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    Nutritional Requirements Requirements

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    The document discusses the nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture, which include inorganic nutrients, a carbon source, vitamins, growth regulators, a solidifying agent, amino acids, and undefined supplements. The major inorganic nutrients are calcium, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Sucrose is commonly used as the carbon source. Agar is typically used as the solidifying agent to solidify the medium. Common tissue culture media include Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium. Environmental factors like genotype, explant source, medium composition, temperature, humidity, and light also influence plant tissue culture.

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    Nutritional Requirements Requirements

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    AnandKuttiyan
    12K views4 pages
    The document discusses the nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture, which include inorganic nutrients, a carbon source, vitamins, growth regulators, a solidifying agent, amino acids, and undefined supplements. The major inorganic nutrients are calcium, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Sucrose is commonly used as the carbon source. Agar is typically used as the solidifying agent to solidify the medium. Common tissue culture media include Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium. Environmental factors like genotype, explant source, medium composition, temperature, humidity, and light also influence plant tissue culture.

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    The document discusses the nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture, which include inorganic nutrients, a carbon source, vitamins, growth regulators, a solidifying agent, amino acids, and undefined supplements. The major inorganic nutrients are calcium, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Sucrose is commonly used as the carbon source. Agar is typically used as the solidifying agent to solidify the medium. Common tissue culture media include Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium. Environmental factors like genotype, explant source, medium composition, temperature, humidity, and light also influence plant tissue culture.

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    12K views4 pages

    Nutritional Requirements Requirements

    Uploaded by

    AnandKuttiyan
    The document discusses the nutritional requirements for plant tissue culture, which include inorganic nutrients, a carbon source, vitamins, growth regulators, a solidifying agent, amino acids, and undefined supplements. The major inorganic nutrients are calcium, iron, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sulfur. Sucrose is commonly used as the carbon source. Agar is typically used as the solidifying agent to solidify the medium. Common tissue culture media include Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium and Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) medium. Environmental factors like genotype, explant source, medium composition, temperature, humidity, and light also influence plant tissue culture.

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    LECTURE 03

    NUTRITIONAL REQUIREMENTS
    Requirements
    1. Inorganic nutrients
    2. Carbon / Energy source
    3. Vitamins
    4. Plant growth regulators (Auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abcicsins,ethylene,
    polyamines , organic acids)
    5. Solidifying agent
    6. Amino acids
    7. Undefined supplements, and jasmonates
    1. Inorganic nutrients
    A relatively small number of mineral salts are used as component of media for
    plant tissue culture. The inorganic salt formulations can vary in various reported media,
    however MS formulation is most widely used with or without modifications.
    Major elements

    Calcium
    Iron
    Magnesium
    Nitrogen
    Phosphorus
    Potassium
    Sulfur

    Minor elements
    Minor elements are required only in extremly small quantities. They are also
    called trace elements or micro-nutrients. Several trace elements are toxic to plants in
    excess amounts.
    Boron
    Chlorine
    Cobalt
    Copper
    Iodine
    Manganese
    Molybdenum
    Zinc

    2. Carbon/Energy source
    Carbohydrates
    Carbohydrates include such organic chemicals as sugars, starches, and cellulose
    and are made of C, H, and O. These elements are generously supplied as carbon dioxide
    (CO2) in air and as water (H2O).
    i.

    sucrose

    ii.

    D-Mannitol

    iii.

    D-Sorbitol

    iv.

    Hexitols

    3. Vitamins

    Adenine

    D-Biotin

    Folic acid

    Inositol

    Nicotinic acid

    P-aminobenzoic acid

    Pyridoxine

    Riboflavin

    Thiamine

    L-Ascorbic acid

    -tocopherol

    4. Growth regulators

    auxin

    cytokinins

    gibberellins

    abscisic acid

    5. Solidifying agent

    Commonly used solidifying agent is agar. Agar is mixture of polysaccharides


    derived from extracts of several species of red algae.Six to eight grams of agar per liter of
    medium is usually satisfactory, but gel strength will vary with the medium formula being
    used and the source and grade of agar.
    6. Aminoacids

    L-Alanine

    L-Arginine

    L-Asparagine

    L-Serine

    7. Undefined supplements

    coconut milk

    corn milk

    potato extract

    tomato juice

    yeast extract

    Physical form of medium- solid and liquid media


    Solidified Medium
    Explants are easily seen and recovered
    No Special aeration
    Shoots grow in more orderly
    Long term maintenance
    Simple containers little space
    Liquid medium
    Recovery is difficult.
    Usually shaken, rotated/aerated
    Growth is disoriented
    Advantages:
    Callus break up and shed as cells to establish a fine suspension
    Faster rate of multiplication

    A greater surface of explants is in contact with medium.


    Toxic metabolites will effectively be dispersed.
    Disadvantages:
    Seeds would not germinate; protocorms and plantlets became brown and dried.
    Seeds submerged will show vitrification.
    Commonly used tissue culture media
    MS (Murashige and Skoog, 1962) and LS (Linsmaier and Skoog, 1972) for plant
    regeneration of both monocots and dicots
    B5 (Gamborg et al., 1969) developed for culture of soybean cell suspensions but also has
    been effectively used for methods of plant regeneration. B5 and its various derivatives
    have been valuable for cell and protoplast cultures.
    SH: Schenk and Hildebrandt (1972) introduced this for culture of monocots and dicots, .
    Widely used especially for legumes.
    WPM: Lloyd and McCown (1980,1981). This is post MS media.. WPM is increasingly
    used for propagation of Ornamental shrubs and trees in commercial labs.
    N6 (Chu) was developed for cereal anther culture and used in the success in other cereal
    anther culture. In special cases , NN (Nitsch and Nitsch) was also used.
    Environmental factors influencing plant tissue culture
    Genotype and Explant:
    Medium: (i)Nutrients, (ii)Growth regulators and (iii)Other additives
    Culture Environment: (i) Temperature, (ii) Relative Humidity (RH) and (iii) Light

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