Curso de Maquina Asincrona

Course
"EEM 41 Three-phase asynchronous machines"
Photo: ABB Group
SH5007-1D Version 1.0

Author: M.Germeroth
Lucas-Nlle GmbH Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen (Sindorf)
Tel.: +49 2273 567-0
www.lucas-nuelle.de
Copyright 2006 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.

All rights reserved.
LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH

Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen
EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines
Training objectives
Equipment: 300 W Industrial Series
Safety
Asynchronous motor
Connection and starting
Rotation reversal
Load characteristics
Reactive compensation
Asynchronous motor, Steinmetz circuit

Copyright
1
2
3
5
7
17
23
31
43
45
51
57

Training objectives
Welcome to the Three-phase Asynchronous Machine course. The

team from LUCAS-NLLE wishes you lots of fun and success while
working through the course topics and performing the experiments. The
following pages provide you with an overview of the course content and
the required materials.
This course is designed to convey practical know-how on the topic of three-phase
asynchronous machines.
Experiment-based investigations of the asynchronous motor are the focus and cover
the functioning of the machine, its response and how it operates.
Training contents
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Motor operation
Nominal data, rating plate
Star cnnection, delta connnection
Star/delta switches
Steinmetz circuit (300W series)
Reactive power compensation
Measurement of phase-to-phase and line-to-line values
Reversal of rotation
Measurement of power output with and without oad
Prerequisites
z
z
z
Basic knowledge of electrical machines

Basic knowledge of electrical engineering
Knowledge of using measuring instruments

Equipment: 300 W Industrial Series
SO3636-6U
SE2662-2A
SE2662-7B
SE2672-3G
SO3212-1W
SO3212-2D
SO3212-5U
SO5127-1Z
SO3212-6E
SO5148-1F
SO5126-9X
SO5126-9Z
Active machine test stand 300 W

Coupling sleeve 300 W
Coupling guard 300 W
Three-phase motor with squirrel-cage rotor
300 W
On/off switch 4-pole
Star-delta switch
Power supply for electrical machines
Analog/digital multimeter, power meter and
power factor meter
Compensation unit
Set of safety connecting leads 4 mm
(47 each)
Set of safety connection plugs 19/4 mm
(15 each)
Set of safety connection plugs 19/4 mm with
tap (5 each)
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
1 each
15 x
5x

Safety
Basic safety instructions
In all experiments using mains voltages high, life-threatening voltages arise. For that
reason use only safety measurement leads and make sure that there are no shortcircuits.
It is imperative that all of the devices, which are provided with an earth or where
earthing is possible, must be earthed. This is particularly the case for the frequency
converter being used.
Always be very careful to check the wiring of the application modules and only
switch on the mains voltage after a check has been completed. Whenever possible
use a robust current monitoring instrument in the circuit.
Always use shaft-end guards and coupling guards as protection against contact
with rotating motor parts
All locally applicable stipulations and standards governing how electrical equipment
is handled must be complied with.

Safety
General instructions on handling the equipment

{
{
{
Check that the knurled screws at the base of the motor and the coupling
sleeves (power grip) on the motor shaft are all securely fastened.
Use shaft and coupling guards.
Any prolonged running of the machines when operating under high loads
can subject the machines to excessive heating.
The extreme case of the machine being prevented from rotating entirely
may only arise briefly.
All of the machines are equipped with a thermal circuit-breaker, which
triggers when the maximum permissible operating temperature is
exceeded. These switching contacts are accessible on the terminal
board and must always be connected to the corresponding connection
sockets of the mains supply and control unit.
All measurements have been recorded using conventional measuring
instruments (primarily class 1.5) at the standard mains voltage
(230/400V +5% -10% 50Hz) using standard production machines.
Experience suggests that measurements will lie within the tolerance
range of +/-15% with respect to the specified measurement. For more
information on this please refer to VDE0530.

Asynchronous motor
Asynchronous motors
On the subsequent pages you will be performing the following exercises
on the "asynchronous motor":
z
z
z
z
z

Rotation reversal
Dynamic load experiments (Classic series only )
Reactive power compensation

Asynchronous motor

Asynchronous motor
Training content: Connection and starting

z
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
Identify the terminal connections of the motor and operate the

motor as a three-phase asynchronous motor on a three-phase
mains network
Utilise the nominal data of the motor based on the rating plate
Measure the phase voltage and phase current
Put the motor into operation in star and delta configurations
Identify the differences between star and delta connections
Understand the function of adelta switch
Put the motor into operation with the brake
Subject the motor to load
Enter the nominal data for the asynchronous machine
____W
Nominal power
UN star circuit connection ____V
UN delta circuit connection ____V
IN star circuit connection ____A
IN delta circuit connection ____A
____
cos
____rpm
Speed
____Hz
Frequency
What is the maximum permissible voltage of the motor winding (phase voltage)?
Uphase= ____V

Asynchronous motor
Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"

z
Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and

set-up instructions
Switch on the brake too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
Circuit diagram "connection & starting" (star configuration)

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Connection & starting" (star configuration)
Putting the asynchronous motor into operation in star configuration

Required settings:
z
Brake mode: "Torque Control"

Asynchronous motor
Experiment procedure:
z
z
z
Put the motor into operation and observe its response

Brake the motor down to its nominal speed
At the same time measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase
Make sure that the ammeter and voltmeters have been connected properly
What do you measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase to be?
Uphase= ____V
Iphase= ____A
10

Asynchronous motor
Circuit diagram "Connection & starting" (delta connection)
11

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Connection & starting" (delta connection)
Putting the asynchronous motor into operation in delta configuration

Required settings:
z
Brake mode: "Torque Control"
z
z
z
Put the motor into operation and observe its response

Brake the motor down to its nominal speed
At the same time measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase
Make sure that the ammeter and voltmeters have been connected correctly
12

Asynchronous motor
What do you measure the phase variables Uphase and Iphase to be?
Uphase= ____V
Iphase= ____A
Circuit diagram "Connection & starting" (star and delta switch)
13

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Connection and starting" (star and delta switch)
Putting the asynchronous motor into operation with a star/delta switch and
recording the load characteristics
Required setting:
z
Brake mode: "Torque mode"
z
z
z
14
One load characteristic each is to be recorded for the star and delta circuits
Subject the motor to the load torques as given in the table
Enter the measured values (M, n, Uphase, Iphase) into the tables

Asynchronous motor
Table1 (star connection)

0
250
200
n/(1/min)
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0
Ustr
Istr
M/Nm
n/(1/min)
Ustr/V
Istr/A
150
100
50
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.9
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
M/Nm
Table2 (delta connection)
2.7
400
350
2.4
2.1
300
1.8
250
1.5
200
1.2
150
0.9
0.6
100
0.3
50
0.0
n/(1/min)
3.0
Ustr
Istr
M/Nm
n/(1/min)
Ustr/V
Istr/A
0.5
3000
2800
2600
2400
2200
2000
1800
1600
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
1.5
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
1.6
2.5
1.8
2.0
2.2
2.4
2.6
2.8 3.0
M/Nm
15

Asynchronous motor
Which of the statements below are true?

c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
16
The maximum torque of the motor is identical for

both circuit types
In star configuration the phase current is lower
A delta connection offers the better speed/torque
ratio as compared to a star circuit
The starting current is generally lower for the star
connection than delta configuration
The star/delta switch has practically no significance
at all
The star/delta switch permits the motor to start "more
smoothly"
In practice asynchronous motors are operated only in
star configuration

Asynchronous motor
Training content: "Rotation reversal"

z
Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise

rotation
Put the motor into operation in both rotation directions
Definition of rotation direction

If you look at the drive shaft end of the asynchronous machine from the perspective
of the working machine (in our case the brake), the rotating direction is positive
when it is clockwise. If the motor has two workable shaft ends, then it is the shaft
end opposite the cooling vents, collector or slip-rings that is the shaft end which
defines the rotation direction.
Note: in the "Classic series" (0.3 KW & 1.0 KW) the rotation direction is
determined by the rotation direction of the brake, i.e. if the asynchronous machine
rotates clockwise, i.e. in the positive direction, the control unit of the brake indicates
a negative rotation direction. Thus the rotation direction displayed is always that of
the brake.
17

Asynchronous motor
Assembly instructions: "Rotation reversal"

z
Assemble the circuits as specified in the circuit diagrams and set-up

instructions below.
Switch on the brake too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake can be found in the corresponding online
documentation
Circuit diagram "Rotation reversal" (star/delta switch)
18

Asynchronous motor
Set-up for "rotation reversal" (star/delta switch)
Rotation reversal
z
Switch on the motor and observe how it responds
What is the motor's direction of rotation?

The motor rotates clockwise
j The motor rotates anti-clockwise
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
19

Asynchronous motor
Switch the motor off and modify the circuit according to the following circuit
diagram
Turn the motor back on and observe its response again
Circuit diagram "Rotation Reversal" (star-delta switch)
20

Asynchronous motor
What is the motor's direction of rotation

The motor rotates clockwise
j The motor rotates anti-clockwise
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
How can the rotation direction of the three-phase asynchronous machine be

reversed?
Interchanging any two phase lines
j Only by exchanging phase lines L2 & L3
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
21

Asynchronous motor
22

Asynchronous motor
Training contents: "Load characteristics"

z
z
z
z
Record the load characteristics of the motor

Determine the nominal torque
Determine the highest degree of efficiency
Study how the motor responds to loads
Assembly instructions: "Load characteristics"

z
Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and

set-up instructions.
Switch the brake on too. This does not yet subject the motor to any load.
More detailed information on the brake and the software used can be found in the
appropriate online documentation
23

Asynchronous motor
Circuit diagram "Load characteristics" (star-delta switch)
24

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Load characteristics" (star-delta switch)
Recording the motor's load characteristics with the aid of the "ActiveDrive/
ActiveASMA" software
Required settings:
z
Brake:
{ Industrial series: "PC mode"
{ Classic series: "Application mode" (
Note: when starting the
"ActiveASMA" software you will be prompted to select "Application
mode")
25

Asynchronous motor
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
26
Start the "ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" software

Select the operating mode "automatic speed control"
Apply the brake to the motor in 20 discrete steps until the motor ceases
to turn ( Note: in the "ActiveDrive / ActiveASMA" software enter the
corresponding number of steps before this occurs under "Settings" ->
"Presets" -> "Ramp")
The load characteristics of the asynchronous motor are to be recorded for both
star as well as delta connection
Begin with a star connection
For each operating mode two graphs are plotted
Label and scale the graphs as shown in the place holders below
The following parameters are to be recorded:
{ In the first graph:
Torque M
(n)
Slip s
( Note: in the "ActiveDrive / ActiveASMA" software
(n)
enter the corresponding number of steps before this occurs under
"Settings" -> "Presets" -> "Machine")
{ In the second graph:
Mechanical power P
2(n)
Power factor cos
(n)
Efficiency
(n)
After completing the measurement, export the plotted graph and copy it in
place of the placeholder below
Determine the the highest possible efficiency (n) for each operating mode
based on the second graph

Asynchronous motor
Placeholder for the load graph (star connection); M(n); s(n)
Placeholder for load graph (star connection);

P2(n); cos(n) ;(n) ( => "eta")
27

Asynchronous motor
Placeholder for load graph (delta connection); M(n); s(n)
Placeholder for load graph (delta connection);

P2(n);cos (n); (n) ( => "eta")
28

Asynchronous motor
What is the efficiency of the asynchronous machine in star configuration at

nominal speed?
= ____%
What is the torque of the asynchronous machine at nominal speed in star

configuration?
MN = ____Nm
What is the efficiency of the asynchronous machine in delta configuration at

nominal speed?
= ____%
What is the torque of the asynchronous machine at nominal speed in delta

configuration?
MN = ____Nm
29

Asynchronous motor
30

Asynchronous motor
Training content: "Reactive power compensation"

z
z
Understand the purpose of reactive power compensation

Recognise the influence of the connection configuration (Y- or
configuration) and the effect of the capacitance on reactive
power compensation
Assembly instructions: "Reactive power compensation"

z
Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagrams and

More detailed information regarding the brake can be found in the corresponding
online documentation
31

Asynchronous motor
Circuit diagram "Reactive power compensation" (star connection with compensation)
32

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Reactive power compensation" (star connection with compensation 0.5 F)
33

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Reactive power compensation" (star connection with compensation 1.0 F)
Recording a load characteristic for the motor in star configuration with

compensation (0.5/1.0 F) using the "ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" software
Required settings:
z
z
34
Industrial series: "PC mode"

Classic series: "Application mode" ( Note: when starting the software
"ActiveASMA" you will be prompted to select "Application mode")

Asynchronous motor
z
z
z
z
z
z
z

Select "Automatic speed control" operating mode
The brake should be applied to the motor in 20 steps until the motor can no
longer rotate ( Note: enter the corresponding number of steps in the
"ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" software under the "Settings" -> "Presets" ->
"Ramp")
Record a load characteristic for the asynchronous motor in star configuration
with various reactive power compensation levels
Begin with a compensation of 0.5 F
A separate graph is to be plotted for each compensation
Label the graphs as in the placeholders below
{ Apparent power S
(n)
{ Active power P
1(n)
{ Reactive power Q
(n)
{ Power factor cos
(n)
After completing the measurements the graphs plotted should be exported
and copied into the appropriate placeholders below
Placeholder for load graph; compensation 0.5 F
35

Asynchronous motor
36

Asynchronous motor
Circuit diagram "Reactive power compensation" (delta connection with compensation)
37

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Reactive compensation" (Delta connection with compensation 0.5 F)
38

Asynchronous motor
Set-up "Reactive power compensation" (delta connection with compensation 1.0 F)
Recording a load characteristic for the motor in delta configuration with

compensation (0.5/1.0 F) using the "ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" software
Required settings:
z
Brake:
{ Industrial series: "PC mode"
{ Classic series: "Application mode" (
Note: when starting the
"ActiveASMA" software you will be prompted to select "Application
mode")
39

Asynchronous motor
z
z
z
z
z
z
z

The brake is to be applied to the motor in 20 discrete steps until the motor is
no longer able to rotate ( Note: enter the corresponding number of steps it
takes for this to occur into "ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" under "Settings" ->
"Presets" -> "Ramp")
Record a load characteristic for the asynchronous motor in delta configuration
with various reactive power compensation levels
Begin with a compensation level of 0.5 F
For each compensation level a separate graph is to be plotted
Label the graphs as shown in the placeholders below
The following parameters should be recorded:
{ Apparent power S
(n)
{ Active power P
1(n)
{ Reactive power Q
(n)
{ Power factor cos
(n)
After completing the plots export the graphs and copy them into the
corresponding placeholders below
40

Asynchronous motor
Placeholder for load graphs; compensation 1.0 F
For which connection type is a higher reactive power compensation achieved?

Star connection
j Delta connection
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
What effect does the capacitance of the capacitors have on the performance?
None
c When the capacitors are too large the capacitive
d
e
f
g
reactive power is tapped from the mains
c An oversized capacitor reduces the capacitive load
d
e
f
g
on the mains and for that reason tends to be
desirable
c In general the following holds true: the lower the
d
e
f
g
capacitance of the capacitors, the worse the reactive
power compensation
c
d
e
f
g
More than one

answer may
be correct
41

Asynchronous motor
42


On the subsequent pages you will be performing the following exercises
on the asynchronous motor with a Steinmetz circuit:
z
z

43

44

Training contents: "Connection and starting"

z
z
z
z
z
Identify the motor terminals and operate the three-phase

asynchronous motor using the Steinmetz circuit from a singleconductor mains (AC power mains)
Measure the phase voltage and the phase current
Examine the attributes of the Steinmetz circuit with various
operating capacitors (capacitances)
Put the motor into operation with the brake
Subject the motor to loads
Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"

z
Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagrams and

More detailed information regarding the brake and the software can be found in
the appropriate online documentation
45

Circuit diagram "Connection and starting" (Steinmetz circuit)
46

Set-up "Connection and starting" (Steinmetz circuit, CB = 6F)
Putting the three-phase asynchronous motor into operation on the AC mains

with the aid of an operating capacitor (CB=6F)
Required settings:
z
Brake mode: "Torque control"
z
z
z
Put the motor into operation and observe how it responds

Apply the brake to the motor until the motor reaches the nominal speed
At the same time measure the phase winding voltage and
current variables Uphase, Iphase and the required braking torque MBrake
Make sure that the ammeter and voltmeter are connected correctly
47

Enter your measurements

Uphase = ____V
Iphase = ____A
MBrake = ____Nm
Now reduce the capacitance of the operating capacitor by modifying the

set-up as shown below.
Set-up "Connection and starting" (Steinmetz circuit, CB = 3F)
48

z
Put the motor back into operation and observe how it responds
How does the motor respond?

There is a severe delay before the motor starts
to rotate
j The motor does not start
k
l
m
n
j
k
l
m
n
Which of the following statements are true?

c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
c
d
e
f
g
Due to the lower capacitance of the operating

capacitor, sufficient current cannot be induced and
for that reason the motor does not start
The size of the operating capacitor is irrelevant to the
starting response of the motor
The greater the capacitance the higher the starting
torque
Of course the size of the capacitor determines the
rotation direction of the asynchronous motor
The torque of the three-phase motor connected to an
AC mains is considerably lower than one connected
to a three-phase mains
More than one

answer may
be correct
49

50

Training contents: "Load characteristics"

z
z
z
z
Record the load characteristics of the motor

Compute the nominal torque
Determine the highest degree of efficiency
Study how the motor responds to loads
Assembly instructions: "Load characteristics"

z
Assemble the circuits according to the following circuit diagram and setup instructions.
More detailed information on the brake and the software can be found in the
appropriate online documentation
51

Circuit diagram "Load characteristics" (Steinmetz circuit)
52

Set-up "Load characteristics " (Steinmetz circuit, CB = 6F)
53

Required settings:
z
Brake: "PC mode" or "Application mode" ( Note: when starting the

"ActiveASMA" software you will be prompted to select "Application mode")
z
z
z
z
z
z
z
54

The brake is applied to the motor in 20 discrete steps until a speed of 1200
rpms is reached ( Note: enter the corresponding number of steps it takes to
achieve this in the "ActiveDrive/ActiveASMA" software under "Settings" ->
"Presets" -> "Ramp".)
Record load characteristics for the asynchronous motor on an AC mains
A total of two graphs are to be recorded
Label and scale the graphs as in the appropriate placeholders shown below
{ In the first graph:
Torque M
(n)
Degree of efficiency
(n)
{ In the second graph:
Mechanical power P
2(n)
Apparent power S
(n)
Active power P
1(n)
Reactive power Q
(n)
After completing the measurement export the plotted graphs and copy them
into the appropriate placeholders below

Placeholder for load graph; M(n); (n) ( => "eta")
Placeholder for load graph; P2(n); S(n); P1(n); Q(n)
55

Based on the first graph determine the efficiency for the nominal speed
= ____%
56

Copyright
Congratulations!
This is the last page. You have completed the course "EEM41 Threephase asynchronous machines".
Copyright 2004-2006 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.

This course "EEM 41 Three-phase asynchronous machines" is protected by
copyright. All rights pertaining thereto are reserved. Any reproduction of the
document as a file or in written form be it photocopy, microfilm or any other method
or conversion into a machine-compatible language, in particular for data processing
systems, without the expressed written approval of the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH is
strictly forbidden.
The software as described above is made available on the basis of a general
licensing agreement or in the form of a single license. The use or reproduction of the
software is only permitted in strict compliance with the contractual terms stated
therein.
If changes have been performed in a manner which was not strictly authorised by
the LUCAS-NLLE GmbH, any product liability or warranty claims pertaining thereto
are null and void.
57
16
Lucas-Nlle Lehr- und Megerte GmbH

Siemensstrae 2 D-50170 Kerpen-Sindorf
Telefon +49 2273 567-0 Fax +49 2273 567-30
www.lucas-nuelle.de

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Course

"EEM 41 Three-phase asynchronous machines"

Photo: ABB Group

SH5007-1D Version 1.0

Copyright 2006 LUCAS-NLLE GmbH.

LUCAS-NLLE Lehr- und Messgerte GmbH

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Asynchronous motor, Steinmetz circuit

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Welcome to the Three-phase Asynchronous Machine course. The

Basic knowledge of electrical machines

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Active machine test stand 300 W

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Basic safety instructions

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

General instructions on handling the equipment

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Connection and starting

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Training content: Connection and starting

Identify the terminal connections of the motor and operate the

Enter the nominal data for the asynchronous machine

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Assembly instructions: "Connection and starting"

Assemble the circuits as specified in the following circuit diagram and

Circuit diagram "connection & starting" (star configuration)

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Set-up "Connection & starting" (star configuration)

Putting the asynchronous motor into operation in star configuration

Brake mode: "Torque Control"

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Put the motor into operation and observe its response

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Circuit diagram "Connection & starting" (delta connection)

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Set-up "Connection & starting" (delta connection)

Putting the asynchronous motor into operation in delta configuration

Brake mode: "Torque Control"

Put the motor into operation and observe its response

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Circuit diagram "Connection & starting" (star and delta switch)

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Set-up "Connection and starting" (star and delta switch)

Brake mode: "Torque mode"

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Table1 (star connection)

Table2 (delta connection)

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Which of the statements below are true?

The maximum torque of the motor is identical for

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Training content: "Rotation reversal"

Identify the difference between clockwise and anti-clockwise

Definition of rotation direction

EEM41 Three-phase asynchronous machines

Assembly instructions: "Rotation reversal"