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    Flood Routing

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    rockstarali
    The document discusses different methods for hydraulic/distributed flow routing. It describes hydraulic routing as calculating flow as a function of both space and time using the Saint Venant equations. It outlines various routing methods including kinematic wave, diffusion wave using the Muskingum-Cunge method, and dynamic wave routing using the full Saint Venant equations. The Muskingum-Cunge method relates the Muskingum method to the Saint Venant equations using inflow-outflow equations. Example problems demonstrate applying the Muskingum routing method to calculate an outflow hydrograph from an inflow hydrograph.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Flood Routing

    Uploaded by

    rockstarali
    118 views12 pages
    The document discusses different methods for hydraulic/distributed flow routing. It describes hydraulic routing as calculating flow as a function of both space and time using the Saint Venant equations. It outlines various routing methods including kinematic wave, diffusion wave using the Muskingum-Cunge method, and dynamic wave routing using the full Saint Venant equations. The Muskingum-Cunge method relates the Muskingum method to the Saint Venant equations using inflow-outflow equations. Example problems demonstrate applying the Muskingum routing method to calculate an outflow hydrograph from an inflow hydrograph.

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    The document discusses different methods for hydraulic/distributed flow routing. It describes hydraulic routing as calculating flow as a function of both space and time using the Saint Venant equations. It outlines various routing methods including kinematic wave, diffusion wave using the Muskingum-Cunge method, and dynamic wave routing using the full Saint Venant equations. The Muskingum-Cunge method relates the Muskingum method to the Saint Venant equations using inflow-outflow equations. Example problems demonstrate applying the Muskingum routing method to calculate an outflow hydrograph from an inflow hydrograph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    118 views12 pages

    Flood Routing

    Uploaded by

    rockstarali
    The document discusses different methods for hydraulic/distributed flow routing. It describes hydraulic routing as calculating flow as a function of both space and time using the Saint Venant equations. It outlines various routing methods including kinematic wave, diffusion wave using the Muskingum-Cunge method, and dynamic wave routing using the full Saint Venant equations. The Muskingum-Cunge method relates the Muskingum method to the Saint Venant equations using inflow-outflow equations. Example problems demonstrate applying the Muskingum routing method to calculate an outflow hydrograph from an inflow hydrograph.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 12

    Module 5

    Lecture 4: Hydraulic routing

    Hydraulic/Distributed flow routing


    Flow is calculated as a function of space and time throughout the system
    Hydraulic methods use continuity and momentum equation along with the
    equation of motion of unsteady flow (St. Venant equations).
    St. Venant Equations (Refer to Module 6 for more details)

    Kinematic wave routing

    Diffusion wave routing

    Muskingum-Cunge method

    Dynamic wave routing

    Module 5

    Diffusion wave routing


    Muskingum-Cunge method
    It is the relationship between the Muskingum method and the Saint-Venant equations.
    Inflow-Outflow Equation:

    O t + t = C0 It + t + C1 It + C2 O

    The constants C0, C1 and C2 are functions of wave celerity, c.

    c =

    dQ
    =
    dA

    dQ
    dy

    ,
    dA
    dy
    Q discharge and y depth of flow
    Module 5

    Diffusion wave routing


    Muskingum-Cunge method

    Contd

    Q0
    1

    X = 1
    2 c * T * S 0 * x
    where,

    Q0 = QB + 0.50(Q p QB )
    Q0 = Reference discharge,
    S0 = Reach Slope,
    QB = Baseflow
    Qp = Peak flow taken from the inflow hydrograph

    Module 5

    Dynamic Wave Routing


    Flow in natural channels is unsteady, non-uniform with junctions, tributaries,
    variable cross-sections, variable resistances, variable depths, etc. The complete
    St.Venant equation represents the dynamic wave routing. (Refer to Module 6 for more
    details)

    y
    V
    y
    0=
    + y
    +V

    t
    x
    x

    Valley
    storage

    Prism
    storage

    Non-conservative
    form of continuity
    equation

    Wedge
    storage

    Module 5

    Dynamic Wave Routing

    Contd

    Momentum equation considering all relevant forces acting on the system:

    y
    1 Q 1 Q
    g (So S f ) = 0
    +

    + g
    A t
    A x A
    x
    2

    Local
    acceleration
    term

    Convective
    acceleration
    term

    Pressure
    force term

    Gravity
    force term

    Friction
    force term

    Module 5

    Example Problem
    Given:
    Inflow hydrograph
    K = 2.3 hr, X = 0.15, t = 1 hour, Initial Q = 90 cfs
    Find:
    Outflow hydrograph using Muskingum routing method

    1 2 * 2.3 * 0.15
    t 2 KX
    =
    = 0.0631
    2 K (1 X ) + t 2 * 2.3(1 0.15) + 1
    1 + 2 * 2.3 * 0.15
    t + 2 KX
    = 0.3442
    =
    =
    2 K (1 X ) + t 2 * 2.3(1 0.15) + 1
    2 K (1 X ) t 2 * 2.3 * (1 0.15) 1
    = 0.5927
    =
    =
    2 K (1 X ) + t
    2 * 2.3(1 0.15) + 1

    C1 =
    C2
    C3

    Period
    (hr)
    1
    2
    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    9
    10
    11
    12
    13
    14
    15
    16
    17
    18
    19
    20

    Inflow
    (cfs)
    93
    137
    208
    320
    442
    546
    630
    678
    691
    675
    634
    571
    477
    390
    329
    247
    184
    134
    108
    90

    Module 5

    Example Problem
    Period

    Inflow

    (hr)

    (cfs)

    93

    90

    137

    32

    53.343

    94.343

    208

    13

    47

    55.9171

    115.9171

    320

    20

    72

    68.70406 160.7041

    442

    28

    110

    95.2493

    800

    546

    34

    152

    138.2469 324.2469

    700

    630

    40

    188

    192.1811 420.1811

    678

    43

    217

    249.0413 509.0413

    Q j +1 = C1I j +1 + C 2 I j + C3Q j
    C1 = 0.0631, C2 = 0.3442, C3 = 0.5927
    Inflow

    Discharge (cfs)

    Contd

    Outflow

    600

    C1Ij+1

    C2Ij

    C3Qj

    Outflow
    (cfs)

    233.2493

    691

    44

    233

    301.7088 578.7088

    500

    10

    675

    43

    238

    343.0007 624.0007

    400

    11

    634

    40

    232

    369.8452 641.8452

    12

    571

    36

    218

    380.4217 634.4217

    13

    477

    30

    197

    376.0217 603.0217

    14

    390

    25

    164

    357.411

    100

    15

    329

    21

    134

    323.8578 478.8578

    16

    247

    16

    113

    283.819

    9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

    17

    184

    12

    85

    244.6778 341.6778

    Time (hr)

    18

    134

    63

    202.5124 273.5124

    19

    108

    46

    162.1108 215.1108

    20

    90

    37

    127.4962 170.4962

    300
    200

    546.411
    412.819

    Exercise Problem
    An inflow hydrograph is measured for a cross section of a stream. Compute the
    outflow hydrograph at a point five miles downstream using the Muskinghum
    method . Assuming K = 12hr, x=0.15, and outflow equals inflow initially. Plot the
    inflow and outflow hydrograph.
    Time
    9:00A.M.
    3:00P.M
    9:00 P.M.
    3:00A.M.
    9:00A.M.
    3:00P.M.
    9:00P.M.
    3:00A.M.
    9:00A.M.
    3:00P.M.
    9:00P.M.

    Inflow (cfs)
    50
    75
    150
    450
    1000
    840
    750
    600
    300
    100
    50

    Module 5

    Highlights in the Module


    Flood routing is a technique of determining the flood hydrograph at a section
    of a river by utilizing the data of flood flow at one or more upstream sections
    As a flood wave travels downstream, it undergoes:
    Peak attenuation
    Translation

    Types of flood routing


    Lumped/hydrologic
    Distributed/hydraulic

    Lumped / Hydrologic flow routing


    Flow is calculated as a function of time alone at a particular location.
    Equation of continuity and flow/storage relationship
    Module 5

    Highlights in the Module

    Contd

    Hydrologic flow routing methods


    Level pool method (Modified Puls)
    Channel routing\Muskingum method
    Series of reservoir models

    Distributed / Hydraulic routing


    Flow is calculated as a function of space and time throughout the system
    Hydraulic methods use continuity and momentum equation along with the
    equation of motion of unsteady flow (St. Venant equations).

    Module 5

    Highlights in the Module

    Contd

    Distributed / Hydraulic routing methods


    Diffusion wave routing
    Muskingum Cunge method
    Dynamic wave routing
    Complete solution to St.Venant equations

    Module 5

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