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    Computer Network (Asignment No.1)

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    Amber Sonu
    The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. While errors between network nodes can be detected at the data link layer, errors within a node cannot. The transport layer provides additional error checking. When a packet's destination address is corrupted, it will be discarded, and the source may be notified to resend. If the destination port address does not have an active process, it will cause an error and the packet will need to be retransmitted.

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    Computer Network (Asignment No.1)

    Uploaded by

    Amber Sonu
    366 views3 pages
    The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. While errors between network nodes can be detected at the data link layer, errors within a node cannot. The transport layer provides additional error checking. When a packet's destination address is corrupted, it will be discarded, and the source may be notified to resend. If the destination port address does not have an active process, it will cause an error and the packet will need to be retransmitted.

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    Computer Network(Asignment No.1)

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    The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. While errors between network nodes can be detected at the data link layer, errors within a node cannot. The transport layer provides additional error checking. When a packet's destination address is corrupted, it will be discarded, and the source may be notified to resend. If the destination port address does not have an active process, it will cause an error and the packet will need to be retransmitted.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOC, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as doc, pdf, or txt
    366 views3 pages

    Computer Network (Asignment No.1)

    Uploaded by

    Amber Sonu
    The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) created the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, which defines seven layers of network communication. While errors between network nodes can be detected at the data link layer, errors within a node cannot. The transport layer provides additional error checking. When a packet's destination address is corrupted, it will be discarded, and the source may be notified to resend. If the destination port address does not have an active process, it will cause an error and the packet will need to be retransmitted.

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    of 3

    Chapter: No.

    2 (Exercise Questions Assigned: 15 to 25)


    Q: 15: How are OSI and ISO related to each other?
    Ans: The International Standards Organization, or the International Organization of
    Standards, (ISO) is a multinational body dedicated to worldwide agreement on International standards. An ISO standard that covers all aspects of network communications is
    the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.
    Q: 16: If the data link layer can detect errors between hops, why do you think we need
    another checking mechanism at the transport layer?
    Ans: The errors between the nodes can be detected by the data link layer control, but the
    error at the node (between input port and output port) of the node cannot be detected by
    the data link layer.
    Q: 17: In Figure 2.22, computer A sends a message to computer D via LANl, router Rl,
    and LAN2. Show the contents of the packets and frames at the network and data link
    layer for each hop interface.
    Ans:
    Figure 2.22

    Q: 18: Suppose a computer sends a packet at the network layer to another computer
    some-where in the Internet. The logical destination address of the packet is corrupted.
    What happens to the packet? How can the source computer be informed of the situation?
    Ans: The receiver acknowledges packets it has received, and if the sender doesn't get an
    acknowledgment, it will eventually re-send the doubtful packet. Moreover, before using
    the destination address in an intermediate or the destination node, the packet goes through
    error checking that may help the node find the corruption (with a high probability) and
    discard the packet. Normally the upper layer protocol will inform the source to resend the
    packet.
    Q: 19: Match the following to one or more layers of the OSl model:
    a. Communicates directly with user's application program
    b. Error correction and retransmission

    c. Mechanical, electrical, and functional interface


    d. Responsibility for carrying frames between adjacent nodes
    Ans:
    a. Application layer
    b. Transport layer
    c. Physical layer
    d. Data link layer
    Q: 20: Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model:
    a. Format and code conversion services
    b. Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions
    c. Ensures reliable transmission of data
    d. Log-in and log-out procedures
    e. Provides independence from differences in data representation
    Ans:
    a. Presentation layer
    b. Session layer
    c. Data link and transport layers
    d. Session layer
    e. Presentation layer
    Q: 21: Suppose a computer sends a frame to another computer on a bus topology LAN.
    The physical destination address of the frame is corrupted during the transmission. What
    happens to the frame? How can the sender be informed about the situation?
    Ans: If the physical destination address of the frame is corrupted during the transmission
    then after propagation, the frame will die away. In this case sender will not be able to get
    info about the frame being lost.
    Q: 22:In Figure 2.22, assume that the communication is between a process running at
    computer A with port address i and a process running at computer D with port address j.
    Show the contents of packets and frames at the network, data link, and transport layer for
    each hop.
    Ans:
    Figure 2.22

    Q: 23: Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model:
    a. Route determination
    b. Flow control
    c. Interface to transmission media
    d. Provides access for the end user
    Ans:
    a. Network layer
    b. Data link layer
    c. Physical layer
    d. Application layer
    Q: 24: Match the following to one or more layers of the OSI model:
    a. Reliable process-to-process message delivery
    b. Route selection
    c. Defines frames
    d. Provides user services such as e-mail and file transfer
    e. Transmission of bit stream across physical medium
    Ans:
    a. Transport layer
    b. Network layer
    c. Data link layer
    d. Application layer
    e. Physical layer
    Q: 25: Suppose a computer sends a packet at the transport layer to another computer
    somewhere in the Internet. There is no process with the destination port address running
    at the destination computer. What will happen?
    Ans: when a computer sends a packet at the transport layer, the sending transport layer
    makes it sure that the entire message arrives at the receiving transport layer without error
    (damage, loss, or duplication). So, in the given scenario where there is no process with
    the destination port address running at the destination computer cause error. Now the
    error correction will usually be made or achieved through retransmission.

    END

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