Monopersulfate Compound Applications

Denture Cleansers
Paper Recycling
Pools and Spa
Printed Circuit Board Etching
Laundry Bleach
Shrinkproofing Wool
Environmental Applications

The high oxidation potential of Oxone is useful in a wide variety of products and processes, especially
those in which the convenience of a solid product is required. Oxone can be blended with many additives;
however, all ingredients used with Oxone must be anhydrous or must hold hydrated water tightly;
stability testing of each blend is essential.
Since Oxone is acidic, it is usually blended with sufficient alkaline salts to buffer it to near-neutral or
slightly alkaline pH when compounded into cleaners.
Denture Cleansers
Denture cleanser formulations containing at least 25% Oxone provide excellent decolorization of food
and other organic stains. Formulations usually include sodium perborate monohydrate, sodium carbonate
and/or bicarbonate, and may also include citric acid, EDTA or DTPA chelants, flavor/fragrance, and food
color. Cleansers are often tabletted, but may be delivered in granulated form as sachets. The long shelf life
of these products requires moisture barrier packaging materials such as a metal or plastic tube or a heatsealed wrap of flexible reverse printed polyester laminated to foil which is extrusion coated with a sealant
layer of Surlyn ionomer resin.
Pool and Spa
Pool and Spa Shock
Oxone is used as an auxiliary oxidant (shocking agent) in swimming pools and spas for the purpose of
reducing the organic content of the water. Treatment with Oxone on a regular weekly basis improves the
efficiency of sanitizing chemicals such as chlorine or bromine by oxidizing and eliminating contaminant
waste, and restores sparkle and clarity to pool and spa water. Since Oxone contains no chlorine, it will not
combine with organic contaminants to produce chloramines or generate irritating chloramine odors.
Oxone is gentle on pool surfaces. It dissolves quickly and completely and will not bleach or fade vinyl
liners or painted surfaces. The excellent solubility of Oxone makes it easy to use -- simply broadcast it
uniformly over the pool water surface. Unlike chlorine-based shocking agents that superchlorinate the pool,
Oxone does not increase the chlorine level; therefore, the pool need not be closed except for a short
period to fully circulate the Oxone.
In this application Oxone is not a disinfectant and must be used in addition to an EPA (FIFRA) registered
disinfectant.
Pool and Spa Disinfectant
Oxone can also be used as one part of a two-part disinfection system for spas and hot tubs with sodium
bromide. In these systems, Oxone oxidizes, or activates, bromide ion to bromine, which rapidly forms the
active sanitizer, hypobromous acid. Upon reaction with bacteria or other pool or spa water contaminants,
hypobromous acid is reduced back to bromide ion. Bromide ion can be activated over and over again, thus
recycling the active bromine sanitizer.

This two-part disinfectant system has been EPA (FIFRA) registered by several manufacturers of swimming
pool chemicals; such registration is necessary before offering disinfectants for sale in the United States.
Other jurisdictions may require additional registrations.
For this use, it may be desirable to neutralize the acidity of Oxone by formulation with an anhydrous
alkaline salt such as sodium carbonate. A mixture of 80% Oxone / 20% sodium carbonate by weight gives
a neutral pH. Dilution to control dosage may be done with anhydrous sodium sulfate.
Paper Recycling
Oxone is a convenient and effective processing aid for repulping internal broke or a secondary fiber
furnish*. Paper products containing polyimine/polyamide wet strength resins can be effectively repulped to
make the same grade paper. Oxone use has been demonstrated on a variety of sanitary, food, packaging,
and specialty papers containing wet strength resin and made from different furnishes.
Unlike chlorine-based repulping agents, Oxone does not produce absorbable organic halogens (AOX) or
other chlorinated organics. It also does not degrade the fiber or darken mechanical pulp. It is easier to
handle and does not require any additional storage or delivery equipment. Under optimum conditions,
Oxone reacts rapidly, thereby reducing the repulping time and increasing the productivity of the pulper. It
is effective under commonly found pulping conditions.
Oxone can also be used to repulp certain colored papers, including decolorization of dyes. Dye
destruction generally requires use of an additional reactant which is added to the repulper separately.
Oxone can be delivered to the repulper either in specially designed repulpable bags or by using an
automated system fed from a bulk bag of Oxone. Either method can provide accurate dosing to the
repulper and minimizes handling by operating personnel.
Printed Circuit Board Etching
Oxone is used as a microetchant for cleaning and preparing copper printed wiring board surfaces. The
superior etching performance of Oxone is useful in plated-through-hole production in pattern and panel
plating, inner layer bonding, and prior to photoresist or solder mask application. This microetchant is used
in both dip and spray cleaning of inner layer copper surfaces, and results in a sharply defined etch with
greatly expanded surface area to assist in pre-lamination, pre-oxide, and pre-plating operations. Etch rates
from 0.25 - 2.5 m/min (10 - 100 in/min) can be obtained by varying the Oxone concentration, acid
concentration, and temperature.
Oxone offers advantages over other mild etch solutions in etch rate control, consistency of etch rate over
a long period of time, and in waste treatment.
Wool Shrinkproofing
Oxone is used as an oxidizer for the treatment of wool to prepare it for the application of shrinkproofing
resins. In this application, Oxone disrupts the surface of the wool and oxidizes cystine linkages in the
cuticle to give it anionic character which is ideal for attracting polyacrylic and polyamide resins, with less
damage to the wool than chlorine processing, and without the environmental damage associated with
chlorine use.
Laundry Bleach
Oxone is an effective low-temperature non-chlorine laundry bleach when formulated to provide at least
25 ppm of active oxygen in the wash water. Conventional anhydrous alkalis and fillers can be used to attain
a pH of 9 - 10, and to control dose. Oxone can be used with colors; however, care must be taken to
completely dissolve Oxone before contact with damp fabrics to avoid dye damage.
Environmental
Oxidation of Reduced Sulfur
Oxone can be used to oxidize hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in waste streams. This provides a convenient
method of de-odorizing a waste stream (or stack via scrubbing) without the necessity of on-site
manufacture or handling of hazardous chemicals such as Caro's acid. Other reduced sulfur compounds,

such as mercaptans, sulfides, disulfides, and sulfites may also be oxidized. Analytical testing must be used
to determine the effect on the waste stream.
Oxidation of Cyanide
Cyanide in waste streams from metal plating or mining operations can be oxidized rapidly using Oxone.
For dilute or small volume waste streams, an Oxone -based waste treatment process can be convenient
and economical.