subsection (2), the expenses of an investigation
shall be borne by the State.
Inspectors
reports.
Proceedings on
inspectors
report.
Expenses of
investigation.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
317 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Where, following on a reference under section 502, a person
is prosecuted for and convicted of an offence, the court before which
that person is convicted may, on the application of the prosecutor, order
that person to reimburse the State, pursuant to subsection (1), in respect
of the investigations which led to the report giving rise to that reference.
504. (1) Where an investigation into a company is being made under
this Division and it appears to the Minister that facts concerning shares
in, or debentures of, the company or rights relating to the issue of shares
by the company cannot be ascertained because an interested person in
relation to the company has failed or refused to comply with a
requirement of an inspector under section 502, the Minister may, by
order published in the Gazette, make one, or more than one, of the
following orders, namely
(a) an order restraining a person from disposing of any
interest in shares in. or debentures of, the company;
(b) an order restraining a person from acquiring shares in, or
debentures, of, the company;
(c) an order restraining the exercise of any voting or other
rights attached to shares in the company;
(d) an order directing a person who is registered as the
holder of shares in respect of which an order under this
section is in force to give notice in writing of that order to any
person whom he knows to be entitled to exercise a right to
vote attached to those shares;
(e) an order directing the company not to make payment,
except in the course of winding up, of any sum due from the
company in respect of shares in, or debentures of, the
company;
(f) an order directing the company not to register the
transfer or transmission of shares in, or debentures of, the
company; or
(g) an order directing the company not to issue shares to a
person who holds shares in the company by reason of his
holding shares in the company nor in pursuance of an offer
made to such a person by reason of his holding shares in the
company.
Orders may be
made by the
Minister.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) A copy of an order under subsection (1) and of any order by
which it is rescinded, revoked, altered or varied shall be served on the
company to which it refers.
(3) Where an order under subsection (1) is in force a person
aggrieved by the order may apply to the court for revocation or variation
of the order and the court may, if it is satisfied that it is reasonable to do
so, revoke or vary the order and any order by which it has been altered
or varied.
(4) A person who contravenes an order made under subsection
(1) shall be guilty of an offence.
(5) Where an offence under subsection (4) is committed by a
company, every officer (as defined in section 2) of the company in
default shall be guilty of an offence.
(6) A person shall on summary conviction for an offence under
subsection (4) or (5) be liable to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars.
505. (1) Where a report of an investigation under this Division has
been made by an inspector in respect of a company, application may be
made to the court by the Minister for the winding up of the company
under Part V.
(2) Upon the making of the application, the provisions of this Act
shall, with such adaptations as are necessary, apply as if
(a) in the case of a company not being an external company
carrying on business within Guyana, proceedings for the
winding up have been commenced by the company; and
(b) in the case of an external company carrying on business
within Guyana, proceedings for an order for the affairs of the
company so far as its assets in Guyana are concerned to be
wound up in Guyana had been commenced in the court by a
creditor of the company in the place in which it is incorporated
or formed.
Application
for winding
up.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
319 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
Investigation
506. (1) A shareholder or debenture-holder of a company, or the
Registrar, may apply, ex parte or upon such notice as the court may
require, to the court for an order directing that an investigation be made
of the company and any of its affiliated companies.
(2) If, upon an application under subsection (1) in respect of a
company, it appears to the court that
(a) the business of the company or any of its affiliates is or
has been carried on with intent to defraud any person;
(b) the business or affairs of the company or any of its
affiliates are or have been carried on in a manner, or the
powers of the directors are or have been exercised in a
manner, that is oppressive or unfairly prejudicial to or that
unfairly disregards the interest of a shareholder or debenture-
holder;
(c) the company or any of its affiliates was formed for a
fraudulent or unlawful purpose or is to be dissolved for a
fraudulent or unlawful purpose; or
(d) persons concerned with the formation, business or
affairs of the company or any of its affiliates have in
connection therewith acted fraudulently or dishonestly,
the court may order that an investigation be made of the company and
any of its affiliated companies.
(3) If a shareholder or debenture-holder makes an application
under subsection (1), he must give the Registrar reasonable notice
thereof, and the Registrar shall be entitled to appear and be heard in
(4) An ex parte application under this section must be heard in
camera.
(5) No person shall publish anything relating to an ex parte
proceeding except with the authorization of the court or the written
consent of the company that is being or to be investigated.
Investigation
order.
LAWS OF GUYANA
507. (1) In connection with an investigation under this Division in
respect of a company, the court may make any order it thinks fit,
including
(a) an order to investigate;
(b) an order appointing an inspector, who may be the
Registrar, and fixing the remuneration of the inspector and
replacing the inspector;
(c) an order determining the notice to be given to any
interested person, or dispensing with notice to any person;
(d) an order authorising an inspector to enter any premises
in which the court is satisfied there might be relevant
information, and to examine anything, and to make copies of
any documents or records, found on the premises;
(e) an order requiring any person to produce documents or
records to the inspector;
(f) an order authorising an inspector to conduct a hearing,
administer oaths and examine any person upon oath, and
prescribing rules for the conduct of the hearing;
(g) an order requiring any person to attend a hearing
conducted by an inspector and to give evidence upon oath;
(h) an order giving directions to an inspector or any
interested person on any matter arising in the investigation;
(i) an order requiring an inspector to make an interim or
final report to the court;
(j) an order determining whether a report of an inspector
should be published and, if so, ordering the Registrar to publish
the report in whole or in part or to send copies to any person
the court designates;
(k) an order requiring an inspector to discontinue an
investigation; or
(l) an order requiring the company to pay the costs of the
investigation.
(2) An inspector must send to the Registrar a copy of every
report made by the inspector under this Division.
508. (1) An inspector under this Division has the powers set out in the
order appointing him.
Court powers.
Inspectors
powers.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
321 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) An inspector must upon request produce to an interested
person a copy of any order made under section 507(1).
509. (1) An interested person may apply to the court for an order that
a hearing conducted by an inspector under this Division be heard in
camera and for directions on any matter arising in the investigation.
(2) A person whose conduct is being investigated or who is being
examined at a hearing conducted by an inspector under this Division may
appear and be heard in person or by an attorney-at-law.
510. No person shall be excused from attending and giving evidence
and producing documents and records to an inspector under this Division
by reason only that the evidence tends to incriminate that person or
subject him to any proceeding or penalty; but the evidence may not be
used or received against him in any proceeding thereafter instituted
against him, other than a prosecution for perjury in giving the evidence.
511. An oral or written statement or report made by an inspector or
any other person in an investigation under this Division shall have
absolute privilege.
Inquiries
512. (1) If the Registrar is satisfied that, for the purposes of Division
F of Part II or Division E of Part III, there is reason to inquire into the
ownership or control of a share or debenture of a company or any of its
affiliates, the Registrar may require any person that he reasonably
believes has or has had an interest in the share or debenture or acts or
has acted on behalf of a person with such an interest, to furnish to the
Registrar, or to any person the Registrar appoints
(a) information that the person has or can reasonably be
expected to obtain as to present and past interests in the share
or debenture; and
(b) the names and addresses of the persons so interested
and of any person who acts or has acted in relation to the
share or debenture on behalf of the person so interested.
In camera
hearing.
Incriminating
evidence.
Privilege
absolute.
Ownership
interest.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) For the purposes of subsection (1), a person shall have an
interest in a share or debenture, if
(a) he has a right to vote or to acquire or dispose of the share
or debenture or any interest therein; or
(b) his consent is necessary for the exercise of the rights or
privileges of any other person interested in the share or
debenture; or
(c) any other person interested in the share or debenture can
be required or is accustomed to exercise rights or privileges
attached to the share or debenture in accordance with his
instructions.
513. Nothing in this Division shall affect the privileges that exist in
respect of an attorney-at-law and his client.
514. The registrar may make of any person any inquiries that relate to
compliance with this Act by any persons.
DIVISION C
Regulations
515. The Minister may make such regulations as are required for the
better administration of this Act and, in particular, the Minister may
make regulations
(a) prescribing any matter required or authorised by this Act
to be prescribed, otherwise than by rules;
(b) requiring the payment of a fee in respect of the filing,
examination or copying of any documents or in respect of any
action that the Registrar is required or authorised to take
under this Act, and prescribing the amount thereof;
(c) prescribing forms for the purposes of this Act;
(d) respecting the preservation of registers, records or
documents and their destruction and the presumptions which
may or shall be made with respect to entries in registers;
(e) respecting the names of companies or classes thereof;
(f) respecting the authorised capital of companies;
Client
privileges.
Inquiries.
Regulations.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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323 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(g) respecting the preferences, rights, conditions, restric-
tions, limitations or prohibitions attaching to shares or classes
or series of shares of companies;
(h) respecting the designation of classes of shares; and
(i) respecting any other matter required for the efficient
administration of this Act.
DIVISION D
Offences and Penalties
516. A company that contravenes section 9 shall be guilty of an
offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of fifteen
thousand dollars.
517. Each of the individuals who carry on business under a name part
of which is incorporated or the abbreviation inc. shall be guilty of an
offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine of three
thousand dollars.
518. (1) A person who makes or assists in making a report, return,
notice or other document
(a) that is required by this Act or the regulations to be sent
to the Registrar or to any other person; and
(b) that
(i) contains an untrue statement of a material fact; or
(ii) omits to state a material fact required in the report,
return, notice or other document or necessary to make a
statement contained therein not misleading in the light of the
circumstances in which it was made,
shall be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction
to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars and to imprisonment for six months.
Name offence.
[6 of 1997]
Abuse of
corporate
status.
[6 of 1997]
Reports.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) A person shall not be guilty of an offence under subsection (1)
if the making of the untrue statement or the omission of the material fact
was unknown to him and with the exercise of reasonable diligence could
not have been known to him.
(3) When an offence under subsection (1) is committed by a body
corporate and a director or officer of that body corporate knowingly
authorised, permitted or acquiesced in the commission of the offence,
the director or officer shall also be guilty of the offence and liable on
summary conviction to a fine of fifteen thousand dollars and to
imprisonment for six months.
519. (1) This section shall commence on a date to be appointed by the
Minister by order published in the Gazette, which date shall not be earlier
than the date on which a stock exchange is established in Guyana.
(2) Any person, other than an exempted person, who offers to the
public for purchase shares in, or debentures of, a body corporate shall
be guilty of an offence and shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine
of fifteen thousand dollars.
(3) For the purposes of subsection (2), an exempted person
shall be
(a) a member of the stock exchange established in Guyana,
or of any stock exchange established in a country which is a
Member State of the Caribbean Community and designated
by the Minister;
(b) a person, firm, body corporate or institution designated
by the Minister as an institutional investor; or
(c) a person acting on behalf of any such member, person,
firm, body corporate or institution.
(4) The Minister may make an order
(a) appointing a date for the purposes of subsection (1);
(b) designating any stock exchange for the purposes of
subsection (3)(a); or
Prohibition
against offering
shares or
debentures to
the public.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
325 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(c) designating a person, firm, body corporate or institution
for the purposes of subsection (3)(b).
520. (1) A person shall be guilty of an offence and liable on summary
conviction to a fine of thirty thousand dollars and to imprisonment for six
months
(a) who without reasonable cause contravenes section 193;
(b) who without reasonable cause contravenes section 197;
(c) who wilfully contravenes sections 287, 294, 296 or 300;
(d) who without reasonable cause contravenes section
253(5);
(e) who wilfully contravenes section 146 or 147;
(f) who without reasonable cause fails to comply with a
requirement of the Registrar under section 512 to report to the
Registrar any information or any names or addresses of
persons sought by the Registrar under that section;
(g) who, being a proxy holder or alternate proxy holder, fails
without reasonable cause to comply with the directions of a
shareholder under section 149(1);
(h) who, being a registrant within the meaning of this Act,
knowingly contravenes section 150;
(i) who, being an auditor or former auditor of a company,
contravenes section 179(1) without reasonable cause; or
(j) who, being a director or officer of a company knowingly
contravenes section 183.
(2) Where the person who is guilty of an offence under
subsection (1) is a body corporate then, whether the body corporate has
been prosecuted or convicted, any director or officer of the body
corporate who knowingly authorised, permitted or acquiesced in the act
or omission that constituted the offence shall also be guilty of an offence
and liable on summary conviction to a fine of thirty thousand dollars and
to imprisonment for six months.
521. (1) A company shall be guilty of an offence and liable on
summary conviction to a fine of thirty thousand dollars, if
(a) the company contravenes sections 298, 299, 301 or 303;
Specific
offences.
[6 of 1997]
Company
offences.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the management of the company without reasonable
cause fails to comply with section 145(1); or
(c) the company without reasonable cause contravenes
section 155.
(2) When a company is guilty of an offence under this section,
any director or officer of the company who knowingly authorised,
acquiesced in or permitted the contravention shall also be guilty of an
offence and liable on summary conviction to a fine of thirty thousand
dollars and to imprisonment for six months.
522. Every person who, without reasonable cause contravenes, within
the meaning of section 532, a provision of this Act or the regulations shall
be guilty of an offence and, if no punishment is elsewhere in this Act
provided for that offence shall be liable on summary conviction to a fine
of thirty thousand dollars.
523. In a prosecution for an offence under this Act arising out of an
untrue statement or wilful non-disclosure in a prospectus, it shall be a
defence for the person charged to prove that the statement or non-
disclosure was immaterial or that he had reasonable grounds to believe
and did, up to the time of the issue of the prospectus, believe that the
statement was true or non-disclosure was immaterial.
524. When a person is convicted of an offence under this Act or the
regulations, the court or a court of summary jurisdiction in which
proceedings in respect of the offence are taken, may, in addition to any
punishment it may impose, order that person to comply with the provision
of this Act or the regulations for the contravention of which he has been
convicted.
525. A prosecution for an offence under this Act or the regulations
may be instituted at any time within two years from the time when the
subject matter of the prosecution arose.
526. No civil remedy for any act or omission shall be affected by
reason that the act or omission is an offence under this Act.
General
offence.
[6 of 1997]
Defence re
prospectuses.
Order to
comply.
Limitation.
Civil remedies
unaffected.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
327 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
DIVISION E
CONSTRUCTION AND INTERPRETATION OF ACT
Corporate Relationships
527. For the purposes of this Act
(a) one body corporate shall be affiliated with another body
corporate if one of them is the subsidiary of the other or both
are subsidiaries of the same body corporate or each of them
is controlled by the same person; and
(b) if two bodies corporate are affiliated with the same body
corporate at the same time, they are affiliated with each
other.
528. For the purposes of this Act, a body corporate shall be controlled
by a person if any shares of the body corporate carrying voting rights
sufficient to elect a majority of the directors of the body corporate are,
except by way of security only, held, directly or indirectly, by or on behalf
of that person.
529. For the purposes of this Act
(a) a body corporate shall be the holding body corporate of
another if that other body corporate is its subsidiary; and
(b) a body corporate shall be a subsidiary of another body
corporate if it is controlled by that other body corporate.
Public Distribution of Corporate Securities
530. (1) For the purposes of this Act
(a) a share or debenture of a body corporate shall be part of
a distribution to the public, when, in respect of the share or
debenture
Affiliated
bodies
corporate.
Control of
body corpo-
rate.
Holding and
subsidiary.
Distribution
to public.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(i) there has been, under the laws of Guyana or any
other jurisdiction, a filing of a prospectus, statement in lieu
of prospectus, registration statement, stock exchange, take-
over bid circular or similar instrument; or
(ii) the share or debenture is listed for trading on any
stock exchange wherever situated; and
(b) a share or debenture of a body corporate shall be
deemed to be part of a distribution to the public where the
share or debenture has been issued and a filing referred to in
paragraph (a)(i) would be required if the share or debenture
were being issued currently.
(2) For the purposes of this Act, the shares or debentures of a
company that are issued upon a conversion of other shares or
debentures of a company, or in exchange for other shares or debentures,
shall be part of a distribution to the public if any of those others were part
of a distribution to the public.
(3) For the purposes of this Act
(a) a statement shall be included in a prospectus or in a
statement in lieu of a prospectus if it is included in any report
or memorandum appearing on the face thereof or by
reference incorporated therein or issued therewith;
(b) a statement included in a prospectus or statement in lieu
of prospectus shall be deemed to be untrue if it is misleading
in the form and context in which it is included; and
(c) a reference to an offer or offering of shares or
debentures for subscription or purchase shall be deemed to
include an offer of shares or debentures by way of barter or
otherwise.
531. (1) Any reference in this Act to offering shares or debentures to
the public must include, unless the contrary intention appears, a
reference to offering them to any section of the public, whether selected
as clients of the person issuing the prospectus or in any other manner;
Offer to the
public.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
329 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
and references in this Act or in the articles of a company to invitations
to the public to subscribe for shares or debentures must, unless the
contrary intention appears, be similarly construed.
(2) Subsection (1) shall not require that any offer or invitation be
treated as being made to the public if the offer or invitation can properly
be regarded, in all the circumstances, as not being calculated to result,
directly or indirectly, in the shares or debentures becoming available for
subscription or purchase by persons other than those receiving the offer
or invitation, or otherwise as being a domestic concern of the persons
making and receiving the offer or invitation.
(3) A provision in the articles or by-laws of a company that
prohibits invitations to the public to subscribe for shares or debentures
shall not prohibit the making of an invitation to the shareholders,
debenture-holders or employees of the company.
Legislative Expression
532. (1) Where the auxiliary shall is used in a provision of this Act
(a) to require a person to do or refrain from doing some act,
matter or thing; or
(b) to require that some act, matter or thing be done or not
be done by some specific means, or manner, or in some
specific form or at or within some specific time,
the provision is imperative and default in complying with it constitutes a
contravention of this Act.
(2) Unless otherwise expressly provided, default in complying
with an imperative provision referred to in subsection (1) shall not
invalidate any act, matter or thing done in contravention of the provision
nor prevent the latter doing of that act, matter or thing in accordance with
the provision.
Shall, use of.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(3) Compliance with a provision referred to in subsection (1) shall
be enforceable in any court of competent jurisdiction notwithstanding
that the contravention of the provision is punishable or has been punished
pursuant to statute.
533. (1) The auxiliary may is permissive, empowering and enabling,
and when used in the negative form it negatives any permission, power
or capacity to do the act, matter or thing in respect of which the auxiliary
is used so that, unless the contrary is expressly provided, the act. matter
or thing shall be construed, so far as it can be done without allowing the
statute to be made an instrument of fraud, as not being capable of being
done in law. or in fact.
(2) When the exercise of a power is subject to any qualification
or condition, the power shall not be exercised unless the qualification or
condition is met or complied with.
(3) Unless otherwise expressly provided, the doing of any act,
matter or thing pursuant to a permission or power shall be within the sole
and absolute discretion of the person to whom the permission or power
is given..
534. (1) Where the auxiliary must is used in a provision of this Act
(a) to require a person to do or refrain from doing some act,
matter or thing;
(b) to require that an act, matter or thing be done or not be
done by some specific means, or manner, or in some specific
form, or at or within some specific time; or
(c) to prescribe a qualification or condition for some
purpose, office or status,
the provision shall impose a duty or obligation upon the person required
to comply with it.
May, use of.
Must, use of
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
331 Cap. 89:01
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(2) Default in complying with the duty or obligation referred to in
subsection (1) shall not constitute an offence under this Act unless the
default is made an offence by a provision of this Act expressly
mentioning the act, matter or thing or the duty or obligation or the
provision imposing the duty or obligation.
(3) Compliance with any duty or obligation shall be enforceable
in any court of competent jurisdiction.
(4) A person aggrieved by a breach of a duty or obligation
referred to in subsection (1) may recover, by action in the court, any
damages suffered by him as a direct result of the breach; but this
subsection shall not apply if the breach is an act or omission
(a) in the performance of a function of a legislative nature
or of a judicial nature; or
(b) in the performance in good faith of a ministerial function
by a Minister or employee of the State in the administration
of this Act.
(5) When a provision of this Act uses the auxiliary must to
prescribe any qualification or condition for some purpose, office or
status, the qualification or condition shall be mandatory and default in
complying with it, unless it is otherwise provided
(a) frustrates the purpose;
(b) vitiates the status;
(c) nullifies the appointment to the office; or
(d) vacates the tenure in the office,
to which the qualification or condition is attached, but without affecting
the operation of subsections (2) to (4).
Corporate and Other Expressions
535. In this Act,
affairs means, in relation to any company or other body corporate, the
relationship among the company or body corporate, its affiliates
Definition of
technical
words.
LAWS OF GUYANA
and the shareholders, directors and officers thereof, but shall not
include any businesses carried on by the companies or other bodies
corporate;
affiliate means an affiliated company or affiliated body corporate
within the meaning of section 527;
associate when used to indicate a relationship with any persons
means
(i) a company or body corporate of which that person
beneficially owns or controls, directly or indirectly, shares or
debentures convertible into shares, that carry more than
twenty per cent of the voting rights
(A) under all circumstances;
(B) by reason of the occurrence of an event that
has occurred and is continuing; or
(C) by reason of a currently exercisable option or
right to purchase those shares or those convertiblede-
bentures;
(ii) a partner of that person acting on behalf of the
partnership of which they are partners;
(iii) a trust in which that person has a substantial
beneficial interest or in respect of which he serves as a
trustee or in a similar capacity;
(iv) a spouse of that person;
(v) a child or adopted child of that person; and
(vi) relative of that person or of his spouse if that relative
has the same residence as that person;
auditor includes a partnership of auditors;
beneficial interest or beneficial ownership includes ownership
through a trustee, legal representative, agent or other intermediary;
body corporate includes a company within the meaning of section 2(1)
or other body corporate wherever or however incorporated;
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
333 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
corporate instruments includes any statute, letters patent,
memorandum of association, articles of association, certificate of
incorporation, certificate of continuance, by-laws, regulations or
other instrument by which a body corporate is incorporated or
continued or that governs or regulates the affairs of a body
corporate;
debenture includes debenture stock and any bond or other instrument
evidencing an obligation or guarantee, whether secured or not;
director, in relation to a body corporate means a person occupying
therein the position of a director by whatever title he is called, and
directors and board of directors include a single director;
external company means a company as defined in section 249(2);
group of companies means two or more bodies corporate one of which
is the holding company of the other or others;
incorporator means, in relation to a company, a person who signs the
articles of incorporation of the company;
legal representative, in relation to a company, shareholder, debenture-
holder or other person, means a person who stands in place of and
represents the company, shareholder, debenture-holder or person
and, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, includes, as the
circumstances require, a trustee, executor, administrator,
assignee, or receiver of the company, shareholder, debenture-
holder or person;
ordinary resolution means a resolution passed by a majority of the
votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of that
resolution;
record includes any register, book or other record that is required to
be kept by a company or other body corporate;
redeemable share means a share issued by a company
LAWS OF GUYANA
(i) that the company can purchase or redeem upon
demand of the company; or
(ii) that the company is required by its articles to
purchase or redeem at a specified time or upon the demand
of a shareholder;
resident means a person who is resident in Guyana within the
meaning of the Income Tax Act;
security interest means a security interest within the meaning of
section 95;
send includes deliver;
series, in relation to shares, means a division of a class of shares;
share includes stock;
shareholder, in relation to a company, includes
(i) a person who agrees to become a member of a
company and whose name is entered in the companys
register of members;
(ii) a subscriber to the articles of incorporation of a
company who is deemed for the purposes of paragraph (i)
to have agreed to become a member of the company and
whose name is entered in the companys register of
members;
(iii) the personal representative of a deceased
shareholder;
(iv) the trustee in bankruptcy of a bankrupt shareholder;
and
(v) a person in whose favour a transfer of shares has
been executed but whose name has not been entered in the
register of shareholders, or, if two or more transfers of those
shares have been executed, the person in whose favour the
most recent transfer has been made;
special resolution means a resolution
c. 81:01
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
335 Cap. 89:01
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(i) passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the
votes cast by the shareholders who voted in respect of the
resolution; or
(ii) signed by all the shareholders entitled to vote on the
resolution.
DIVISION F
MISCELLANEOUS AND CONSEQUENTIAL MATTERS
536. (1) This section shall apply to a statutory declaration referred to
in sections 38(2), 39(3), 40(3) or 54(2).
(2) A statutory declaration to which this section applies
(a) shall be in the form, and deposed to in the manner
prescribed;
(b) shall set out the declaration required by the relevant
section;
(c) shall give particulars of the transaction or matter in
relation to which the declaration is being made; and
(d) shall contain a statement to the effect that the deponents
are satisfied that, in all the circumstances of the case, the
declaration may be made.
(3) Where there is failure to comply with subsection (2) and it is
proved
(a) that the directors of a company made and lodged with
the Registrar a statutory declaration to which this section
applies;
(b) that within twelve months after the date on which the
declaration was so lodged the winding up of the company is
commenced; and
(c) that the debts of the company were not paid or provided
for in full within twelve months after the commencement of
the winding up,
Statutory
declaration
under certain
provisions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
it shall be presumed, until the contrary is proved, that the directors made
the declaration reckless as to whether it was true or false.
(4) A prosecution for an offence under subsection (2) shall be
commenced not later than three years after the date on which the
statutory declaration concerned was lodged with the Registrar.
(5) A shareholder or creditor of a company may apply to the
court for an order that a statutory declaration to which this section
applies, be declared void on the ground that the circumstances of the
particular case do not warrant the making of the declaration, and on the
application the court may make any order it deems fit.
(6) An application under subsection (5) shall be made not later
than one month after the date on which the statutory declaration
concerned was lodged with the Registrar.
537. (1) Subject to this Act, the provisions of the former Act shall
continue to apply so far as is necessary to enable a former-Act company
to function until it is continued under this Act or wound up under Part V
of this Act.
(2) Notwithstanding the repeal of the former Act the Companies
Winding Up Rules made under section 230 of the former Act, to the
extent to which they could be made under this Act, subject to the power
of the Minister to amend or repeal them, continue in force as if they were
made under this Act and shall be construed with any necessary
modifications and qualifications.
538. (1) A reference in an unrepealed written law to the former Act
shall, as regards a transaction, matter or thing subsequent to the
commencement of this Act, be construed and applied, unless the context
otherwise requires as a reference to the provisions of this Act that relate
to the same subject-matter as the provisions of the former Act; but if
there are no provisions in this Act that relate to the same subject-matter,
the former Act shall be construed and applied as unrepealed so far as
it is necessary to do so to maintain or give effect to the unrepealed
provision.
Saving.
[13 of 1995]
References to
Companies
Act.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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337 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) Subsection (1) shall not apply in respect of the enactments
specifically amended by this Act.
539. (1) Where in any written law the expression registered under
the Companies Act occurs, the expression, unless the context
otherwise requires, shall refer to incorporation, continuation or
registration under this Act in respect of all transactions, matters or things
subsequent to the commencement of this Act.
(2) Where in any other written law the expression
memorandum of association or articles of association occurs, those
expressions, unless the context otherwise requires, shall refer
respectively to articles of incorporation and by-laws within the meaning
of this Act.
(3) Where in any written law a reference is made to winding up
under, or to the winding up provisions of, the former Act, then, unless the
context otherwise requires, it shall refer, in respect of all transactions,
matters or things subsequent to the commencement of this Act, to
winding up or dissolution under this act.
(4) This section shall not apply in respect of the enactments
specifically amended by this Act.
540. (1) Notwithstanding section 537, when, on the commencement
of this Act any proceedings under Part IV of the former Act are pending
in respect of the winding-up of any body corporate under that Act, those
proceedings may be continued under that Part in all respects as if this
Act had not been enacted.
(2) When, on the commencement of this Act, an amalgamation
agreement entered into under the former Act and approved by the court
under that Act is in the course of being filed with the Registrar of
Companies or is in his hands, the amalgamation may be continued and
effected under that Act as if this Act had not been enacted, unless the
parties to the amalgamation withdraw the amalgamation agreement by
notice in writing.
Transitional.
Repeal effect.
LAWS OF GUYANA
FIRST SCHEDULE
MATTERS TO BE SPECIFIED IN PROSPECTUS
AND REPORTS TO BE SET OUT THEREIN
PART I
MATTERS TO BE SPECIFIED
1. The number of founders or management or deferred shares, if
any, and the nature and extent of the interest of the holders in the
property and profits of the company.
2. The number of shares, if any, fixed by the by-laws as the
qualification of a director, and any provision in the articles as to the
remuneration of the directors.
3. The names, descriptions and addresses of the directors or
proposed directors.
4. Where shares are offered to the public for subscription,
particulars as to
(a) the minimum amount which, in the opinion of the
directors, must be raised by the issue of those shares in order
to provide the sums, or, if any part thereof is to be defrayed
in any other manner, the balance of the sums, required to be
provided in respect of each of the following matters
(i) the cost of any property acquired or to be acquired
which is to be defrayed in whole or in part out of the
proceeds of the issue;
(ii) any preliminary expenses payable by the company,
and any commission so payable to any person in
consideration of his agreeing to subscribe for, or of his
procuring or agreeing to procure subscriptions for, any
shares in the company;
(iii) the repayment of any moneys borrowed by the
company in respect of any of the foregoing matters;
s. 288
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(iv) working capital; and
(b) the amounts to be provided in respect of the matters
aforesaid otherwise than out of the proceeds of the issue and
the sources out of which those amounts are to be provided.
5. The time of the opening of the subscription lists.
6. The amount payable on application and allotment of each share,
and, in the case of a second or subsequent offer of shares, the amount
offered for subscription on each previous allotment made within two
preceding years, the amount actually allotted, and the amount, if any,
paid on the shares so allotted.
7. The number, description and amount of any shares in or
debentures of the company which any person has, or is entitled to be
given, an option to subscribe for, together with the following particulars
of the option, that is to say
(a) the period during which it is exercisable;
(b) the price to be paid for shares or debentures subscribed
for under it;
(c) the consideration (if any) given or to be given for it or for
the right to it;
(d) the names and addresses of the persons to whom it or the
right to it was given or, if given to existing shareholders or
debenture-holders as such, the relevant shares or debentures.
8. The number and amount of shares and debentures which within
the two preceding years have been issued, or agreed to be issued, as fully
or partly paid up otherwise than in cash, and in the latter case the extent
to which they are so paid up, and in either case the consideration for
which those shares or debentures have been issued or are proposed or
intended to be issued.
9. (1) As respects any property to which this paragraph applies
(a) the names and addresses of the vendors;
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(b) the amount payable in cash, shares or debentures to the
vendor and, where there is more than one separate vendor, or
the company is a sub-purchaser, the amount so payable to
each vendor;
(c) short particulars of any transaction relating to the
property completed within the two preceding years in which
any vendor of the property to the company or any person who
is, or was at the time of the transaction, a promoter or a
director or proposed director of the company had any interest
direct or indirect.
(2) The property to which this paragraph applies is property
purchased or acquired by the company or proposed to be purchased or
acquired, which is to be paid for wholly or partly out of the proceeds of
the issue offered for subscription by the prospectus or the purchase of
the property, other than property
(a) the contract for the purchase or acquisition whereof was
entered into in the ordinary course of the companys business
the contract not being made in contemplation of the issue nor
the issue in consequence of the contract; or
(b) as respects which the amount of the purchase money is
not material.
10. The amount, if any, paid or payable as purchase money in cash,
shares or debentures for any property to which paragraph 9 applies,
specifying the amount, if any, payable for goodwill.
11. The amount, if any, paid within the two preceding years, or
payable, as commission (but not including commission to sub-
underwriters) for subscribing or agreeing to subscribe, or procuring or
agreeing to procure subscriptions, for any shares in or debentures of the
company, or the rate of any such commission.
12. The amount or estimated amount of preliminary expenses.
13. Any amount or benefit paid or given within the two preceding
years or intended to be paid or given to any promoter, and the
consideration for the payment or the giving of the benefit.
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L.R.O. 3/1998
14. The dates of, parties to, and general nature of every material
contract, not being a contract entered into in the ordinary course of the
business carried on or intended to be carried on by the company or a
contract entered into more than two years before the date of issue of the
prospectus, and a reasonable time and place at which any such material
contract or a copy thereof may be inspected.
15. The names and addresses of the auditors, if any, of the company.
16. Full particulars of the nature and extent of the interest, if any, of
every director in the promotion of, or in the property proposed to be
acquired by, the company, or, where the interest of such a director
consists in being a partner in a firm, the nature and extent of the interests
of the firm, with a statement of all sums paid or agreed to be paid to him
or to the firm in cash or shares or otherwise by any person either to
induce him to become, or to qualify him as, a director, or otherwise, for
services rendered by him or by the firm in connection with the promotion
or formation of the company.
17. If the prospectus invites the public to subscribe for shares in the
company and the share capital of the company is divided into different
classes of shares, the right of voting at meetings of the company
conferred by, and the rights in respect of capital and dividends attached
to, the several classes of shares respectively.
18. In case of a company which has been carrying on business, or of
a business which has been carried on for less than three years, the length
of time during which the business of the company or the business to be
acquired, as the case may be, has been carried on.
PART II
REPORTS TO BE SET OUT
19. (1) A report by the auditors of the company with respect to
(a) profits and losses and assets and liabilities, in
accordance with sub-paragraph (2) or (3) as the case
requires;
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(b) the rates of the dividends, if any, paid by the company in
respect of each class of shares in the company in respect of
each of the three financial years immediately preceding the
issue of the prospectus, giving particulars of each such class
of shares on which such dividends have been paid in respect
of any class of shares in respect of any of those years,
and, if no accounts have been made up in respect of any part of the period
of three years ending on the date three months before the issue of the
prospectus, containing a statement of the fact.
(2) If the company has no subsidiaries, the report shall
(a) so far as regards profits and losses, deal with the profits
or losses of the company in respect of each of the three
financial years immediately preceding the issue of the
prospectus; and
(b) so far as regards assets and liabilities deal with the assets
and liabilities of the company at the last date to which the
accounts of the company were made up.
(3) If the company has subsidiaries, the report shall
(a) so far as regards profits and losses, deal separately with
the companys profits or losses as provided by sub-paragraph
(2) and in addition, deal either
(i) as a whole with the combined profits or losses, of its
subsidiaries, so far as they concern members of the
company; or
(ii) individually with the profits or losses of each
subsidiary so far as they concern members of the company,
or, instead of dealing separately with the companys profits
or losses, deal as a whole with the profits or losses of the
company and, so far as they concern members of the
company with the combined profits or losses of its
subsidiaries; and
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343 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(b) so far as regards assets and liabilities, deal separately
with the companys assets and liabilities as provided by sub-
paragraph (2) and, in addition, deal either
(i) as a whole with the combined assets and liabilities of
its subsidiaries, with or without the companys assets and
liabilities; or
(ii) individually with the assets and liabilities of each
subsidiary,
and shall indicate as respects the assets and liabilities of the subsidiaries
the allowance to be made for persons other than members of the
company.
20. If the proceeds, or any part of the proceeds, of the issue of the
shares or debentures are or is to be applied directly or indirectly in the
purchase of any business, a report made by accountants (who shall be
named in the prospectus) upon
(a) the profits or losses of the business in respect of each of
the three financial years immediately preceding the issue of
the prospectus; and
(b) the assets and liabilities of the business at the last date
to which the accounts of the business were made up.
21. (1) If
(a) the proceeds, or any part of the proceeds, of the issue of
the shares or debentures are or is to be applied directly or
indirectly in any manner resulting in the acquisition by the
company of shares in any other body corporate; and
(b) by reason of that acquisition or anything to be done in
consequence thereof or in connection therewith that body
corporate will become a subsidiary of the company,
a report made by accountants (who shall be named in the prospectus)
upon
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(c) the profits or losses of the other body corporate in
respect of each of the three financial years immediately
preceding the issue of the prospectus; and
(d) the assets and liabilities of the other body corporate at
the last date to which the accounts of the body corporate were
made up.
(2) The said report shall
(a) indicate how the profits or losses of the other body
corporate dealt with by the report would, in respect of the
shares to be acquired, have concerned members of the
company and what allowance would have fallen to be made,
in relation to assets and liabilities so dealt with, for holders of
other shares, if the company had at all material times held the
shares to be acquired; and
(b) where the other body corporate has subsidiaries, deal
with the profits or losses and the assets and liabilities of the
body corporate and its subsidiaries in the manner provided by
subparagraph (3) of paragraph 19 in relation to the company
and its subsidiaries.
PART III
PROVISIONS APPLYING TO PARTS I AND II OF THIS SCHEDULE.
22. The provisions of this Schedule with respect to the qualification,
remuneration and interest of directors, the names, descriptions and
addresses of directors or proposed directors, and the amount or
estimated amount of the preliminary expenses, shall not apply in the case
of a prospectus issued more than two years after the date on which the
company is registered.
23. Every person shall, for the purposes of this Schedule, be deemed
to be a vendor who has entered into contract, absolute or conditional, for
the sale or purchase, or for any option of purchase, of any property to
be acquired by the company, in any case where
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
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(a) the purchase money is not fully paid at the date of the
issue of the prospectus;
(b) the purchase money is to be paid or satisfied wholly or
in part out of the proceeds of the issue offered for subscription
by the prospectus;
(c) the contract depends for its validity or fulfilment on the
result of that issue.
24. Where any property to be acquired by the company is to be taken
on lease, this Schedule shall have effect as if the expression vendor
included the lessor, and the expression purchase money included the
consideration for the lease, and the expression sub-purchaser
included a sub-lessee.
25. Reference in paragraph 7 to subscribing for shares or debentures
shall include acquiring them from a person to whom they have been
allotted or agreed to be allotted with a view to his offering them for sale.
26. For the purposes of paragraph 9 where the vendors or any of
them are a firm, the members of the firm shall be treated as separate
vendors.
27. If in the case of a company which has been carrying on business,
or of a business which has been carried on, for less than three years, the
accounts of the company or business have only been made up in respect
of two years or one year, Part II shall have effect as if references to two
years or one year, as the case may be, were substituted for references
to three years.
28. The expression financial year in Part II means the year in
respect of which the accounts of the company or of the business, as the
case may be, are made up, and where by reason of any alteration of the
date on which the financial year of the company or business have been
made up for a period greater or less than a year, that greater or less
period shall for the purpose of the said Part be deemed to be a financial
year.
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29. Any report required by Part II shall either indicate by way of note
any adjustments as respects the figures of any profits or losses or assets
and liabilities dealt with by the report which appear to the persons making
the report necessary or shall make those adjustments and indicate that
adjustments have been made.
30. Any report by accountants required by Part II shall be made by
accountants qualified under this Act for appointment as auditors of a
company and shall not be made by any accountant who is an officer or
employee, or a person who is a partner of or in the employment of an
officer or employee of the company; and for the purposes of this
paragraph the expression officer shall include a proposed director but
not an auditor.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
347 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
The Share Capital of the Company Divided into ......
Amount (if any) of above capital which consists of
redeemable shares.
The date on or before which these shares are, or are
liable, to be redeemed.
Names, descriptions and addresses of directors or
proposed directors.
If the share capital of the company is divided into
different classes of shares, the right of voting
at meetings of the company conferred by, and
the right in respect of capital and dividend
attached to, the several classes of shares,
respectively.
Number of shares and debentures issued within the
two years preceding the date of this statement
or proposed or agreed to be issued otherwise
than in cash.
The consideration for the issue or intended issue of
those shares and debentures.
SECOND SCHEDULE
STATEMENT IN LIEU OF PROSPECTUS
PART I
STATEMENT IN LIEU OF PROSPECTUS LODGED FOR REGISTRATION BY
[Insert the name of the company.]
Shares
Shares
Shares
Shares
1. Shares
2. Debentures
3. Consideration
s. 304
LAWS OF GUYANA
Number and description of any shares or
debentures which any person has or is
entitled to be given an option to subscribe
for, or to acquire from a person to whom
they have been allotted or agreed to be
allotted with a view to his offering them
for sale.
Period during which option is exercisable.
Minimum price to be paid for shares or
debentures subscribed for or acquired
under option.
Consideration for option or right to option.
Persons to whom option or right to option was
given or, if given to existing shareholders
or debenture holders as such, the relevant
shares or debentures.
Names and addresses of vendors of property
purchased or acquired, or proposed to be
purchased or acquired by the company
except where the contract for its
purchase or acquisition was entered into
in the ordinary course of the business
intended to be carried on by the company
or the amount of purchase money is not
material.
Amount (in cash, shares, or debentures)
payable to each separate vendor.
Amount (if any) paid or payable (in cash or
shares or debentures) for any such
property, specifying amount (if any) paid
or payable for goodwill.
1. Shares and
debentures
2. Until
3. $
4. Consideration.
5. Names and
addresses
Total purchase
price $
Cash $
Shares $
Debentures $
Goodwill $
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
349 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
Short particulars of any transaction relating to
any such property which was compiled
within the two preceding years and in
which any vendor to the company or any
person who is, or was at the time thereof,
a promoter, director, or proposed director
of the company had any interest direct or
indirect.
Amount (if any) paid or payable as
commission for subscribing or agreeing
to subscribe or procuring or agreeing to
procure subscriptions for any shares or
debentures in the company; or
Rate of the Commission
Amount or rate of brokerage
The number of shares, if any, which persons
have agreed for a commission to
subscribe absolutely.
Amount or estimated amount of preliminary
expenses.
By whom those expenses have been paid or
are payable
Amount paid or intended to be paid to any
promoter.
Consideration for the payment
Any other benefit given or intended to be given
to any promoter.
Amount paid: $
Amount payable: $
Per cent
$
Name of promoter:
Amount: $
Consideration:
Name of promoter:
Nature and value of
benefit:
LAWS OF GUYANA
Consideration for giving of benefit
Dates of, parties to, and general nature of
every material contract (other than
contracts entered into in the ordinary
course of the business intended to be
carried on by the company or entered into
more than two years before the delivery
of this statement).
Time and place at which the contracts or
copies thereof or (1) in the case of a
contract not reduced into writing a
memorandum giving full particulars
thereof, and (2) in the case of a contract
wholly or partly in a foreign language, a
copy of a translation in English or
embodying a translation in English of the
parts in a foreign language, as the case
may be, being a translation certified in the
prescribed manner to be a correct
translation may be inspected.
Names and addresses of the auditors of the
company (if any).
Full particulars of the nature and extent of the
interest of every director, and of every
expert, in the promotion of or in the
property proposed to be acquired by the
company, or, where the interest of such a
director or expert consists in being a
partner in a firm, the nature and extent of
the interest of the firm with a statement of
all sums paid or agreed to be paid to him
or to the firm in cash or shares, or
otherwise, by any person (in the case of
a director) either to induce him to
become, or to qualify him as, a director, or
Consideration:
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Companies
351 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
PART II
REPORTS TO BE SET OUT
1. Where it is proposed to acquire a business, a report by
accountants (who shall be named in the statement) with respect to
(a) the profits or losses of the business in respect of each of
the five financial years immediately preceding the lodging of
the statement with the Registrar; and
(b) the assets and liabilities of the business at the last date to
which the accounts of the business were made up.
2. (1) Where it is proposed to acquire shares in a body corporate
which by reason of the acquisition or anything to be done in consequence
thereof or in connection therewith will become a subsidiary of the
company, a report by accountants (who shall be named in the statement)
with respect to the profits and losses and assets and liabilities of the other
body corporate in accordance with subparagraph (2) or (3), as the case
requires, indicating how the profits or losses of the other body corporate
dealt with by the report would, in respect of the shares to be acquired,
have concerned members of the company, and what allowance would
have fallen to be made, in relation to assets and liabilities so dealt with,
for holders of other shares, if the company had at all material times held
the shares to be acquired.
(2) If the other body corporate has no subsidiaries, the report
referred to in subparagraph (1) shall
otherwise for service rendered by him
or by the firm in connection with the
promotion or formation of the company
or (in the case of an expert) for services
rendered by him or the firm in connection
with the promotion or formation of the
company.
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(a) so far as regards profits and losses, deal with the profits
or losses of the other body corporate in respect of each of the
five financial years immediately preceding the delivery of the
statement to the Registrar; and
(b) so far as regards assets and liabilities, deal with the
assets and liabilities of the other body corporate at the last
date to which the accounts of the body corporate were made
up.
(3) If the other body corporate has subsidiaries, the report
referred to in subparagraph (1) shall
(a) so far as regards profits and losses, deal separately with
the profits or losses of the other body corporate as provided
by subparagraph (2), and in addition deal as aforesaid
either
(i) as a whole with the combined profits or losses of its
subsidiaries, or
(ii) individually with the profits or losses of each
subsidiary,
or instead of dealing separately with the profits or losses of the other
body corporate, deal as aforesaid as a whole with the profits or losses
of the other body corporate and with the combined profits or losses of
its subsidiaries; and
(b) so far as regards assets and liabilities, deal separately
with the assets and liabilities of the other body corporate, as
provided by subparagraph (2), and, in addition, deal as
aforesaid either
(i) as a whole with the combined assets and liabilities of
its subsidiaries, with or without the assets and liabilities of
the other body corporate; or
(ii) individually with the assets and liabilities of each
subsidiary,
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
353 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
and shall indicate as respects the profits or losses and the assets and
liabilities of the subsidiaries the allowance to be made for persons other
than members of the company.
NOTE: Where a company is not required to furnish any of the reports
referred to in this Part, a statement to that effect giving the
reasons therefor should be furnished.
(Signatures of the person above named as directors or proposed
directors or of their agents authorised in writing)
Date:
PART III
PROVISIONS APPLYING TO PARTS I AND II OF THIS SCHEDULE
3. In this Schedule the expression vendor includes any person
who is a vendor for the purpose of the First Schedule, and the expression
financial year has the meaning assigned to it in Part III of that
Schedule.
4. If in the case of a business which has been carried on or of a body
corporate which has been carrying on business, for less than five years,
the accounts of the business or body corporate have only been made up
in respect of four years, three years, two years, or one year, Part II of
this Schedule shall have effect as if references to four years, three years,
two years or one year, as the case may be, were substituted for
references to five years.
5. Any report required by Part II of this Schedule shall either
indicate by way of note any adjustments as respects the figures of any
profits or losses or assets and liabilities dealt with by the report which
appear to the persons making the report necessary or shall make those
adjustments and indicate that adjustments have been made.
LAWS OF GUYANA
THIRD SCHEDULE
BY-LAWS
1. The company may exercise the power under section 49 of the
Act of paying commission.
2. When a share certificate or debenture is lost, destroyed or
defaced it may be renewed on payment of a fee of thirty dollars and on
such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and the payment of the
expenses of the company of investigating evidence as the directors think
fit.
3. (1) The company shall have a first and paramount lien on every
share (not being a fully paid share) for all moneys (whether presently due
or not) payable in respect of that share, and the company shall also have
a first and paramount lien on all shares (other than fully paid shares)
standing registered in the name of a single person for all moneys
presently payable by him or his estate to the company, but the directors
may at any time declare any share to be wholly or in part exempt from
the provisions of this paragraph; the companys lien, if any, on a share
shall extend to all dividends payable thereon.
(2) The company may sell, in such manner as the directors think
fit, any shares on which the company has a lien, but no sale shall be made
unless a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, nor
until the expiration of fourteen days after a notice in writing, stating and
demanding payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the
lien exists as is presently payable, has been given to the registered holder
for the time being of the share, or the person entitled thereto by reason
of his death or bankruptcy.
(3) To give effect to any such sale the directors may authorise
some person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser thereof; the
purchaser shall be registered as the holder of the shares comprised in
any such transfer, and he shall not be bound to see to the application of
the purchase money, nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any
irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the sale.
s. 62
Commission.
Lost share
certificates,
etc.
[6 of 1997]
Lien.
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Companies
355 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) The proceeds of the sale shall be received by the company
and applied in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which
the lien exists as is presently payable, and the residue, if any, shall
(subject to a like lien for sums not presently payable as existed upon the
shares before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the shares at the
date of the sale.
(5) For the purposes of this paragraph, a share is not a fully paid
share if any instalment of the issue price remains to be paid.
4. The directors may, if they think fit, receive from any person
willing to advance the same, all or any part of the moneys not yet due
upon any shares or debentures held by him, and upon all or any of the
moneys so advanced may (until the same would, but for such advance,
become payable) pay interest at such rate not exceeding (unless the
company in general meeting shall otherwise direct) five per cent per
annum, as may be agreed upon between the directors and the person
paying that sum in advance.
5. (1) An instrument of transfer of shares or debentures shall name
the transferee, shall state the number or principal amount of the shares
or debentures transferred, and shall be signed by the transferor. As
regards the company the transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder
of the shares or debentures until the name of the transferee is entered
in the register of members or debenture-holders except so far as the Act
otherwise provides or the court otherwise orders.
(2) The directors may decline to register
(a) the transfer of a share (not being a fully paid share) to
a person of whom they shall not approve;
(b) the transfer of a share on which the company has a lien;
or
(c) the transfer of a share to a person who is an infant or who
is of unsound mind and has been so found by a court in
Guyana.
(3) The directors may decline to recognise any instrument of
transfer of shares or debentures unless
Payment of
issue price.
Transfer of
shares or
debentures.
[6 of 1997]
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) a fee of thirty dollars, or such lesser sum as the directors
may from time to time require, is paid to the company in
respect thereof;
(b) the instrument of transfer is accompanied by the
certificate of the shares or debentures to which it relates, and
such other evidence as the directors may reasonably require
to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; and
(c) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class
of shares or debentures.
(4) The registration of transfers may be suspended at such times
and for such periods as the directors may from time to time determine
provided that such registration shall not be suspended for more than
thirty days in any year.
(5) The company shall be entitled to charge a fee not exceeding
thirty dollars on the registration of every probate, letters of
administration, certificate of appointment of a trustee in bankruptcy,
power of attorney, notice of interest, charging order, or other instrument.
6. (1) In case of the death of a member or debenture-holder the
survivor or survivors where the deceased was a joint holder, and the
legal personal representative of the deceased where he was a sole
holder, shall be the only person recognised by the company as having any
title to his shares or debentures; but nothing herein contained shall
release the estate of a deceased joint holder from any liability in respect
of any share which had been jointly held by him with other persons.
(2) Any person becoming entitled to shares or debentures in
consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a member or debenture-
holder may, upon such evidence being produced as may from time to
time properly be required by the directors and subject as hereinafter
provided, elect either to be registered himself as holder of the shares or
debentures or to have some person nominated by him registered as the
transferee thereof, but the directors shall, in either case, have the same
right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case
of a transfer of the shares or debentures by that member or debenture-
holder before his death or bankruptcy, as the case may be.
Transmission
of shares and
debentures.
LAWS OF GUYANA
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L.R.O. 3/1998
(3) A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death
or bankruptcy of the holder shall be entitled to the same dividends and
other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered
holder of the share except that he shall not, before being registered as
a member in respect of the share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise
any right conferred by membership in relation to meetings of the
company; but the directors may at any time give notice requiring any
such person to elect either to be registered himself or to transfer the
share, and, if the notice is not complied with within ninety days the
directors may thereafter withhold payment of all dividends, bonuses or
other moneys payable in respect of the share until the requirements of
the notice have been complied with.
7. (1) If a shareholder fails to pay any instalment of the issue price
of a share on the day appointed for payment thereof, the directors may,
at any time thereafter during such time as any part of the instalment
remains unpaid, exercise the powers to forfeit and reissue the share and
to recover the unpaid instalment conferred on the company by section
29(2) and (3) of the Act.
(2) A statutory declaration in writing that the declarant is a
director or the secretary of the company and that a share in the company
has been duly forfeited on a date stated in the declaration, shall be
conclusive evidence of the facts therein stated as against all persons
claiming to be entitled to the share; the company may receive the
consideration (if any) given for the share on the reissue thereof and may,
issue a share certificate to the person to whom the share is reissued, and
he shall thereupon be registered as the holder of the share and shall not
be bound to see the application of the consideration (if any) nor shall his
title to the share be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the
proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the share.
8. The accidental omission to give notice of a meeting to, or the non-
receipt of notice of a meeting by, any person entitled to receive notice
shall not invalidate the proceedings at that meeting.
9. (1) In accordance with sections 142 and 149 of the Act any
member entitled to attend and vote at a meeting of the company shall be
entitled to appoint another person, whether a member of the company
Forfeiture of
shares.
Omission to
give notice of
meeting.
Proxies.
LAWS OF GUYANA
or not, as his proxy to attend and vote instead of him and the proxy shall,
subject to that section, have the same rights as the member to speak at
the meeting.
(2) An instrument appointing a proxy, shall be in the following
form or a form as near thereto as circumstances admit:
Incorporated
I/We of, , in
the county of ,being a member, members
of the above-named company hereby appoint
of , or failing him,
of , as my/our proxy to vote
for me/us on my/our behalf at the annual OR extraordinary (as the case
may be) general meeting of the company to be held on
day of 19 , and at any adjournment thereof.
Signed this day of 19
10. (1) The Chairman, if any, of the board of directors shall preside
as chairman at every general meeting of the company, or if there is no
such chairman, or if he is not present within fifteen minutes after the time
appointed for the holding of the meeting or is unwilling to act the directors
present shall elect one of their number to be chairman of the meeting.
(2) If at any meeting no director is willing to act as chairman or
if no director is present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed
for the holding of the meeting, the members present shall choose one of
their number to be chairman of the meeting.
(3) The chairman may, with the consent of any meeting at which
a quorum is present, (and shall if so directed by the meeting), adjourn the
meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall
be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left
unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place; when
a meeting is adjourned for eight days or more, notice of the adjourned
meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting but in any
other case it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment
or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned meeting.
Chairman of
meetings.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
359 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
11. Postal voting is permitted at meetings and section 133 of the Act
shall apply accordingly.
12. Where, at any time the shares of the company are divided into
different classes, paragraphs 8 to 11 and the provisions of this Act
relating to general meetings shall apply to meetings of any class of
members in like manner as they apply to general meetings.
13. Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to
any class of shares and which may be validly attached thereto pursuant
to this Act
(a) on a show of hands each member and each proxy
lawfully present at the meeting shall have one vote, and on a
poll each member present in person or by proxy shall have one
vote for each share held by him
(b) in the case of postal voting each person entitled to attend
and vote at the meeting shall have one vote for each share
held by him.
14. The remuneration payable to any director shall be determined or
approved by the members in general meeting.
15. (1) The directors may pay all expenses incurred in promoting and
registering the company.
(2) The directors may exercise all such powers of the company,
including power to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its property
and undertaking or any part thereof and to issue debentures, as are not
by this Act or these by-laws required to be exercised by the members
in general meeting.
(3) Subject to compliance with section 90 of the Act, a director
may enter into any contract with the company and the contract or any
other contract of the company in which a director is in any way
interested shall not be liable to be avoided nor shall a director be liable
to account for any profit made thereby by reason of the director holding
the office of director or of the fiduciary relationship thereby established.
Postal voting.
Classes of
shares.
Voting of
members.
Remuneration
of directors.
Powers and
duties of
directors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(4) A director may act by himself or his firm in a professional
capacity for the company, except as auditor, and he and his firm shall be
entitled to proper remuneration for professional services as if he were
not a director.
16. (1) The directors may meet together for the despatch of
business, adjourn, and otherwise regulate their meetings, as they think
fit.
(2) Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a
majority of votes and in case of an equality of votes, the chairman shall
have a second or casting vote.
(3) A director may, and the secretary on the requisition of a
director shall, at any time summon a meeting of the directors.
(4) It shall not be necessary to give notice of a meeting of
directors to any director for the time being absent from Guyana.
(5) The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of
the directors may be fixed by the directors and, unless so fixed, shall be
two.
(6) The continuing directors may act notwithstanding any
vacancy in their body, but, if and so long as their number is reduced below
the number fixed by or pursuant to these by-laws as the necessary
quorum of directors, the continuing directors or director may act for the
purpose of increasing the number of directors to that number, or of
summoning a general meeting of the company, but for no other purpose.
(7) The directors may elect a chairman of their meetings and
determine the period for which he is to hold office; but if no such
chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present
within five minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the
directors present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the
meeting.
Proceedings of
directors.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
361 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(8) The directors may delegate any of their powers to
committees consisting of such member or members of their body as they
think fit; any committee so formed shall, in the exercise of the powers
so delegated, conform to any regulations that may be imposed on it by
the directors.
(9) A committee may elect a chairman of its meetings; if no such
chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the chairman is not present
within five minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the
members present may choose one of their number to be chairman of the
meeting.
(10) A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper.
Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of
votes of the members present, and, in the case of an equality of votes,
the chairman shall have a second or casting vote.
(11) All acts done by any meeting of the directors or of a
committee of directors or by any person acting as a director shall,
notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some
defect in the appointment of any such director or person acting as
aforesaid, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as
if every such person had been duly appointed and was qualified to be a
director.
(12) A resolution in writing, signed by all the directors for the time
being entitled to receive notice of a meeting of the directors, shall be as
valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the directors
duly convened and held.
17. (1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the directors may from
time to time appoint one or more of their body to the office of managing
director for such period and on such terms as they think fit, and, subject
to the terms of any agreement entered into in any particular case, may
revoke such appointment. A managing directors appointment shall be
automatically determined if he ceases for any cause to be a director.
Managing
director.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) The directors may entrust to and confer upon a managing
director any of the powers exercisable by them upon such terms and
conditions and with such restrictions as they may think fit, and may from
time to time, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of such powers.
18. The secretary or joint secretaries shall be appointed by the
directors for such term, at such remuneration and upon such other
conditions as they may think fit; and the appointment of any secretary
may be terminated by them.
19. The directors shall provide for the safe custody of the seal, which
shall only be used by the authority of the directors or of a committee of
the directors authorised by the directors in that behalf; and every
instrument to which the seal shall be affixed shall be signed by a director
and shall be countersigned by the secretary or by a second director or
by some other person appointed by the directors for the purpose.
20. (1) The company may by ordinary resolution declare dividends in
respect of any year or other period but no dividend shall exceed the
amount recommended by the directors.
(2) The directors may from time to time pay to the members such
interim dividends as appear to the directors to be justified by the profits
of the company.
(3) The right to declare or pay a dividend is subject to section
50(6) of the Act.
21. The directors may, before recommending any dividends, set
aside out of the profits or income surplus of the company such sums as
they think proper in order to provide for a known liability, including a
disputed or contingent liability, or as a depreciation or replacement
provision and may carry forward any profits or income surplus which
they may think prudent not to distribute.
22. (1) Subject to section 50(4) of the Act, all dividends shall be
declared and paid as a fixed sum per share and not as a proportion of the
amount paid in respect of a share.
Secretary.
Seal.
Dividend.
Power to set
aside sums.
Form of
dividend.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
363 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) The directors may deduct from a dividend payable to a
shareholder all sums of money presently payable by the shareholder to
the company in respect of his shares.
23. (1) Any dividend payable in cash may be paid by cheque or
warrant sent by post to the registered address of the shareholder or, in
the case of joint holders to that one who is first named on the register of
members, or to such person and to such address as the holder or joint
holders may in writing direct.
(2) Every such cheque shall be made payable to the order of the
person to whom it is sent.
(3) Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual
receipts for any dividends.
(4) Every dividend payment shall be accompanied by a statement
showing the gross amount of the dividend, and any tax deducted or
deemed to be deducted therefrom.
(5) No dividend shall bear interest against the company.
24. The company, upon the recommendation of the directors may
exercise the powers conferred
(a) by section 50(4) of the Act to direct that payment of a
dividend shall be wholly or partly by distribution or fully paid
up shares in another body corporate;
(b) by section 50(6) of the Act to resolve to make a
capitalisation issue of shares; or
(c) by section 52(2) of the Act to resolve to issue shares by
way of bonus,
and the directors shall do all acts and things required to give effect to the
direction or resolution.
25. (1) The directors may from time to time appoint officers and
agents and may appoint any body corporate, firm or body of persons,
whether nominated directly or indirectly, by the directors, to be the
Payment of
dividend.
Non-cash
dividends and
bonus issues.
Officers and
agents.
LAWS OF GUYANA
attorneys of the company for such purposes and with such powers,
authorities and discretions, not exceeding those vested in or exercisable
by the directors under these by-laws, and for such period and subject to
such conditions as they may think fit.
(2) Any such powers of attorney may contain such provisions for
the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such
attorney as the directors may think fit and may also authorise any such
attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions
vested in him.
26. (1) A notice may be given by the company to any member,
shareholder or debenture-holder either personally or by sending it by
post to him or to his registered address, or, if he has no registered address
within Guyana, to the address (if any) within Guyana supplied by him to
the company for the giving of notice to him; where a notice is sent by
post, service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly
addressing, pre-paying, and posting a letter containing the notice, and to
have been effected in the case of a notice of a meeting at the expiration
of twenty-four hours after the letter containing the same is posted, and
in any other case at the time at which the letter would be delivered in the
ordinary course of post.
(2) A notice may be given by the company to the joint holders of
a share or debenture by giving the notice to the joint holder first named
in the register of members or debenture-holders in respect of the share
or debenture.
(3) A notice may be given by the company to the persons entitled
to a share or debenture in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a
member or debenture-holder by sending it through the post in a prepaid
letter addressed to them by name, or by the title of the representatives
of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description, at
the address (if any) within Guyana supplied for the purpose by the
persons claiming to be so entitled, or until such an address has been so
supplied by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have
been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred.
Notices.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
365 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner
so authorised to
(a) every member except those members who, having no
registered address within Guyana, have not supplied to the
company an address within Guyana for the giving of notices
to them;
(b) every person upon whom the ownership of a share
devolves by reason of his being a legal personal
representative or a trustee in bankruptcy of a member, where
a member but for his death or bankruptcy would be entitled
to receive notice of the meetings; and
(c) the auditor for the time being of the company,
and no other person shall be entitled to receive notices of general
meetings .
27. (1) If the company is wound up, the liquidator may, with the
sanction of a special resolution of the company and any other sanction
required by the Act, divide amongst the members in specie or kind the
whole or any part of the assets of the company (whether they consist
of property of the same kind or not) and may, for such purpose set such
value as he deems fair upon any property to be divided as aforesaid and
may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the
members or different classes of members.
(2) The liquidator may, with the like sanction, vest the whole or
any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the
members or shareholders as the liquidator with the like sanction thinks
fit.
(3) Notwithstanding anything in this paragraph, no member or
shareholder shall be compelled to accept any shares or other securities
on which there is any liability.
28. Every director, managing director, agent, auditor, secretary and
any other officer for the time being of the company shall be indemnified
out of the assets of the company against any liability incurred by him in
defending any proceedings, whether civil or criminal, in which judgment
is given in his favour, or in which he is acquitted.
Winding up.
Indemnity.
LAWS OF GUYANA
FOURTH SCHEDULE
PART I
AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
1. (1) Subject to this Part, a company may
(a) by special resolution amend its articles of incorpora-
tion
(i) to change its name;
(ii) to alter the rights or obligations attached to shares of
any class;
(iii) to add, change or remove restrictions on the transfer
of shares;
(iv) to increase or decrease the number of directors or
the minimum or maximum number of directors;
(v) to add, change or remove any restriction upon the
capacity or powers of the company to carry on any activity;
(vi) to add, change or remove any matter permitted but
not required to be included in the articles; or
(vii) to reduce its share capital; or
(b) by ordinary resolution amend its articles for any other
purpose, including any purpose mentioned in paragraph 4
(other than that mentioned in paragraph 4(f)).
(2) The articles of incorporation of a company shall be
considered as being amended in respect of the rights or obligations
attached to a class of shares if
(a) the words stating the rights or obligations in the articles
are altered;
(b) the rights are made substantially less advantageous, or
the obligations are made substantially more onerous, even
though no alteration of a kind referred to in head (a) is made;
(c) shares carrying voting rights at general meetings are
issued on a capitalisation of profits or reserves to the holders
ss. 5, 62
Amendment
by special
resolution or
ordinary
resolution.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
367 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
of another class of shares but not to the holders of the class
of shares in question;
(d) shares of the class in question are issued to the holders
of shares of another class on a capitalisation of profits or
reserves; or
(e) the rights or obligations attached to another class of
shares are altered or added to in a manner which will or may
result in the rights attached to the class of shares in question
being substantially less advantageous or the obligations
attached to them being substantially more onerous.
2. This Part is subject to section 224(6)(a) of the Act.
3. The provision included in the articles of incorporation of a
company pursuant to section 5(1) (b) of the Act may not be amended.
.
4. With respect to the share capital of a company, the articles of
incorporation of the company may be amended only
(a) to change any maximum number of shares which the
company is authorised to issue;
(b) to create new classes of shares;
(c) to change the designation of all or any of the companys
shares;
(d) to change the shares of any class or series, whether
issued or unissued, into a different number of shares of the
same class, or into the same or a different number of shares
of other classes or series;
(e) to divide a class of shares, whether issued or unissued,
into series and to fix the number of shares in each series and
the rights, privileges, restrictions and conditions thereof; or
(f) to do anything referred to in paragraph (1)(a)(ii).
5. (1) Notice of a meeting called to pass the special resolution or, as
the case may be, the ordinary resolution to amend the articles of
incorporation of a company shall be given to all shareholders and
Limitation.
Certain
provision may
not be
amended.
Amendments
permitted in
relaiton to
share capital.
Meetings to
pass resolu-
tions.
LAWS OF GUYANA
debenture-holders of the company and to the trustee of any debenture
trust deed covering debentures issued by the company in like manner as
it is given to members of the company.
(2) A notice referred to in subparagraph (1) shall set out the
terms of the proposed amendment.
(3) A proposal for an amendment of the articles of incorporation
of a company may be made by the directors of the company or a
shareholder of the company.
6. (1) No amendment of a kind referred to in paragraph 4 shall be
made in the articles of incorporation of a company unless not earlier than
one month before the alteration or addition is made, a meeting of the
holders of shares of the class in question is held and a resolution
approving the alteration is passed at the meeting by a majority
comprising at least three-quarters of the votes cast.
(2) The provisions of this Act and the by-laws of the company
concerned relating to general meetings shall apply to a meeting held
pursuant to subparagraph (1), except that shareholders of the class in
question who are not members of the company shall be deemed to be
members for the purpose of the meeting, and the quorum for such a
meeting shall be one or more persons present in person or by proxy,
holding at least three-quarters of the issued shares of the class in
question.
(3) If the by-laws of the company concerned provide for postal
voting at general meetings, postal votes may be given at a meeting held
under this paragraph.
(4) This paragraph shall not apply to
(a) a class of shares none of which has been issued; or
(b) a class of shares all of which have either been
transferred to or redeemed by the company, or are held by the
company or by a nominee for it, and none of which has been
reissued.
Amendment
affecting
classes of
shares.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
369 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
7. When authorised in a resolution effecting an amendment of the
articles of incorporation of a company, the directors of the company
may, without further approval, revoke the resolution before it is acted
upon.
8. (1) Subject to this paragraph, an amendment of the articles of
incorporation of a company shall not take effect until the expiration of
one month after it is made.
(2) Subject to subparagraph (3), subparagraph (1) shall not apply
to an amendment of the articles of incorporation of a company to amend
its name.
(3) Where a company amends its articles of incorporation so as
to enable it to convert to a public company, any amendment necessary
for that purpose shall not have effect unless and until the Registrar re-
issues pursuant to section 8(1 ) of the Act, the certificate of incorporation
relating to the company.
(4) Where an application is made to the court under and in
accordance with paragraph 13 in respect of any amendment of the
articles of incorporation of a company the amendment shall not take
effect
(a) unless the application is withdrawn; or
(b) the court confirms the amendment.
9. (1) No amendment of the articles of incorporation of a company
shall affect an existing cause of action or claim, or liability to prosecution
in favour of or against the company or its directors or officers, or any civil
or criminal action or proceedings to which the company is, or its directors
or officers are, a party.
(2) Where, but for this paragraph, an amendment of the articles
of incorporation of a company
(a) would require a member of the company to take or
subscribe for more shares than the number held by him at the
date on which the amendment is made; or
Revocation of
amendment.
Time when
amendment
takes effect.
Amendment
not to affect
any cause of
action, etc.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) would in any way increase his liability as at that date to
contribute to the share capital of, or otherwise to pay money
to the company,
the member is not bound by the amendment unless, either before or after
the amendment is made, he agrees to be bound by it.
PART II
AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS
10. The directors of a company may, subject to this Part and the
articles of incorporation of the company, amend the by-laws of the
company by altering or adding to them.
11. (1) An amendment of the by-laws of a company shall not have
effect unless the requirements of this paragraph are satisfied.
(2) An amendment of the by-laws of a company shall not have
effect
(a) until the expiration of one month after it is made; and
(b) until it is approved by ordinary resolution at a meeting of
the company.
(3) When an application is made to the court under and in
accordance with paragraph 13 in respect of any amendment of the by-
laws of a company the amendment shall not take effect
(a) unless the application is withdrawn; or
(b) the court confirms the amendment.
12. (1) An amendment of the by-laws of a company that has effect
shall, subject to this Act, be as valid as if originally contained in the by-
laws and shall be subject in like manner to amendment.
(2) Paragraph 9 shall apply to an amendment of the by-laws of
a company as it applies to an amendment of the articles of incorporation
of a company.
Amendment of
by-laws by
directors.
Amendment of
by-laws
subject to this
paragraph.
Effect of
amendment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
371 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
PART III
CANCELLATION OF AMENDMENT OF ARTICLES OF
INCORPORATION OR BY-LAWS
13. (1) An application may be made to the court, within one month
after the amendment of the articles of incorporation or by-laws of a
company, to cancel the amendment by
(a) the prescribed number of shareholders of the company;
(b) the prescribed number of debenture-holders of the
company; or
(c) any person appointed by one or more instruments in
writing by these shareholders or debenture-holders to make
the application on their behalf.
(2) No shareholder who voted in person or by proxy in favour of
an amendment of a companys articles of incorporation or by-laws, or
in favour of the approval of the class of shareholders in which he belongs
being given to the alteration, may make an application under sub-
paragraph (l)(a), or concur in making such an application or be
authorised to make, or authorise any other person to make, such an
application.
(3) In this paragraph
the prescribed number of debenture-holders, in relation to a company,
means
(a) the holders of not less than twenty per cent of the
companys issued debentures secured by a floating charge;
or
(b) if the company has issued more than one class of
debentures so secured, the holders of not less than twenty per
cent of the issued debentures of any such class;
the prescribed number of shareholders, in relation to a company,
means
Application to
court to cancel
amendment.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) the holders of not less than ten per cent of the companys
issued shares; or
(b) if the company has issued shares of different classes, the
holders of not less than ten per cent of the issued shares of any
such class.
(4) In determining the number of shares or debentures whose
holders may make an application under subparagraph (1) no account
shall be taken of shares or debentures issued after the amendment of the
articles of incorporation or by-laws of the company concerned, and no
holder of any such shares or debentures may make or concur in making
such an application, or be authorised to make, or authorise any other
person to make, such an application by virtue of his holding any such
shares or debentures.
PART IV
RIGHT OF SHAREHOLDER TO DISSENT
14. (1) Subject to this Part, a holder of shares of a particular class in
a company may dissent if the company resolves to amend its articles of
incorporation
(a) to increase or decrease any maximum number of
authorised shares of a class having rights or privileges equal
or superior to shares of the particular class;
(b) to effect an exchange, reclassification or cancellation of
all or part of the shares of the particular class;
(c) to add to, change or remove the rights, privileges,
restrictions or conditions attached to, the shares of the
particular class and, in particular
(i) to remove or change prejudicially rights to accrued
dividends or rights to cumulative dividends;
(ii) to reduce or remove a dividend preference; or
(iii) to add to, remove or change prejudicially conversion
privileges, options, voting, transfer or pre-emptive rights or
rights to acquire shares of a company;
Right to
dissent.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
373 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(d) to increase the rights or privileges of any class of shares
having rights or privileges equal or superior to the shares of
the particular class;
(e) to create a new class of shares equal or superior to the
shares of the particular class;
(f) to make any class of shares having rights or privileges
inferior to the shares of the particular class equal or superior
to shares of the particular class;
(g) to effect an exchange or create a right of exchange of
all or part of the shares of another class into shares of the
particular class; or
(h) to constrain the issue or transfer of the shares of the
particular class or extend or remove any such constraint.
(2) A shareholder who dissents in any case mentioned in sub-
paragraph ( 1 ) is referred to in this Part as a dissenting shareholder.
15. (1) In addition to any other right he may have but subject to
paragraph 37, a shareholder who complies with this Part is entitled, when
the action approved by the resolution from which he dissents becomes
effective, to be paid by the company the fair value of the shares held by
him in respect of which he dissents.
(2) The fair value of the shares referred to in subparagraph (1)
shall be determined as at the close of business on the day before the
resolution in question was adopted, but in determining that value any
change in value reasonably attributable to the anticipated adoption of the
resolution shall be excluded.
16. A dissenting shareholder may only claim under this Part with
respect to all the shares of a class held by him on behalf of any one
beneficial owner and registered in the name of the dissenting
shareholder.
17. A dissenting shareholder shall send to the company, at or before
any meeting at which a resolution of a kind mentioned in paragraph 14(1)
is to be voted on, a written objection to the resolution, unless the company
did not give notice to the shareholder of the purpose of the meeting and
of his right to dissent.
Payment of
fair value.
No partial
dissent.
Written
objection.
LAWS OF GUYANA
18. The company shall, within ten days after the passing of a
resolution of a kind mentioned in paragraph 14(1), send each shareholder
who has sent an objection under paragraph 17 to the company notice that
the resolution has been adopted, but such notice is not required to be sent
to any shareholder who voted for the resolution or who has withdrawn
his objection.
19. A dissenting shareholder shall, within twenty days after he
receives a notice under paragraph 18 or, if he does not receive such a
notice, within twenty days after he learns that the resolution has been
adopted, send to the company written notice containing
(a) a statement of his name and address;
(b) a statement of the number and class of shares in respect
of which he dissents; and
(c) a demand for payment of the fair value of those shares.
20. A dissenting shareholder shall, within thirty days after sending a
notice under paragraph 19, send the certificates representing the shares
in respect of which he dissents to the company.
21. A dissenting shareholder who fails to comply with paragraph 20
has no right to make a claim under this Part.
22. A company shall endorse on any share certificate received
pursuant to paragraph 20 a notice that the holder is a dissenting
shareholder under this Part and forthwith return the share certificate to
the dissenting shareholder.
23. After sending a notice under paragraph 19, a dissenting
shareholder shall cease to have any rights as a shareholder except the
right to be paid the fair value of his shares as determined under this Part,
unless the dissenting shareholder withdraws his notice before the
company makes an offer under paragraph 24, in which case his rights
as a shareholder shall be reinstated.
Notice of
resolution.
Demand for
payment.
Share
certificates.
Forfeiture.
Endorsing
certificate.
Suspension of
rights.
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Companies
375 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
24. A company shall, not later than seven days after the day on which
the action approved by the resolution is effective or the day the company
received the notice referred to in paragraph 19, whichever is the later,
send to each dissenting shareholder who has sent such a notice
(a) a written offer to pay for his shares in an amount
considered by the directors of the company to be the fair value
of the shares, accompanied by a statement showing how the
fair value was determined; or
(b) if paragraph 37 applies, a notification that it is unable
lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for their shares.
25. Every offer made under paragraph 24 for shares of the same
class or series shall be on the same terms.
26. Subject to paragraph 37, a company shall pay for the shares of
a dissenting shareholder within ten days after an offer made under
paragraph 24 has been accepted, but any such offer lapses if the
company does not receive an acceptance of the offer within thirty days
after the offer has been made.
27. Where a company fails to make an offer under paragraph 24, or
if a dissenting shareholder fails to accept an offer, the company may,
within fifty days after the action approved by the resolution is effective,
apply to the court to fix a fair value for the shares of any dissenting
shareholder.
28. If a company fails to apply to the court under paragraph 27, a
dissenting shareholder may apply to the court for the same purpose
within a further period of twenty days.
29. A dissenting shareholder is not required to give security for costs
in an application made under paragraph 27 or 28.
30. Upon an application to the court under paragraph 27 or 28
(a) all dissenting shareholders whose shares have not been
purchased by the company shall be joined as parties and are
bound by the decision of the court; and
Offer to pay.
Same terms.
Payment.
Application
by company
to court.
Application
by shareholder
to court.
No security
for costs.
Parties.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the company shall notify each affected dissenting
shareholder of the date, place and consequences of the
application and of his right to appear and be heard in person
or by an attorney-at-law
31. Upon an application to the court under paragraph 27 or 28
(a) the court may determine whether any other person is a
dissenting shareholder who should be joined as a party, and
the court shall then fix a fair value for the shares of all
dissenting shareholders;
(b) the court may determine that a person is a dissenting
shareholder, notwithstanding that the person voted for a
resolution, if the court is satisfied that any material facts had
not been disclosed by the company concerned when he so
voted.
32. The court may, in its discretion, appoint one or more valuers to
assist the court to fix a fair value for the shares of the dissenting
shareholders.
33. The final order of the court shall be rendered against the company
in favour of each dissenting shareholder and for the amount of his shares
as fixed by the court.
34. The court may, in its discretion, allow a reasonable rate of interest
on the amount payable to each dissenting shareholder from the date the
action approved by the resolution is effective until the date of payment.
35. If paragraph 37 applies, the company shall, within ten days after
a final order is made pursuant to paragraph 33, notify each dissenting
shareholder that it is unable lawfully to pay dissenting shareholders for
their shares.
36. If paragraph 37 applies, a dissenting shareholder, by written
notice delivered to the company within thirty days after receiving a
notice under paragraph 35, may
Powers of
court.
Valuers.
Final order.
Interest.
Notice that
paragraph 37
applies.
Effect where
paragraph 37
applies.
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Companies
377 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(a) withdraw his notice of dissent, in which case the
company is deemed to consent to the withdrawal and the
shareholder is reinstated to his full rights as a shareholder; or
(b) retain a status as a claimant against the company, to be
paid as soon as the company is lawfully able to do so or, in a
winding up, to be counted subordinate to the rights of creditors
of the company but in priority to its shareholders.
37. A company shall not make a payment to a dissenting shareholder
under this Part if there are reasonable grounds for believing that
(a) the company is or would after the payment be unable to
pay its liabilities as they became due; or
38. A shareholder is not entitled to dissent under this Part if an
amendment of the articles of incorporation of a company is made
pursuant to section 224(5)(c) of the Act.
__________
FIFTH SCHEDULE
CONTENTS OF ANNUAL RETURN OF
A COMPANY
1. The address of the registered office of the company.
2. In a case in which the register of members or debenture-holders
of the company is kept elsewhere than at the registered office, the
address of the place where it is kept.
3. A summary, distinguishing between shares issued for cash and
shares issued as fully or partly paid up otherwise than in cash, specifying
the following particulars
(a) the number of authorised shares in the company and, if
applicable, the number of authorised shares in respect of each
class of shares;
Limitation.
Exclusion.
s. 153
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) the number of shares and, if applicable, each class of
shares, of the company which have been issued and are
outstanding;
(c) the amount paid up and credited as paid up in respect of
the companys issued and outstanding shares;
(d) the amount of instalments due but unpaid in respect of
the companys issued and outstanding shares;
(e) the total amount of the sums (if any) paid by way of
commission in respect of any shares or debentures so far as
not written off in the companys accounts;
(f) the total number of shares and debentures and, if
applicable, of each class, which the company
(i) redeemed (including acquisitions before the
redemption date) if the shares or debentures have not been
reissued;
(ii) acquired by way of transfer or surrender;
(iii) forfeited; and
(iv) reissued; and
(g) the total amount of outstanding loans made, guaranteed
or secured by the company under section 54 of the Act.
4. The total amount of the companys indebtedness secured by
mortgage, or charges which are required to be registered by the
Registrar under section 233 of the Act, and the total amount of such
indebtedness secured by mortgages and charges falling within
paragraphs (a) and (b) of section 233(3) of the Act.
5. A list
(a) containing the names and addresses of all persons who,
on any day (identified in the return) within two months before
the latest day for making the return, are members of the
company, and of persons who have ceased to be members
since the date of the last return or, in the case of the first
return, since the incorporation of the company;
(b) stating the number of shares held by each of the existing
members at the date of the return; and
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379 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(c) if the names aforesaid are not arranged in alphabetical
order, having annexed thereto an index sufficient to enable
the name of any person therein to be easily found.
6. All such particulars with respect to the persons who at the date
of the return are the directors of the company, and any person who at
the date is the secretary of the company, as are by section 189 required
to be contained with respect to directors and the secretary respectively
in the register of the directors and secretaries of a company.
7. Name and address of the auditors of the company.
8. Where applicable, a statement whether the company has
complied with the requirements of this Act relating to the laying of
accounts before the company at its annual general meeting (if any) held
on the date to which the return is made up or, if an annual general meeting
is not held on that date, the annual general meeting preceding that date.
___________
SIXTH SCHEDULE
ACCOUNTS
PRELIMINARY
l. Paragraphs 2 to 13 shall apply to the balance sheet and 14 to 18
to the profit and loss account, and shall be subject to the exceptions and
modifications provided for by Part II in the case of a holding or subsidiary
company and by Part III in the case of companies of classes therein
mentioned; and this Schedule shall have effect in addition to the
provisions of section 49 and sections 163 to 167 of the Act.
s. 157
LAWS OF GUYANA
PART I
GENERAL PROVISIONS AS TO BALANCE SHEET AND PROFIT AND
LOSS ACCOUNT
Balance Sheet
2. The authorised share capital, issued share capital, liabilities and
assets shall be summarised, with such particulars as are necessary to
disclose the general nature of the assets and liabilities, and there shall be
specified
(a) any part of the issued capital that consists of redeemable
shares, the earliest and latest dates on which the company has
power to redeem those shares, whether those shares must be
redeemed in any event or are liable to be redeemed at the
option of the company and whether any (and, if so, what)
premium is payable on redemption;
(b) so far as the information is not given in the profit and loss
account, any share capital on which interest has been paid out
of capital during the financial year, and the rate at which
interest has been so paid; and
(c) particulars of any redeemed debentures which the
company has power to reissue.
3. There shall be stated under separate headings, so far as they are
not written off
(a) the preliminary expenses;
(b) any expenses incurred in connection with any issue of
share capital or debentures;
(c) any sums paid byway of commission in respect of any
shares or debentures; and
(d) any sums allowed by way of discount in respect of any
debentures.
4. (1) The reserves, provisions, liabilities and assets shall be
classified under headings appropriate to the companys business:
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Companies
381 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
Provided that
(a) where the amount of any class is not material, it may be
included under the same heading as some other class; and
(b) where any assets of one class are not separable from
assets of another class, those assets may be included under
the same heading.
(2) Fixed assets, current assets and assets that are neither fixed
nor current shall be separately identified.
(3) The method or methods used to arrive at the amount of the
fixed assets under each heading shall be stated.
5. (1) The method of arriving at the amount of any fixed assets shall,
subject to subparagraph (2), be to take the difference between
(a) its cost or, if it stands in the companys books at a
valuation, the amount of the valuation; and
(b) the aggregate amount provided or written off since the
date of acquisition or valuation, as the case may be, for
depreciation or diminution in value,
and for the purposes of this paragraph the net amount at which any
assets stand in the companys books at the commencement of this Act
(after deduction of the amounts previously provided or written off for
depreciation or diminution in value) shall, if the figures relating to the
period before the commencement of this Act cannot be obtained without
unreasonable expense or delay, be treated as if it were the amount of a
valuation of those assets made at the commencement of this Act and,
where any of those assets are sold, the said net amount less the amount
of the sales shall be treated as if it were the amount of a valuation so
made of the remaining assets.
(2) Subparagraph (1) shall not apply
(a) to assets for which the figure relating to the period
beginning with the commencement of this Act cannot be
obtained without unreasonable expense or delay;
LAWS OF GUYANA
(b) to assets the replacement of which is provided for wholly
or partly
(i) by making provision for renewals and charging the
cost of replacement against the provision so made; or
(ii) by charging the cost of replacement direct to
revenue;
(c) to any quoted investments or to any unquote investments
of which the value as estimated by the directors is shown
either as the amount of the investments or by way of note; or
(d) to goodwill, patents or trade marks.
(3) For the assets under each heading whose amount is arrived
at in accordance with subparagraph (1), there shall be shown
(a) the aggregate of the amounts referred to in paragraph
(a) of that subparagraph; and
(b) the aggregate of the amounts referred to in paragraph
(b) thereof.
(4) As respects the assets under each heading whose amount is
not arrived at in accordance with the said subparagraph (1) because
their replacement is provided for as mentioned in subparagraph (2)(b),
there shall be stated
(a) the means by which their replacement is provided for;
and
(b) the aggregate amount of the provision (if any) made for
renewals and not used.
(5) As respects assets consisting of investments, the profits
accruing on the realisation of any such assets may be used to write down
the value of any other such assets remaining.
6. In the case of unquoted investments consisting in equity share
capital of other bodies corporate (other than any whose values as
estimated by the directors are separately shown, either individually or
collectively or as to some individually and as to the rest collectively, and
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
383 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
are so shown either as the amount thereof, or by way of note), the
matters referred to in the following heads shall, if not otherwise shown,
be stated by way of note or in a statement or report annexed
(a) the aggregate amount of the companys income for the
financial year that is ascribable to the investment;
(b) the amount of the companys share before taxation, and
the amount of the share after taxation, of the net aggregate
amount of the profits of the bodies corporate in which the
investments are held, being profits for the several periods to
which accounts sent by them during the financial year to the
company related, after deducting the losses of those bodies
corporate for those periods (or vice versa);
(c) the amount of the companys share of the net aggregate
amount of the undistributed profits accumulated by the bodies
corporate in which the investments were acquired, after
deducting the losses accumulated by them since that time (or
vice versa);
(d) the manner in which any losses incurred by the said
bodies corporate have been dealt with in the companys
accounts.
7. The aggregate amounts respectively of reserves and provisions
(other than provisions for depreciation, renewals or diminution in value
of assets) shall be stated under separate heading:
Provided that
(a) this paragraph shall not require a separate statement of
either of the said amounts which is not material; and
(b) the Minister may direct that it shall not require a separate
statement of the amount of provisions where he is satisfied
that that is not required in the public interest and would
prejudice the company, but subject to the condition that any
heading stating an amount arrived at after taking into account
a provision (other than as aforesaid) shall be so framed or
marked as to indicate that fact.
LAWS OF GUYANA
8. (1) There shall also be shown (unless it is shown in the profit and
loss account or a statement or report annexed thereto, or the amount
involved is not material)
(a) where the amount of the reserves or of the provisions
(other than provisions for depreciation, renewals or
diminution in value of assets) shows an increase as compared
with the amount at the end of the immediately preceding
financial year, the source from which the amount of the
increase has been derived; and
(b) where
(i) the amount of the reserves shows a decrease as
compared with the amount at the end of the immediately
preceding financial year; or
(ii) the amount at the end of the immediately preceding
financial year of the provisions (other than provisions for
depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of assets)
exceeded the aggregate of the sums since applied and
amounts still retained for the purposes thereof,
the application of the amounts derived from the difference.
(2) Where the heading showing the reserves of any of the
provisions aforesaid is divided into sub-headings, this paragraph shall
apply to each of the separate amounts shown in the sub-headings instead
of applying to the aggregate amount thereof.
9. If an amount is set aside for the purpose of its being used to
prevent undue fluctuations in charges for taxation, it shall be stated.
10. (1) There shall be shown under separate headings
(a) the aggregate amounts respectively of the companys
quoted investments and unquoted investments;
(b) if the amount of the goodwill and of any patents and trade
marks or part of that amount is shown as a separate item in
or is otherwise ascertainable from the books of the company,
or from any contract for the sale or purchase of any property
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
385 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
to be acquired by the company, or from any documents in the
possession of the company relating to the stamp duty payable
in respect of any such contract or the conveyance of any such
property, the said amount so shown or ascertained so far as
not written off or, as the case may be, the said amount so far
as it is so shown or ascertainable and as so shown or
ascertained, as the case may be;
(c) the aggregate amount of any outstanding loans made
under the authority of section 54(2) of the Act;
(d) the aggregate amount of bank loans and overdrafts and
aggregate amount of loans made to the company which
(i) are repayable otherwise than by instalments and fall
due for repayment after the expiration of the period of five
years beginning with the day next following the expiration of
the financial year; or
(ii) are repayable by instalments any of which fall due for
payment after the expiration of that period;
not being, in either case, bank loans or overdrafts; and
(e) the aggregate amount (before deduction of income tax)
which is recommended for distribution by way of dividend.
(2) Nothing in head (b) of subparagraph ( 1 ) shall be taken as
requiring the amount of the goodwill, patents and trade marks to be
stated otherwise than as a single item.
(3) The heading showing the amount of the quoted investments
shall be subdivided, where necessary, to distinguish the investments as
respects which there has, and those as respects which there has not,
been granted a quotation or permission to deal on a recognised stock
exchange.
(4) In relation to each loan falling within head (d) of subparagraph
(1) (other than a bank loan or overdraft), there shall be stated by way
of note (if not otherwise stated) the terms on which it is repayable and
the rate at which interest is payable thereon:
LAWS OF GUYANA
Provided that if the number of loans is such that, in the opinion of the
directors, compliance with the foregoing requirement would result in a
statement of excessive length, it shall be sufficient to give a general
indication of the terms on which the loans are repayable and the rates
at which interest is payable thereon.
11. Where any liability of the company is secured otherwise than by
operation of law on any assets of the company, the fact that liability is
so secured shall be stated, but it shall not be necessary to specify the
assets on which the liability is secured.
12. Where any of the companys debentures are held by a nominee
of, or trustee for, the company, the nominal amount of the debentures
and the amount at which they are stated in the books of the company
shall be stated.
13. (1) The matters referred to in the following subparagraphs shall
be stated by way of note, or in a statement or report annexed if not
otherwise shown.
(2) The number, description and amount of any shares in the
company which any person has an option to subscribe for together with
the following particulars of the option, that is to say
(a) the period during which it is exercisable;
(b) the price to be paid for shares subscribed for under it.
(3) The amount of any arrears of fixed cumulative dividends on
the companys shares and the period for which the dividends or, if there
is more than one class, each class of them are in arrears, the amount to
be stated before deduction of income tax, except that in the case of tax
free dividends, the amount shall be shown free of tax and the fact that
it is so shown shall also be stated.
(4) Particulars of any charge on the assets of the company to
secure the liabilities of any other person, including, where practicable,
the amount secured.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
387 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(5) The general nature of any other contingent liabilities not
provided for and, where practicable, the aggregate amount or estimated
amount of those liabilities, if it is material.
(6) Where practicable the aggregate amount or estimated
amount, if it is material, of contracts for capital expenditure, so far as not
provided for and, where practicable, the aggregate amount or estimated
amount, if it is material, of capital expenditure authorised by the directors
which has not been contracted for.
(7) In the case of fixed assets under any heading which amount
is required to be arrived at in accordance with paragraph 5(1) (other than
unquoted investments) and is so arrived at by reference to a valuation,
the years (so far as they are known to the directors) in which the assets
were severally valued and the several values, and in the case of assets
that have been valued during the financial year the names of the persons
who valued them or particulars of their qualifications for doing so and
(whichever is stated) the bases of valuation used by them.
(8) If there are included amongst fixed assets under any heading
(other than investments) assets that have been acquired during the
financial year, the aggregate amount of the assets acquired as
determined for the purpose of making up the balance sheet, and if during
that year any fixed assets included under a heading in the balance sheet
made up with respect to the immediately preceding financial year (other
than investments) have been disposed of or destroyed, the aggregate
amount thereof as determined for the purpose of making up that balance
sheet.
(9) Of the amount of fixed assets consisting of land, how much
is ascribable to land of freehold tenure and how much to land of leasehold
tenure, and, of the latter, how much is ascribable to land held on long
lease and how much to land held on short lease.
(10) If in the opinion of the directors any of the current assets
have not a value, on realisation in the ordinary course of the companys
business, at least equal to the amount at which they are stated, the fact
that the directors are of that opinion.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(11) The aggregate market value of the companys quoted
investments where it differs from the amount of the investments as
stated, and the stock exchange value of any investments of which the
market value is shown (whether separately or not) and is taken as being
higher than their stock exchange value.
(12) If a sum set aside for the purpose of its being used to prevent
undue fluctuations in charges for taxation has been used during the
financial year for another purpose, the amount thereof and the fact that
it has been so used.
(13) If the amount carried forward for stock in trade or work in
progress is material for the appreciation of its members of the
companys state of affairs or of its profit or loss for the financial year,
the manner in which that amount has been computed.
(14) The basis on which foreign currencies have been converted
into currency of Guyana, where the amount of the assets or liabilities
affected is material.
(15) The basis on which the amount, if any, set aside for tax is
computed.
(16) Except in the case of the first balance sheet laid before the
company after the commencement of this Act, the corresponding
amounts at the end of the immediately preceding financial year for all
items shown in the balance sheet.
PROFIT AND LOSS ACCOUNT
14. (1) There shall be shown
(a) the amount charged to revenue by way of provision for
depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of fixed assets;
(b) the amount of the interest on loans of the following kinds
made to the company (whether on the security of debentures
or not), namely, bank loans, overdrafts and loans which, not
being bank loans or overdrafts
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Companies
389 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(i) are repayable otherwise than by instalments and fall
due for repayment before the expiration of the period of five
years beginning with the day next following the expiration of
the financial year; or
(ii) are repayable by instalments the last of which falls
due for payment before the expiration of that period;
and the amount of the interest on loans of other kinds so made
(whether on the security of debentures or not);
(c) the amount of the charge for income tax and other
taxation on profits, including, where practicable, any taxation
imposed elsewhere to the extent of the relief, if any, from
income tax and distinguishing where practicable between
income tax and other taxation;
(d) the amounts respectively provided for redemption of
share capital and for redemption of loans;
(e) the amount, if material, set aside or proposed to be set
aside to, or withdrawn from, reserves;
(f) subject to subparagraph (2), the amount, if material, set
aside to provisions other than provisions for depreciation,
renewals or diminution in value of assets or, as the case may
be, the amount, if material, withdrawn from such provisions
and not applied for the purpose thereof;
(g) the amounts respectively of income from quoted
investments and income from unquoted vestments;
(h) if a substantial part of the companys revenue for the
financial year consists in rents from land, the amount thereof
(after deduction of ground-rates, rates and other outgoings);
(i) the amount, if material, charged to revenue in respect of
sums payable in respect of the hire of plant and machinery;
(j) the aggregate amount (before deduction of income tax)
of the dividends paid and proposed.
(2) The Minister may direct that a company shall not be obliged
to show an amount set aside to provisions in accordance with sub-
paragraph (1)(f), if the Minister is satisfied that that is not required in the
public interest and would prejudice the company, but subject to the
LAWS OF GUYANA
condition that any heading stating an amount arrived at after taking into
account the amount set aside as aforesaid shall be so framed or marked
as to indicate that fact.
(3) If, in the case of any assets in which case an amount is
charged to revenue by way of provision for depreciation or diminution
in value, an amount is also so charged by way of provision for renewal
thereof, the last-mentioned amount shall be shown separately.
(4) If the amount charged to revenue by way of provision for
depreciation or diminution in value of any fixed assets (other than
investments) has been determined otherwise than by reference to the
amount of those assets as determined for the purpose of making up the
balance sheet, the fact shall be stated.
15. The amount of any charge arising in consequence of the
occurrence of an event in a preceding financial year and of any credit
so arising shall, if not included in a heading relating to other matters, be
stated under a separate heading.
16. The amount of the remuneration of the auditors shall be shown
under a separate heading, and for the purposes of this paragraph, any
sums paid by the company in respect of the auditors expenses shall be
deemed to be included in the expression remuneration.
17. (1) The matters referred to in subparagraph (2) to (4) shall be
stated by way of note, if not otherwise shown.
(2) The turnover for the financial year, except in so far as it is
attributable to business of such a class as may be prescribed for the
purposes of this subparagraph.
(3) If some or all of the turnover is omitted by reason of its being
attributable as aforesaid, the fact that it is so omitted.
(4) The method by which turnover stated is arrived at.
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Companies
391 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(5) A company shall not be subject to the requirements of this
paragraph if it is neither a holding company nor a subsidiary of another
body corporate and the turnover which, apart from this subparagraph,
would be required to be stated does not exceed one hundred thousand
dollars.
18. (1) The matters referred to in the following subparagraphs shall
be stated by way of note, if not otherwise shown.
(2) If depreciation or replacement of fixed assets is provided for
by some method other than a depreciation charge or provision for
renewals, or is not provided for, the method by which it is provided for
or the fact that it is not provided for, as the case may be.
(3) The basis on which the charge for income tax is computed.
(4) Any special circumstances which affect liability in respect of
taxation of profits, income or capital gains for the financial year or
liability in respect of taxation of profits, income or capital gains for
succeeding financial years.
(5) Except in the case of the first profit and loss account laid
before the company after the commencement of this Act the
corresponding amounts for the immediately preceding financial year for
all items shown in the profit and loss account.
(6) Any material in respect of which any items shown in the profit
and loss account are affected
(a) by transactions of a sort not usually undertaken by the
company or otherwise by circumstances of an exceptional or
non-recurrent nature; or
(b) by any change in the basis of accounting.
LAWS OF GUYANA
PART II
SPECIAL PROVISIONS WHERE THE COMPANY IS A HOLDING
COMPANY OR SUBSIDIARY COMPANY
Modifications of and Additions to Requirements
as to Companys own Accounts
19. (1) This paragraph shall apply where the company is a holding
company, whether or not it is itself a subsidiary of another body
corporate.
(2) The aggregate amount of assets consisting of shares in, or
amounts owing (whether on account of a loan or otherwise) from the
companys subsidiaries distinguishing shares from indebtedness, shall
be set out in the balance sheet separately from all the other assets of the
company, and the aggregate amount of indebtedness (whether on
account of a loan or otherwise) to the companys subsidiaries shall be
so set out separately from all its other liabilities and
(a) the reference in Part I to the companys investments
(except those in paragraphs 13(8) and 14 (4) shall not include
investments in its subsidiaries required by this paragraph to be
separately set out; and
(b) paragraph 5, paragraph 14(1)(a) and paragraph 18(2)
shall not apply in relation to fixed assets consisting of interests
in the companys subsidiaries.
(3) There shall be shown by way of note on the balance sheet or
in a statement or report annexed thereto the number, description and
amount of the shares in and debentures of the company held by its
subsidiaries or their nominees, but excluding any of those shares or
debentures in the case of which the subsidiary is concerned as personal
representative or in the case of which it is concerned as trustee and
neither the company nor any subsidiary thereof if beneficially interested
under the trust, otherwise than by way of security only for the purposes
of a transaction entered into by it in the ordinary course of a business
which includes the lending of money.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
393 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(4) Where group accounts are not submitted, there shall be
annexed to the balance sheet a statement showing
(a) the reasons why subsidiaries are not dealt with in group
accounts;
(b) the net aggregate amount, so far as it concerns members
of the holding company and is not dealt with in the companys
accounts, of the subsidiaries profits after deducting the
subsidiaries losses (or vice versa)
(i) for the respective financial years of the subsidiaries
ending with or during the financial year of the company; and
(ii) for their previous financial years since they
respectively became the holding companys subsidiaries;
(c) the net aggregate amount of the subsidiaries profits
after deducting the subsidiaries losses (or vice versa)
(i) for the respective financial years of the subsidiaries
ending with or during the financial year of the company; and
(ii) for their other financial years since they respectively
became the holding companys subsidiaries so far as those
profits are dealt with or provision is made for those losses,
in the companys accounts;
(d) any qualifications contained in the report of the auditors
of the subsidiaries on their accounts for their respective
financial years ending as aforesaid, and any note or saving
contained in those accounts to call attention to a matter which,
apart from the note or saving, would properly have been
referred to in such a qualification, in so far as the matter which
is the subject of the qualification or note is not covered by the
companys own accounts and is material from the point of
view of its members;
or, in so far as the information required by this subparagraph is not
obtainable, a statement that it is not obtainable:
LAWS OF GUYANA
Provided that the Minister may, on the application or with the
consent of the companys directors, direct that in relation to any
subsidiary this subparagraph shall not apply or shall apply only to such
extent as may be provided by the direction.
(5) Paragraphs (b) and (c) of subparagraph (4) shall apply only
to profits and losses of a subsidiary which may properly be treated in the
holding companys accounts as revenue profits or losses, and the profits
or losses attributable to any shares in a subsidiary for the time being held
by the holding company or any other of its subsidiaries shall not (for that
or any other purpose) be treated as aforesaid so far as they are profits
or losses for the period before the date on or as from which the shares
were acquired by the company or any of its subsidiaries, except that they
may in a proper case be treated where
(a) the company is itself the subsidiary of another body
corporate; and
(b) the shares were acquired from that body corporate or a
subsidiary of it;
and for the purpose of determining whether any profits or losses are to
be treated as profits or losses for the said period the profit or loss for any
financial year of the subsidiary may, if it is not practicable to apportion
it with reasonable accuracy by reference to the fact, be treated as
accruing from day to day during that year and be apportioned
accordingly.
(6) Where group accounts are not submitted, there shall be
annexed to the balance sheet a statement showing, in relation to the
subsidiaries (if any) whose financial years did not end with that of the
company
(a) the reasons why the companys directors consider that
the subsidiaries financial year should not end with that of the
company; and
(b) the dates on which the subsidiaries financial years
ending last before that of the company respectively ended or
the earliest and latest of those dates.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
395 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
20. (1) The balance sheet of a company which is a subsidiary of
another body corporate whether or not it is itself a holding company, shall
show the aggregate amount of its indebtedness to all bodies corporate
of which it is a subsidiary or a fellow subsidiary and the aggregate
amount of indebtedness of all such bodies corporate to it, distinguishing
in each case between indebtedness in respect of debentures and other-
wise, and the aggregate amount of assets consisting of shares in fellow
subsidiaries.
(2) For the purposes of this paragraph a company shall be
deemed to be a fellow subsidiary of another body corporate if both are
subsidiaries in the same body corporate but neither is the others.
Consolidated Accounts of Holding Company
and Subsidiaries
21. Subject to the following paragraphs of this Part, the consolidated
balance sheet and profit and loss account shall combine the information
contained in the separate balance sheets and profit and loss accounts of
the holding company and of the subsidiaries dealt with by the
consolidated accounts, but with such adjustments (if any) as the
directors of the holding company think necessary.
22. Subject as aforesaid and to Part III, consolidated accounts shall,
in giving the said information, comply as far as practicable, with the
requirements of this Act as if they were the accounts of an actual
company.
23. Sections 158 and 159 of the Act shall not, by virtue of the two last
foregoing paragraphs, apply for the purpose of the consolidated
accounts.
24. Paragraph 8 shall not apply for the purpose of any consolidated
accounts laid before a company with the first balance sheet so laid after
the commencement of this Act.
25. In relation to any subsidiaries of the holding company not dealt
with by the consolidated accounts
LAWS OF GUYANA
(a) paragraph 19 (2) and (3) shall apply for the purpose of
those accounts as if those accounts were the accounts of an
actual company of which they were subsidiaries; and
(b) there shall be annexed the like statement as is required
by paragraph 19(4) where there are no group accounts, but
as if references therein to the holding companys accounts
were references to the consolidated accounts.
26. In relation to any subsidiaries (whether or not dealt with by the
consolidated accounts), whose financial years did not end with that of
the company, there shall be annexed the like statement as is required by
paragraph 19(6) where there are no group accounts.
PART III
EXCEPTIONS FOR SPECIAL CLASSES OF COMPANY
27. (1) A banking or discount company shall not be subject to the
requirements of Part I other than
(a) as respects its balance sheet, those of paragraphs 2 and
3, paragraph 4 (so far as it relates to assets), paragraph 10
(except subparagraphs (1) (d) and (4)), paragraphs 11 and 12
and paragraph 13 (except subparagraphs (7), (8), (9), (11)
and (12)); and
(b) as respects its profit and loss account, those of
subparagraph (1) (h) and (j) of paragraphs 14, 15 and 16 and
subparagraphs (1) and (5) of paragraph 18;
but, where in its balance sheet reserves or provisions (other than
provisions for depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of assets)
are not stated separately, any heading stating an amount arrived at after
taking into account a reserve or such a provision shall be so framed or
marked as to indicate that fact, and its profit and loss account shall
indicate by appropriate words the manner in which the amount stated for
the companys profit or loss has been arrived at.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
397 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
(2) The accounts of a banking or discount company shall not be
deemed, by reason only of the fact that they do not comply with any
requirements of Part I from which the company is exempt by virtue of
this paragraph, not to give the true and fair view required by this Act.
(3) In this paragraph the expression banking or discount
company means any company which satisfied the Minister that it ought
to be treated for the purposes of this Schedule as a banking company or
as a discount company.
28. (1) An insurance company shall not be subject to the following
requirements of Part I, that is to say
(a) as respects its balance sheet, those of paragraphs 4 to 8
(both inclusive), subparagraphs (1) (a) and (3) of paragraph
10 and subparagraphs (4), (5) and (7) to (11) (both inclusive)
of paragraph 13;
(b) as respects its profit and loss account, those of
paragraph 14 (except subparagraphs (l)(b), (c), (d) and (j) and
paragraph 18(2));
but, where in its balance sheet reserves or provisions (other than
provisions for depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of assets)
are not stated separately, any heading stating an amount arrived at after
taking into account a reserve or such a provision shall be so framed or
marked as to indicate that fact, and its profit and loss account shall
indicate by appropriate words the manner in which the amount stated for
the companys profit or loss has been arrived at:
Provided that the Minister may direct that any such insurance
company whose business includes to a substantial extent business other
than insurance business shall comply with all the requirements of the said
Part I or such of them as may be specified in the direction and shall
comply therewith as respects either the whole of its business or such part
thereof as may be so specified.
LAWS OF GUYANA
(2) Where an insurance company is entitled to the benefit of this
paragraph, then any wholly owned subsidiary thereof shall also be so
entitled if its business consists only of business which is complementary
to insurance business of the classes carried on by the insurance
company.
(3) The accounts of a company shall not be deemed, by reason
only of the fact that they do not comply with any requirement of Part I
from which the company is exempt by virtue of this paragraph, not to
give the true and fair view required by this Act.
(4) For the purposes of this paragraph a company shall be
deemed to be the wholly owned subsidiary of an insurance company if
it has no members except the insurance company and the insurance
companys wholly owned subsidiaries and its or their nominees.
29. (1) A shipping company shall not be subject to the following
requirements of Part 1, that is to say
(a) as respects its balance sheet, those of paragraph 4
(except so far as it relates to assets), paragraphs 5, 8 and sub-
paragraphs (7) and (8) of paragraph 13;
(b) as respects its profit and loss account, those of sub-
paragraph (1) (a), (e) and (f) and sub-paragraphs (3) and (4)
of paragraph 14 and paragraph 17.
(2) The accounts of a company shall not be deemed, by reason
only of the fact that they do not comply with any requirements of Part
I from which the company is exempt by virtue of this paragraph, not to
give the true and fair view required by this Act.
(3) In this paragraph the expression shipping company means
a company which, or a subsidiary of which, owns ships or includes
amongst its activities the management or operation of ships, being a
company which satisfies the Minister that, in the national interest, it
ought to be treated for the purposes of this paragraph as a shipping
company.
LAWS OF GUYANA
Companies
399 Cap. 89:01
L.R.O. 3/1998
30. Where a company entitled to the benefit of any provision
contained in this Part is a holding company, the reference in Part II to
consolidated accounts complying with the requirements of this Act shall,
in relation to consolidated accounts of that company, be construed as
referring to those requirements in so far only as they apply to the
separate accounts of that company.
PART IV
INTERPRETATION OF SCHEDULE
31. (1) For the purposes of this Schedule, unless the context
otherwise requires
(a) the expression provision shall, subject to sub-
paragraph (2), mean any amount written off or retained by
way of providing for depreciation, renewals or diminution in
value of assets or retained by way of providing for any known
liability of which the amount cannot be determined with
substantial accuracy;
(b) the expression reserve shall not, subject as aforesaid,
include any amount written off or retained by way of
providing for depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of
assets or retained by way of providing for any known liability
or any sum set aside for the purpose of its being used to
prevent undue fluctuations in charges for taxation,
and in this paragraph the expression liability shall include all liabilities
in respect of expenditure contracted for and all disputed or contingent
liabilities.
(2) Where
(a) any amount written off or retained by way of providing
for depreciation, renewals or diminution in value of assets, not
being an amount written off in relation to fixed assets before
the commencement of this Act; and
(b) any amount retained by way of providing for any known
liability
LAWS OF GUYANA
is in excess of that which in the opinion of the directors is reasonably
necessary for the purpose, the excess shall be treated for the purposes
of this Schedule as a reserve and not as a provision.
32. For the purposes aforesaid
(a) the expression quoted investment means an
investment as respects which there has been granted a
quotation or permission to deal on a recognised stock
exchange, or on any stock exchange, or on any stock
exchange of repute outside Guyana, and the expression
unquoted investment shall be construed accordingly;
(b) the expression long lease means a lease in the case of
which the portion of the term for which it was granted
remaining unexpired at the end of the financial year is not less
than fifty years, the expression short lease means a lease
which is not a long lease and the expression lease includes
an agreement for a lease;
(c) a loan shall be deemed to fall due for repayment, and an
instalment of a loan shall be deemed to fall due for payment,
on the earliest date on which the lender could require
repayment or, as the case may be, payment if he exercised all
options and rights available to him.
_________

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