USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

8-1

8 OUTPUT
The results of USFOS analyses are

Ultimate collapse load or critical collapse temperature

Energy absorption
Load displacement relations at any nodal point
Element forces at all load levels
Formation of plastic hinges
Redistribution of forces

The results may be studied directly from the Analysis Print File, or by running the postprocessing module
POSTFOS. In addition, selected data are written directly to terminal or batch-out stream.
All results tables, plots and figures of this section are results from USFOS analysis of the test frame
presented in Section 11.3 /7/.

8.1

OUTPUT TO ANALYSIS PRINT FILE

The Analysis Print file is a symbolic file generated during USFOS nonlinear analysis. The file contains
input verification data and analysis results at each load step.
The amount of print is controlled by the user through the parameters inprint and outprint governing input
verification print and analysis output, respectively (Section 6.3.B).

8.1.1

Analysis Identification

The program identification and analysis heading (Section 6.3.A) are written to the top of the file, with data
and time of analysis.

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

8-2

XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

Version 3.3 / Release 89-08-25

SINTEF div of Structural Engineering
- Analysis initiated at 89-09-15
12:05:58

U S F O S
S I N T E F

Figure 8.1

8.1.2

Z A Y A s FRAME
progressive collapse analysis
div of Structural Engineering

Print file heading

Input Verification

The amount of input verification data is governed by the input parameter inprint (Section 6.3.B).
The minimum amount of print is shown in Figure 8.2. This is key-parameters, load control data,
displacement control data and element imperfection data (if any).
Additional input verification data is

Structural Data
Nodal point data
Element data
Local coordinate system data
Material data
Spring characteristics
Cross sectional data

Load Data
Nodal point loads
Distributed element loads
Gravity loads

Internal F.E.M parameters

Nodal degrees of freedom
Element degrees of freedom
Nodal point connectivity

An example of structural data is shown in Figure 8.3.

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output
======

8-3

A N A L Y S I S

U S F O S
S I N T E F

------

------

------

P A R A M E T E R S

Z A Y A s FRAME
progressive collapse analysis
div of Structural Engineering

Number of input lines read

220

Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number
Number

=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=

13
23
0
0
0
0
3
5
0
0
0
23
0
0
1
0
0
1
15

of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of
of

nodal points
structural elements
springs to ground
shell property elements
overlaps
damaged elements
materials
cross sections
spring characteristics
linear dependencies
element imperfection groups
local element coord. systems
local nodal coord. systems
eccentricity vectors
load cases
temperature fields
load combinations
control nodes
steps in post-collapse

Numerical accuracy equation solver

=
Numerical accuracy interaction surface =

1.00E-20
1.00E-01

Combined shape function,

load level
Max recalculations due to unloading
Elastic spring-back introduced at CSTF
Local dent formulation used
Restart data stored at intervals

.050
5
1.20E+00

L O A D

C O N T R O L

D A T A

=
=
>
=

Load
scaling
factor

Max.
load
level

Max.
no. of
steps

Min.
displ.
step

1
1
1
1

1.000
.500
.050
.100

5.000
6.500
.000
8.000

0
0
20
40

.010
.010
.005
.010

D I S P L A C E M E N T

C O N T R O L

External
node
no.

Global
displacement
direction

Displacement
weight
factor

1.000

A L L O C A T E D

D A T A

------

USFOS
load
comb.

S P A C E

Integer
data

Real
data

Total

200000

2500000

Used

10743

19747

Max no. of elements to develop

plastic hinges at mid-span is
(requires additional data storage)

Figure 8.2

======

------

------

4305

Input verification
MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

-----

8-4

N O D A L

NPEX

NP

1
2
3
:
11
12
13

1
2
3
:
11
12
13

-----

P O I N T

D A T A

-----

.000000
1.524000
3.048000
:
3.048000
.000000
3.048000

.000000
.000000
.000000
:
.000000
.000000
.000000

E L E M E N T

D A T A

BOUN.COND.

8.382000
8.382000
8.382000
:
.762000
.000000
.000000

X X X X
X X X X

X
X

-----

ELEX

ELNO

ELTYP

GEOM

MATER

NP1

NP2

LCOOR

ECCEN1

ECCEN2

1
2
3
:
21
22
23

1
2
3
:
21
22
23

BEAM
BEAM
BEAM
:
BEAM
BEAM
BEAM

4
4
4
:
1
1
1

1
1
1
:
2
2
2

6
7
4
:
8
10
11

5
6
6
:
11
12
13

1
2
3
:
21
22
23

0
0
0
:
0
0
0

0
0
0
:
0
0
0

-----

L O C A L

ELEX

LCNO

1
2
3
:
21
22
23

1
2
3
:
21
22
23

----GEO

Figure 8.3

Area

7.101E-03

1.570E-01

S Y S T E M S

LOCAL-Y

.000
.707
.000
.000
.707
.000
.000 -.707
.000
:
:
:
.000 -1.000 -1.000
.000 -1.000 -1.000
.000 -1.000 -1.000

I/H

-----

1
:
3

.707
.707
.707
:
.000
.000
.000

TYP

PIPE

MAT

LOCAL-X

G E O M E T R Y

C O O R D I N A T E

1.000
1.000
1.000
:
.000
.000
.000

----LOCAL-Z

.000
.000
.000
:
.000
.000
.000

P A R A M E T E R S
Ixx

Iyy

Izz

Sect.
mod-x

Sect.
mod-y

Sect.
mod-z

-.707
-.707
.707
:
.000
.000
.000

.000
.000
.000
:
1.000
1.000
1.000

.707
.707
.707
:
.000
.000
.000

-----

Sh. area
y-axis

Sh. area
z-axis

1.782E-04 8.908E-05 8.908E-05

1.125E-03 7.160E-04 7.160E-04 3.552E-03 3.552E-03
:
:

:
:

:
:

1.449E-04 6.045E-02 1.519E-02

3.435E-02 9.372E-02 3.761E-02 8.128E-02 3.418E-02

M A T E R I A L

P A R A M E T E R S

TYP

Youngs
modul.

Poiss.
ratio

Yield
stress

1
:
1

2.100E+11
:
2.100E+11

3.000E-01
:
3.000E-01

2.480E+08
:
3.240E+08

-----

Density

Thermal
expan.

7.850E+03
:
7.850E+03

1.400E-05
:
1.400E-05

Structural data
MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

8.1.3

8-5

Global History Output

The global history output give an overview of the total, global behaviour of the structure during loading.
Load, displacement, energy and structural stiffness are listed at each loadstep, with the formation or
removal of element plastic hinges.
The formation of plastic hinges is listed at each load step. This is of particular interest to determine the
redistribution of forces throughout the structure, and to isolate the elements that trigger the final collapse.
The global history output is shown in Figure 8.4.
========

U S F O S

A N A L Y S I S

Load
step

Load
level

Current
stiff.

Control
displ.

Energy
absorb.

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
5.500
5.923

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

4.380E-03
8.760E-03
1.314E-02
1.752E-02
2.190E-02
2.409E-02
2.595E-02

8.760E+01
3.504E+02
7.885E+02
1.402E+03
2.190E+03
2.650E+03
3.074E+03

6.099

.948

2.676E-02

3.270E+03

6.489

.887

2.869E-02

3.754E+03

1
1

10
11

6.500
6.535

.865
.865

2.874E-02
2.892E-02

3.769E+03
3.815E+03

1
1

12
13

6.585
6.609

.837
.836

2.918E-02
2.931E-02

3.884E+03
3.917E+03

14

6.631

.785

2.943E-02

3.949E+03

========

Figure 8.4

========

Z A Y A s FRAME
progressive collapse analysis
div of Structural Engineering

U S F O S
S I N T E F
USFOS
load
comb.

R E S U L T S

U S F O S

A N A L Y S I S

Elem.
no.

R E S U L T S

Event
type

Event
pos.

PLAST

END1

PLAST

END2

PLAST

END2

PLAST

END1

PLAST

MID

3
1
1
1
2
2

UNLOD
END1
PLAST
END1
PLAST
MID
AXIAL
MID
PLAST
MID
AXIAL
MID
========

Global history output

USFOS load combination

Load step
Load level

:
:

Current stiffness

Load combination number, or basic load case number (Section 4.1

and 6.3.D,F).
Number of times the initial load has been incremented.
Relative load level of the current load combination and load step.
The load level is "local" within each combination, starting from
zero when a new load combination is specified.
Structural stiffness. The initial stiffness is 1.0. Decreasing value
represents a decreasing stiffness in the structure (Section 4.2.1).

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

8-6

Control displacement

Energy absorption

Element number
Event position

:
:

Event type

MIN STEP LENGTH

MAX DISPL INCR

Equivalent displacement of the structure. The displacement is

calculated as a balanced average of selected displacements
(Section 4.2.2 and 6.3.E).
Accumulated external work absorbed by the structure. This is the
total energy of all load combinations.
Element identification number.
Position where a plastic hinge is formed/removed (Section 3.1 and
4.4).
END1:
First element end
END2:
Second element end
MID :
Element midspan
JNT1:
Joint at first element end
JNT2:
Joint at second element end
Change of element status.
YIELD:The forces has reached first yield of the cross section, and
a plastic hinge is formed. (Section 4.3)
PLAST:
The forces has reached the full plastic capacity of
the cross section.
UNLOD:
The element has unloaded and the cross section
has returned to the elastic state.
AXIAL:
The element forces have reached the full plastic
tension capacity of the member. A membrane
element is introduced, accounting for geometric
stiffness of the member.
FRACT:
Fracture is detected in the member.
JOINT: The full capacity of the joint has been reached and the
joint is yielding.
Attempt to scale the load step below the minimum size specified
by the user. (Section 4.2 and 6.3.D)
Load step scaled due to large displacement increments. (Section
4.2 and 6.3.D)

The global history output may also be written to the batch-out stream by specifying terminal print adapted
to batch running (Section 8.2).

8.1.4

Load Step Output

The load step output give more detailed information of the structural response. At each load step the load,
energy and stiffness are listed; interaction function values and status of selected elements; total
displacements of specified nodes and global reaction forces of fixed nodes.
Formation/removal of plastic hinges at each element is commented.
The accumulated displacements are printed for all nodes included in the structure "equivalent
displacement" calculation (Section 4.2.2) by the command CNODES (Section 6.3.E). By specifying a
displacement in CNODES and setting dfact = 0, that displacement will be neglected in the equivalent
displacement, but the nodal displacements will still be printed with the load step output.

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output
Load step

8-7

1 / 19

========

I N C R E M E N T A L
U S F O S
S I N T E F

-------ELEM
1
1
2
3
3
3
3
4
5
5
6
7
7
8
8
9
10
13
20
21
22
23

ES

USFOS load combination no

Load step no.
Load increment scaled to
minimum step length

=
=

Load increment
New load level
Current stiffness parameter

=
=
=

Solution accuracy parameter

Determinant of tangential matrix
Energy absorbtion

=
=
=

Node1

F U N C T I O N

Midspan

-.19(
-.15(

.10)
.17)

-.19(
-.18(

.09)
.11)

-.19(
-.06(

.04)
.06)

-7
7

-.22(
-.25(

.01)
.03)

-.29(
-.29(

.04)
.04)

-.22(
-.23(

.15)
.06)

1
1

-.32(
-.28(

.00)
.00)

-.33( -.01)
-.33( -.01)

-.34( -.02)
-.33( -.01)

-.34( -.03)

-.32(

.00)

-.32(

.00)

5
0
0
0
0
0
0
0

-.31(
-.64(
-.73(
-.60(
-.78(
-.78(
-.51(
-.51(

-.32( .00)
-.72( -.57)
-.70( -.55)
-1.00(-1.00)
-.84( -.78)
-.84( -.78)
-.71( -.60)
-.71( -.60)

-.28(
-.74(
-.64(
-.60(
-.57(
-.57(
-.90(
-.90(

-.02)
-.60)
-.46)
-.50)
-.43)
-.43)
-.84)
-.84)

NODE
1
-------NODE
12
13
TOTAL:
Load step

G L O B A L

T O T A L

1
19

.050
5.939
.409
2.800*E-00005
7.980*E 00523
3.699*E 00003
V A L U E S

Fb(Fy) ---

Node2

5
7

.00)
-.47)
-.58)
-.50)
-.70)
-.70)
-.35)
-.35)

========

Z A Y A s FRAME
progressive collapse analysis
div of Structural Engineering

I N T E R A C T I O N

--------

Figure 8.5

S O L U T I O N

Yield at end 1
O---O---+
O---O---O
Unloading at end 1
Unloading at midspan
Yield at end 1
O---*---O
O---O---O
Yield at end 1
O---+---+
O---+---+
Yield at end 2
+---+---O
Unloading at end 2
O---O---+

D I S P L A C E M E N T S

--------

X-dis

Y-dis

Z-dis

X-rot

Y-rot

2.872E-02

.000E+00

1.772E-03

.000E+00

1.210E-03

G L O B A L

R E A C T I O N

X-for
-1.219E+05
-1.157E+05
-2.376E+05

Y-for

Z-for

.000E+00 -6.534E+05
.000E+00 6.534E+05
.000E+00 2.910E-10

1 / 19 cpu =

1.90 sec,

Z-rot

F O R C E S

--------

X-mom

Y-mom

.000E+00
.000E+00

1.104E-11
1.440E-11

Total accumulated cpu =

.000E+00

Z-mom
.000E+00
.000E+00
32.68 sec

Load step output

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

8-8

ELEM
ES
INTERACTION FUNCTION
VALUES

:
:

Element identification number.

Element status (Section 4.4).

Yield at ...
Plastic hinge at ...
Unloading at ...
Tension failure mode
Fracture at ...
Capacity lim. at ...
... end 1
... end 2
... midspan
... joint 1
... joint 2
0---+---+

(Section 4.3). These values represents the accumulated stress level

of each element position with the value -1 in the initial, stress-free
configuration, and the value 0 when the first yield capacity or the
full plastic capacity is reached.
The primary columns concern the full plastic capacity (Value 0
when the full plastic capacity is reached); the secondary column (in
brackets) is zero on first yielding of the cross section.
Short comments when the status of an element is changed.

Position where the element status changes

Representation of the element status, corresponding to the value

'ES'.
0:
Plastic hinge inserted.
+:
Position where element forces are checked for plasticity.
*:
Plastic hinge removed at element midspan. Internally, the
element is still divided in two sub-elements (Section 4.4).
Plastic tension failure. The axial tension force has reached the
plastic capacity, and the current state of forces is maintained during
the rest of the analysis (Section 5.2).

0- -0- -0

GLOBAL TOTAL
DISPLACEMENTS

This table shows the total accumulated displacements up to and

including the current load increment.

GLOBAL REACTION
FORCES

NODE

This table show the total accumulated reaction forces up to and

including the current load increment.
Nodal point identification number.

8.2

OUTPUT TO TERMINAL/BATCH-OUT STREAM

Global history output are written to terminal or batch-out stream at each step during analysis. The format
of the print is controlled by the parameter termprint (Section 6.3.B).
Output for terminal print during interactive running is shown in Figure 8.6.
The data line is overwritten at each load step, except when a local or global load maximum/minimum is
detected, i.e. when the current stiffness parameter changes sign.

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

USFOS
load
comb.

8-9

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

Load
step

Load
level

XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX

Current
stiff.

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

Control
displ.

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

Energy
absorb.

1
23
6.320 -2.405
2.910E-02
3.863E+03
1
26
6.270
.147
3.203E-02
4.596E+03
1
41
6.947
-.043
4.771E-02
8.759E+03
=====================================================

Figure 8.6

Terminal output

Figure 8.7 shows the print format adapted to batch running. The data corresponds to the global history
data for the Analysis Print File (Section 8.1.3).

MARINTEK 1999-02-17

USFOS USERS MANUAL

Output

8-10

- U S F O S Progressive Collapse
Analysis of Frame Structures
Version 3.3 / Release 89-08-25
SINTEF div of Structural Engineering

Control
Structure
Load
Result

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

========

XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

U S F O S

Load
step

Load
level

prefix
prefix
prefix
prefix

XXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XXXXXX
XXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX

A N A L Y S I S

U S F O S
S I N T E F
USFOS
load
comb.

file
file
file
files

: ZAYAS-FRAME-HEAD
: ZAYAS-FRAME-STRU
:
: ZAYAS-FRAME

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

R E S U L T S

Current
stiff.

Control
displ.

Energy
absorb.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7

1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
5.500
5.923

1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000
1.000

4.380E-03
8.760E-03
1.314E-02
1.752E-02
2.190E-02
2.409E-02
2.595E-02

8.760E+01
3.504E+02
7.885E+02
1.402E+03
2.190E+03
2.650E+03
3.074E+03

6.099

.948

2.676E-02

3.270E+03

6.489

.887

2.869E-02

3.754E+03

1
1

10
11

6.500
6.535

.865
.865

2.874E-02
2.892E-02

3.769E+03
3.815E+03

1
1

12
13

6.585
6.609

.837
.836

2.918E-02
2.931E-02

3.884E+03
3.917E+03

Figure 8.7

U S F O S

X
XX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXXXXXXXX
XX
X

========

Z A Y A s FRAME
progressive collapse analysis
div of Structural Engineering

1
1
1
1
1
1
1

========

XXXXXX
XXXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXX
XXXXXXX
XX
XX
XX
XXXXXXXX
XXXXXX

A N A L Y S I S

Elem.
no.

Event
type

Event
pos.

PLAS

NOD1

PLAS

NOD2

PLAS

NOD2

PLAS

NOD1

PLAS

MID

C O M P L E T E D

========

Batch output
MARINTEK 1999-02-17