Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 22 views

    Presentation 7.0 Regional V1.0 Student Version

    Uploaded by

    cindyn_46
    -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Presentation 7.0 Regional V1.0 Student Version

    Uploaded by

    cindyn_46
    22 views47 pages
    -

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    22 views47 pages

    Presentation 7.0 Regional V1.0 Student Version

    Uploaded by

    cindyn_46
    -

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 47

    7-1

    Groundwater and the


    Hydrological Cycle, Part I
    Regional Groundwater Flow
    Reference Schwartz and Zhang
    Chapter 8
    Portions by permission of John Hermance, 2007
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-2

    Lesson Objectives
    Components of the hydrologic cycle,
    specifically regional groundwater flow and
    what controls it.
    How to interpret output from a numericalcomputer model
    Basic recharge calculations from flow nets

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-3

    Aspects of the Hydrologic Cycle


    The saturated and unsaturated zones:
    Groundwater
    Surface water; the land surface
    Atmosphere

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-4

    Source: Todd and Mays (2005)

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-5

    Early Work
    Hubbert, Toth

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-6

    S&Z (2003) Figure 8.2

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-7

    (Source: Fig. 7.1; Fetter, 2001; after


    Hubbert, 1941.)

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-8

    Water table is a subdued replica


    Recharge in upland and discharge in lowland
    Steady flow field, axes of symmetry, hinge lines

    (Source: Fig. 7.1; Fetter, 2001; after


    Hubbert, 1941.)

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-9

    Toth Simulations
    First attempts at analytic solution for
    regional flow in 60s

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-10

    Mathematical problem solved by Toth

    Schwartz and Zhang (2003) Figure 8.3


    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-11

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-12

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-13

    Two Examples of Local, Intermediate


    and Regional Flow Patterns.

    Allan D. Woodbury (2011)


    (Source: Fig. Portions
    7.4; Fetter,
    2001.)

    7-14

    DlL ratio is 1:20 and lower is 1:2

    What factors affect the partitioning of flow among


    local, intermediate and regional patterns ?

    Allan D. Woodbury (2011)


    (Source: Fig. Portions
    7.4; Fetter,
    2001.)

    7-15

    Source: Fetter (2001)

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-16

    Question: Does the spatial wavelength or the


    amplitude, or both, affect the partitioning among
    local, intermediate and regional flow patterns?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)


    (Source: Fig. 7.5; Fetter,
    2001.)

    7-17

    Amplitude of the undulations cause more penetration of local systems


    and overides regional slopes
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)
    (Source: Fig. 7.5; Fetter,
    2001.)

    7-18

    Toth Results
    Extended flat area, groundwater flow is
    very slow
    When local relief (hills) is small, a general
    slope across will create regional flow
    Local flow develops when local relief is
    well defined
    Flow velocities in local flow system much
    greater that regional flow system
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-19

    More Recent
    Freeze & Witherspoon

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-20

    Effects of Basin Geology


    Freeze and Witherspoon simulations
    More advanced analytic solutions

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    Local Topography

    7-21

    Absence of local topography causes regional flow to develop

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    Source: Schwartz and Zhang (2003) Figure 8.9

    7-22

    K contrasts; aquifers

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-23

    Effects of
    lenticular bodies

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    Freeze and Witherspoon


    Results

    7-24

    Effects of more realistic topography


    Buried aquifers
    pinched out aquifers
    Many other implications not covered

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    Modern Numerical Simulations


    Regional Flow

    7-25

    Slides 26 39 courtesy of Dr. John


    Hermance
    Numerical simulations (finite difference)
    can capture even more realistic
    topography and boundary conditions

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-26

    Boundary conditions?
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-27

    Flow-net in color.
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-28

    Note: No flow directions.


    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-29

    Example of flow direction.


    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-30

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-31

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-32

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-33

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-34

    A Close-up View.

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-35

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-36

    Utility of Piezometers.

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-37

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-38

    Not always a correlation between elevation of


    watertable and depth of water in a piezometer.
    Nested piezometers can provide local flow
    direction.

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-39

    Groundwater Recharge
    Infiltration will be discussed later
    Recharge occurs at the water table and is
    the amount of water replenishing the
    groundwater component
    Water required to maintain the water table
    at current position
    Old thinking: spatially and temporally
    constant value (never changes)
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-40

    Recharge Calculations
    Use basic flow net methodology
    More on recharge and infiltration

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-41

    Estimation of recharge

    Rule of thumb, R = 5% of precipitation (crude)


    Estimate from flow net, see above. Flow exiting from area
    B, 8 flow tubes, gives 12.2 cubic m/day
    Adapted Schwartz and Zhang (2003) Figure 8.23
    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-42

    Solved Problems
    Problems 1 - 4

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-43

    Lesson Review
    What are recharge, discharge zones?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-44

    Lesson Review
    How are flow systems categorized?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-45

    Lesson Review
    Considering the last question and length of
    flow paths; where would the best place be
    (on the topography) for a toxic waste site?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-46

    Lesson Review
    Where to you think that most, if not all,
    toxic waste and landfills are constructed
    (w/r) to flow systems?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    7-47

    Lesson Review
    How can you estimate (or calculate)
    recharge into a groundwater system?

    Portions Allan D. Woodbury (2011)

    You might also like