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    MIT OpenCourseWare Http://Ocw - Mit.edu

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    snehith
    This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

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    MIT OpenCourseWare Http://Ocw - Mit.edu

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    snehith
    201 views7 pages
    This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

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    power electronics notes

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    MIT OpenCourseWare Http://Ocw.mit.Edu

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    This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    201 views7 pages

    MIT OpenCourseWare Http://Ocw - Mit.edu

    Uploaded by

    snehith
    This document summarizes key aspects of phase-controlled rectifiers using thyristors. SCRs can be turned on with a gate pulse when the voltage is positive, but only turn off when the current reaches zero. Varying the firing angle α controls the output voltage. Power can flow from DC to AC if the firing angle is past 90°. The power factor depends on the firing angle. AC side reactance affects the commutation between thyristors. The output voltage is controlled by the firing angle but is limited during commutation between thyristors.

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    of 7

    MIT OpenCourseWare

    http://ocw.mit.edu

    6.334 Power Electronics


    Spring 2007

    For information about citing these materials or our Terms of Use, visit: http://ocw.mit.edu/terms.
    Chapter 4

    Phase-controlled Rectifiers

    Read Chapter 5 of "Principles of Power Electronics" (KSV) by J . G . Kassakian, M.

    F. Schlecht, and G. C. Verghese, Addison-Wesley, 1991.

    Thyristor Devices: SCR (Silicon Controlled Rectifier)

    Figure 4.1: Thyristor

    SCR: Acts like a diode where you can select when conduction will start, but not

    when it stops.

    Stay off until a gate pulse is applied while VAK> 0.


    Once on, behaves like a diode and does not turn off until i + 0.

    To stay off (after VaK > 0 again) must have i stay at 0 for a short time t, (10 -
    loops)

    So the device is semi-controlled: we control the turn on point, but only turns off

    when circuit conditions force it to.

    Simple example:

    Figure 4.2: Example

    Phase of thyristor turn on (with respect t o line voltage) is termed firing angle a .

    Consider a full-bridge converter (inductive/current load).

    Diode version:
    CHAPTER 4. PHASE-CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

    ot
    2-

    /
    Dl, D2
    - Conduct
    ./ D3, D4
    - - Conduct
    Figure 4.3: Diode Version

    Thyristor (phase-cont rolled) version (firing angle a ):

    Ql,Q2 == Q3,Q4
    Con uct ( Conduct Conduct

    Figure 4.4: Thyristor Version

    Lets analyze the output voltage < v, >:


    Id > 0 by necessity
    (conducbon of thyristor)
    A <Vx>
    Rectification

    z
    >

    Rectification Inversion
    ( <vx>>o
    Power Flows
    - - Power
    \ /

    <vx><o
    Flows
    >
    .....................
    AC -> DC DC -> AC Quadrants of 0 ration
    in ol,17

    Figure 4.5: Output Voltage

    So with a phase controlled converter, we can regulate the output voltage by varying

    firing angle a . We can even cause power flow from dc-side to ac-side as long as Id > 0

    (e.g., pull power out of inductor and put into line).

    Consider the power factor of a phase-controlled converter:

    V,i

    Figure 4.6: Power Factor


    CHAPTER 4. PHASE-CONTROLLED RECTIFIERS

    Phase shift of fundamental of square wave in phase with square wave, therefore,

    = a . So the power factor of a phase-controlled converter varies with firing angle

    a.

    Consider the effect of ac-side reactance:

    No LC

    +
    r r
    Ql Q~A
    LC

    44
    -
    il VsSin@t)
    Qz
    r
    il A

    +~d
    -
    No LC
    \
    a+u ot
    >
    a n

    -Id

    QLQZ Q3,Q4
    Al- Al-
    +?-= e +?-= e
    + e
    Q3,Q4

    Figure 4.7: AC-S ide Reactance

    Similar t o the diode rectifier case, a commutation period exists during which all

    devices are on, while current in LC switches between +Id and -Id (between Q1/Q2

    and Q3IQ4.
    A similar analyze to the diode case shows t h a t for the full-bridge thyristor con-

    verter:

    2K

    < v, >= -[cos a - 1-XK

    cI d
    n-

    Note t h a t the need to commutate devices places a limit on how negative the output

    voltage can be made as a function of X$-d and a . This is analyzed in KSV, Chapter

    5. (require a + u < n-) .


    Summary:

    VdO

    Commutation Limit

    Figure 4.8: Summary

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