UNIT 1

RATIONAL
(A)

Main

Concepts

and

NUMBERS

Results

p
, where p and q are
q
integers and q 0, is called a rational number.

A number that can be expressed in the form

p
is said
q
to be in the lowest form or simplest form if p and q have no common
factor other than 1 and q 0.

Lowest form of a rational number A rational number

Addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational

numbers are done in the same way as we do for fractions.
Rational numbers are closed under the operations of addition,
subtraction and multiplication.
The operations of addition and multiplication for rational numbers
are
(i) commutative,

(ii) associative

The rational number 0 is the additive identity for rational numbers.

The rational number 1 is the multiplicative identity for rational
numbers.

MATHEMATICS
The additive inverse of the rational number

a
a
is
and vice-versa.
b
b

The reciprocal or multiplicative inverse of the rational number

is

a
b

a c
c
if = 1.
b d
d

Distributivity of rational numbers For all rational numbers a,

b and c
a (b + c) = ab + ac
a (b c) = ab ac
Rational numbers can be represented on a number line.
Between any two given rational numbers there are infinitely many
rational numbers. The idea of mean helps us to find rational
numbers between two given rational numbers.

(B)

Solved Examples

In examples 1 to 3, there are four options out of which one is correct.

Choose the correct answer.
Example 1 : Which of the following is not true?
(a)

2 5 5 2
+ = +
3 4 4 3

(b)

2 5 5 2
=
3 4 4 3

(c)

2 5 5 2
=
3 4 4 3

(d)

2 5 2 4
=
3 4 3 5

Solution

: The correct answer is (b).

Example 2

: Multiplicative inverse of

Solution

(a) 1
(b) 1
: The correct answer is (d).

Example 3

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

(c) 0

(d) not defined

3

: Three rational numbers lying between 4 and

are
2
(a)

0
is
1

1
3
, 0,
2
4

(b)

1 1 3
, ,
4 4 4

UNIT-1
1
1
,0,
4
4

(c)
Solution

(d)

5
1
,0,
4
4

: The correct answer is (c).

In examples 4 and 5, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

Example 4

: The product of a non-zero rational number and its

reciprocal is ________.

Solution

: 1

Example 5

: If x =

Solution

1
6
y
and y =
then xy = _______.
3
7
x

16
7

In examples 6 and 7, state whether the given statements are true or

false.
Example 6

: Every rational number has a reciprocal.

Solution

: False

Example 7

Solution

: True

Example 8

: Find

Solution

5
4
is
larger
than
4 .
5

4 14 2

.
7
3
3

4 14 2
4 14 3

=
7
3 2
7 3 3

4
7 = 4
7

Example 9

: Using appropriate properties, find

Solution

2
5
7 2
2

+ +
.
3
7
3 3
7

2 5 7 2 2

+ +

3 7 3 3 7

5 2 2 2 7
+
7 3 7 3 3

RATIONAL NUMBERS

MATHEMATICS
5 2 2 7
+
=
7 7 3 3

2 7 5
+ =
3 3 3

Example 10 : Let O, P and Z represent the numbers 0, 3 and -5

respectively on the number line. Points Q, R and S are
between O and P such that OQ = QR = RS = SP.
What are the rational numbers represented by the points
Q, R and S. Next choose a point T between Z and O so
that ZT = TO. Which rational number does T represent?
Z

Solution

O
4

P
1

As OQ = QR = RS = SP
and OQ + QR + RS + SP = OP
therefore Q, R and S divide OP into four equal parts.
So, R is the mid-point of OP, i.e.

R=

0+3 3
=
2
2

Q is the mid-point of OR, i.e.

Q=

1
2

S=

1 3
9
+ 3 =
2 2
4

T=

0 + (5) 5
=
2
2

and S is the mid-point of RP, i.e.

3 3

0 + =
2 4

3
3
9
therefore, Q = , R = and S=
4
2
4

Also Z T = TO
So,

Think

and

T is the mid-point of OZ, i.e.

Discuss

1. Explain the first step in solving an addition equation with fractions

having like denominators.
2. Explain the first step in solving an addition equation with fractions
having unlike denominators.

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
4
ha. He wants to divide it
5
equally among his one son and two daughters. Find the
area of each ones share.
(ha means hectare; 1 hectare = 10,000 m2)

Example 11 : A farmer has a field of area 49

Solution

: 49

4
249
ha =
ha
5
5

Each share =

1 249
83
3

ha =
ha = 16 ha
3
5
5
5

2
4
Example 12 : Let a, b, c be the three rational numbers where a = , b =
3
5

and c =

Solution

5
6

Verify:
(i) a + (b + c) = (a + b) +c (Associative property of addition)
(ii) a (b c) = (a b) c (Associative property of
multiplication)
: (i) L.H.S
= a + (b +c)
=

2 4 5
+
+

3 5 6

2 24 25
+
3 30

2 1
+

3 30

20 1 19
=
30
30
R.H.S. of (i) = (a + b) + c

2 4 5
= + +

3 5 6

10 + 12 5
=
+

15 6

=
So,

22 5 44 25 19
=
=
15 6
30
30

2 4 5 2 4 5
+
+
= + +

3 5 2 3 5 6
RATIONAL NUMBERS

MATHEMATICS
Hence verified.
(ii) L.H.S = a (b c)
=

R.H.S.

2 4 5

3 5 6
=

2 20 2 2

3 30 3 3

2 ( 2) 4
=
33
9

= (a b) c
2 4 5
=

3 5 6

2 4 5

35 6

8 5

15 6

8 ( 5) 40 4
=
=
15 6
90
9

2 4 5 2 4 5

3 5 6 3 5 6

So,

Example 13 : Solve the following questions and write your observations.

Solution

(i)

5
+0=?
3

(ii)

2
+0=?
5

(iii)

3
+0=?
7

(iv)

2
1=?
3

(v)

6
1=?
7

(vi)

9
1=?
8

(ii)

2
2
+0=
5
5

(iii)

3
3
+0=
7
7

: (i)

5
5
+0=
3
3

Rational Numbers
Integers
Whole Numbers

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
(iv)

2
2
1=
3
3

(v)

6
6
1 =
7
7

(vi)

9
9
1=
8
8

Observation
From (i) to (iii), we observe that: (i) When we add 0 to a rational number we
get the same rational number.
From (iv) to (vi), we observe that: (ii) When we multiply a rational number
by 1 we get the same rational number.
(iii) Therefore, 0 is the additive identity of rational numbers and 1 is the
multiplicative identity of rational numbers.
Example 14 : Write any 5 rational numbers between
Solution

7
5
and .
6
8

5 5 4 20
=
=
6
64
24

7 7 3 21
=
=
8 8 3 24

and

Thus, rational numbers

between

19 18 17
20
,
,
,.....
24 24 24
24

lie

5
7
and .
6
8

Example 15 : Identify the rational number which is different

2 4 1 1
, , . Explain your reasoning.
from the other three : ,
3 5 2 3

Solution

4
5 is the rational number which is different from the

other three, as it lies on the left side of zero while others

lie on the right side of zero on the number line.
Example 16 : Problem Solving Strategies
Problem

: The product of two rational numbers is 7. If one of the

number is 10, find the other.

Solution

: Understand and explore

What information is given in the question?
One of the two rational numbers
Product of two rational numbers
What are you finding?
The other rational number
RATIONAL NUMBERS

MATHEMATICS
Plan a strategy
Let the unknown rational number be x. Form an
equation with the conditions given. Then solve the
equation.
Solve
Let the other rational number be x
10 x = 7
x=

7
7
,x=
10
10

Check
10

Think

and

7
= 7. Hence, the result is correct.
10

Discuss

Some other easier ways to find the answer.

Is the product greater than both the rational numb or less than both the
rational numbers?

Note

taking

Skills

Focus on Graphic Organisers

You can use an information frame to organize information about a
mathematical concept or property, such as the commutative property of
addition.
WORDS
The order in which you add two
numbers does not change the sum
EXAMPLE
3+5=5+3

COMMUTATIVE PROPERTY
OF ADDITION

ALGEBRA
a+b=b+a

VOCABULARY HELP
The word commute means travel
to move

Make an information frame for the distributive property.

8

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
(C)

Exercise

In questions 1 to 25, there are four options out of which one is correct.
Choose the correct answer.
p
where p and q are integers
1. A number which can be expressed as
q
and q 0 is
(a) natural number.
(b) whole number.
(c) integer.
(d) rational number.
p
is said to be a rational number if
q
q are integers.
q are integers and q 0
q are integers and p 0
q are integers and p 0 also q 0.

2. A number of the form

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

p
p
p
p

and
and
and
and

3 ( 5) 19
+
=
shows that
8
7
56
(a) rational numbers are closed under addition.

3. The numerical expression

(b) rational numbers are not closed under addition.

(c) rational numbers are closed under multiplication.
(d) addition of rational numbers is not commutative.
4. Which of the following is not true?
(a) rational numbers are closed under addition.
(b) rational numbers are closed under subtraction.
(c) rational numbers are closed under multiplication.
(d) rational numbers are closed under division.
3 1 1 3
+ = +
is an example to show that
8 7 7 8
(a) addition of rational numbers is commutative.

5.

(b) rational numbers are closed under addition.

(c) addition of rational number is associative.
(d) rational numbers are distributive under addition.
6. Which of the following expressions shows that rational numbers are
associative under multiplication.
(a)

2 6 3
2 6 3

3 7 5
3 7 5
RATIONAL NUMBERS

MATHEMATICS

(b)

2 6 3
2 3 6

3 7 5
3 5 7

(c)

2 6 3
3 2 6

=
3 7 5
5 3 7

2 6 3
6 2 3
=

(d)

3 7 5
7 3 5

7. Zero (0) is
(a) the identity
(b) the identity
(c) the identity
(d) the identity
8. One (1) is
(a) the identity
(b) the identity
(c) the identity
(d) the identity

for addition of rational numbers.

for subtraction of rational numbers.
for multiplication of rational numbers.
for division of rational numbers.
for addition of rational numbers.
for subtraction of rational numbers.
for multiplication of rational numbers.
for division of rational numbers.

9. The additive inverse of

7
is
19

7
7
19
19
(b)
(c)
(d)
19
19
7
7
10. Multiplicative inverse of a negative rational number is

(a)

(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
11. If x
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)

a positive rational number.

a negative rational number.
0
1
+ 0 = 0 + x = x, which is rational number, then 0 is called
identity for addition of rational numbers.
additive inverse of x.
multiplicative inverse of x.
reciprocal of x.

12. To get the product 1, we should multiply

(a)

10

8
21

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

(b)

8
21

(c)

21
8

8
by
21

(d)

21
8

UNIT-1
13. (x) is same as
(a) x

(b) x

14. The multiplicative inverse of 1

(c)

1
x

1
x

(d)

7
8

1
is
7

8
8
7
(b)
(c)
7
7
8
15. If x be any rational number then x + 0 is equal to

(a)

(a) x
(b) 0
16. The reciprocal of 1 is
(a) 1
(b) 1
17. The reciprocal of 1 is
(a) 1
(b) 1
18. The reciprocal of 0 is
(a) 1
(b) 1

(d)

(c) x

(d) Not defined

(c) 0

(d) Not defined

(c) 0

(d) Not defined

(c) 0

(d) Not defined

19. The reciprocal of any rational number

p
, where p and q are integers
q

and q 0, is
(a)

p
q

(b) 1

(c) 0

(d)

q
p

20. If y be the reciprocal of rational number x, then the reciprocal of y

will be
x
y
(a) x
(b) y
(c)
(d)
y
x
3 7

21. The reciprocal of

is
8 13
104
104
21
21
(b)
(c)
(d)
21
21
104
104
22. Which of the following is an example of distributive property of
multiplication over addition for rational numbers.

(a)

(a)

1 2 4 1 2 1 4
+
+
=

4 3 7 4 3 4 7

(b)

1 2 4 1 2 4
+

4 3 7 4 3 7

RATIONAL NUMBERS

11

MATHEMATICS
(c)

1 2 4 2 1 4
+
= +
4 3 7 3 4 7

(d)

1 2 4 2 4 1
+
= +

4 3 7 3 7 4

23. Between two given rational numbers, we can find

(a) one and only one rational number.
(b) only two rational numbers.
(c) only ten rational numbers.
(d) infinitely many rational numbers.
Plan a strategy
Some problems contain a lot of information. Read the entire
problem carefully to be sure you understand all the facts.
You may need to read it over several times, perhaps aloud so
that you can hear yourself and understand it well.
Then decide which information is most important (prioritise).
Is there any information that is absolutely necessary to solve
the problem? This information is most important.
Finally, put the information in order (sequence). Use
comparison words like before, after, longer, shorter, and so on
to help you. Write down the sequence before you try to solve
the problem.
Read the problem given below, and then answer the questions
that follow
Five friends are standing in line for the opening of a show.
They are in line according to their arrival. Shreya arrived 3
minutes after Sachin. Roy took his place in line at 9:01 P.M.
He was 1 minute behind Reena and 7 minutes ahead of Shreya.
The first person arrived at 9:00 P.M. Babu showed up 6
minutes after the first person. List the time of each persons
arrival.
(a) Whose arrival information helped you determine each
persons arrival time?
(b) Can you determine the order without the time?
(c) List the friends order of arrival from the earliest to the
last.

12

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
24.

x +y
is a rational number.
2
(a) Between x and y

(b) Less than x and y both.

(c) Greater than x and y both.
(d) Less than x but greater than y.
25. Which of the following statements is always true?
(a)

x y
is a rational number between x and y.
2

(b)

x +y
is a rational number between x and y.
2

(c)

x y
is a rational number between x and y.
2

(d)

x y
is a rational number between x and y.
2

In questions 26 to 47, fill in the blanks to make the statements true.

26. The equivalent of

5
, whose numerator is 45 is ___________.
7

27. The equivalent rational number of

7
, whose denominator is 45 is
9

___________.
15
35
and
, the greater number is __________.
20
40
29. The reciprocal of a positive rational number is ___________.

28. Between the numbers

30. The reciprocal of a negative rational number is ___________.

31. Zero has ___________ reciprocal.
32. The numbers ___________ and ___________ are their own reciprocal.
33. If y be the reciprocal of x, then the reciprocal of y2 in terms of x will
be ___________.
34. The reciprocal of

2 4

is ___________.
5 9

35. (213 657)1 = 2131 ___________.

36. The negative of 1 is ___________.

RATIONAL NUMBERS

13

MATHEMATICS

Writing Strategy:
Write a Convincing Argument
Your ability to write a convincing
argument proves that you have
understanding of the concept. An
effective argument should include the
following four parts:
(1) A goal
(2) A response to the goal

Write

it
a b o u t10 For any
.

d2
ally
02 an
1
t u s u e r,
e
a
r
h
a
p
w
rs,
mb
Com
u m b e e a t e r n u er as
n
o
r
w
b
t
the g
r num nent?
o
g i v e s he greate
p
t
e ex
using e or as th xception.
as
one e
the b
least
t
a
Give

(3) Evidence to support the response

(4) A summary statement
Step 1 : Identify the goal
For any two numbers, explain whether using the greater number as the
base will generally result in a greater number or using it as the exponent.
Find one exception.
Step 2 : Provide a response to the goal
Using the greater number as the exponent usually gives the greater
number.
Step 3 : Provide evidence to support your response

2
0 and r,
1
r
e
be
mb
he nu e a t e r n u m w i l l
t
r
o
r
F
t
the g
o n e n ber.
Using t h e e x p
r num
s
1 0 , a n a greate
t i
resul
100
2
10 =
1024
0
21 =
1024
100 < 0
21
2
10 <

rs
umbe
n
e
h
t
er
n for the great
o
i
t
p
ent
Exce 3. Using
expon er
e
d
h
n
t
a
at
as
2
a gre
er, 3,
numb t result in
o
will n r.
e
b
num
32 = 9
23 = 8
9>8
3
32 > 2

Step 4 : Summarise your argument

Generally, for any two numbers, using the greater number as the exponent
instead of as the base will result in a greater number.

14

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1

37. For rational numbers

e
a c e
a c
,
and
we have + = _________ +
f
b d f
b d

________.
5
is ________ than 3.
7
39. There are ________ rational numbers between any two rational
numbers.

38.

40. The rational numbers

1
1
and
are on the ________ sides of zero on
3
3

the number line.

41. The negative of a negative rational number is always a ________ rational
number.
42. Rational numbers can be added or multiplied in any __________.
43. The reciprocal of

5
is ________.
7

44. The multiplicative inverse of

4
is _________.
3

45. The rational number 10.11 in the from

46.

p
is _________.
q

1 2 3
1 2
+ = + _________.
5 7 8
5 7

47. The two rational numbers lying between 2 and 5 with denominator
as 1 are _________ and _________.
In each of the following, state whether the statements are true (T) or
false (F).
48. If

x
is a rational number, then y is always a whole number.
y

49. If

p
is a rational number, then p cannot be equal to zero.
q

50. If

r
is a rational number, then s cannot be equal to zero.
s

51.

5
2
lies between
and 1.
6
3
RATIONAL NUMBERS

15

MATHEMATICS
52.

5
1
lies between and 1.
10
2

53.

7
lies between 3 and 4.
2

54.

9
lies between 1 and 2.
6

55. If a 0, the multiplicative inverse of

56. The multiplicative inverse of

57. The additive inverse of

58. If

a
b
is .
b
a

3
5
is .
5
3

1
is 2.
2

x
c
x c
is the additive inverse of , then + = 0 .
y
d
y d

59. For every rational number x, x + 1 = x.

60. If

x
x c
c
=0
is the additive inverse of , then
y
y d
d

61. The reciprocal of a non-zero rational number

number

q
is the rational
p

q
.
p

62. If x + y = 0, then y is known as the negative of x, where x and y are

rational numbers.
63. The negative of the negative of any rational number is the number
itself.
64. The negative of 0 does not exist.
65. The negative of 1 is 1 itself.
66. For all rational numbers x and y, x y = y x.
67. For all rational numbers x and y, x y = y x.

16

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
68. For every rational number x, x 0 = x.
69. For every rational numbers x, y and z, x + (y z) = (x + y) (x + z).
70. For all rational numbers a, b and c, a (b + c) = ab + bc.
71. 1 is the only number which is its own reciprocal.
72. 1 is not the reciprocal of any rational number.
73. For any rational number x, x + (1) = x.
74. For rational numbers x and y, if x < y then x y is a positive rational
number.
75. If x and y are negative rational numbers, then so is x + y.
76. Between any two rational numbers there are exactly ten rational
numbers.
77. Rational numbers are closed under addition and multiplication but
not under subtraction.
78. Subtraction of rational number is commutative.
79.

3
is smaller than 2.
4

80. 0 is a rational number.

81. All positive rational numbers lie between 0 and 1000.
82. The population of India in 2004 - 05 is a rational number.
83. There are countless rational numbers between
84. The reciprocal of x 1 is

5
8
and .
6
9

1
.
x

85. The rational number

57
lies to the left of zero on the number line.
23

86. The rational number

7
lies to the right of zero on the number line.
4

8
lies neither to the right nor to the left of
3
zero on the number line.

87. The rational number

RATIONAL NUMBERS

17

MATHEMATICS

88. The rational numbers

1
and 1 are on the opposite sides of zero on
2

the number line.

89. Every fraction is a rational number.
90. Every integer is a rational number.
91. The rational numbers can be represented on the number line.
92. The negative of a negative rational number is a positive rational
number.
93. If x and y are two rational numbers such that x > y, then x y is
always a positive rational number.
94. 0 is the smallest rational number.
95. Every whole number is an integer.
96. Every whole number is a rational number.
97. 0 is whole number but it is not a rational number.
98. The rational numbers

1
5
and are on the opposite sides of 0 on
2
2

the number line.

99. Rational numbers can be added (or multiplied) in any order
4 6 6 4

5 5
5 5

100. Solve the following: Select the rational numbers from the list which
are also the integers.
9 8 7 6 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 3 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
,
,
,
,
,
4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2

101. Select those which can be written as a rational number with

denominator 4 in their lowest form:
7 64 36 16 5 140
,
,
,
,
,
8 16 12 17 4 28

18

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
102. Using suitable rearrangement and find the sum:
4

13

(a) 7 + 9 + 7 + 9

(b) 5 +

7 3
5 4
+ + ( 3) +
+
10 7
14
5

103. Verify ( x) = x for

(i) x =

3
5

(ii) x =

7
9

(iii) x =

13
15

104. Give one example each to show that the rational numbers are closed
under addition, subtraction and multiplication. Are rational numbers
closed under division? Give two examples in support of your answer.
105. Verify the property x + y = y + x of rational numbers by taking
(a) x =

1
1
, y=
2
2

(b) x =

2
5
, y=
3
6

3
20
2
9
, y=
, y=
(d) x =
7
21
5
10
106. Simplify each of the following by using suitable property. Also name
the property.

(c) x =

1 1 1

(a) + 6
2 4 2

1 2 1 2

(b)
5 15 5 5

(c)

3 3 5
+

5 7 6

107. Tell which property allows you to compute

1 5 7
1 5 7
as
5 6 9
5 6 9

108. Verify the property x y = y z of rational numbers by using

1
(a) x = 7 and y =
2

(b) x =

9
2
and y =
4
3

5
14
3
4
and y =
(d) x =
and y =
7
15
8
9
109. Verify the property x (y z) = (x y) z of rational numbers by
using

(c) x =

(a) x = 1, y =

1
1
and z =
2
4

(b) x =

2
3
1
, y=
and z =
3
7
2

RATIONAL NUMBERS

19

MATHEMATICS
(c) x =

2
5
1
, y=
and z =
7
6
4

(d) x = 0, y =

1
2

and What is the name of this property?

110. Verify the property x (y + z) = x y + x z of rational numbers by
taking.
(a) x =

1
3
1
, y= , z=
2
4
4

(b) x =

1
2
3
, y= , z=
2
3
4

(c) x =

2
4
7
, y=
, z=
3
6
9

1
2
3
, y=
, z=
5
15
10
111. Use the distributivity of multiplication of rational numbers over
addition to simplify

(d) x =

(a)

3 35 10

+
5 24 1

2 7 21

7 16 4
112. Simplify

(c)

(b)

5 8 16

+
4 5 15

(d)

3 8

40
4 9

(a)

32 23 22
+

5 11 15

(b)

3 28 14

7 15 5

(c)

3 2 5
+

7 21 6

(d)

7 1
1
+

8 16 12

113. Identify the rational number that does not belong with the other
three. Explain your reasoning
5 1 4 7
,
,
,
11 2 9 3

114. The cost of

19
171
metres of wire is Rs.
. Find the cost of one metre
4
2

of the wire.
115. A train travels
km/h.

20

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

1445
17
km in
hours. Find the speed of the train in
2
2

UNIT-1
116. If 16 shirts of equal size can be made out of 24m of cloth, how much
cloth is needed for making one shirt?
117.

7
of all the money in Hamids bank account is Rs. 77,000. How
11
much money does Hamid have in his bank account?
1
1
m long rope is cut into equal pieces measuring 7 m each.
3
3
How many such small pieces are these?

118. A 117

119.

120.

1
1
of the class students are above average,
are average and rest
6
4
are below average. If there are 48 students in all, how many students
are below average in the class?
2
1
of total number of students of a school come by car while
of
5
4
students come by bus to school. All the other students walk to school

1
walk on their own and the rest are escorted by their
3
parents. If 224 students come to school walking on their own, how
many students study in that school?

of which

121. Huma, Hubna and Seema received a total of Rs. 2,016 as monthly
allowance from their mother such that Seema gets
gets and Hubna gets 1

1
of what Huma
2

2
times Seemas share. How much money do
3

the three sisters get individually?

122. A mother and her two daughters got a room constructed for
Rs. 62,000. The elder daughter contributes

3
of her mothers
8

1
of her
2
mothers share. How much do the three contribute individually?

contribution while the younger daughter contributes

123. Tell which property allows you to compare

2 3 5
2 5 3
and
3 4 7
3 7 4

RATIONAL NUMBERS

21

MATHEMATICS
124. Name the property used in each of the following.
(i)
(ii)

7 3 3 7

11 5
5 11

2 3 1 2 3 2 1

+
=

+

3 4 2 3 4 3
2

(iii)

1 4 4 1 4 4
+
+
+
+
=
3 9 3 3 9 3

(iv)

2
2
2
+0 =0+
=
7
7
7

(v)

3
3 3
1 = 1 =
8
8 8

125. Find the multiplicative inverse of

(i) 1

1
8

126. Arrange the numbers

(ii) 3

1 13 5
,
, in the descending order.
4 16 8

127. The product of two rational numbers is

be

7
, find the other.
9

128. By what numbers should we multiply

be

1
3

14
. If one of the numbers
27

15
so that the product may
20

5
?
7

129. By what number should we multiply

8
so that the product may
13

be 24?
130. The product of two rational numbers is 7. If one of the number
is 5, find the other?
131. Can you find a rational number whose multiplicative inverse is 1?
132. Find five rational numbers between 0 and 1.
133. Find two rational numbers whose absolute value is

22

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

1
.
5

UNIT-1
134. From a rope 40 metres long, pieces of equal size are cut. If the length
of one piece is

10
metre, find the number of such pieces.
3

1
metres long rope is cut into 12 equal pieces. What is the length
2
of each piece?

135. 5

136. Write the following rational numbers in the descending order.

8 9 3
2
,
,
, 0,
7 8 2
5

137. Find (i)

2
3

(ii)

1 5 21

3 7
10

138. On a winter day the temperature at a place in Himachal Pradesh

was 16C. Convert it in degree Fahrenheit (0F) by using the formula.
C F 32
=
5
9

139. Find the sum of additive inverse and multiplicative inverse of 7.

1
140. Find the product of additive inverse and multiplicative inverse of .
3

141. The diagram shows the wingspans of different species of birds. Use
the diagram to answer the question given below:

(a) How much longer is the wingspan of an Albatross than the

wingspan of a Sea gull?
(b) How much longer is the wingspan of a Golden eagle than the
wingspan of a Blue jay?

RATIONAL NUMBERS

23

MATHEMATICS
142. Shalini has to cut out circles of diameter 1
strip of dimensions 8

1
cm from an aluminium
4

3
1
cm by 1 cm. How many full circles can
4
4

Shalini cut? Also calculate the wastage of the aluminium strip.

1
cup of sugar. Another recipe for the
2
same fruit salad requires 2 tablespoons of sugar. If 1 tablespoon is

143. One fruit salad recipe requires

equivalent to

1
cup, how much more sugar does the first recipe
16

require?
144. Four friends had a competition to see how far could they hop on one
foot. The table given shows the distance covered by each.
Name

Distance covered (km)

Seema

1
25

Nancy

1
32

Megha

1
40

Soni

1
20

(a) How farther did Soni hop than Nancy?

(b) What is the total distance covered by Seema and Megha?
(c) Who walked farther, Nancy or Megha?
145. The table given below shows the distances, in kilometres, between
four villages of a state. To find the distance between two villages,

24

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
locate the square where the row for one village and the column for
the other village intersect.

(a) Compare the distance between Himgaon and Rawalpur to

Sonapur and Ramgarh?
(b) If you drove from Himgaon to Sonapur and then from Sonapur
to Rawalpur, how far would you drive?
146. The table shows the portion of some common materials that are
recycled.
Material

Recycled

Paper

5
11

Aluminium cans

5
8

Glass

2
5

Scrap

3
4

(a) Is the rational number expressing the amount of paper recycled

1
1
more than
or less than ?
2
2
RATIONAL NUMBERS

25

MATHEMATICS
1
?
2
(c) Is the quantity of aluminium cans recycled more (or less) than

(b) Which items have a recycled amount less than

half of the quantity of aluminium cans?

(d) Arrange the rate of recycling the materials from the greatest to
the smallest.
147. The overall width in cm of several wide-screen televisions are 97.28 cm,
98

4
1
cm, 98
cm and 97.94 cm. Express these numbers as rational
9
25

numbers in the form

p
and arrange the widths in ascending order.
q

2
148. Roller Coaster at an amusement park is m high. If a new roller
3
3
coaster is built that is
times the height of the existing coaster,
5
what will be the height of the new roller coaster?

149. Here is a table which gives the information about the total rainfall
for several months compared to the average monthly rains of a town.
p
Write each decimal in the form of rational number .
q
Month

Above/Below
normal (in cm)

May

2.6924

June

0.6096

July

6.9088

August

8.636

150. The average life expectancies of males for several states are shown in
the table. Express each decimal in the form

p
and arrange the
q

states from the least to the greatest male life expectancy.

State-wise data are included below; more indicators can be found in
the FACTFILE section on the homepage for each state.

26

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

UNIT-1
State

Male

Andhra Pradesh
Assam
Bihar
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Orissa
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal

61.6
57.1
60.7
61.9
64.1
65.1
62.4
70.6
56.5
64.5
57.6
66.9
59.8
63.7
58.9
62.8

India

60.8

p
form
q

Lowest terms

Source: Registrar General of India (2003) SRS Based Abridged Lefe Tables. SRS Analytical
Studies, Report No. 3 of 2003, New Delhi: Registrar General of India. The data are
for the 1995-99 period; states subsequently divided are therefore included in their
pre-partition states (Chhatisgarh in MP, Uttaranchal in UP and Jharkhand in
Bihar)

7
1
cm long has a hem of 3 cm. How long will the
8
8
skirt be if the hem is let down?

151. A skirt that is 35

152. Manavi and Kuber each receives an equal allowance. The table shows
the fraction of their allowance each deposits into his/her saving
account and the fraction each spends at the mall. If allowance of
each is Rs. 1260 find the amount left with each.
Where money goes

Fraction of allowance
Manavi

Kuber

Saving Account

1
2

1
3

Spend at mall

1
4

3
5

Left over

RATIONAL NUMBERS

27

MATHEMATICS
(D) Games

and

Puzzles
70

21

25 24

1. Given below is a magic square. Place the numbers 95 , 133 , 95 , 38

in the appropriate squares so that sum in each row, column and
diagonal is equal.

32
38
18
57
22
38
1
19

18
38

4
38

16
38

45
57

14
38
104
152
20
95
60
114

Hint: (Rewrite each rational number in its lowest term.)

2. Solve the given crossword filling up the given boxes. Clues are
given below for across as well as downward filling. Also, for across
and down clues, clue number is written at the corner of the boxes.
Answers of clues have to be filled in their respective boxes.

28

Down 1:

2
-5
and
are _______ numbers.
3
4

Down 2:

The _______ inverse of

Down 3:

The addition and multiplication of whole number integers

and rational numbers is _________.

Down 4:

Since

Down 5:

The number line extends _______ on both the sides.

Down 6:

The _______ of two integers may not lead to the formation

of another integer.

Down 7:

The multiplication of a number by its reciprocal

gives_______.

Down 8:

Rational numbers can be represented on a _______ line.

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

a
a
is
.
b
b

1
doesnt exist hence 0 has no ________.
0

UNIT-1
Across 1: There are _______ rational numbers between two integers.
Across 2: The multiplication of rational numbers is commutative and
______.
Across 3: The addition and ______ of two rational numbers lead to
the formation of another rational number.
Across 4: All the positive integers excluding 0 are known as _______
numbers.
Across 5: For any rational a ; a 0 is _______.
Across 6: Reciprocal is also known as the multiplicative
_____________.

RATIONAL NUMBERS

29

MATHEMATICS
3. Break the Code
Solve this riddle by reducing each rational number to its lowest
term. The magnitude of the numerator of rational number so obtained
gives you the letter you have to encircle in the word following it. Use
the encircled letters to fill in the blanks given below:
S.No.

Rational Number

(1)

- 12
30

SPIN

(2)

- 24
36

TYPE

(3)

39
52

WITH

(4)

48
144

HOST

(5)

27
90

SHARP

(6)

34
170

GAIN

(7)

76
95

PROOF

(8)

46
- 92

RAIN

(9)

29
116

AWAY

(10)

14
42

SWEET

_____ _____
1
2

30

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

_____
3

_____
4

_____
5

Lowest Term

_____
6

_____
7

Word

_____
8

____
9

____
10

UNIT-1

2 1
-
5 2

1
( 2 )

3
5

1
(12 )

2
5

1 2
1
( (
3 5
2

1
3

(2)

4
1
6
3
3

3 1
+ (2)
4 12

1
3

Its
reciprocal

+ Its additive
identity

Its multiplicative
inverse

Its multiplicative
inverse

(
Its additive
inverse

3
4

(25 +203

1
3

ONE

RATIONAL NUMBERS

31

MATHEMATICS
Rough

32

EXEMPLAR PROBLEMS

Work