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    Patterns of Allophony

    Uploaded by

    Peter Clark
    By William S. Annis A collection of common allophones taken from PBase database. A useful document for conlangers who wish to exploreallophones, sound changes, and related phonemic processes.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Patterns of Allophony

    Uploaded by

    Peter Clark
    105 views6 pages
    By William S. Annis A collection of common allophones taken from PBase database. A useful document for conlangers who wish to exploreallophones, sound changes, and related phonemic processes.

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    By William S. Annis A collection of common allophones taken from PBase database. A useful document for conlangers who wish to exploreallophones, sound changes, and related phonemic processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    105 views6 pages

    Patterns of Allophony

    Uploaded by

    Peter Clark
    By William S. Annis A collection of common allophones taken from PBase database. A useful document for conlangers who wish to exploreallophones, sound changes, and related phonemic processes.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Fiat Lingua

    Title: Patterns of Allophony


    Author: William S. Annis
    MS Date: 02-23-2015
    FL Date: 04-01-2015
    FL Number: FL-00002B-00
    Citation: Annis, William S. 2015. "Patterns of Allophony."
    FL-00002B-00, Fiat Lingua,
    <http://fiatlingua.org>. Web. 01 Apr. 2015.
    Copyright: 2015 William S. Annis. This work is licensed
    under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported License.
    http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/

    Fiat Lingua is produced and maintained by the Language Creation Society (LCS). For more information
    about the LCS, visit http://www.conlang.org/

    Patterns of Allophony
    William S. Annis
    February 23, 2015
    This is a small collection of common allophones taken from the PBase database1 , presented
    as graphs. In making these graphs I have focused on selecting patterns that occur more than
    once, or which are part of a larger pattern that occurs more than once. For example, in some
    languages /l/ will present as [d] after nasals. In fewer languages both /r/ and /l/ will do this, so
    I include them both. I have tried to leave out one-off exotica, but one or two might have slipped
    through if they struck me as especially interesting.
    I have omitted certain very common changes. For example, voicing assimilation of any kind
    is left out for consonant clusters, and do I not include either nasal assimilation or word-final
    devoicing. I have also left out all patterns of deletion, which are also largely predictable (as
    codas, word-finally, etc.).
    Reading the Graphs
    Arrows indicate the direction of change. The environment in which the change occurs is indicated by the grey text to the left of the line. So, in the selection below, note that /t/ becomes []
    before /p/, /t/, and /k/, but becomes the glottal stop [] word finally.

    The environments are given in fairly standard notation: C is a consonant, V a vowel, N any nasal
    consonant, # is a word boundary, and the underline represents the sound itself. Curly braces
    enclose a set of phonemes. So, the notation _# marks a change that occurs at the end of a word,
    _{w,j}V marks a change that occurs when the sound is followed by either /w/ or /j/ and then a
    vowel, and #_{i,e} marks a change that happens at the start of a word and followed by either /i/
    or /e/.
    1

    ?iiT,ffT#b2X#`Q?MX+f[m2`v

    _V
    _V

    _{b,m,r}

    _jV,
    _{m,n},
    _a,
    _C#

    _{h, }u

    _r,
    _N,
    C_C,
    _C#,
    _{w, k}

    _#
    _Xa

    _i,
    {h, }_

    _{p,f,m}

    {t,}_

    {k, w}_{k, w},


    _j,
    _{e,o},
    _#

    _N

    _#,
    _{j,h,}, a_
    _j

    _{h,m,w},
    _{,w},
    {p,f,m,w}_{p,f,m,w},
    _{p,f,m}

    {t,z}_,
    _w

    _{k,g,r,w},
    {k,g,r,w}_

    V_V

    _N

    _{e,o}

    _jV

    _{w,j,h},
    _{},
    _#

    _jV,
    _{m,n},
    _C#,
    _a

    _t{o,u}

    {,}_

    _{l,r},
    _CC,
    _C#

    _{k,x,l,r},
    _r{t,d,s}

    _{t,s,n},
    _CC,
    _#

    {,h}_,
    _{,h}

    C_C

    _N

    _{w,j}{i,u}

    _CC,
    _C#

    _t{o,u}

    {k, w}_{k, w},


    _r,
    _N,
    {t,,j}_
    C_C,
    _CC,
    _C#

    _V _N

    w_, _w,
    _t{o,u}

    a_

    w_{b,g,m,,w},
    {k,w}_{k,w},
    w_C

    _N

    V_V

    _N,
    _#

    p
    _N,
    _{p,t,k} N_,
    V_V

    _{p,t,k} _#

    V_V

    _{o,u}

    _{u,o,},
    V_V,
    _#

    _{o,u},
    V_V

    _{u,o,}

    _{u,o,},
    {o,u}_V

    {i,e}_V

    _#

    V_V,
    _{p,t,k}

    _#

    _#

    _N,
    N_,
    V_V

    {a,o}_,
    _{i,e},
    {a,}_{a,},
    {i,e}_
    _{a,}
    q

    V_V V_V

    _#

    _#

    a_V

    _#

    _{i,e},
    {i,e}_

    _# _{i,e}

    _#

    _{u,o,},
    {o,u}_V,
    #_

    _#,
    #_,
    _{i,u}

    V_V,
    _{p,t,k},
    _{d,z,n,l,r,j}
    {i,e}_V

    _#

    _C,
    _#

    _#

    _{p,t,k}

    _N

    V_V,
    _{w,j}
    _N,
    _#

    _N,
    N_,
    V_V
    d

    V_V _{p,t,k}

    _#

    _t

    _t,
    _{i,u}

    V_V,
    N_,
    _N
    dz

    _{i,j}

    _{d,dz,g}

    V_V

    _{i,e}

    V_V

    V_V _{i,e}

    _{i,j}

    {i,e}_V

    _t

    _{i,j} _{i,e}

    V_V

    ts

    _t

    _{i,e}

    _t,
    _C

    _N,
    V_V,
    _{b,d,g}

    N_,
    #_{o,u}

    N_,
    _{s,z,,}

    V_V _{s,z,,}

    _{o,u}

    _{s,z}

    ts

    V_V

    _s

    _{p,t,k,},
    _s,
    _{i,u}, _{k,t,p},
    {i,u}_
    N_

    _{o,u}

    _{t,n}

    _w

    N_

    _{i,e},
    N_,
    _k{i,j},
    {p,t,k,w,}
    _{t,d,,}

    _{t,n}

    _w

    _{i,e},
    i_V

    _{s,z,,}

    V_V,
    _{o,u}

    N_

    m_,
    _{s,z,,}

    _{o,u}

    V_a

    _n,
    n_

    _m

    _n

    m
    V_a

    N_
    pf

    _{i,e},
    _{t,d,,}

    _{s,z,,}
    d

    _{u,o,}

    _{i,e,j}

    N_,
    _{s,z,,}

    _{i,e,}

    _i

    V_V _{w,j}V
    b
    _{c,,,j}

    _{c,,,j},
    n_
    _{i,e}
    b

    _i

    {b,d,v}_,
    N_

    _{w,j}V
    g

    N_,
    _N

    #_u

    V_{o,u}

    #_{,,a},
    _{w,j}
    _N

    N_,
    _{o,,u}
    #_{i,e}

    _V[+nasal]

    {t,f,s}_

    n_

    w
    _#,
    _{i,e}

    {i,u,a}_{i,u,a},
    _#,
    V_i

    V_V

    p_

    {i,u,a}_{i,u,a},
    _#

    m_

    V_V

    _C,
    _{w,j}

    b_

    _w

    V_V

    _{p,t,k,s,h,,w}

    _{t,d,s,,z,,l,n}

    _{k,k}

    N_,

    _{u,o,a},
    _{w,j}

    _{w,j}V

    _{t,ts,s,r},#_{i,e,a},
    _n

    n_

    #_{i,e,} _V[+nasal],
    _{i,u}
    _n

    N_,

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